資源情況
長白山(shan)東北亞(ya)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)園,擁(yong)有木本和(he)草本植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)300余(yu)種(zhong)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)園以收集保(bao)存我國溫帶及(ji)(ji)其(qi)周(zhou)邊(bian)生態環(huan)境相似地(di)(di)區的(de)野(ye)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)為(wei)主(zhu),重(zhong)點進行珍稀頻危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、特有植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、經濟植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、觀賞植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)環(huan)境修復植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)等類群的(de)分類收集與保(bao)存,并兼顧(gu)國外(wai)重(zhong)要植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)的(de)引種(zhong)、馴化和(he)資源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)掘(jue)利(li)用研(yan)究(jiu)。長白山(shan)東北亞(ya)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)園的(de)建設(she)(she)填補了國內東北區系植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)園建設(she)(she)的(de)空(kong)白,定位(wei)為(wei)國家(jia)戰(zhan)略植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)、基因的(de)儲備(bei)庫,長白山(shan)和(he)全球溫帶地(di)(di)區植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣性(xing)遷地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)與可持續利(li)用研(yan)究(jiu)基地(di)(di),以及(ji)(ji)國家(jia)科(ke)普教育基地(di)(di)。
主要景點
長白山(shan)東(dong)北(bei)亞(ya)(ya)生物(wu)多樣性(xing)保護研究中心、長白山(shan)東(dong)北(bei)亞(ya)(ya)動植(zhi)物(wu)博物(wu)館、濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)、室外植(zhi)物(wu)展(zhan)區(qu)、溫室植(zhi)物(wu)展(zhan)區(qu)、冷室植(zhi)物(wu)展(zhan)示區(qu)、辦公(gong)區(qu)和(he)研究苗(miao)圃八大分區(qu)組成(cheng)。園(yuan)(yuan)內目前以(yi)完整(zheng)的紅松闊葉林生態系統、落葉松濕(shi)地(di)(di)生態系統為主,擁有木本和(he)草本植(zhi)物(wu)300余種(zhong)
開發建設
“長白山東北亞植物園”項目選主要分為科學研究、東北亞植物展示、溫室植物展示和服務保障四大功能分區。項目概算投資80億元人民幣,擬采取PPP模式籌集資金。謝忠巖表示,該項目對于填補國內東(dong)北區系(xi)植物園空(kong)白、支撐吉(ji)林(lin)省東(dong)部(bu)山區綠色轉型(xing)發(fa)(fa)展、為國家“長吉(ji)圖(tu)”戰(zhan)略實施提供生態保障(zhang)、提升(sheng)區域社會福祉(zhi)和(he)促進經濟(ji)可持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展等方面。
重要意義
一是(shi)填(tian)補我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)東(dong)北地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)規(gui)模化(hua)、科研化(hua)的(de)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)園(yuan)空白(bai)。目(mu)前,全世界植物(wu)(wu)(wu)園(yuan)有(you)近2600個,我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)園(yuan)有(you)200多個,但在(zai)東(dong)北地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)尚(shang)無具有(you)一定規(gui)模和(he)較(jiao)強(qiang)科研實力的(de)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)園(yuan)。長白(bai)山是(shi)首批加入聯合國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)教科文(wen)組織“人與生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)圈”網絡的(de)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際A級自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家級示范自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家地(di)(di)質公園(yuan),是(shi)世界上公認的(de)歐亞(ya)大陸(lu)北半(ban)部最(zui)具代表性的(de)典(dian)型自(zi)然(ran)綜合體,該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)的(de)山地(di)(di)森林生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統保存著最(zui)完好和(he)最(zui)豐富的(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種基(ji)因庫。建設“長白(bai)山東(dong)北亞(ya)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)園(yuan)”不僅是(shi)維系區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣性和(he)自(zi)然(ran)原生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)的(de)重(zhong)要舉措(cuo),而且將作為國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家物(wu)(wu)(wu)種基(ji)因資源戰略的(de)重(zhong)要組成部分,填(tian)補中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家植物(wu)(wu)(wu)園(yuan)在(zai)植被(bei)大區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)布局中(zhong)東(dong)北“溫帶針闊混交林區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”的(de)空白(bai)。
二(er)是探索融(rong)合生態保(bao)(bao)護(hu)與國(guo)家(jia)新型城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)試點建(jian)(jian)設。吉林省長白(bai)山(shan)(shan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)開(kai)發(fa)區池(chi)北區(二(er)道白(bai)河鎮)于2014年(nian)納(na)入國(guo)家(jia)新型城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)試點。經(jing)過幾(ji)年(nian)來的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)建(jian)(jian)設城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)面貌(mao)和承載服務功能極(ji)大(da)提升(sheng),已初步(bu)形成(cheng)“旅游城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)、城(cheng)(cheng)鎮景區化(hua)(hua)、景區國(guo)際化(hua)(hua)”的(de)(de)發(fa)展格局。基(ji)于“以(yi)特(te)色化(hua)(hua)體(ti)現國(guo)際化(hua)(hua),以(yi)國(guo)際化(hua)(hua)完(wan)成(cheng)特(te)色化(hua)(hua)”的(de)(de)發(fa)展理念,實(shi)施“長白(bai)山(shan)(shan)東北亞(ya)植(zhi)物(wu)園”項目,將建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)東北亞(ya)面積最(zui)(zui)大(da)、野(ye)生植(zhi)物(wu)物(wu)種保(bao)(bao)存最(zui)(zui)多(duo)、原生植(zhi)物(wu)群(qun)落比例最(zui)(zui)大(da)和基(ji)因庫容(rong)量最(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)特(te)色植(zhi)物(wu)園,實(shi)現植(zhi)物(wu)園與國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區、國(guo)家(jia)5A級旅游景區和國(guo)家(jia)級野(ye)外臺站優質資源的(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)化(hua)(hua)整合,使二(er)道白(bai)河鎮融(rong)入生態科技內(nei)涵(han),打造人(ren)與自(zi)然(ran)和諧相處的(de)(de)“植(zhi)物(wu)園城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)”典范。
三是(shi)促進長(chang)(chang)(chang)白山(shan)區(qu)生(sheng)態(tai)文明建(jian)設和綠色轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)發展(zhan)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)白山(shan)毗(pi)鄰朝(chao)鮮(xian)半島和俄羅斯。“長(chang)(chang)(chang)白山(shan)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)亞植物園(yuan)”建(jian)設,將(jiang)作為我國在(zai)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)亞區(qu)域(yu)積極應(ying)對氣候變(bian)化的(de)率先科技行動,是(shi)引領實施東(dong)北(bei)(bei)亞區(qu)域(yu)物種基因(yin)資(zi)源戰略和提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)物種保護與(yu)創(chuang)新利用水(shui)平、落(luo)實國家生(sheng)態(tai)文明建(jian)設的(de)重(zhong)要舉(ju)措。同時,也(ye)為長(chang)(chang)(chang)白山(shan)區(qu)眾多森工(gong)企業在(zai)全面禁伐(fa)后(hou)實現生(sheng)態(tai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)提(ti)供了創(chuang)新探索的(de)難得機遇。據測算,實施該項目將(jiang)有效拓展(zhan)生(sheng)態(tai)旅游路徑(jing),延(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)旅游高峰時間2-3個月,每(mei)年可增加旅游收入7.5億元。依托長(chang)(chang)(chang)白山(shan)特有的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)資(zi)源優勢[-2.75%],在(zai)生(sheng)物醫藥、保健品、生(sheng)態(tai)食品、園(yuan)藝植物等領域(yu)形成精(jing)品產(chan)(chan)業鏈(lian),帶動林區(qu)產(chan)(chan)業結構(gou)調整(zheng)和綠色轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)發展(zhan),每(mei)年可帶動區(qu)域(yu)產(chan)(chan)值提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)80億元以上(shang)。