李鴻儀,字一如。一八九七年(nian)二月十六日(陰歷丁酉年(nian)正月十五日),生(sheng)于青海樂都高廟鎮石(shi)嘴村。
樂(le)都(dou)(dou)(dou)歷史悠久。據高(gao)廟鎮柳灣村出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)新石(shi)器時(shi)代遺物證明,距今(jin)四(si)(si)千多年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian),先民們就在(zai)這塊(kuai)沃(wo)土(tu)上繁(fan)衍生息。漢武帝時(shi)樂(le)都(dou)(dou)(dou)地區歸入(ru)漢朝版(ban)圖,趙(zhao)充國(前(qian)一百三(san)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)——前(qian)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian))在(zai)湟水流域屯(tun)田,促進了樂(le)都(dou)(dou)(dou)的(de)(de)發(fa)展。南(nan)涼以樂(le)都(dou)(dou)(dou)為國都(dou)(dou)(dou)。隋唐(tang)(tang)設州、郡(jun),明清置衛(wei)、所。絲路輔道(dao)(dao)和(he)唐(tang)(tang)蕃古道(dao)(dao)途經縣(xian)境。因此,自古以來(lai)樂(le)都(dou)(dou)(dou)一直是青海東部地區的(de)(de)政(zheng)治、文化中(zhong)心(xin)和(he)交通(tong)要(yao)道(dao)(dao)。湟水自西向東橫貫縣(xian)境,形(xing)成河谷(gu)盆地,農業比較發(fa)達(da)。樂(le)都(dou)(dou)(dou)素有“文化縣(xian)”之稱,在(zai)青海是文化最發(fa)達(da)的(de)(de)縣(xian)。清乾隆(long)二十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(一七(qi)(qi)五(wu)九年(nian)(nian)(nian))建立樂(le)都(dou)(dou)(dou)書(shu)院(yuan),道(dao)(dao)光(guang)二十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(一八四(si)(si)一年(nian)(nian)(nian))改(gai)為鳳(feng)山書(shu)院(yuan)。從雍正三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(一七(qi)(qi)二五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian))至光(guang)緒(xu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(一八八四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)),從書(shu)院(yuan)中(zhong)考中(zhong)舉人七(qi)(qi)名(ming),貢生三(san)十(shi)(shi)九名(ming)。光(guang)緒(xu)三(san)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)鳳(feng)山書(shu)院(yuan)改(gai)為碾伯(bo)縣(xian)高(gao)等小學堂(tang),即是李鴻儀后來(lai)所學習的(de)(de)新式學校。
李(li)鴻(hong)儀出身貧苦的農(nong)家(jia)。同(tong)治間(jian)陜甘(gan)回(hui)民(min)起義,樂都成為戰爭(zheng)場所(suo)。石嘴村(cun)居(ju)民(min)很多(duo)被逼迫投湟水而死(si),其祖(zu)父得(de)志公帶全家(jia)上(shang)北山避亂(luan),因而幸免於難。亂(luan)后回(hui)來(lai),房屋燒毀,田園荒(huang)蕪,滿(man)目荒(huang)涼。李(li)鴻(hong)儀就誕生在(zai)這個(ge)亂(luan)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)家(jia)境非常貧寒(han)。父輩弟兄四人,其父李(li)承琳,居(ju)長(chang),教私塾。叔父三(san)人,均(jun)務農(nong)。祖(zu)母(mu)(mu)劉儒人性(xing)穎悟,同(tong)治避亂(luan),為碾伯(bo)縣幕(mu)賓(bin)育(yu)兒(er),幕(mu)賓(bin)妻富有(you)學(xue)識,見祖(zu)母(mu)(mu)賢慧(hui),故以(yi)(yi)其學(xue)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),因有(you)文化,能讀舊小說(shuo)。先(xian)(xian)生自幼受祖(zu)母(mu)(mu)疼愛(ai),口(kou)(kou)授古(gu)詩,成誦不忘,至老猶朗(lang)朗(lang)上(shang)口(kou)(kou),以(yi)(yi)教子女。先(xian)(xian)生幼時(shi),愛(ai)發疑問,常使祖(zu)母(mu)(mu)發窘。六(liu)歲(sui)(sui)時(shi)問祖(zu)母(mu)(mu)曰(yue):“天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)何物?地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下何物?”祖(zu)母(mu)(mu)隨口(kou)(kou)答之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):“天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)是(shi)天(tian)(tian) ,地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下是(shi)地(di)。”聽后懷疑多(duo)年。十歲(sui)(sui)時(shi),祖(zu)母(mu)(mu)病革,呼其至床(chuang)前誨(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“多(duo)行方便,廣積陰德”。繼誨(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“存好(hao)心(xin),說(shuo)好(hao)話,干好(hao)事,成好(hao)人。”言(yan)畢(bi)遂(sui)逝。對其影響(xiang)極為深(shen)遠,銘(ming)心(xin)不忘,躬行不輟,并以(yi)(yi)此言(yan)教育(yu)子女。
一(yi)九〇三年七歲時(shi)(shi)(shi),入本(ben)村私塾,始發蒙(meng)于唐萬澤先(xian)生(sheng)。唐先(xian)生(sheng)字潤之,河(he)州唐王川人(ren),清增廣生(sheng)員(yuan),詩文書法,兼擅其長。十歲時(shi)(shi)(shi)已熟讀四(si)書及詩經全部,十三歲時(shi)(shi)(shi)熟讀書經、易(yi)經、禮記全部及《唐詩合解(jie)》一(yi)部,記憶力(li)甚強,至(zhi)老猶能(neng)隨(sui)意背出四(si)書五(wu)經內任意段落。四(si)十多歲時(shi)(shi)(shi),給(gei)其子教(jiao)讀四(si)書、五(wu)經,從不看書,隨(sui)口領(ling)讀,全本(ben)皆然,可見其用(yong)功之深。十三歲時(shi)(shi)(shi),由潤之先(xian)生(sheng)教(jiao)學八股文承破題,兼作(zuo)五(wu)言律詩,潤之先(xian)生(sheng)以天資(zi)穎悟(wu)者目之。
一(yi)九一(yi)〇年,十(shi)四歲時,轉學(xue)于樂(le)都崗子(zi)溝,從學(xue)劉洪(hong)基(ji)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)門(men)下。劉先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系進士劉維(wei)儀次子(zi),清廩(lin)膳生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)員,以(yi)飽學(xue)名于世。經劉先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)講解四書(shu)、五經之(zhi)義,并學(xue)作(zuo)(zuo)詩(shi)文(wen)(wen),學(xue)問(wen)日(ri)進 。得到樂(le)都舊學(xue)名家李(li)蘭(lan)谷先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的好評(ping)。李(li)蔭南貢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)作(zuo)(zuo)《歲寒然后(hou)知松柏之(zhi)后(hou)凋也(ye)(ye)義》,文(wen)(wen)成批改,得“略(lve)觀一(yi)藝,可造材也(ye)(ye)”評(ping)語。
一九一三年(nian)(nian)(nian),碾(nian)伯(bo)縣(xian)(xian)高(gao)等(deng)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂改(gai)為第一高(gao)等(deng)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),先生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)是(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)春入學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),受(shou)教(jiao)(jiao)于(yu)(yu)李生(sheng)(sheng)香、謝(xie)(xie)善(shan)述(shu)門下。謝(xie)(xie)善(shan)述(shu)(一八(ba)六(liu)二——一九二五),字(zi)子(zi)元(yuan)。光(guang)緒十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(一八(ba)八(ba)五年(nian)(nian)(nian))拔貢 ,光(guang)緒十九年(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)民(min)和、平涼等(deng)地任教(jiao)(jiao),又在(zai)蘭州(zhou)(zhou)就(jiu)讀(du)師范,回鄉(xiang)任教(jiao)(jiao)。李生(sheng)(sheng)香(一八(ba)七一—一九四四年(nian)(nian)(nian)),字(zi)蘭谷(gu),幼讀(du)私塾(shu),每(mei)試名列前茅(mao),蘭州(zhou)(zhou)會試,中第一名廩膳秀才,甘肅優級(ji)師范畢業(ye)。二人均為樂都教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)界名人,《樂都縣(xian)(xian)志》中有傳。先生(sheng)(sheng)受(shou)其教(jiao)(jiao)導,受(shou)益良多。一生(sheng)(sheng)酷愛(ai)文史,得力于(yu)(yu)此。在(zai)高(gao)級(ji)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)期間,除學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)各科知識外,特別通讀(du)司馬光(guang)《 資治通鑒(jian)》一部。家(jia)存(cun)《通鑒(jian)》一部,圈點批語,滿篇皆是(shi)。精彩段落,皆能背誦(song)。嘗與同 學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)以某(mou)(mou)事(shi)件出于(yu)(yu)書之某(mou)(mou)頁(ye)打賭,先生(sheng)(sheng)均勝之。至老猶能敘說各歷(li)史大(da)事(shi)本末(mo),絲毫(hao)不爽(shuang)。史學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)根底甚(shen)深,于(yu)(yu)此可見。至一九一六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)冬畢業(ye),名列第一。因家(jia)寒未升學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),旋(xuan)于(yu)(yu)樂都大(da)灣塘、長(chang)里堡任小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)員,集攢(zan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)費,準備深造(zao)。
一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)春,時(shi)(shi)年(nian)二(er)十三歲(sui),考入甘肅第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)師范。在報考七百(bai)多人中(zhong),名(ming)(ming)列甲等第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming) 。在校期(qi)間充任(ren)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)自(zi)治(zhi)會(hui)會(hui)長,時(shi)(shi)值“五四”運動時(shi)(shi)期(qi),率(lv)領同學(xue)(xue)在蘭州宣(xuan)傳抵制日貨(huo),反(fan)對(dui)賣國(guo),表現出(chu)高度的(de)(de)愛國(guo)精(jing)神。甘肅第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)師范會(hui)萃教(jiao)(jiao)育界名(ming)(ming)人,校長楊漢公(gong),北京大學(xue)(xue)畢業;國(guo)文(wen)教(jiao)(jiao)師何(he)洪(hong)基,北京大學(xue)(xue)畢業;張映川,清翰林;經學(xue)(xue)老(lao)師張林炎,清翰林。各教(jiao)(jiao)師均能認真(zhen)負責,嚴(yan)肅執教(jiao)(jiao)。校風優良,為全(quan)省(sheng)冠(guan)。先生(sheng)勤奮力(li)學(xue)(xue),深得各教(jiao)(jiao)師器重(zhong)。每天(tian)黎明即起,到(dao)室外(wai)專心朗讀,這種晨讀習慣,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直保持到(dao)晚年(nian)。在以后的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)書(shu)歲(sui)月中(zhong),他每天(tian)早晨,總要誦讀四書(shu)、五經、諸子百(bai)家(jia)(jia)。退休在家(jia)(jia)時(shi)(shi),仍然如此。年(nian)過七十,猶能一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)口氣背完老(lao)子《道(dao)德經》。作文(wen)書(shu)法(fa),皆(jie)擅其(qi)長。在一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)師所寫(xie)五大本作文(wen),篇(pian)篇(pian)綿繡,批(pi)語多加贊美(mei)之辭(ci)。且字(zi)體秀美(mei),堪為書(shu)范。先生(sheng)在極(ji)其(qi)困苦的(de)(de)情況下(xia)讀書(shu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)二(er)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian),甘肅大饉,哀鴻遍(bian)野,本省(sheng)銀行(xing)發行(xing)的(de)(de)銀票,價格(ge)驟落(luo),助學(xue)(xue)金不敷伙食費開(kai)支,常常受饑挨餓(e)。就是在這種情況下(xia),他仍節約出(chu)錢購書(shu)。家(jia)(jia)中(zhong)藏(zang)書(shu)萬卷(juan),有很大一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部分就是他在這時(shi)(shi)購買的(de)(de)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)二(er)二(er)年(nian)冬畢業,即回鄉任(ren)教(jiao)(jiao),開(kai)始了他一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)書(shu)生(sheng)涯。
先生(sheng)于一九(jiu)(jiu)二(er)(er)三(san)年(nian)任教(jiao)碾伯縣(xian)(xian)巴(ba)州高(gao)等(deng)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),充任校(xiao)長(chang)(chang)之職(zhi)。一九(jiu)(jiu)二(er)(er)四(si)年(nian)受同學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)吳邦振先生(sheng)聘,充任馬蓮溝小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)長(chang)(chang)。課外給學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)講《古(gu)文筆法》、《春秋左(zuo)傳(chuan)》,深受學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)歡(huan)迎(ying) ,遠方來學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者頗多,一時校(xiao)風大(da)振,省督(du)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)視察,登報(bao)表揚。一九(jiu)(jiu)二(er)(er)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)縣(xian)(xian)教(jiao)育局調先生(sheng)到樂都縣(xian)(xian)立第三(san)高(gao)等(deng)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)任教(jiao),一九(jiu)(jiu)三(san)二(er)(er)年(nian)由康善堂校(xiao)長(chang)(chang)聘為(wei)甘肅永登縣(xian)(xian)窯(yao)街高(gao)小(xiao)教(jiao)員,是為(wei)永登縣(xian)(xian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之始。
一九三(san)(san)三(san)(san)年(nian)受(shou)石韞璽校(xiao)(xiao)長聘,任(ren)永(yong)(yong)登(deng)紅山嘴初小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)員(yuan)。斯校(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)立多年(nian),因(yin)教(jiao)員(yuan)未得其人,頗形廢(fei)弛。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)任(ren)教(jiao)后(hou)(hou),校(xiao)(xiao)風大振,深得當地父(fu)老愛戴,先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)亦頗欣慰。開學時撰(zhuan)聯云(yun)(yun):“初級復興,只期文(wen)光映(ying)浩水(shui);小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)校(xiao)(xiao)又設,滿望化(hua)雨潤(run)紅山。”一九三(san)(san)六(liu)年(nian),受(shou)一師(shi)同學榮得明先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)聘,任(ren)永(yong)(yong)登(deng)樂山小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)學教(jiao)員(yuan)。在(zai)該校(xiao)(xiao)任(ren)職五年(nian),遠方來學者(zhe)(zhe),多于(yu)本村學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),當地群眾 一再挽留先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),他(ta)寫校(xiao)(xiao)門(men)聯云(yun)(yun):“三(san)(san)載重(zhong)來,父(fu)老尊師(shi)獨尊吾;一枝仍借,童蒙求(qiu)我(wo)不(bu)求(qiu)人。”其自豪如此(ci)。一九四(si)二(er)年(nian),受(shou)駱中三(san)(san)校(xiao)(xiao)長聘,任(ren)永(yong)(yong)登(deng)馬蓮灘(tan)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)學教(jiao)員(yuan),兼樂山小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)學校(xiao)(xiao)長 。其所教(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)學畢業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)考入(ru)永(yong)(yong)登(deng)中學者(zhe)(zhe)很多,解放(fang)后(hou)(hou)上大學者(zhe)(zhe)亦不(bu)少(shao)。是年(nian)其子李培業(ye)遠離(li)家(jia)鄉,跟隨先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)永(yong)(yong)登(deng)上學,其后(hou)(hou)一直在(zai)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)身邊(bian)就讀,到(dao)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)學畢業(ye)為止。
一九四四年(nian)(nian),樂(le)(le)都(dou)石嘴(zui)村成立高等(deng)小(xiao)學,在家鄉父老再三要求下(xia),先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)回到(dao)故鄉,在石嘴(zui)完(wan)(wan)小(xiao)任教(jiao)(jiao)導主任。于(yu)是北山、河南(nan)各(ge)地學生(sheng)(sheng)聞(wen)之(zhi),紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)來校(xiao)就讀,幾致該(gai)校(xiao)容納不(bu)下(xia),不(bu)得不(bu)擴大校(xiao)舍,一時石嘴(zui)完(wan)(wan)小(xiao)引起樂(le)(le)都(dou)教(jiao)(jiao)育界注目。從此(ci)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)聲譽日高,各(ge)地紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)來聘(pin)。時蘭州學友,樂(le)(le)都(dou)縣(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)育名家李景白(bai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng),任碾伯(bo)東(dong)關完(wan)(wan)小(xiao)校(xiao)長,此(ci)校(xiao)即(ji)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)當年(nian)(nian)所讀的碾伯(bo)縣(xian)第一高等(deng)小(xiao)學。經李景白(bai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)多次登(deng)門聘(pin)請(qing),先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)即(ji)赴碾伯(bo)東(dong)關完(wan)(wan)小(xiao)任教(jiao)(jiao),時在一九四五年(nian)(nian)二(er)月。
先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)于經(jing)史(shi),解放前在(zai)各(ge)校任(ren)教(jiao)(jiao),除(chu)教(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)所規(gui)定課(ke)程外(wai),特加(jia)“經(jing)學(xue)(xue)(xue)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)科。每日一(yi)(yi)(yi)課(ke)時,分四(si)書(shu)(shu)、五(wu)經(jing)兩班,復式(shi)上課(ke),先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)親授(shou)之。學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)朗誦(song)之聲不絕,嚴(yan)如私塾,是二十世(shi)紀 三(san)四(si)十年(nian)(nian)代的特有現象。給高(gao)年(nian)(nian)級學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)講(jiang)《古文(wen)筆法》、《左傳》、《史(shi)記》名(ming)篇(pian),故(gu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)門下(xia)弟(di)(di)(di)子,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般文(wen)史(shi)知(zhi)識水平獨高(gao)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)家(jia)庭(ting)成員(yuan)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)亦(yi)甚用(yong)力(li)。弟(di)(di)(di)兄六人,先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)居長(chang)(chang)。五(wu)個弟(di)(di)(di)弟(di)(di)(di),皆受其教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu),文(wen)史(shi)功底均好。對(dui)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)特別尊敬,以嚴(yan)師(shi)視之。大(da)弟(di)(di)(di)鴻書(shu)(shu),隨先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)灣塘、巴州小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)讀書(shu)(shu),后(hou)在(zai)縣(xian)師(shi)范講(jiang)習(xi)(xi)科畢(bi)業(ye),任(ren)小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)多(duo)年(nian)(nian),參(can)加(jia)國民(min)革(ge)命軍(jun)馮玉祥(xiang)部隊,任(ren)營部軍(jun)需官,于一(yi)(yi)(yi)九二九年(nian)(nian)卒于陜西大(da)荔縣(xian)。二弟(di)(di)(di)鴻逵,幼(you)時受其教(jiao)(jiao)導,畢(bi)業(ye)于師(shi)范講(jiang)習(xi)(xi)科,一(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)從(cong)(cong)事小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)。三(san)弟(di)(di)(di)鴻陸(lu)亦(yi)曾隨其讀書(shu)(shu),畢(bi)業(ye)于樂(le)(le)都中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue),先(xian)(xian)(xian)從(cong)(cong)事教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)九四(si)八年(nian)(nian)樂(le)(le)都縣(xian)成立參(can)議會,選舉為參(can)議長(chang)(chang)。(見《樂(le)(le)都縣(xian)志》),“文(wen)革(ge)”后(hou),任(ren)樂(le)(le)都縣(xian)政協委員(yuan)。四(si)弟(di)(di)(di)鴻鈞,一(yi)(yi)(yi)九三(san)二年(nian)(nian)隨先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就讀窯街高(gao)小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)畢(bi)業(ye),樂(le)(le)都中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)初中(zhong)畢(bi)業(ye)后(hou),考入青(qing)海(hai)師(shi)范。一(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)任(ren)教(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)。五(wu)弟(di)(di)(di)鴻銘,在(zai)石嘴完小(xiao)(xiao)受先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu),后(hou)升入樂(le)(le)都中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue),一(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)從(cong)(cong)事農業(ye)。長(chang)(chang)子培業(ye),小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)全受先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指導,課(ke)余教(jiao)(jiao)讀四(si)書(shu)(shu)、五(wu)經(jing),一(yi)(yi)(yi)直到(dao)解放后(hou)為止,達十年(nian)(nian)之久。侄李堉(yu)業(ye),小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)讀書(shu)(shu)時,亦(yi)受先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)導。總之,先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)弟(di)(di)(di)弟(di)(di)(di)、子侄輩成長(chang)(chang),起了決定性作用(yong),實開一(yi)(yi)(yi)代之新(xin)家(jia)風,他的貢獻是很(hen)大(da)的。
先生自一(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)五年(nian)(nian)起(qi),在課余(yu)研(yan)治《西夏(xia)李氏世譜》。后又研(yan)究西夏(xia)史,不問(wen)寒(han)暑,五十年(nian)(nian)如一(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri),成果頗豐。一(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)六五年(nian)(nian)農村社教 ,因(yin)寫家譜而羅織罪(zui)名,遭殘酷(ku)斗爭(zheng)。“文革 ”中尤甚。家中萬卷藏書,被“紅衛(wei)兵(bing)”付(fu)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)炬。先生愛書如命,目睹此景(jing),痛哭不已,幾致(zhi)大病,竟于(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)七二年(nian)(nian)三月十六日(ri)與世長辭,享年(nian)(nian)七十六歲。
其一生(sheng)所(suo)收集和(he)(he)撰(zhuan)寫(xie)家(jia)譜有十(shi)五(wu)部,調(diao)查(cha)材(cai)料和(he)(he)拓(tuo)印碑志(zhi)累(lei)累(lei),藏(zang)于(yu)(yu)家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)。一九(jiu)(jiu)六四年社教(jiao)開始,他預知(zhi)家(jia)譜厄運來(lai)臨,便將石嘴家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)存(cun)(cun)十(shi)部家(jia)譜,秘密轉送到親戚(qi)處保存(cun)(cun)。一九(jiu)(jiu)七○年,又秘密拿回家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong),密藏(zang)于(yu)(yu)南墻夾皮中(zhong)(zhong),連家(jia)人(ren)都未(wei)知(zhi)曉。黑古城所(suo)藏(zang)五(wu)部家(jia)譜,在(zai)“文革”中(zhong)(zhong)燒毀或遺失,特別是其調(diao)查(cha)材(cai)料數包(內有李英、李文碑文拓(tuo)片)焚毀無存(cun)(cun),是一巨(ju)大損(sun)失。
先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)逝世之(zhi)前一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue),其(qi)子李(li)培業由陜西(xi)回(hui)家(jia)(jia)守護(hu)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)頭腦清醒(xing),終(zhong)日(ri)歷(li)數祖(zu)先(xian)事跡(ji),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)如列眼前,言一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)治譜(pu)(pu)(pu),未遇知(zhi)音(yin),晚年又因此遭禍,不(bu)堪回(hui)首。邊(bian)(bian)說(shuo)邊(bian)(bian)哭,淚如泉涌。聞者莫不(bu)悲(bei)痛。至(zhi)臨(lin)終(zhong)前三(san)天(tian),他(ta)(ta)(ta)似(si)乎(hu)見到(dao)了(le)家(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)命運的(de)(de)光(guang)明就(jiu)要到(dao)來(lai)。突然(ran)對(dui)其(qi)子說(shuo):“十(shi)部家(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu),密藏于南墻中,我一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)心(xin)血(xue),全在于此,先(xian)祖(zu)無罪,令(ling)我子孫(sun)永保存之(zhi),家(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)是消滅(mie)不(bu)了(le)的(de)(de)。”接(jie)著他(ta)(ta)(ta)背誦(song)李(li)英神道(dao)碑文全文,以示銘刻不(bu)忘。當他(ta)(ta)(ta)朗誦(song)至(zhi)“猗歟李(li)氏,世長(chang)西(xi)土(tu),休光(guang)偉烈(lie),昭(zhao)耀千古”時,神采風(feng)揚,眼中炯炯有光(guang)。當念到(dao)“巴原奧區(qu),山川鞏固,伉儷并葬,以篤終(zhong)祜”時神態黯然(ran)。讀(du)完后(hou),長(chang)嘆一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聲說(shuo):“會(hui)寧伯太爺,我見您(nin)來(lai)了(le)。” 說(shuo)完后(hou),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)閉口無言,直(zhi)到(dao)三(san)日(ri)后(hou)逝世。其(qi)對(dui)列祖(zu)列宗敬(jing)仰之(zhi)情,何等強烈(lie),其(qi)對(dui)祖(zu)先(xian)歷(li)史研究(jiu)之(zhi)堅忍(ren)不(bu)拔精神令(ling)人(ren)(ren)振奮,其(qi)奮身保護(hu)家(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)的(de)(de)英勇事跡(ji),震撼著李(li)氏后(hou)代的(de)(de)心(xin)靈!他(ta)(ta)(ta)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個為(wei)歷(li)史學(xue)而(er)獻身的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren),須知(zhi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)最后(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部家(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu),就(jiu)完成于極左的(de)(de)六十(shi)年代!
先生(sheng)(sheng)自幼即對(dui)祖(zu)先歷史(shi)發生(sheng)(sheng)興趣,他說:“儀八(ba)九(jiu)歲時(shi)(shi)(shi),見族中長者(zhe)(zhe),聚談先世事(shi)跡,竊喜我(wo)祖(zu)我(wo)宗,功業聲聞(wen),非(fei)特傳(chuan)之口碑,即昭(zhao)耀典冊(ce)者(zhe)(zhe),莫不家傳(chuan)而戶曉。”(《新修六門(men)家譜自序》,一(yi)九(jiu)二七年(nian))在(zai)高小讀(du)書(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi),尤對(dui)史(shi)學(xue)殊(shu)感興趣。除通讀(du)《資(zi)治(zhi)通鑒》外,即對(dui)家藏《李氏六門(men)家譜》開始進(jin)(jin)行研究。據《海東李氏家譜》(一(yi)九(jiu)二三年(nian))李承襄序中稱:“余早識寶亭族兄,為(wei)人光明磊落,富有膽(dan)識,承先伯(bo)得志嗣。舍侄(zhi)鴻儀者(zhe)(zhe)是其子也。性嗜學(xue),從明師,親益友(you),卒乃出其所學(xue),以促(cu)進(jin)(jin)教育,灌輸文化為(wei)己任,今乃纂敘譜牒,閱時(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)載。 其報本之心(xin),非(fei)誠至極,豈(qi)能若(ruo)是哉!”則知先生(sheng)(sheng)于一(yi)九(jiu)一(yi)五年(nian)在(zai)高小讀(du)書(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi),已開始研究家譜。
一(yi)九一(yi)六(liu)年(nian)高(gao)(gao)小畢業后(hou),充大灣塘小學教(jiao)員,又得到王學尹先生纂修(xiu)的(de)《李氏家乘》,成(cheng)為(wei)他研(yan)究家譜(pu)的(de)基本材(cai)料(liao)。他在(zai)《李氏家乘》的(de)“說明(ming)”中寫到:民國丙辰冬(一(yi)九一(yi)六(liu)年(nian) )儀畢業于碾伯高(gao)(gao)小校(xiao)(xiao),昱(yu)年(nian)受族祖(zu)蘭谷老師命(ming)及族叔(shu)潤(run)之(zhi)督學聘,充大灣塘國民學校(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)員 ,開校(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)三月與族中人不論尊卑,有(you)見面相識(shi)之(zhi)誼(yi),時(shi)有(you)吾六(liu)門高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)父貢生蔭(yin)武者頻(pin)來(lai)學校(xiao)(xiao),談祖(zu)先歷史(shi),因執此(ci)稿本授予,并命(ming)之(zhi)曰:“祖(zu)先事跡(ji),備錄在(zai)內,宜牢守之(zhi),永(yong)作后(hou)世(shi)修(xiu)譜(pu)嚆矢(shi)。”為(wei)了進一(yi)步(bu)展開家譜(pu)的(de)研(yan)究,從此(ci),先生已注意(yi)收集史(shi)料(liao)。
一(yi)(yi)九一(yi)(yi)九年先生(sheng)考入甘(gan)(gan)肅第(di)一(yi)(yi)師范(fan),因(yin)先生(sheng)品學兼(jian)優,且(qie)長(chang)(chang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)學,在李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong),聲(sheng)譽(yu)遠(yuan)播,得(de)到(dao)當時(shi)東府(fu)最后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)位土司(si)(si)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)承襄的(de)賞(shang)識。寒暑假回家(jia)(jia),來往步(bu)行,途經(jing)(jing)民(min)和縣上(shang)川口,常往土司(si)(si)公署。翻閱(yue)土司(si)(si)官譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(今藏(zang)民(min)和縣檔案館),為(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)先開拓青海事跡所感動。但同時(shi)又不可解的(de)是堂(tang)堂(tang)土司(si)(si)官譜(pu)(pu)(pu),竟然(ran)將拓跋(ba)思(si)恭(gong)敘為(wei)(wei)晉王(wang)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)克用的(de)后(hou)(hou)裔,鬧(nao)出張冠(guan)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)戴的(de)大(da)笑(xiao)話(hua),關于(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)段實情(qing),在他二十(shi)年后(hou)(hou)寫的(de)《西(xi)夏(xia)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)序》(一(yi)(yi)九三七(qi)年)中(zhong)有詳細記 述。今錄如下:“民(min)國(guo)庚申(shen)春(一(yi)(yi)九二○年),余(yu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)甘(gan)(gan)肅第(di)一(yi)(yi)師范(fan)肆業,時(shi)有翰林(lin)筱梧張林(lin)炎夫子,金(jin)城人也(ye) ,負授經(jing)(jing)史(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責,尤以(yi)(yi)長(chang)(chang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)學稱。因(yin)捧(peng)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)牒,乞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)序,翻閱(yue)畢(bi),夫子以(yi)(yi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)系錯(cuo)訛(e)不確辭 ,余(yu)亦(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚惑焉。及(ji)暑假旋里,道經(jing)(jing)享堂(tang),親謁祖(zu)(zu)墓,詳錄碑銘(ming)。始知(zhi)(zhi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)載(zai)晉王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe),不免以(yi)(yi)訛(e)傳訛(e)矣。……于(yu)(yu)(yu)是遠(yuan)搜(sou)近采,廣為(wei)(wei)裒集,詳閱(yue)魏書本紀,隋唐各(ge)(ge)(ge)書黨項傳,五代史(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)仁福傳,宋、遼、金(jin)各(ge)(ge)(ge)史(shi)(shi)(shi)夏(xia)國(guo)傳,元史(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)恒、李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)察汗傳,明(ming)史(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)英傳與甘(gan)(gan)肅新通志西(xi)寧(ning)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)土司(si)(si)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)百(bai)戶(hu)等土族(zu)(zu)(zu)志。并參(can)看家(jia)(jia)存西(xi)寧(ning)衛右(you)千戶(hu)所、世(shi)(shi)(shi)襲(xi)(xi)(xi)鎮撫(fu)、世(shi)(shi)(shi)襲(xi)(xi)(xi)百(bai)戶(hu)、世(shi)(shi)(shi)襲(xi)(xi)(xi)千戶(hu)、前(qian)千 戶(hu)所世(shi)(shi)(shi)襲(xi)(xi)(xi)鎮撫(fu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)親供號紙,旁(pang)及(ji)稗官野(ye)史(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)記載(zai),各(ge)(ge)(ge)門重(zhong)修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu),經(jing)(jing)十(shi)余(yu)寒暑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)考究。列為(wei)(wei)圖考,編(bian)成西(xi)夏(xia)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)。凡各(ge)(ge)(ge)史(shi)(shi)(shi)乘確鑿者(zhe)(zhe)原錄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),世(shi)(shi)(shi)系錯(cuo)訛(e)者(zhe)(zhe)訂(ding)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),原譜(pu)(pu)(pu)殘缺(que)者(zhe)(zhe)補充之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),世(shi)(shi)(shi)系中(zhong)斷(duan)者(zhe)(zhe)完善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。使我(wo)(wo)族(zu)(zu)(zu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)譜(pu)(pu)(pu),燦(can)然(ran)詳備(bei),以(yi)(yi)免今后(hou)(hou)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)譏誚,后(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)起(qi)者(zhe)(zhe),覽圖考,閱(yue)世(shi)(shi)(shi)譜(pu)(pu)(pu),知(zhi)(zhi)我(wo)(wo)罪我(wo)(wo),亦(yi)(yi)聽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)已。”先生(sheng)為(wei)(wei)恢復李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)本來面目,為(wei)(wei)發揚光大(da)祖(zu)(zu)先立功創業的(de)精神而(er)孜孜不倦地(di)奮斗了一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)。
先生(sheng)所(suo)寫(xie)譜牒不(bu)(bu)下(xia)二三十種,河(he)湟李氏族中,到(dao)處可(ke)見(jian),雖經“文革(ge)”之災。仍保存下(xia)來不(bu)(bu)少。考其寫(xie)作經過,大致(zhi)可(ke)分(fen)三個階段(duan)。
第(di)一(yi)階段為二(er)十年代。此一(yi)階段他主要工作是(shi)以享堂(tang)會(hui)寧伯李英(ying)碑(bei)文(wen)為據(ju),修正土司官譜(pu)之(zhi)謬誤。完成(cheng)兩部家(jia)譜(pu),即《海東(dong)李氏家(jia)譜(pu)》(一(yi)九(jiu)二(er)三年)及(ji)《海東(dong)李氏家(jia)乘》(一(yi)九(jiu)二(er)五年)。他經過詳(xiang)細考證,第(di)一(yi)次提出了(le)李土司系西(xi)夏皇族后裔的觀點,駁斥了(le)川口土司族 譜(pu)的沙陀(tuo)晉王(wang)(wang)說。在(zai)所修纂(zuan)的家(jia)譜(pu)中完全刪(shan)除了(le)沙陀(tuo)晉王(wang)(wang)的世系。
第二階(jie)段(duan)為三十年代。此(ci)階(jie)段(duan)主要工作是更廣(guang)泛(fan)地收(shou)集資料。特別發現了(le)(le)明(ming)代的(de)更多史(shi)料 ,如家(jia)譜(pu)序言、中府鎮撫、千戶供狀,為西(xi)夏說找到了(le)(le)更有(you)力(li)的(de)證(zheng)據。且對世系表作了(le)(le)更多 的(de)補充,完成(cheng)了(le)(le)《西(xi)夏李氏世譜(pu)》(一(yi)九(jiu)三七(qi)年),由此(ci)最終確(que)立了(le)(le)區別于土(tu)司官譜(pu)的(de)另(ling)一(yi)家(jia)譜(pu)系統。實際(ji)上(shang)是恢復(fu)了(le)(le)明(ming)代家(jia)譜(pu)的(de)內容。對于《西(xi)夏李氏世譜(pu)》將有(you)專(zhuan)文(wen)介紹。(參看本(ben) 書“前言”)
第三(san)階(jie)段(duan)是四十(shi)年代、五(wu)(wu)十(shi)年代。此階(jie)段(duan)先(xian)(xian)生擴大研究領域(yu),致(zhi)力于西(xi)夏史(shi)(shi)研究。一(yi)九(jiu)四 五(wu)(wu)年先(xian)(xian)生在碾伯完小任(ren)教時,得讀樂都中學(xue)所藏(zang)的二十(shi)四史(shi)(shi)、甘肅(su)新通(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)、西(xi)寧府(fu)志(zhi)(zhi)及其(qi)它地方志(zhi)(zhi)。一(yi)九(jiu)五(wu)(wu)三(san)年,其(qi)子(zi)李培業(ye)考入西(xi)北大學(xue),遵先(xian)(xian)生之命(ming),利(li)用西(xi)北大學(xue)圖(tu)書(shu)館藏(zang)書(shu), 抄(chao)錄很多西(xi)夏史(shi)(shi)料供先(xian)(xian)生研究。他下了很大功夫,抄(chao)錄匯集成《西(xi)夏實(shi)錄》一(yi)部。他在全面研究西(xi)夏史(shi)(shi)后,撰成《西(xi)夏史(shi)(shi)略》一(yi)部,共四冊,藏(zang)于樂都黑古城家中,惜“文革”中遺失 ,不(bu)知是否尚在人間!
綜觀先生(sheng)研(yan)究家譜過程(cheng),始則為了(le)恢復李(li)氏歷史(shi)(shi)真(zhen)面目,繼而進行深入研(yan)究,完成(cheng)《西夏李(li)氏世譜》,最(zui)后把(ba)研(yan)究范(fan)圍(wei)擴(kuo)展(zhan)到整個西夏史(shi)(shi)領域,想取得更大成(cheng)就。解放后,生(sheng)活條件(jian)改善,圖(tu)書資料容易求得,以先生(sheng)文史(shi)(shi)功底,繼續(xu)研(yan)究,定能(neng)取得想像的成(cheng)果。可惜天運不佳,屢遭災厄,最(zui)后竟抱著遺(yi)憾(han),在“文革(ge)”中與世長(chang)辭(ci)了(le)。
先生研究家(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)從一(yi)開始就是(shi)為(wei)了(le)(le)恢復西(xi)(xi)夏李(li)(li)氏(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史本來面目(mu)。所以(yi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)治譜(pu)(pu)原則是(shi)實事求是(shi)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo):“世(shi)之(zhi)作譜(pu)(pu)者,往(wang)往(wang)攀援(yuan)仕官(guan)(guan),附會名(ming)流,輒曰(yue):吾宗即某卿之(zhi)支(zhi)派(pai), 某相之(zhi)箕裘也。而不知譜(pu)(pu)者,貴譜(pu)(pu)其實耳(er)。若(ruo)于(yu)杳冥慌恍中(zhong),遠引繁稱,適以(yi)絕其類,亂其宗,不如不譜(pu)(pu)耳(er)。”他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)在(zai)這里(li)指出了(le)(le)一(yi)般家(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)攀高附會的(de)(de)(de)(de)弊端,而自(zi)己務必(bi)去(qu)其弊而正本清(qing)(qing)源。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)為(wei)了(le)(le)弄清(qing)(qing)李(li)(li)土(tu)司(si)族源,廣泛地(di)進行調查(cha)研究,除參閱(yue)《二十四史》、《資(zi)治通鑒(jian)》外 ,并大(da)量(liang)閱(yue)讀各(ge)種(zhong)地(di)方志(zhi)及(ji)族中(zhong)所存(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)司(si)、千戶(hu)、百戶(hu)等各(ge)種(zhong)供狀(zhuang),旁及(ji)稗官(guan)(guan)野史,各(ge)門重修之(zhi)家(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu),特別(bie)是(shi)親(qin)謁各(ge)處祖(zu)(zu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),拓印各(ge)處碑(bei)銘,下了(le)(le)很大(da)功夫(fu)。樂都老鴉峽鸚哥咀(ju)古石刻,中(zhong)撫(fu)鎮撫(fu)祖(zu)(zu)墳墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)碑(bei),高陽伯(bo)李(li)(li)文墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志(zhi)銘都由(you)(you)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)親(qin)自(zi)調查(cha)抄錄而得以(yi)保存(cun)(cun),現此種(zhong)文物皆 毀滅(mie)無(wu)存(cun)(cun),幸由(you)(you)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)抄錄,給李(li)(li)氏(shi)族源問題,增添了(le)(le)珍貴資(zi)料。最(zui)為(wei)可貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)在(zai)永登教書時 , 親(qin)自(zi)騎馬去(qu)涼州拓印《護國(guo)寺感應塔碑(bei)》,來回往(wang)返千里(li),其精神甚為(wei)感人。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)還繪制了(le)(le)各(ge)個祖(zu)(zu)瑩墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)圖,標明所葬(zang)各(ge)祖(zu)(zu)先名(ming)諱,特別(bie)是(shi)享(xiang)堂墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)圖,給我們(men)留下了(le)(le)真實材(cai)料,徹(che)底否定了(le)(le)系晉王墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法。現墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)碑(bei)及(ji)墳冢全部毀滅(mie)無(wu)存(cun)(cun),我們(men)只(zhi)有(you)(you)靠他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)繪制的(de)(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)圖,來想像當(dang)年墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群之(zhi)盛狀(zhuang)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)不僅參考李(li)(li)氏(shi)各(ge)門家(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu),并親(qin)自(zi)查(cha)閱(yue)祁(qi)土(tu)司(si)、魯土(tu)司(si)、阿(a)土(tu)司(si)等外姓家(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu),若(ruo)有(you)(you)與李(li)(li)氏(shi)有(you)(you)關者,皆一(yi)一(yi)錄之(zhi)于(yu)譜(pu)(pu),豐(feng)富(fu)了(le)(le)家(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)內容。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)訪問各(ge)地(di)遺(yi)老,詢(xun)問祖(zu)(zu)先事跡,特別(bie) 查(cha)清(qing)(qing)了(le)(le)中(zhong)府世(shi)系,為(wei)全面反(fan)映西(xi)(xi)夏后裔的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展情況做了(le)(le)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作。
先生(sheng)對家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用,在(zai)(zai)三十(shi)年(nian)代就(jiu)提(ti)出可(ke)以(yi)補國(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)不足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點,他(ta)說:“余思之(zhi)(zhi),家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo),非徒志孝(xiao)友睦(mu)姻任恤之(zhi)(zhi)行,尊(zun)祖敬(jing)宗(zong)收族(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)誼已(yi)也,尤可(ke)以(yi)助國(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)不及。語(yu)曰(yue):民(min)(min)(min)為邦本(ben),本(ben)固邦寧。凡(fan)民(min)(min)(min)終生(sheng)勞(lao)動,竭彼血汗,以(yi)擴(kuo)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)利益(yi),俾國(guo)勢蒸(zheng)蒸(zheng)日上,社會欣欣發展(zhan),其(qi)功績(ji)為國(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)不逮而應著于簡編,珍藏(zang)諸家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),使(shi)后(hou)世(shi)知之(zhi)(zhi),不致(zhi)湮(yin)沒弗(fu)傳者(zhe),惟譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)是(shi)(shi)賴,是(shi)(shi)故家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)不可(ke)不作(zuo)”。(《西夏李(li)氏世(shi)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)》,一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)三七年(nian))他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這個(ge)觀點為家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)價值作(zuo)了根(gen)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肯定。一(yi)(yi)部家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)史(shi)(shi)(shi),家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)族(zu)、一(yi)(yi)個(ge)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭所(suo)特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化,可(ke)以(yi)說是(shi)(shi)中華(hua)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細胞,它(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)有(you)深廣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人民(min)(min)(min)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)國(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)中只寫對社會有(you)重(zhong) 大(da)貢獻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人物(wu),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)平民(min)(min)(min)百姓是(shi)(shi)不能留于經傳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。但是(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)中除(chu)大(da)奸大(da)惡者(zhe)以(yi)外(wai),不分(fen)貴賤(jian)尊(zun)卑(bei),總(zong)按排行列出,記載著每個(ge)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姓名(ming)和生(sheng)卒年(nian)月,對本(ben)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭發展(zhan)有(you)貢獻者(zhe),還要(yao)專門寫幾筆他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事跡。從全面反映(ying)“人”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)來說,它(ta)(ta)超過了國(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)。對于這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)史(shi)(shi)(shi)”,為何(he)(he)不讓它(ta)(ta)永遠(yuan)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)呢?誠(cheng)然,家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)是(shi)(shi)宗(zong)法制度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產物(wu),但棄其(qi)封建性,修人民(min)(min)(min)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu),為何(he)(he)不可(ke)以(yi)呢?先生(sheng)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)站在(zai)(zai)史(shi)(shi)(shi)學家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)場,來看待家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),在(zai)(zai)他(ta)所(suo)撰(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)中,對勤勞(lao)一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)、耕讀(du)為本(ben)、教子有(you)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷代祖先,不論(lun)其(qi)有(you)無(wu)官位,均要(yao)簡述平生(sheng)事跡,予以(yi)表揚,使(shi)后(hou)世(shi)子孫效法,真(zhen)正起到(dao)了教育后(hou)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。
綜觀(guan)先(xian)生(sheng)一生(sheng),是(shi)(shi)孜孜不(bu)倦(juan)奮斗(dou)的(de)一生(sheng),默默無聞(wen)勤(qin)勞的(de)一生(sheng)。他(ta)(ta)為了追求真理(li)(li),始終(zhong)不(bu)懈地(di)一步步走下去,直到生(sheng)命的(de)最(zui)后(hou)一刻。不(bu)管別人如何議(yi)論,他(ta)(ta)都置之不(bu)理(li)(li),我行(xing)我素。今天(tian)看來,他(ta)(ta)所做的(de)是(shi)(shi)驚天(tian)動(dong)地(di)的(de)事,是(shi)(shi)名垂萬世(shi)的(de)事,但他(ta)(ta)卻不(bu)是(shi)(shi)為了出名,更不(bu)是(shi)(shi)為了取得史學家(jia)的(de)稱號,而是(shi)(shi)為了還歷史本來面目這樣一個簡單的(de)目的(de)。在他(ta)(ta)誕辰一百周年(nian)的(de)時候(hou),他(ta)(ta)費盡心血編(bian)纂的(de)《西夏(xia)李(li)氏世(shi)譜》即(ji)將問世(shi)。視其(qi)成就,我們可(ke)以(yi)毫不(bu)夸(kua)張地(di)稱他(ta)(ta)為民間(jian)西夏(xia)史學家(jia)了!
先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)敦厚,樂于助人(ren)(ren)。淡泊(bo)一生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),不(bu)求仕進。對(dui)腐敗政治尤深惡痛絕。先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)學(xue),多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)在省府(fu)為(wei)(wei)官(guan),多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)次函請他去省府(fu)任(ren)職,先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)嚴詞謝絕,甘為(wei)(wei)貧(pin)苦,不(bu)為(wei)(wei)腐敗政府(fu)服務。終生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)布衣粗(cu)食,只以教書為(wei)(wei)樂事(shi)。一生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清白(bai),未入任(ren)何黨派,遵(zun)訓(xun)“君(jun)子群而不(bu)黨”之(zhi)(zhi)古訓(xun),以自勵(li)之(zhi)(zhi)。在樂都(dou)東(dong)關完(wan)小(xiao)(xiao)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)一件事(shi),顯(xian)出先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)格。當時(shi)碾伯(bo)東(dong)關完(wan)小(xiao)(xiao)集(ji)合(he)了樂都(dou) 有名(ming)小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)教師多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)人(ren)(ren),大家均(jun)以培養英才為(wei)(wei)己(ji)任(ren)。時(shi)值抗日后期(qi),學(xue)校(xiao)倡導愛國精神,多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)唱歌(ge)頌(song)祖國、抗戰到底的(de)(de)振奮(fen)民族精神的(de)(de)歌(ge)曲。先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)更是帶頭高歌(ge),氣概昂(ang)然。時(shi)馬步芳視察,召集(ji)小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)訓(xun)話。訓(xun)話畢,輪流唱歌(ge),南關完(wan)小(xiao)(xiao)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)唱頌(song)揚(yang)馬步芳的(de)(de)歌(ge)曲,而碾伯(bo)東(dong)關完(wan)小(xiao)(xiao)則唱歌(ge)頌(song)祖國歌(ge)曲,馬步芳回去,下令撤換校(xiao)長(chang)李景白(bai),令其親信祁某(mou)任(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)。祁某(mou)不(bu)學(xue)無(wu)術,引(yin)起(qi)全校(xiao)師生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)滿。先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)動學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),要(yao)趕祁某(mou)下臺,后被發(fa)覺,解職回家。石(shi)嘴(zui)父(fu)老又熱烈歡迎他到石(shi)嘴(zui)完(wan)小(xiao)(xiao)任(ren)教。至今(jin)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)們談及此事(shi),非常(chang)敬佩先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)甘屈服惡勢力之(zhi)(zhi)反抗精神。
先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)品(pin)格高尚,一身正(zheng)氣,無論新舊社(she)會,均(jun)表現大無畏(wei)精神,絕不(bu)(bu)(bu)向惡勢力低頭。解放初,先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)在天祝(zhu)云嶺小(xiao)(xiao)學任(ren)校長,縣府一干部下鄉工作,遇先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng),以(yi)(yi)“自(zi)(zi)來紅”居之(zhi),出(chu)言不(bu)(bu)(bu)遜,粗魯異常(chang),先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)己出(chu)身不(bu)(bu)(bu)好而自(zi)(zi)卑,引用毛(mao)主席(xi)話,據理以(yi)(yi)斥之(zhi),該干部理屈辭窮,溜之(zhi)大吉(ji)。六〇年,時先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)退(tui)休居家,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)隊使(shi)其看守(shou)玉(yu)米(mi)地,當玉(yu)米(mi)剛成熟時,社(she)員因饑餓而偷(tou)搬玉(yu)米(mi)棒(bang),先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)體貼民間(jian)痛苦,每遇盜(dao)(dao)者,加以(yi)(yi)勸說,不(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan)映給生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)隊領(ling)導。一次盜(dao)(dao)者撒落(luo)包谷(gu)棒(bang)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge),先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)拾起,送交生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)隊,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)隊反(fan)誣先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)為盜(dao)(dao)者,進行訓(xun)斥。真(zhen)正(zheng)盜(dao)(dao)者看見(jian)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)受屈,從此再不(bu)(bu)(bu)盜(dao)(dao)矣。當我聽到這個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)故事后(hou),深(shen)深(shen)感到先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)何(he)等光明磊(lei)落(luo),其道德(de)品(pin)質何(he)等高尚,故不(bu)(bu)(bu)嫌累贅(zhui),附筆于(yu)此,使(shi)人想見(jian)其為人。
從一九(jiu)四(si)六年起到(dao)一九(jiu)四(si)九(jiu)年,先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)均(jun)在(zai)石嘴完小(xiao)任(ren)教(jiao)。解放后,到(dao)甘肅天祝自治縣云(yun)嶺小(xiao)學任(ren)校長。一九(jiu)五(wu)三(san)年因身體不佳(jia),要求退(tui)休回家。三(san)十年如一日,以培養人才為(wei)己任(ren)。教(jiao)學嚴謹(jin),教(jiao)導(dao)有(you)方(fang)。樂都、永登二縣知識界,出于先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)門下者甚多。