其人(ren)在《三(san)國志·卷(juan)八·魏書·二(er)公孫陶(tao)四張(zhang)傳》有只言片語的提及:
公元(yuan)197年(nian)(建安(an)二年(nian)),曹(cao)操(cao)南征,部隊到達淯(yu)水(shui),張繡(xiu)率眾(zhong)投降。曹(cao)操(cao)納了張濟的遺孀(shuang),張繡(xiu)因(yin)此(ci)懷(huai)恨曹(cao)操(cao)。
摘自《三(san)國(guo)演義》第十六回“呂奉先射(she)戟轅門 ,曹孟(meng)德敗師淯水(shui)。”
一日(ri)操(cao)醉,退入寢(qin)所,私問(wen)左右曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)有妓女(nv)否?”操(cao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兄子曹安民(min),知操(cao)意,乃密對曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“昨晚小(xiao)侄窺見(jian)(jian)館舍(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)側(ce),有一婦(fu)人,生得十(shi)分美麗(li),問(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),即繡(xiu)叔張濟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻也(ye)。”操(cao)聞言(yan),便令安民(min)領五十(shi)甲兵往取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。須(xu)臾,取到軍(jun)中(zhong)。操(cao)見(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),果然美麗(li)。問(wen)其姓,婦(fu)答(da)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“妾(qie)乃張濟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻鄒(zou)(zou)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。”操(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“夫(fu)人識吾(wu)(wu)否?”鄒(zou)(zou)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“久(jiu)聞丞(cheng)相(xiang)威名,今(jin)夕幸(xing)得瞻拜。”操(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾(wu)(wu)為夫(fu)人故,特納張繡(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)降;不然滅族(zu)矣。”鄒(zou)(zou)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)拜曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“實感再生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩。”操(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“今(jin)日(ri)得見(jian)(jian)夫(fu)人,乃天幸(xing)也(ye)。今(jin)宵愿同枕(zhen)席(xi),隨(sui)吾(wu)(wu)還(huan)都(dou),安享(xiang)富貴,何如?”鄒(zou)(zou)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)拜謝(xie)。是夜(ye),共宿(su)于帳中(zhong)。鄒(zou)(zou)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“久(jiu)住城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),繡(xiu)必生疑,亦恐外(wai)人議論。”操(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“明日(ri)同夫(fu)人去寨中(zhong)住。”次(ci)日(ri),移于城(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)安歇(xie),喚(huan)典韋就中(zhong)軍(jun)帳房外(wai)宿(su)衛(wei)。他人非奉呼喚(huan),不許輒入。因此(ci),內外(wai)不通。操(cao)每(mei)日(ri)與鄒(zou)(zou)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)取樂,不想歸期。
演義形象
《三(san)國演義(yi)》里姓鄒(zou),容貌甚美。其(qi)夫(fu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)濟攻穰城(cheng)時(shi)戰(zhan)(zhan)死,之后張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)繡(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)接(jie)管了軍(jun)(jun)(jun)隊,鄒(zou)夫(fu)人隨侄兒(er)寡居宛城(cheng)。公元197年,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)征張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)繡(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)繡(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)投(tou)降(jiang)(jiang)。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)進宛城(cheng)納降(jiang)(jiang)時(shi),操(cao)(cao)(cao)侄曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)安(an)民引鄒(zou)夫(fu)人見曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)見其(qi)美貌,強納之。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)繡(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)知曉此事后大怒,認為曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)侮辱了自(zi)(zi)己與(yu)其(qi)叔張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)濟。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)繡(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)聽從謀士賈詡建議秘密(mi)調(diao)動軍(jun)(jun)(jun)隊后突襲曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao),將(jiang)(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)打得措手不及,大敗而逃(tao)。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)坐騎絕影身中數箭仍(reng)載曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)奮力奔跑(pao),最(zui)終未跑(pao)出宛城(cheng)死于(yu)此戰(zhan)(zhan)。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)長(chang)子(zi)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)昂(ang)將(jiang)(jiang)坐騎讓與(yu)父親逃(tao)跑(pao),自(zi)(zi)己步戰(zhan)(zhan)斷后,戰(zhan)(zhan)死。大將(jiang)(jiang)典(dian)韋率十(shi)數位精選的親信(xin)護(hu)衛戰(zhan)(zhan)于(yu)門前(qian)為曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)斷后,他(ta)們雖(sui)兵(bing)甲不齊(qi),但個個以一當十(shi),殊(shu)死相搏,殺敵甚眾后皆(jie)力戰(zhan)(zhan)而死。操(cao)(cao)(cao)侄曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)安(an)民亦殞命于(yu)此戰(zhan)(zhan)。宛城(cheng)之敗是(shi)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)一生(sheng)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)事中鮮有的大敗之戰(zhan)(zhan),鄒(zou)夫(fu)人亦因(yin)此被后世稱為禍水。公元198年,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)繡(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)間又有一戰(zhan)(zhan)。公元199年,賈詡建議張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)繡(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)乃立(li)信(xin)天下之人,勝于(yu)袁紹(shao),必不計前(qian)嫌,接(jie)納將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun),將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)應復降(jiang)(jiang)之。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)繡(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)聽從,再次投(tou)降(jiang)(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)大喜,果然不計前(qian)事,為張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)繡(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)設宴,還讓自(zi)(zi)己的兒(er)子(zi)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)均(jun)娶了張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)繡(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的女兒(er),兩家結為連理(li),并(bing)封張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)繡(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)為揚武(wu)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。
京劇形象
京劇《戰(zhan)宛城》 【一(yi)名《張繡刺嬸》、《割發代(dai)首》和《盜雙戟》】,扮(ban)演(yan)者:常秋(qiu)月
劇(ju)情:曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操統兵往宛城討伐張(zhang)繡,曾傳(chuan)令三軍沿途不可踐踏青苗(miao),違令者斬(zhan)。但行軍途中,他自己的馬因(yin)受驚(jing)而入麥地(di),踐踏了(le)青苗(miao),曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操遂欲拔劍自刎,為(wei)眾(zhong)將所勸阻,最后(hou)(hou)割發代替(ti)斬(zhan)首,用來儆戒三軍。兵至宛城,張(zhang)繡戰敗歸降(jiang),后(hou)(hou)因(yin)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操擄占(zhan)其(qi)嬸(shen)母(mu)鄒氏(shi)而欲反曹(cao)(cao)(cao),但怵于典(dian)韋(wei)勇悍難制,所以先派(pai)胡車兒盜取典(dian)韋(wei)的稱手兵器——雙戟,然后(hou)(hou)襲擊(ji)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)營。結果,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操毫(hao)無準備(bei)而敗,輕騎逃奔,一(yi)子一(yi)侄(zhi)喪命在亂軍之(zhi)中。典(dian)韋(wei)也因(yin)猝(cu)不及防,赤身戰死。張(zhang)繡殺入曹(cao)(cao)(cao)營,刺死其(qi)嬸(shen)母(mu)鄒氏(shi)。