平(ping)均海拔4400米,湖面(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)積639739.1畝,屬東(dong)淡西(xi)咸,分布在日土境(jing)多(duo)瑪鄉(xiang)烏江村境(jing)內,距離日土縣城15公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)左右,距離阿里(li)(li)(li)(li)地區(qu)行署(shu)所(suo)在地獅(shi)泉河(he)鎮135公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。全湖面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)604平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),其中(zhong)中(zhong)國境(jing)內為(wei)413平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),約(yue)占(zhan)68.5%;印控克什(shen)米爾地區(qu)為(wei)191平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),約(yue)占(zhan)31.5%;東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)約(yue)150公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),南北平(ping)均寬約(yue)4公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),窄處僅5米,平(ping)均水(shui)深(shen)5米,水(shui)深(shen)41米。
班公(gong)(gong)(gong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)海拔高(gao)度(du)(du)4240米,全(quan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積為(wei)(wei)(wei)604平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,中國(guo)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)有413平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,克(ke)什(shen)米爾境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)191平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。它的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)西狹長(chang)約為(wei)(wei)(wei)150公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,100公(gong)(gong)(gong)里在(zai)中國(guo)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei),50公(gong)(gong)(gong)里在(zai)印占(zhan)克(ke)什(shen)米爾境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei),水(shui)(shui)深為(wei)(wei)(wei)41米,平均水(shui)(shui)深5米,礦(kuang)化度(du)(du)2.16克(ke)/升(sheng),南北平均寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)4公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,是一(yi)條(tiao)典型的(de)(de)(de)河道型湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)。班公(gong)(gong)(gong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)狹長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)體(ti)造(zao)就了獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)景觀效(xiao)果,匯入班公(gong)(gong)(gong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)兩條(tiao)支流麻(ma)嘎(ga)藏(zang)布和多(duo)瑪曲都位于湖(hu)(hu)(hu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)段,淡水(shui)(shui)來源充(chong)分(fen),補給量(liang)大于蒸發(fa)量(liang),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)含(han)鹽(yan)量(liang)維持(chi)在(zai)0.75克(ke)/升(sheng)以內(nei)(nei),使湖(hu)(hu)(hu)體(ti)東(dong)段為(wei)(wei)(wei)淡水(shui)(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu);而中段和西段淡水(shui)(shui)補給量(liang)銳減,加(jia)以中段湖(hu)(hu)(hu)體(ti)窄處只有100-150米寬(kuan)(kuan),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)在(zai)東(dong)西方(fang)向(xiang)上的(de)(de)(de)交替不暢(chang),東(dong)部(bu)(bu)淡水(shui)(shui)很難持(chi)續向(xiang)西補充(chong),使西部(bu)(bu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)蒸發(fa)量(liang)大于補給量(liang),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)含(han)鹽(yan)量(liang)從中部(bu)(bu)向(xiang)西部(bu)(bu)增加(jia)至近20克(ke)/升(sheng),變(bian)成咸(xian)水(shui)(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)。
湖中有十多個大小不等的島嶼(yu),島上約有各種鳥類20多種,數(shu)量多時(shi)可(ke)達數(shu)萬(wan)只,主要(yao)的鳥類有斑(ban)頭(tou)雁(yan)、棕(zong)頭(tou)鷗(ou)、魚鷗(ou)、鳳頭(tou)鴨(ya)、赤麻鴨(ya)等,其中屬斑(ban)頭(tou)雁(yan)和棕(zong)頭(tou)鷗(ou)數(shu)量較多。
班(ban)公(gong)湖是一個魚(yu)類(lei)世界,湖中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)大量水(shui)生植物為魚(yu)類(lei)提供良(liang)好的棲(qi)息場(chang)所。魚(yu)類(lei)品種(zhong)有(you)10余種(zhong)之多。有(you)西藏弓(gong)魚(yu)、高(gao)原(yuan)裸裂究(jiu)魚(yu)、長體(ti)裸體(ti)鯉魚(yu)、裂腹(fu)魚(yu)、細尾高(gao)原(yuan)鰍等。其中(zhong)(zhong)尤以鯉科的裂腹(fu)魚(yu)、亞科的魚(yu)類(lei)為較多。湖中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)西藏特有(you)的裂腹(fu)魚(yu)、裸裂尻魚(yu)等,尤以不生。
班公(gong)湖上(shang)(shang)的(de)鳥(niao)島是鳥(niao)類的(de)天堂,每年的(de)5-8月份,成千上(shang)(shang)萬的(de)鳥(niao)來到鳥(niao)島上(shang)(shang)繁衍后代。遠遠望去,儼(yan)然(ran)是一幅(fu)山(shan)水鳥(niao)語(yu)圖,是人與自然(ran)和諧的(de)體(ti)現。鳥(niao)類主(zhu)要包括(kuo):黑頸(jing)鶴(國家一級(ji)保護動(dong)物)、赤(chi)麻(ma)鴨、棕(zong)頭(tou)鷗(ou)、魚鷗(ou)、斑頭(tou)雁、綠頭(tou)鴨、針尾鴨、紅(hong)頭(tou)潛鴨、白眼(yan)潛鴨等(deng)珍貴鳥(niao)類。
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1、湖(hu)邊(bian)(bian)有(you)客棧和飯館(guan),碼頭的游船也屬于這家,若天氣好,也可以選擇(ze)在湖(hu)邊(bian)(bian)搭帳篷;島(dao)上的鳥蛋是受保(bao)護的,絕對不(bu)可以帶走(zou)。
2、從班(ban)公錯登船可(ke)以繞著鳥島游覽(lan),出于對環境的(de)保護,游人是不允許登島游覽(lan)的(de)。
3、湖畔餐館多以湖中(zhong)特產的(de)西藏裂腹魚為噱頭,雖(sui)然味美,但出(chu)于對物(wu)種的(de)保護,不建議(yi)食用。沒(mei)有買(mai)賣就(jiu)沒(mei)有傷害。
班公湖(hu)是一個由東向西水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)含鹽量(liang)不同(tong)的湖(hu)泊,東部(bu)也就是在我國境內的湖(hu)泊為淡水(shui)湖(hu),中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)為半咸水(shui)湖(hu),西部(bu)為咸水(shui)湖(hu)。
班(ban)公湖(hu)地(di)(di)(di)區位于(yu)青藏高原西部,南北(bei)(bei)跨越多個經歷(li)不同演化(hua)歷(li)史的大(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)構造單元(yuan),分別為(wei)(wei)南羌塘地(di)(di)(di)塊、班(ban)公湖(hu)蛇綠(lv)混雜(za)巖(yan)(yan)帶、北(bei)(bei)岡底(di)斯(si)地(di)(di)(di)塊,中(zhong)特提斯(si)洋盆擴張階(jie)段沉(chen)(chen)積(ji)的地(di)(di)(di)層主(zhu)(zhu)要是晚(wan)三疊紀(ji)世日干配(pei)錯群(qun),巖(yan)(yan)性(xing)組(zu)合以碎屑巖(yan)(yan)和(he)碳(tan)酸(suan)鹽巖(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),夾少量(liang)火山巖(yan)(yan);在洋盆萎縮階(jie)段沉(chen)(chen)積(ji)的地(di)(di)(di)層以侏羅紀(ji)-早(zao)(zao)白(bai)堊世的碎屑巖(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),代表性(xing)地(di)(di)(di)層有木(mu)嘎崗(gang)日群(qun)、多仁組(zu)、日松組(zu)、沙(sha)木(mu)羅組(zu)、多尼組(zu)和(he)郎(lang)山組(zu)等(deng);與此同時,蛇綠(lv)混雜(za)巖(yan)(yan)帶北(bei)(bei)側發育晚(wan)侏羅-早(zao)(zao)白(bai)堊世的島弧型鈣堿性(xing)花(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)類(lei)巖(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)巖(yan)(yan)體,巖(yan)(yan)體大(da)(da)多呈巖(yan)(yan)基、巖(yan)(yan)株產出,為(wei)(wei)班(ban)怒帶北(bei)(bei)向俯沖的產物,而蛇綠(lv)混雜(za)巖(yan)(yan)帶南側北(bei)(bei)岡底(di)斯(si)地(di)(di)(di)塊大(da)(da)規模的中(zhong)酸(suan)性(xing)巖(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)侵(qin)位活動主(zhu)(zhu)要發生在晚(wan)白(bai)堊世,巖(yan)(yan)石組(zu)合為(wei)(wei)花(hua)崗(gang)斑巖(yan)(yan)、花(hua)崗(gang)閃長(chang)(chang)巖(yan)(yan)、閃長(chang)(chang)玢巖(yan)(yan)、石英閃長(chang)(chang)巖(yan)(yan)、英云閃長(chang)(chang)巖(yan)(yan)、二長(chang)(chang)花(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)等(deng)。