鎮巴縣(xian)地(di)(di)處川陜(shan)交界,是(shi)(shi)(shi)“民歌之鄉”、“紅(hong)軍(jun)之鄉”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)川陜(shan)革(ge)命根據地(di)(di)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)成部分(fen)。當年,在中(zhong)國(guo)共產黨(dang)和(he)紅(hong)四方(fang)面(mian)軍(jun)的(de)領導下(xia),建(jian)立了縣(xian)蘇(su)維埃政權,宣(xuan)傳土地(di)(di)革(ge)命,發動群眾(zhong)參軍(jun)參戰,南面(mian)支援紅(hong)軍(jun)前線戰事,北面(mian)防御國(guo)民黨(dang)的(de)進攻(gong),進行了英勇頑(wan)強、艱(jian)苦卓絕的(de)斗(dou)爭,留下(xia)了可歌可泣、震撼人心,光照日月(yue)的(de)事跡。這些,必然要(yao)反映到勞動人民口頭文學的(de)創作里,特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)巴山(shan)人民熱愛和(he)熟悉(xi)的(de)歌謠里。
《十送紅軍》民歌(ge)就(jiu)出自鎮巴與四(si)川(chuan)通江交界(jie)的(de)(de)西鄉街(jie)(兩河口)。西鄉街(jie)(兩河口)是紅四(si)方面(mian)軍入川(chuan)第一(yi)鎮,是紅四(si)方面(mian)軍創立川(chuan)陜省蘇維(wei)埃政權(quan)中成立的(de)(de)第一(yi)個(ge)縣蘇維(wei)埃政權(quan)——赤北縣蘇維(wei)埃政府(fu)。
川(chuan)(chuan)陜(shan)革命(ming)根據(ju)地(di)(di)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)蘇區中(zhong)的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)歌(ge)謠(yao),是產(chan)生(sheng)于第二次國內(nei)革命(ming)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)陜(shan)南和(he)川(chuan)(chuan)北(bei)大巴山區這(zhe)個特定的(de)(de)環境,它有(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)時(shi)代背景和(he)鮮(xian)明的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方特色(se),由于風起云涌的(de)(de)的(de)(de)斗爭(zheng)(zheng)生(sheng)活,又為(wei)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)歌(ge)謠(yao)的(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)提供了(le)(le)(le)不盡(jin)的(de)(de)源泉,使(shi)這(zhe)里的(de)(de)山歌(ge)無論在思想上,藝術(shu)上有(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)新的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。在陜(shan)南、川(chuan)(chuan)北(bei)的(de)(de)群(qun)眾中(zhong),一方面剔除了(le)(le)(le)山歌(ge)中(zhong)滲入(ru)的(de)(de)某些(xie)不建康和(he)落后(hou)的(de)(de)成份,一方面完(wan)美地(di)(di)吸取(qu)了(le)(le)(le)新的(de)(de)題材,從而(er)使(shi)那些(xie)以歌(ge)頌黨和(he)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)、歌(ge)頌翻身解放,積極(ji)參加紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun),反映軍(jun)(jun)民關(guan)系,支援反“圍剿”戰(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)走后(hou)又產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)懷念(nian)黨和(he)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)為(wei)內(nei)容的(de)(de)歌(ge)謠(yao),增加了(le)(le)(le)新的(de)(de)思想,煥(huan)發(fa)了(le)(le)(le)新的(de)(de)藝術(shu)生(sheng)命(ming),使(shi)陜(shan)南川(chuan)(chuan)北(bei)地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)民間歌(ge)謠(yao),在廣度和(he)深度上,都(dou)有(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)新的(de)(de)繼承和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)。
鎮巴縣(xian)地(di)(di)處川陜交(jiao)界,是“民(min)歌(ge)之鄉(xiang)”、“紅(hong)軍之鄉(xiang)”,是川陜革(ge)命(ming)根據地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)重要組成部分。當年,在(zai)中國(guo)共產黨(dang)和紅(hong)四(si)方面(mian)軍的(de)(de)(de)領導下,建(jian)立(li)了縣(xian)蘇維(wei)埃政權,宣傳(chuan)土地(di)(di)革(ge)命(ming),發動(dong)群眾參軍參戰(zhan),南面(mian)支援紅(hong)軍前(qian)線(xian)戰(zhan)事,北面(mian)防御國(guo)民(min)黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)攻(gong),進(jin)行了英勇頑強(qiang)、艱(jian)苦(ku)卓絕(jue)的(de)(de)(de)斗爭,留下了可歌(ge)可泣、震撼人(ren)(ren)心,光照日月(yue)的(de)(de)(de)事跡(ji)。這(zhe)些,必然要反映到勞動(dong)人(ren)(ren)民(min)口頭文學的(de)(de)(de)創作(zuo)里,特別是巴山人(ren)(ren)民(min)熱愛和熟悉的(de)(de)(de)歌(ge)謠里。
解放后(hou)鎮巴(ba)縣(xian)(xian)重視紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色歌(ge)(ge)(ge)謠的(de)搜集和(he)整(zheng)理,縣(xian)(xian)內從事文(wen)藝、史(shi)料的(de)許多專業和(he)業余工作者,滿懷熱(re)情,含辛如苦,深入(ru)全縣(xian)(xian)廣大地區收集整(zheng)理了(le)千余首鎮巴(ba)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色歌(ge)(ge)(ge)謠,其中《十(shi)(shi)送(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)》民歌(ge)(ge)(ge)就出自鎮巴(ba)與四(si)川通(tong)江(jiang)交(jiao)界(jie)的(de)西鄉(xiang)(xiang)街(jie)(兩河(he)口)。西鄉(xiang)(xiang)街(jie)(兩河(he)口)是清嘉慶(qing)七(qi)年(1802)前,此地為(wei)西鄉(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)所轄(xia),故名(ming)西鄉(xiang)(xiang)街(jie),后(hou)屬鎮巴(ba)縣(xian)(xian)轄(xia)。西鄉(xiang)(xiang)街(jie)(兩河(he)口)是紅(hong)(hong)(hong)四(si)方面(mian)軍(jun)入(ru)川第(di)一(yi)鎮,是紅(hong)(hong)(hong)四(si)方面(mian)軍(jun)創(chuang)立川陜省蘇維(wei)(wei)埃(ai)政(zheng)權中成(cheng)立的(de)第(di)一(yi)個縣(xian)(xian)蘇維(wei)(wei)埃(ai)政(zheng)權——赤(chi)北縣(xian)(xian)蘇維(wei)(wei)埃(ai)政(zheng)府,轄(xia)通(tong)江(jiang)及鎮巴(ba)簡池(chi)、永樂(le)核桃樹、三元蘇家坡等(deng)地。1956年秋鎮巴(ba)縣(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府民政(zheng)科文(wen)史(shi)收集者符文(wen)學到(dao)簡池(chi)、永樂(le)一(yi)帶普查紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)烈士和(he)了(le)解紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)史(shi)跡,收集了(le)《十(shi)(shi)送(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)》歌(ge)(ge)(ge)詞,下面(mian)是符文(wen)學當時收集經過。
符(fu)文(wen)學(xue)說:“建(jian)國(guo)后(hou),在1956年(nian)的(de)秋(qiu)未冬初,我(wo)(wo)到了(le)(le)永(yong)樂鄉(xiang)(xiang)后(hou),鄉(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)讓我(wo)(wo)到西(xi)(xi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)街(jie)(jie)(兩河口)找朱(zhu)有(you)(you)熾,朱(zhu)有(you)(you)熾住西(xi)(xi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)街(jie)(jie)(兩河口)上(shang),他知(zhi)道很(hen)多革(ge)命歷史和(he)紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)烈(lie)士人(ren)物(wu)情況,朱(zhu)有(you)(you)熾曾(ceng)任(ren)過(guo)川(chuan)(chuan)陜省赤北(bei)縣蘇(su)維埃(ai)(ai)(ai)稅務(wu)局長(chang),并(bing)在那時就加入了(le)(le)中(zhong)國(guo)共產黨,其妻陳昌秀同時入黨并(bing)任(ren)兩河口鄉(xiang)(xiang)蘇(su)維埃(ai)(ai)(ai)婦女委員長(chang)。我(wo)(wo)到西(xi)(xi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)街(jie)(jie)找到朱(zhu)有(you)(you)熾后(hou),先談了(le)(le)有(you)(you)關革(ge)命烈(lie)士和(he)革(ge)命斗爭史實后(hou),他順便唱了(le)(le)歌(ge)謠(yao)(yao)《徐向前到川(chuan)(chuan)陜,空(kong)山(shan)壩(ba)扎(zha)營盤,惡人(ren)個個腦殼砍(kan),打得(de)川(chuan)(chuan)軍(jun)(jun)垮(kua)了(le)(le)桿》、《紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)到了(le)(le)西(xi)(xi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)街(jie)(jie),人(ren)山(shan)人(ren)海云集來,河口街(jie)(jie)上(shang)搭高(gao)臺,川(chuan)(chuan)陜首建(jian)蘇(su)維埃(ai)(ai)(ai),首縣就是赤北(bei)縣,邊(bian)境上(shang)空(kong)紅(hong)了(le)(le)天》。他還說:“我(wo)(wo)還有(you)(you)一首較長(chang)的(de),一共十段(duan),內(nei)容(rong)較好(hao)。歌(ge)名叫《十送紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)》,接著他哼唱,我(wo)(wo)就記(ji)錄(lu),記(ji)錄(lu)畢了(le)(le)又念起給(gei)朱(zhu)有(you)(you)熾聽,有(you)(you)錯的(de)地(di)方(fang)作了(le)(le)糾(jiu)正。我(wo)(wo)回到縣上(shang),將這(zhe)首歌(ge)謠(yao)(yao)反復琢(zhuo)磨、過(guo)細推敲,加以(yi)整理,以(yi)富饒為筆名寄給(gei)“中(zhong)國(guo)民間(jian)文(wen)藝研究會《民間(jian)文(wen)學(xue)》編輯部(bu)。”過(guo)了(le)(le)兩年(nian),于1958年(nian)11月號的(de)《民間(jian)文(wen)學(xue)》革(ge)命歌(ge)謠(yao)(yao)欄目中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)表了(le)(le)‘鎮巴歌(ge)謠(yao)(yao)’《十送紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)》這(zhe)首歌(ge)謠(yao)(yao)。因此(ci)說:“西(xi)(xi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)街(jie)(jie)是鎮巴歌(ge)謠(yao)(yao)《十送紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)》的(de)發(fa)(fa)源地(di)。”隨后(hou),這(zhe)首歌(ge)謠(yao)(yao)先后(hou)被收入《紅(hong)色歌(ge)謠(yao)(yao)集》、《中(zhong)國(guo)歌(ge)謠(yao)(yao)選》等全國(guo)性出版物(wu),署名皆為朱(zhu)有(you)(you)熾演唱、富饒(符(fu)文(wen)學(xue)筆名)搜(sou)集。
1959年,劉(liu)光朗(陜南民歌(ge)演唱家(jia))從西安藝術師(shi)范學(xue)校音樂專業(ye)(ye)班畢業(ye)(ye)回鄉教書,他(ta)說,“不久(jiu),符文(wen)學(xue)找到我把(ba)發表在(zai)《民間文(wen)學(xue)》的(de)《鎮巴歌(ge)謠十送(song)紅軍》詞(ci)(ci)交給我,讓我譜(pu)曲,看了歌(ge)詞(ci)(ci)后,我感(gan)覺非常美,當(dang)時心里(li)很(hen)(hen)感(gan)動。很(hen)(hen)快(kuai),我按鎮巴民歌(ge)的(de)曲調譜(pu)了曲,并教給學(xue)生傳(chuan)唱。”
劉光朗(lang)稱:“前(qian)些年(nian)(1990年(nian))曾到鎮(zhen)巴簡池、永(yong)樂西(xi)鄉街(jie)搞采錄,找到了(le)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有熾(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi),朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)證實曾見(jian)證了(le)符文學找他(ta)父親(qin)收集這首歌(ge)詞的(de)(de)(de)過程。當時朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有熾(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)一位老(lao)鄰居朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)達武(wu)告訴(su)我,‘那(nei)個(ge)老(lao)漢(指朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有熾(chi)(chi))愛唱的(de)(de)(de)很,經常(chang)彈個(ge)弦弦唱’,朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)達武(wu)還為我學唱了(le)幾句朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有熾(chi)(chi)經常(chang)唱的(de)(de)(de)《十(shi)送(song)紅軍》詞,用的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)鎮(zhen)巴民歌(ge)《繡荷包(bao)》的(de)(de)(de)曲調(diao)。”
鎮巴(ba)歌謠《十送紅軍》詞(ci)
一送紅(hong)軍下南(nan)山(shan),秋(qiu)風細雨纏綿(mian)綿(mian),山(shan)里野(ye)貓哀號(hao)叫,樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)梧桐葉落完,紅(hong)軍啊!幾時人馬再回山(shan)。
二(er)送紅軍(jun)大道旁,紅漆桌(zhuo)子兩邊放(fang),桌(zhuo)上擺著(zhu)送行酒(jiu),酒(jiu)兒里面摻蜜糖,紅軍(jun)啊!思情似海不能忘。
三送紅軍上大(da)道,鑼兒無聲鼓不敲,雙手(shou)(shou)垃著長繭手(shou)(shou),心(xin)象(xiang)黃連臉在笑(xiao),紅軍啊!萬般憂愁(chou)怎能(neng)消。
四送紅(hong)軍(jun)過高山,山上(shang)包(bao)谷金燦燦,包(bao)谷種(zhong)子紅(hong)軍(jun)種(zhong),包(bao)谷棒子窮人搬。紅(hong)軍(jun)啊!撒下(xia)種(zhong)子紅(hong)了(le)天(tian)。
五送紅軍上(shang)了坡,鴻(hong)雁(yan)陣陣空(kong)中過,鴻(hong)雁(yan)能(neng)捎書和信,飛到天涯和海角,紅軍啊!捎信多把(ba)革命說(shuo)。
六送紅(hong)軍兔兒崖,兩只(zhi)兔子哭哀(ai)哀(ai),禽獸也能知人性,血肉感情(qing)拋不開,紅(hong)軍啊!山(shan)里紅(hong)花永(yong)不敗。
七送紅軍七里(li)(li)灣,灣灣上(shang)下一(yi)片田,田里(li)(li)谷穗頭低(di)下,田里(li)(li)鯉魚翻(fan)田坎,紅軍啊(a)!新米上(shang)市人去遠。
八(ba)送紅(hong)軍(jun)八(ba)角山,兩只八(ba)哥吐(tu)人言,紅(hong)軍(jun)哥哥莫遠走,走了財東要倒算,紅(hong)軍(jun)啊!窮人的苦水(shui)吐(tu)不完。
九送紅軍到通江,通江河上(shang)船兒忙,千軍萬(wan)(wan)馬河邊站(zhan),十萬(wan)(wan)百姓淚汪汪,紅軍啊!眼望江水斷肝腸(chang)。
十送紅(hong)軍轉(zhuan)回來,巴山頂(ding)上搭高臺,高臺十丈白玉柱,雕龍繡(xiu)鳳放光彩,紅(hong)軍啊!這臺名叫(jiao)望紅(hong)臺。
原詞中涉及(ji)的(de)地名“南山(shan)、兔兒巖(yan)、七(qi)里灣、八角山(shan)、通江河(he)、巴山(shan)”等均屬陜(shan)西鎮(zhen)巴縣(xian)、四(si)川(chuan)通江縣(xian)地名,全(quan)詞意境也正(zheng)(zheng)符(fu)合當(dang)年紅四(si)方(fang)面軍撤離川(chuan)陜(shan)蘇區(qu)時的(de)時段和情景。所以,鎮(zhen)巴才是這首(shou)(shou)歌謠真(zhen)正(zheng)(zheng)的(de)母源地。這首(shou)(shou)歌謠最早在鎮(zhen)巴境內傳唱,鎮(zhen)巴也最先(xian)將其(qi)搬上舞臺,隨后載入(ru)《縣(xian)志》,并勒石以記(ji)。
有證據顯(xian)示,從1958年(nian)發表(biao)于《民間文(wen)學(xue)》中(zhong)《鎮巴歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)十(shi)送紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)》詞至上世紀(ji)90年(nian)代,這(zhe)(zhe)首歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)先后被收(shou)入《紅(hong)色(se)(se)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)集》、《中(zhong)國(guo)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)選》、《川陜蘇(su)區(qu)紅(hong)色(se)(se)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)選》等七八(ba)種出版物中(zhong),所收(shou)錄的《十(shi)送紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)》署名或為“朱有熾唱(chang)”,或為“富(fu)饒(符文(wen)學(xue)筆名)搜集”。1965年(nian)3月,《革命歷史歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)曲表(biao)演唱(chang)》一書將(jiang)《十(shi)送紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)》作(zuo)為江西(xi)民歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)排(pai)列(lie)在(zai)第四(si)場(chang)。從此,這(zhe)(zhe)首歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)被人(ren)們誤(wu)認為是江西(xi)民歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。而江西(xi)民歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)《十(shi)送紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)》的創作(zuo)則(ze)是在(zai)60年(nian)代初。
根據查考的(de)有關《十送(song)紅(hong)軍》背景(jing)情況介紹,包括詞曲來源的(de)爭論、當時的(de)歷史(shi)情況的(de)敘述,以(yi)下(xia)是轉(zhuan)載文述(不知(zhi)誰(shui)的(de)原(yuan)創(chuang))便(bian)足以(yi)說(shuo)明《十送(song)紅(hong)軍》真象的(de)來龍(long)去脈:
“20世紀60年(nian)(nian)代初,根據(ju)空軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)司令員劉亞樓提出(chu)(chu)(chu)演唱(chang)(chang)(chang)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)歷(li)史歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指示(shi),空軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)政治部(bu)文(wen)(wen)工(gong)團(tuan)決定(ding)創(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)大(da)型(xing)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)歷(li)史歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)表(biao)演唱(chang)(chang)(chang)》,派出(chu)(chu)(chu)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)團(tuan)團(tuan)長(chang)汪(wang)洋,詞(ci)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)家(jia)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燮(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)家(jia)朱(zhu)正(zheng)(zheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、姚學(xue)誠、陳(chen)杰,編舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)李躍先等(deng),到(dao)(dao)江(jiang)西(xi)采風(feng),搜集戰(zhan)爭年(nian)(nian)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),為(wei)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)創(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)做(zuo)準備(bei)。來(lai)(lai)(lai)到(dao)(dao)井岡(gang)(gang)山(shan)后,他(ta)(ta)們聽說(shuo)茨坪(ping)敬老(lao)(lao)院有(you)一(yi)(yi)些老(lao)(lao)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),便懷著(zhu)崇敬的(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)情(qing)(qing)(qing)登門拜訪(fang)。老(lao)(lao)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)李新珠等(deng)人為(wei)他(ta)(ta)們唱(chang)(chang)(chang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)《工(gong)農兵聯合起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)》:“工(gong)農兵聯合起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai),向前進,萬(wan)(wan)眾(zhong)一(yi)(yi)心(xin)……”他(ta)(ta)們聽說(shuo)井岡(gang)(gang)山(shan)遠近聞名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)隊員“賴(lai)媽媽”賴(lai)發(fa)秀自(zi)小(xiao)愛(ai)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)歌(ge)(ge)(ge),是唱(chang)(chang)(chang)民(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)手后,專程找到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)她,“賴(lai)媽媽”為(wei)他(ta)(ta)們唱(chang)(chang)(chang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)《送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)郎(lang)(lang)當(dang)(dang)(dang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》:“送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)郎(lang)(lang)當(dang)(dang)(dang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),階級要認(ren)清(qing),豪紳(shen)啊,地(di)(di)主(zhu)啊,剝削我(wo)(wo)窮人。送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)郎(lang)(lang)當(dang)(dang)(dang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),切莫想(xiang)(xiang)家(jia)庭,家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)啊,事情(qing)(qing)(qing)啊,我(wo)(wo)郎(lang)(lang)莫掛(gua)心(xin)……”此行,汪(wang)洋、張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燮(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)等(deng)人走遍(bian)(bian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)吉安、永(yong)新、安福的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)山(shan)水水,搜集了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)爭年(nian)(nian)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)少是流(liu)傳(chuan)在(zai)井岡(gang)(gang)山(shan)地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)版本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。第(di)二(er)次國內革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)戰(zhan)爭期間,井岡(gang)(gang)山(shan)根據(ju)地(di)(di)戰(zhan)事頻繁。每(mei)當(dang)(dang)(dang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)上(shang)(shang)前線時(shi)(shi)(shi),全村(cun)男女老(lao)(lao)少都(dou)在(zai)村(cun)口(kou)、河(he)邊(bian)、山(shan)坡(po)上(shang)(shang)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。有(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)邊(bian)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song),一(yi)(yi)邊(bian)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)。所(suo)以(yi),井岡(gang)(gang)山(shan)有(you)關送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)特(te)別多。甲地(di)(di)和乙地(di)(di)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),其內容(rong)、曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)調(diao)(diao)、唱(chang)(chang)(chang)法都(dou)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)(yang),富(fu)有(you)地(di)(di)方(fang)民(min)(min)間特(te)色。回(hui)(hui)到(dao)(dao)北(bei)京后,張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燮(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)負責劇(ju)(ju)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)創(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),當(dang)(dang)(dang)他(ta)(ta)寫(xie)到(dao)(dao)第(di)四(si)場(chang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)長(chang)征(zheng)時(shi)(shi)(shi),感(gan)到(dao)(dao)需要有(you)一(yi)(yi)首歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)表(biao)達井岡(gang)(gang)山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人民(min)(min)群眾(zhong)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)別紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)那(nei)種(zhong)依依惜別、戀戀不(bu)(bu)舍的(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)情(qing)(qing)(qing),從劇(ju)(ju)情(qing)(qing)(qing)結(jie)構上(shang)(shang)才(cai)能(neng)把第(di)三(san)場(chang)反(fan)“圍剿”的(de)(de)(de)(de)戲(xi)銜(xian)接起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燮(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)把自(zi)己(ji)搜集到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多首有(you)關送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)西(xi)民(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)綜合起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai),形成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)詞(ci):“一(yi)(yi)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(里(li)格(ge))紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(介支個(ge))下了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)山(shan),秋風(feng)(里(li)格(ge))細(xi)雨(介支個(ge))纏(chan)綿綿。山(shan)上(shang)(shang)(里(li)格(ge))野鹿聲(sheng)聲(sheng)哀號,樹樹(里(li)格(ge))梧桐葉呀葉飄(piao)完。問一(yi)(yi)聲(sheng)親(qin)人紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)啊,幾時(shi)(shi)(shi)(里(li)格(ge))人馬(介支個(ge))再(zai)回(hui)(hui)山(shan)……”朱(zhu)正(zheng)(zheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)拿到(dao)(dao)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)詞(ci)后,細(xi)讀幾遍(bian)(bian),當(dang)(dang)(dang)即就(jiu)想(xiang)(xiang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)自(zi)己(ji)在(zai)江(jiang)西(xi)采集到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)贛南采茶戲(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)調(diao)(diao)。這(zhe)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)調(diao)(diao)婉轉(zhuan)優(you)美,十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)動聽。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)首送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)別親(qin)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)調(diao)(diao),如泣如訴,欲言又(you)止(zhi),朱(zhu)正(zheng)(zheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)從中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尋找到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)音樂(le)創(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)靈感(gan)。他(ta)(ta)又(you)借鑒了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)西(xi)洋音樂(le)回(hui)(hui)旋(xuan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式,在(zai)民(min)(min)間曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)調(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)進行了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)重新加(jia)工(gong)。盡(jin)管一(yi)(yi)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、三(san)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、五(wu)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、七送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)又(you)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song),但層次分(fen)(fen)明(ming),富(fu)于(yu)變化。每(mei)段(duan)最(zui)后一(yi)(yi)句(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)尾,仿佛是下一(yi)(yi)段(duan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開頭(tou),如巨龍盤旋(xuan),前呼后應,首尾相(xiang)銜(xian)。從嚴格(ge)意(yi)義上(shang)(shang)講,《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》是一(yi)(yi)首創(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。而1961年(nian)(nian)《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》發(fa)表(biao)時(shi)(shi)(shi),署(shu)名(ming)是:江(jiang)西(xi)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)民(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)(ge),朱(zhu)正(zheng)(zheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燮(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)收(shou)集整理(li)。這(zhe)是因(yin)為(wei)劇(ju)(ju)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)寫(xie)出(chu)(chu)(chu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)后,劉亞樓明(ming)確指出(chu)(chu)(chu):“我(wo)(wo)叫(jiao)(jiao)你們唱(chang)(chang)(chang)歷(li)史歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),現成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)歷(li)史歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)可以(yi)唱(chang)(chang)(chang),不(bu)(bu)要另寫(xie)!”為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)避開創(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)痕跡,空政文(wen)(wen)工(gong)團(tuan)領導決定(ding),將(jiang)《革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)歷(li)史歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)表(biao)演唱(chang)(chang)(chang)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)學(xue)、音樂(le)、舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈三(san)大(da)創(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)班(ban)子,統統稱(cheng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)編輯。《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者朱(zhu)正(zheng)(zheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燮(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),也就(jiu)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)“收(shou)集整理(li)”。那(nei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候,大(da)家(jia)都(dou)不(bu)(bu)太在(zai)意(yi)著(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)權。結(jie)果,這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)署(shu)名(ming)方(fang)式沿用(yong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)40多年(nian)(nian),乃至于(yu)許多人都(dou)誤(wu)(wu)認(ren)為(wei)《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》是一(yi)(yi)首歷(li)史歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),甚至于(yu)鬧(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)場(chang)笑話(hua),鬧(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)場(chang)著(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)權糾紛(fen)。2001年(nian)(nian),在(zai)慶祝建黨80周年(nian)(nian)前夕,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)電(dian)視(shi)(shi)臺(tai)播放了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)電(dian)視(shi)(shi)劇(ju)(ju)《長(chang)征(zheng)》,該劇(ju)(ju)生(sheng)動地(di)(di)再(zai)現了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)二(er)萬(wan)(wan)五(wu)千里(li)長(chang)征(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壯麗(li)畫(hua)卷。劇(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多次用(yong)嗩吶吹(chui)奏《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》,使得氣氛更顯(xian)得慷慨(kai)悲壯,有(you)力地(di)(di)烘托了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)劇(ju)(ju)情(qing)(qing)(qing)。劇(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)一(yi)(yi)段(duan)情(qing)(qing)(qing)節:紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)撤離中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)蘇區時(shi)(shi)(shi),鄉親(qin)們邊(bian)打(da)著(zhu)火把送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),毛澤(ze)東(dong)叫(jiao)(jiao)一(yi)(yi)位姑(gu)娘再(zai)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)一(yi)(yi)首《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》,這(zhe)位姑(gu)娘便含著(zhu)眼淚唱(chang)(chang)(chang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)……空政文(wen)(wen)工(gong)團(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)同志(zhi)們看到(dao)(dao)此處,啞然失笑:“《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》1961年(nian)(nian)才(cai)問世,長(chang)征(zheng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)哪來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》?”看了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)兩集,老(lao)(lao)同志(zhi)們發(fa)現片(pian)頭(tou)片(pian)尾都(dou)沒有(you)注明(ming)《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)、曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者。原空政文(wen)(wen)工(gong)團(tuan)總團(tuan)團(tuan)長(chang)黃河(he)、副團(tuan)長(chang)牛暢、歌(ge)(ge)(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)團(tuan)團(tuan)長(chang)汪(wang)洋、《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)、曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燮(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、朱(zhu)正(zheng)(zheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),紛(fen)紛(fen)給中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)電(dian)視(shi)(shi)臺(tai)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國音樂(le)家(jia)協會打(da)電(dian)話(hua),寫(xie)證明(ming)材料,澄清(qing)事實,要求(qiu)予(yu)以(yi)更正(zheng)(zheng)。因(yin)涉及著(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)權,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)電(dian)視(shi)(shi)臺(tai)不(bu)(bu)敢怠慢(man),很快就(jiu)弄清(qing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況,迅(xun)速糾正(zheng)(zheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)錯(cuo)誤(wu)(wu),并采取了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)補救措施。當(dang)(dang)(dang)電(dian)視(shi)(shi)劇(ju)(ju)《長(chang)征(zheng)》播放到(dao)(dao)第(di)15集時(shi)(shi)(shi),片(pian)尾加(jia)注了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)如下字樣(yang)(yang):主(zhu)題歌(ge)(ge)(ge)《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》,編詞(ci):張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燮(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie);編曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):朱(zhu)正(zheng)(zheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。”
由(you)上述(shu)內容已清(qing)楚闡明,空(kong)政(zheng)歌(ge)(ge)舞(wu)團的張士燮、朱正本先生,于60年(nian)代(dai)初(chu)根據搜集(ji)到(dao)的多首(包括已發(fa)表過的鎮巴十送(song)紅(hong)軍歌(ge)(ge)詞(ci))有關送(song)紅(hong)軍的江西民歌(ge)(ge)等(deng)綜合起來,形成了《十送(song)紅(hong)軍》的歌(ge)(ge)詞(ci),并不是原創(chuang)的江西民歌(ge)(ge)詞(ci),朱正本先生采(cai)集(ji)到(dao)的贛(gan)南采(cai)茶戲中一首送(song)別親(qin)人的曲調,在民間曲調的基礎(chu)上進行了重新加工而成。
而于1958年11月號的(de)(de)《民間文學》上署名為(wei)朱有(you)熾(chi)演唱、富饒搜集(ji)發表的(de)(de)《鎮巴(ba)(ba)歌謠(yao)十送紅軍》是(shi)1956年初冬(dong)收集(ji)的(de)(de),是(shi)有(you)證可查的(de)(de)亊實。所以《十送紅軍》的(de)(de)詞作母源地(di)應該是(shi)陜西鎮巴(ba)(ba)歌謠(yao),而不是(shi)電視劇《長征》主(zhu)題歌中《十送紅軍》編詞:張士燮的(de)(de)江(jiang)西民歌。 ?