簡要介紹
女山(shan)古(gu)火(huo)山(shan)地質(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan),也(ye)名女山(shan)地質(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan),坐落于(yu)安徽省(sheng)明光(guang)市(shi)東北部女山(shan)湖(hu)鎮(原(yuan)屬邵崗鄉(xiang))境(jing)內,該公(gong)園(yuan)以(yi)女山(shan)古(gu)火(huo)山(shan)地質(zhi)(zhi)地貌為主要(yao)景(jing)觀,有無蚊處、仙人洞(又稱仙居石窟(ku))、玉環池、觀湖(hu)亭、浮石灘、珍珠泉、何老墳、蟠龍(long)樹等景(jing)觀。是集觀光(guang)旅游(you)、娛(yu)樂休閑(xian)、科普(pu)教育和科學考察研究(jiu)為一(yi)體的地質(zhi)(zhi)旅游(you)公(gong)園(yuan)。2004年(nian)元月被安徽省(sheng)國土資源廳批準為首(shou)批省(sheng)級(ji)地質(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)。
地質地貌
女山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)(gu)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地質公(gong)園,坐落(luo)于(yu)女山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湖鎮(原屬(shu)邵崗鄉)境內(nei),位于(yu)明(ming)光市東北部(bu),距市區27公(gong)里(li),女山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為一座(zuo)休眠(mian)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。是(shi)(shi)世界上保存最完整(zheng)的(de)古(gu)(gu)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)口(kou)之一(中(zhong)(zhong)國僅(jin)存兩處,另一處在東北黑(hei)龍江)。火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)口(kou)東西(xi)長1.1公(gong)里(li),南(nan)北寬1公(gong)里(li),海拔101.5米,占地1900畝。女山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)(shi)大自(zi)然留給人類的(de)寶貴財富,具有(you)獨特的(de)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地貌,機構(gou)齊全,特征(zheng)典型(xing),內(nei)容豐富,構(gou)造(zao)組合完整(zheng),是(shi)(shi)觀(guan)測地球結(jie)構(gou)的(de)一面窗戶。從(cong)空(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)瞰女山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),恰似一只玉環(huan)(huan)浮于(yu)水(shui)面,故又稱(cheng)玉環(huan)(huan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)擁有(you)大小景(jing)點二十余處,湖光山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)色,自(zi)然環(huan)(huan)境優美,人文景(jing)觀(guan)豐富,素有(you)“三村環(huan)(huan)抱(bao)一份水(shui),四月蔥蘢千(qian)畝田”之美譽(yu)。
代表景觀
無蚊處
火山氣體噴發物升華出的硫(liu)磺等礦(kuang)物,發出特殊氣體,致使(shi)夏季無蚊(wen)蠅,形成一塊(kuai)獨特的區域。面積約千余平(ping)方米(玉(yu)環山口有奇峰(feng),夏夜安眠(mian)入(ru)朦朧。不是(shi)硫(liu)磺強烈味,哪能(neng)此處(chu)無蚊(wen)蟲(chong)。)
仙人洞(又(you)稱仙居石窟)
剖(pou)面由多(duo)層氣孔(kong)狀玄武巖和火山灰沉積相(xiang)間堆積而成,同時(shi)又有多(duo)個(ge)大小形態不同的(de)孔(kong)洞(dong)。該(gai)剖(pou)面是研究女(nv)山晚第三紀(ji)同期性旋(xuan)(xuan)回(hui)火山噴(pen)發提(ti)供絕(jue)佳的(de)場所。(仙人洞(dong)宇久相(xiang)傳,一對仙姑道(dao)學玄;詩中藏名(ming)真絕(jue)妙,雙龍公子費(fei)周旋(xuan)(xuan)。)
玉環池
火(huo)山(shan)(shan)經過多次噴發(fa),火(huo)山(shan)(shan)口破裂擴(kuo)張,加之(zhi)噴發(fa)結束(shu)后(hou),火(huo)山(shan)(shan)熔(rong)巖(yan)自(zi)然冷(leng)卻下(xia)沉,使形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)深淺(qian)不一的凹狀火(huo)山(shan)(shan)口,后(hou)又積水(shui)(shui)成(cheng)(cheng)湖,山(shan)(shan)底自(zi)然形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一座小(xiao)型水(shui)(shui)庫,常年(nian)保持4—6米水(shui)(shui)位,據澳(ao)大利亞及日(ri)本專(zhuan)家測定:該水(shui)(shui)集多種(zhong)礦物(wu)質,久浴此水(shui)(shui)可保健皮膚,可開辟天然的游泳場所,女(nv)山(shan)(shan)天池項目(mu)正在開發(fa)建設之(zhi)中。(約(yue)5畝(mu))
觀湖亭
建于2003年(nian)8月,為六角亭,柱高3.5,亭高7米(mi),為觀女(nv)山湖佳境處,觀湖光山色,千帆(fan)競發,聽漁舟唱晚,心情油然開朗(lang)。
浮石灘
浮石是(shi)一種(zhong)含氣孔狀(zhuang)的玻璃巖石,擲入水中立即浮起,此處(chu)火山熔巖經湖浪淘蝕,形成灘地,可以見到(dao)玄武(wu)巖巖柱狀(zhuang)節理,橄欖石包裹體等現象。(生來麻癩體身(shen)輕(qing),水面顛簸不(bu)下沉(chen);巧手(shou)制成工藝品,供人欣賞身(shen)心怡。)
珍珠泉
斷裂(lie)形(xing)(xing)成六個大小(xiao)不一的扁圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)泉眼,成串珠狀排列,屬(shu)低溫溫泉。
何老墳
傳說為南(nan)京一達(da)官顯貴(gui)死后的墓穴。墓穴為南(nan)北走(zou)向,坐北面南(nan),規模(mo)較(jiao)大(da),后被破壞,現僅(jin)存遺跡。(何(he)公(gong)何(he)必入官迷,崇拜風(feng)水陰(yin)陽師;幻想子(zi)孫居高(gao)位,父子(zi)同埋世間奇(qi)。
蟠龍樹
女(nv)山(shan)最高(gao)(gao)峰正北面山(shan)腳(jiao)下有(you)(you)一個村莊叫小(xiao)林郢,莊前有(you)(you)一棵大樹(shu)(shu)古(gu)黃連木,又名(ming)黃連頭,樹(shu)(shu)干胸圍(wei)3.30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)度21米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)(guan)幅16米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面積(ji) 200多平米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),樹(shu)(shu)齡超過500年,樹(shu)(shu)蔭濃(nong)(nong)密,遮天(tian)蔽日,每當夏季來臨之(zhi)際,引來百鳥(niao)爭鳴,別有(you)(you)情趣。該(gai)樹(shu)(shu)上有(you)(you)異花盤頂,下有(you)(you)古(gu)樹(shu)(shu)盤根,冠(guan)(guan)名(ming)蟠龍(long)樹(shu)(shu)。蟠龍(long)樹(shu)(shu)車(che)輛無法到(dao)達,游(you)人自(zi)北山(shan)頂部(bu)到(dao)達蟠龍(long)樹(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)2公里路(lu)程,來回(hui)得兩個小(xiao)時(shi);從山(shan)下繞路(lu)到(dao)達蟠龍(long)樹(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)4公里路(lu)程,來回(hui)也得兩個小(xiao)時(shi)。所以,女(nv)山(shan)1千(qian)個游(you)客之(zhi)中(zhong)也很少有(you)(you)1個到(dao)達蟠龍(long)樹(shu)(shu)的。據鑒定(ding),已有(you)(you)500多年歷(li)史,該(gai)樹(shu)(shu)為黃連樹(shu)(shu),樹(shu)(shu)高(gao)(gao)21米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),胸高(gao)(gao)21米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),胸圍(wei)3.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),冠(guan)(guan)幅16米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),該(gai)樹(shu)(shu)生長旺盛,樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)(guan)豐滿(man),樹(shu)(shu)根酷似龍(long)爪,實乃罕(han)見。(此株老樹(shu)(shu)不知年,存孝乘涼馬在拴;華蓋龍(long)盤如(ru)巨傘,濃(nong)(nong)蔭蔽日半邊天(tian)。)
民間傳說
女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)因女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而各名,民(min)間(jian)傳說女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)上(shang)原有一(yi)擺渡老人(ren)(ren)(ren),因叉鱉(bie)(bie)十拿九穩,被稱為鱉(bie)(bie)爺(ye)(ye)。鱉(bie)(bie)爺(ye)(ye)有一(yi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)兒,名玉(yu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),生得(de)如花似玉(yu),與漁人(ren)(ren)(ren)龐(pang)(pang)龜(gui)相戀。正值兩人(ren)(ren)(ren)欲擇日成親(qin)之(zhi)時(shi),惡霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)爺(ye)(ye)看中(zhong)了玉(yu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),要娶她做小(xiao)老婆(po),一(yi)天,王(wang)(wang)爺(ye)(ye)帶(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)上(shang)門搶親(qin),與龐(pang)(pang)龜(gui)打了起來,龐(pang)(pang)龜(gui)力大無比,無人(ren)(ren)(ren)近身(shen),王(wang)(wang)爺(ye)(ye)命開(kai)弓(gong)射箭(jian)。當箭(jian)穿透(tou)龐(pang)(pang)龜(gui)胸膛(tang)之(zhi)際,龐(pang)(pang)龜(gui)也將手中(zhong)利箭(jian)擲出,正中(zhong)王(wang)(wang)爺(ye)(ye)心窩。王(wang)(wang)爺(ye)(ye)死了,龐(pang)(pang)龜(gui)倒在船板上(shang),龐(pang)(pang)龜(gui)的尸(shi)體漂到女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)邊(bian)的舊縣(xian)鎮西,長出一(yi)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),人(ren)(ren)(ren)稱龜(gui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),即(ji)現在的凌(ling)云(yun)圩旁(pang)龜(gui)頭咀。玉(yu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)也殉情而死,尸(shi)體漂到湖(hu)邊(bian),長出一(yi)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),便是玉(yu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),即(ji)現在的女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。
保護開發
女山(shan)(shan)古(gu)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)口(kou)(kou)是(shi)(shi)世界上(shang)保存(cun)最完好的(de)古(gu)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)口(kou)(kou)之(zhi)一。女山(shan)(shan)古(gu)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)口(kou)(kou)地質地貌遺跡形成于150萬年(nian)前,其噴(pen)發物的(de)各種流動構造非常明顯,是(shi)(shi)國內新生化玄武巖噴(pen)發中最具代表性(xing)的(de)地區之(zhi)一,有著極高的(de)美學和研(yan)究(jiu)價值。
按照地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)建設要求,明光(guang)市從2001年3月(yue)始終堅持可持續(xu)發(fa)展(zhan),以保護性開(kai)發(fa)為(wei)(wei)重點,在(zai)不破壞原火山(shan)口(kou)地(di)形地(di)貌的基礎上,將女山(shan)開(kai)發(fa)定位(wei)在(zai)集(ji)觀光(guang)旅游(you)、娛樂(le)休閑、科(ke)普教育和科(ke)學考察研究為(wei)(wei)一體的地(di)質(zhi)旅游(you)公(gong)園(yuan)。2004年元月(yue)被安徽省國土資(zi)源廳批(pi)準為(wei)(wei)首批(pi)省級地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)。