柯(ke)柯(ke)鹽(yan)湖,蒙古(gu)語(yu)青(qing)色鹽(yan)湖之意(yi)。位于青(qing)海省烏蘭(lan)縣境內牦(mao)牛山下一小盆地內。湖面海拔(ba)3010米(mi),東西(xi)長約28公(gong)(gong)里,南北(bei)狹窄(zhai),面積(ji)119平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里。湖水(shui)為鈉鹽(yan)型,漸(jian)趨干涸,現僅東西(xi)兩端有小面積(ji)水(shui)面。晶間鹵水(shui)來源為穿過山前(qian)傾斜平(ping)(ping)(ping)原砂礫層后在其前(qian)緣遇粘土層而溢(yi)出的泉(quan)水(shui),泉(quan)眼665處(chu)以(yi)上。鹽(yan)礦蘊藏(zang)量大(da),每平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里達750萬噸左右,便于露天開采,再生能力強(qiang),建有柯(ke)柯(ke)鹽(yan)廠進行開采。
柯(ke)(ke)(ke)柯(ke)(ke)(ke)鹽(yan)(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)位于(yu)青海省海西蒙古族(zu)藏族(zu)自治(zhi)州烏蘭縣柯(ke)(ke)(ke)柯(ke)(ke)(ke)鎮境內(nei);地理(li)坐(zuo)標東經(jing)97°58′-98°30′,北緯36°50′-37°06′。 柯(ke)(ke)(ke)柯(ke)(ke)(ke)鹽(yan)(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)積119平(ping)(ping)方公里,其(qi)中干(gan)鹽(yan)(yan)灘90-95平(ping)(ping)方公里,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)面(mian)積4平(ping)(ping)方公里,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)海拔(ba)3010m。鹽(yan)(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)盆是封閉的內(nei)流(liu)盆地,但沒有(you)(you)常(chang)年性河流(liu),依靠大(da)(da)氣降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)和地下水(shui)(shui)補給,尤其(qi)是在鹽(yan)(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)周邊分布有(you)(you)大(da)(da)量泉(quan)水(shui)(shui),對柯(ke)(ke)(ke)柯(ke)(ke)(ke)鹽(yan)(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)有(you)(you)重(zhong)要的調節作(zuo)用(yong)。鹽(yan)(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區氣候(hou)(hou)干(gan)寒,年平(ping)(ping)均氣溫(wen)2℃,1月平(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)度-14℃,7月平(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)度12.5℃;年平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量90mm,年蒸發(fa)量2600mm,年日照時數達3100小時,經(jing)常(chang)刮(gua)西北風(feng),平(ping)(ping)均風(feng)速(su)3m/s,屬(shu)于(yu)大(da)(da)陸性干(gan)旱氣候(hou)(hou)。
柯柯鹽湖鹵水資源主要是晶間鹵水,礦化度326.4g/L,相對密度1.2168,pH值6.75,鹵水化學類型為硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽型硫(liu)酸(suan)鎂(mei)亞型。
柯(ke)(ke)柯(ke)(ke)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)湖鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)類(lei)礦物(wu)資(zi)源有石(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、水(shui)(shui)石(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、芒硝、無水(shui)(shui)芒硝、石(shi)(shi)膏、瀉利鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、白鈉(na)鎂礬(fan)等(deng),其中以(yi)石(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)沉積(ji)礦物(wu)為較多,是(shi)大型的石(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)湖礦床。利用柯(ke)(ke)柯(ke)(ke)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)湖石(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)資(zi)源生(sheng)產的原鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、洗(xi)滌工業(ye)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、再(zai)生(sheng)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、精(jing)制(zhi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、粉洗(xi)加碘鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、粉洗(xi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)工業(ye)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)系列產品遠銷(xiao)國(guo)內外。
柯柯鹽(yan)(yan)湖已發(fa)展(zhan)成了(le)青海省重要(yao)的(de)(de)鹽(yan)(yan)業(ye)基地(di)之一。河谷潛流及河水出山后的(de)(de)入滲,是盆(pen)地(di)地(di)下水的(de)(de)主要(yao)補給形式和補給量,而(er)蒸(zheng)發(fa)是鹽(yan)(yan)湖晶間鹵水排泄途徑(jing)。根據(ju)現(xian)有資料(liao)分(fen)析認為(wei),初期階段采鹵量以不大(da)于(yu)320萬立方米(mi)/a為(wei)宜。地(di)下水、鹵水的(de)(de)補、采平衡(heng)的(de)(de)初步研究,對柯柯鹽(yan)(yan)湖鹽(yan)(yan)業(ye)生產(chan)持續穩定發(fa)展(zhan)具(ju)有一定的(de)(de)參(can)考意(yi)義。