臨縣中共中央后委機關(guan)舊址為(wei)紅(hong)色旅游經典景區。
中共中央后委機關舊(jiu)(jiu)址位(wei)于臨縣南25公里(li)的雙塔村(cun),東靠(kao)呂梁山脈,湫水(shui)河繞村(cun)而過。這里(li)交(jiao)通(tong)方(fang)便,東連晉(jin)綏邊區和(he)晉(jin)察冀邊區,西與(yu)陜甘寧(ning)邊區隔黃河相望,是一處十分理想的屯兵之地(di)和(he)中轉站。1947年4月至1948年3月,中共中央后委機關在(zai)這里(li)駐扎。舊(jiu)(jiu)址于2009年被命(ming)名為省級(ji)愛國主義教育基地(di)。
背景鏈接
1947年2月(yue),蔣(jiang)介(jie)石在(zai)全面進攻(gong)(gong)解(jie)放區(qu)的(de)(de)計劃破產之后(hou),在(zai)軍事上被迫改為重點(dian)進攻(gong)(gong),將進攻(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)重點(dian)置于山東解(jie)放區(qu)和陜(shan)(shan)(shan)甘寧(ning)(ning)解(jie)放區(qu),妄圖消(xiao)滅(mie)西(xi)北(bei)人(ren)民(min)解(jie)放軍及中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)領導(dao)機關(guan),或(huo)迫使其東渡黃(huang)河。2月(yue)底(di),蔣(jiang)介(jie)石親抵西(xi)安(an),部署進攻(gong)(gong)延(yan)安(an)。延(yan)安(an)正彌漫(man)在(zai)戰火硝煙中(zhong)(zhong)。此時,國民(min)黨(dang)軍有(you)24萬余人(ren),美式裝備,從三面包圍陜(shan)(shan)(shan)甘寧(ning)(ning)邊區(qu),又有(you)近百架(jia)飛機狂轟濫炸(zha),而駐守陜(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei)的(de)(de)部隊(dui)不過2萬多人(ren),加上地方(fang)部隊(dui)和游擊隊(dui)總共(gong)有(you)5萬人(ren),敵我力量懸殊太大(da)。為了誘敵深入(ru),在(zai)運動中(zhong)(zhong)殲滅(mie)敵人(ren)的(de)(de)有(you)生力量,1947年3月(yue)底(di),中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)在(zai)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei)清澗縣棗林(lin)溝村召(zhao)開(kai)會議,決定(ding)撤出延(yan)安(an),轉(zhuan)戰陜(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei)。并(bing)把中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)和軍委(wei)(wei)(wei)兩大(da)機關(guan)分(fen)成三個部分(fen):毛澤東、周恩來、任弼時、陸定(ding)一(yi)率黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)精干機關(guan)(簡(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)前委(wei)(wei)(wei))繼續留在(zai)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei),指(zhi)(zhi)揮陜(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei)戰場和全國戰場,牢(lao)牢(lao)地吸住敵人(ren)。劉(liu)少(shao)奇、朱德、董必武和一(yi)部分(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員組(zu)成中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員會(簡(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)),進入(ru)河北(bei)平山縣西(xi)柏(bo)坡村,負(fu)責中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)日常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo);主要(yao)負(fu)責黨(dang)務、工(gong)運、土改,還負(fu)責指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)華(hua)北(bei)作(zuo)(zuo)戰。葉劍英、楊尚昆、李(li)維(wei)漢、李(li)克農(nong)等(deng)同志組(zu)成中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)后(hou)方(fang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員會(簡(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)委(wei)(wei)(wei)),統籌中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)后(hou)方(fang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。
1947年3月下(xia)旬(xun),由(you)葉劍(jian)英任書記的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)后(hou)(hou)委(wei)(wei)機關從(cong)陜(shan)北遷來臨(lin)縣。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)后(hou)(hou)委(wei)(wei)領導機關駐扎在臨(lin)縣雙塔村,其他(ta)人員(yuan)(yuan)駐扎在雙塔及(ji)(ji)湫水河沿岸的40多(duo)個村莊。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)后(hou)(hou)方委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會是一個龐大的機構(gou),主要有:軍委(wei)(wei)參謀部(bu)(bu),一、二、三局(ju)一部(bu)(bu)分,軍委(wei)(wei)總衛生部(bu)(bu),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)辦公廳、城(cheng)工部(bu)(bu)、交際(ji)處、外(wai)(wai)事組、立法(fa)委(wei)(wei)、婦(fu)委(wei)(wei)、工委(wei)(wei)等單位,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)警衛團的部(bu)(bu)分家屬子女等。此外(wai)(wai),從(cong)國(guo)民黨(dang)統治區(qu)撤(che)回的干部(bu)(bu)也陸續(xu)到達這里。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)后(hou)(hou)委(wei)(wei)管理的人員(yuan)(yuan)多(duo)時達5000多(duo)人。其主要任務(wu)是聯絡各(ge)戰(zhan)區(qu),搜集(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)情報(bao)和作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)經驗(yan),經過(guo)(guo)整理加工之后(hou)(hou),報(bao)告(gao)黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)及(ji)(ji)毛澤東主席(xi),黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)根據后(hou)(hou)委(wei)(wei)所報(bao)告(gao)的情況,經過(guo)(guo)分析和研究(jiu)做(zuo)出指示、命令(ling),然后(hou)(hou)再(zai)通過(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)委(wei)(wei)向(xiang)全國(guo)傳達;向(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)前委(wei)(wei)、工委(wei)(wei)轉(zhuan)達密電;為陜(shan)北解放區(qu)籌措轉(zhuan)送軍火物資;負責對外(wai)(wai)宣(xuan)傳和編譯出版外(wai)(wai)事資料;研究(jiu)地下(xia)黨(dang)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和統一戰(zhan)線工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo);訓(xun)練蔣管區(qu)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)干部(bu)(bu)等。
1948年(nian)3月23日,毛主席等中央領導離開陜(shan)北(bei),東渡黃河(he),進入(ru)了山西(xi)。24日,到達(da)臨縣(xian)的三交鎮雙塔村。
3月(yue)25日下午(wu)召開了由中(zhong)央前(qian)委和后(hou)委全體人員(yuan)參加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)員(yuan)大會。在一片熱烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)掌聲(sheng)中(zhong),毛主(zhu)席(xi)充滿熱情地說:“咱們(men)都是(shi)(shi)轉戰(zhan)陜北(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)友(you)啊!大家同甘共(gong)苦(ku)患難一年(nian)多,你(ni)們(men)幫助我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)做了許多事(shi)情,這(zhe)要(yao)(yao)(yao)好好謝謝你(ni)們(men)。你(ni)們(men)記得(de)嗎?那次十幾(ji)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)急(ji)行(xing)軍,走了幾(ji)百(bai)里(li)、上千里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路程(cheng),打了沙家店,我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)過(guo)了山(shan)坳(ao),度過(guo)了困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時期,將(jiang)陜北(bei)(bei)(bei)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)權掌握在我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)手(shou)里(li)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)現在要(yao)(yao)(yao)到河北(bei)(bei)(bei)去,還要(yao)(yao)(yao)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)山(shan)越嶺,還要(yao)(yao)(yao)經(jing)過(guo)高(gao)山(shan)脈,路上還有(you)敵人,雖然我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)有(you)部隊(dui)掩護(hu),主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)權掌握在我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)手(shou)里(li),敵人不(bu)敢輕舉妄動(dong)(dong),但我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)仍要(yao)(yao)(yao)提高(gao)警惕(ti),不(bu)能粗心大意。到河北(bei)(bei)(bei)平山(shan)縣一帶,那里(li)條件要(yao)(yao)(yao)好些(xie),對指導全國(guo)有(you)利(li),所(suo)以我(wo)(wo)(wo)說,行(xing)軍是(shi)(shi)艱(jian)苦(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),可前(qian)途(tu)是(shi)(shi)光明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。翻(fan)(fan)(fan)過(guo)太行(xing)山(shan)這(zhe)個高(gao)山(shan)坳(ao),我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)也將(jiang)是(shi)(shi)度過(guo)了困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時期,以后(hou)就(jiu)越來越好,全國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勝利(li)很快就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)到來,同志們(men),努(nu)力吧!”
隨后,毛主(zhu)席一行(xing)經晉綏(sui)軍區駐(zhu)地蔡家崖,翻(fan)越五臺山和太行(xing)山脈,抵達(da)河北省阜平縣的城(cheng)南莊,5月26日(ri)到(dao)達(da)西柏坡。
4月下(xia)旬,中(zhong)央后(hou)委機關(guan)、部隊(dui)及隨從人員全部轉移到西柏坡(po)與中(zhong)央工委會合。