臨縣中共中央后委(wei)機關舊址為紅色(se)旅游經典景(jing)區。
中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央(yang)后委機關舊址(zhi)位于臨(lin)縣南25公(gong)里的雙塔村,東靠呂梁山脈,湫水河(he)(he)繞村而過。這里交通(tong)方便,東連(lian)晉綏(sui)邊(bian)區和(he)(he)晉察冀邊(bian)區,西(xi)與陜甘(gan)寧邊(bian)區隔黃河(he)(he)相望,是一(yi)處十分(fen)理想的屯兵之(zhi)地和(he)(he)中(zhong)轉站。1947年4月至1948年3月,中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央(yang)后委機關在這里駐(zhu)扎(zha)。舊址(zhi)于2009年被命(ming)名為省(sheng)級愛(ai)國主(zhu)義(yi)教育基(ji)地。
背景鏈接
1947年(nian)2月(yue)(yue),蔣介(jie)石(shi)在全(quan)面進(jin)攻(gong)解(jie)放區(qu)的(de)(de)計劃(hua)破產之(zhi)后(hou)(hou),在軍事上被迫改為重點(dian)進(jin)攻(gong),將進(jin)攻(gong)的(de)(de)重點(dian)置(zhi)于山東解(jie)放區(qu)和陜(shan)甘寧解(jie)放區(qu),妄圖消滅西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)人民(min)(min)解(jie)放軍及中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)領導機關,或迫使(shi)其東渡黃河。2月(yue)(yue)底(di),蔣介(jie)石(shi)親抵西(xi)安(an),部(bu)署進(jin)攻(gong)延(yan)安(an)。延(yan)安(an)正(zheng)彌漫在戰(zhan)火(huo)硝煙中(zhong)(zhong)。此時,國民(min)(min)黨軍有(you)24萬(wan)余(yu)人,美式裝備,從(cong)三(san)(san)面包圍陜(shan)甘寧邊區(qu),又有(you)近百(bai)架(jia)飛機狂轟(hong)濫炸,而駐守陜(shan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)部(bu)隊不過2萬(wan)多人,加上地方部(bu)隊和游擊隊總共(gong)有(you)5萬(wan)人,敵我力量懸殊太大(da)。為了誘敵深入,在運動中(zhong)(zhong)殲滅敵人的(de)(de)有(you)生力量,1947年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)底(di),中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)在陜(shan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)清澗縣棗(zao)林溝(gou)村(cun)召開會議(yi),決定撤出延(yan)安(an),轉(zhuan)戰(zhan)陜(shan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。并把(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)和軍委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩大(da)機關分(fen)成(cheng)三(san)(san)個部(bu)分(fen):毛(mao)澤東、周恩來、任弼時、陸定一率黨中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)精干機關(簡(jian)稱前委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei))繼續留在陜(shan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),指揮陜(shan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)戰(zhan)場和全(quan)國戰(zhan)場,牢牢地吸(xi)住敵人。劉(liu)少奇、朱德、董必(bi)武(wu)和一部(bu)分(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員組(zu)成(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)工作委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員會(簡(jian)稱工委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)),進(jin)入河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)山縣西(xi)柏坡村(cun),負(fu)責(ze)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)日(ri)常(chang)工作;主要負(fu)責(ze)黨務、工運、土改,還負(fu)責(ze)指導華北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)作戰(zhan)。葉劍英、楊尚昆、李(li)維漢、李(li)克農等同志組(zu)成(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)后(hou)(hou)方委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員會(簡(jian)稱后(hou)(hou)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)),統籌中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)方工作。
1947年(nian)3月下旬,由葉劍英(ying)任(ren)書記(ji)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央后(hou)委(wei)(wei)機(ji)關(guan)從(cong)陜北(bei)遷來臨縣。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央后(hou)委(wei)(wei)領導機(ji)關(guan)駐扎在(zai)臨縣雙塔村,其他人(ren)(ren)員駐扎在(zai)雙塔及(ji)湫水河沿岸的(de)40多個村莊。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央后(hou)方委(wei)(wei)員會是一個龐大的(de)機(ji)構,主要有(you):軍委(wei)(wei)參謀部,一、二(er)、三局一部分,軍委(wei)(wei)總衛(wei)生(sheng)部,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央辦公廳、城工部、交際處、外(wai)事組、立法委(wei)(wei)、婦委(wei)(wei)、工委(wei)(wei)等(deng)單位,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央警衛(wei)團(tuan)的(de)部分家(jia)屬子女等(deng)。此外(wai),從(cong)國民黨(dang)統治區撤回的(de)干部也(ye)陸續到(dao)達這里(li)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央后(hou)委(wei)(wei)管(guan)理的(de)人(ren)(ren)員多時達5000多人(ren)(ren)。其主要任(ren)務(wu)是聯(lian)絡各(ge)戰(zhan)區,搜集(ji)作(zuo)戰(zhan)情報和(he)作(zuo)戰(zhan)經驗,經過整理加工之后(hou),報告(gao)黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央及(ji)毛澤東主席,黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央根據后(hou)委(wei)(wei)所報告(gao)的(de)情況,經過分析和(he)研(yan)究(jiu)做出指示、命令,然后(hou)再通(tong)過后(hou)委(wei)(wei)向(xiang)(xiang)全國傳達;向(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央前委(wei)(wei)、工委(wei)(wei)轉達密電;為(wei)陜北(bei)解放區籌措(cuo)轉送軍火物資;負責對(dui)外(wai)宣(xuan)傳和(he)編譯出版(ban)外(wai)事資料(liao);研(yan)究(jiu)地(di)下黨(dang)工作(zuo)和(he)統一戰(zhan)線工作(zuo);訓(xun)練蔣管(guan)區工作(zuo)干部等(deng)。
1948年3月(yue)23日,毛主席等(deng)中央(yang)領(ling)導離開陜北,東渡黃(huang)河,進入了(le)山(shan)西。24日,到達臨縣的(de)三交鎮雙塔村。
3月25日(ri)下午召開了由中央前委(wei)和(he)后(hou)(hou)委(wei)全(quan)體人員參加的(de)(de)動員大(da)會。在(zai)(zai)一(yi)片熱(re)烈(lie)的(de)(de)掌聲中,毛主(zhu)席(xi)充滿熱(re)情(qing)地說:“咱們(men)(men)都是轉戰(zhan)陜(shan)北(bei)的(de)(de)戰(zhan)友啊!大(da)家同甘共(gong)苦患難一(yi)年多,你(ni)們(men)(men)幫(bang)助我(wo)們(men)(men)做了許多事情(qing),這要好(hao)(hao)好(hao)(hao)謝謝你(ni)們(men)(men)。你(ni)們(men)(men)記(ji)得嗎?那次十幾(ji)天(tian)的(de)(de)急行(xing)(xing)軍,走了幾(ji)百(bai)里(li)(li)、上千(qian)里(li)(li)的(de)(de)路程(cheng),打了沙家店,我(wo)們(men)(men)翻過(guo)了山(shan)(shan)(shan)坳,度(du)過(guo)了困(kun)難的(de)(de)時期,將陜(shan)北(bei)戰(zhan)爭中的(de)(de)主(zhu)動權掌握在(zai)(zai)我(wo)們(men)(men)手里(li)(li)。我(wo)們(men)(men)現在(zai)(zai)要到河(he)北(bei)去(qu),還(huan)(huan)要翻山(shan)(shan)(shan)越嶺,還(huan)(huan)要經過(guo)高山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),路上還(huan)(huan)有(you)敵人,雖(sui)然(ran)我(wo)們(men)(men)有(you)部隊掩護,主(zhu)動權掌握在(zai)(zai)我(wo)們(men)(men)手里(li)(li),敵人不敢輕(qing)舉(ju)妄動,但(dan)我(wo)們(men)(men)仍(reng)要提高警惕,不能粗心大(da)意。到河(he)北(bei)平山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣一(yi)帶,那里(li)(li)條件(jian)要好(hao)(hao)些,對(dui)指導全(quan)國有(you)利(li),所以(yi)我(wo)說,行(xing)(xing)軍是艱苦的(de)(de),可前途是光明的(de)(de)。翻過(guo)太行(xing)(xing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)這個(ge)高山(shan)(shan)(shan)坳,我(wo)們(men)(men)也將是度(du)過(guo)了困(kun)難的(de)(de)時期,以(yi)后(hou)(hou)就越來越好(hao)(hao),全(quan)國的(de)(de)勝利(li)很快就要到來,同志們(men)(men),努力吧!”
隨后,毛主席一行經晉綏軍區駐地蔡家崖,翻越五(wu)臺山和太行山脈,抵達(da)河北省(sheng)阜平縣的城(cheng)南莊,5月26日到(dao)達(da)西柏坡。
4月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun),中央(yang)(yang)后委機關、部隊及隨從人員全部轉移到西柏坡(po)與中央(yang)(yang)工委會合。