應(ying)(ying)龍(long)是古代中(zhong)國神話傳(chuan)說中(zhong)一種有翼(yi)的龍(long),相傳(chuan)黃(huang)帝戰蚩尤時(shi)應(ying)(ying)龍(long)斬蚩尤、夸父,禹治(zhi)洪水時(shi)有應(ying)(ying)龍(long)以尾畫地(di)成江河使水入海。
應龍(long)(long),吾人已知乃黃帝神龍(long)(long),曾以“殺蚩尤與夸父”(大荒東經(jing))立大功(gong)者(zhe),今(jin)乃助禹(yu)治水,則亦當(dang)為黃帝之(zhi)任(ren)命也。拾遺記(ji)卷二云:“禹(yu)盡(jin)力溝洫(xu),導川夷(yi)岳(yue),黃龍(long)(long)曳尾于(yu)前,玄(xuan)龜負(fu)青泥于(yu)后。”“黃龍(long)(long)曳尾”,自(zi)即是(shi)“應龍(long)(long)畫(hua)地”也,“玄(xuan)龜負(fu)青泥”者(zhe),青泥當(dang)即是(shi)息(xi)壤,即“帝卒(zu)命禹(yu)布土”之(zhi)“土”也。
應(ying)龍(long)是生雙翅(chi),鱗身脊棘,頭大(da)(da)而長,吻尖,鼻(bi)、目、耳皆(jie)小,眼眶(kuang)大(da)(da),眉(mei)弓高,牙(ya)齒利,前額突起(qi),頸細腹大(da)(da),尾尖長,四肢(zhi)強壯,宛如一只生翅(chi)的揚(yang)子鱷。在(zai)戰國的玉(yu)雕(diao),漢代的石刻、帛畫和漆器(qi)上,常出現應(ying)龍(long)的形象。