鞍子(zi)河自(zi)然保護區位(wei)于四川省(sheng)成(cheng)都市(shi)崇州市(shi)鞍子(zi)河鎮境內，是(shi)1993年成(cheng)立的(de)成(cheng)都地區第(di)一個省(sheng)級(ji)自(zi)然保護區，是(shi)國(guo)家命(ming)名的(de)大熊貓聚集地的(de)自(zi)然保護區之一，面積81．8平方公(gong)(gong)里，距成(cheng)都市(shi)中心城區103公(gong)(gong)里，交通(tong)便利，是(shi)理想的(de)旅游(you)勝地。
鞍子河北(bei)、西北(bei)與(yu)四川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)省汶川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)和國(guo)(guo)家林業局臥龍自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)接壤，南(nan)與(yu)四川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)省大邑(yi)縣(xian)(xian)和四川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)黑水河自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)接壤，位(wei)于(yu)北(bei)緯30度的川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)西高山峽谷地(di)區(qu)，是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)生物(wu)物(wu)種(zhong)的起(qi)源中(zhong)心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)一，是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古老原始(shi)的物(wu)種(zhong)聚集(ji)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)一，是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)南(nan)北(bei)物(wu)種(zhong)的交匯地(di)帶(dai)，是具有國(guo)(guo)際意義的生物(wu)多(duo)樣性地(di)區(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一。
作為(wei)(wei)以大(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的主要保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)，鞍子河(he)把(ba)國家林業(ye)局臥龍(long)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)、四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省蜂桶寨(zhai)國家級自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)、四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)喇(la)叭河(he)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)和四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)黑水河(he)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)連接一(yi)片，共同構建成邛崍山系大(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)棲息地(di)核心(xin)地(di)帶，鞍子河(he)在這(zhe)片大(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)棲息地(di)中處于紐(niu)帶和通道地(di)位，為(wei)(wei)邛崍山系大(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)基因(yin)交流發(fa)揮著至關重要的作用，目前，鞍子河(he)已被(bei)列為(wei)(wei)世界遺產(chan)邛崍山系大(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)棲息地(di)的核心(xin)區(qu)(qu)，并被(bei)《中國生(sheng)物多樣(yang)性(xing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)綜述》列為(wei)(wei)具有國際意(yi)義的生(sheng)物多樣(yang)性(xing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)。
根據野外調查、紅外觸發相機監測、歷史文獻記錄和訪談確認，鞍子河迄今記錄了哺乳動物79種，分布最多的種是嚙齒目，有25種，其次是食肉目，有20種。其中，國家Ⅰ級保護獸類7種：、金絲猴、豹、云豹、羚牛和林麝；國家Ⅱ級保護獸類14種：黑熊、小熊貓、黃喉貂、豺、金貓、大靈貓、小靈貓、藏酋猴、獼猴、水鹿、鬣羚、斑羚、巖羊和小爪水獺。四川省重點保護野生動物4種：豹貓、毛冠鹿、赤狐(hu)和香鼬。
鞍子河有29種(zhong)哺乳動物為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)有或者主要分布于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)（根據張榮(rong)祖，1999），其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)有種(zhong)18種(zhong)，如大熊貓、金絲猴、林(lin)麝(she)、巖松鼠(shu)、復(fu)齒鼯鼠(shu)、大耳姬鼠(shu)、甘肅(su)鼢鼠(shu)等(deng)；主要分布于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的有11種(zhong)，如羚(ling)牛、鬣羚(ling)、小熊貓、巖羊(yang)、珀氏長(chang)吻松鼠(shu)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)鼩鼱、蹶鼠(shu)等(deng)。
根據(ju)鞍子河歷(li)次野外(wai)科學考查報告、歷(li)史(shi)記(ji)(ji)錄和走訪，迄(qi)今已(yi)記(ji)(ji)錄高等植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)184科623屬1526種(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括亞種(zhong)(zhong)），其中(zhong)：苔蘚(xian)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)36種(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)167種(zhong)(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)21種(zhong)(zhong)，被子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)1302種(zhong)(zhong)。分布有《國(guo)家重點保(bao)護野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)名錄（第一(yi)批(pi) 1999年）》中(zhong)的國(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)：中(zhong)國(guo)紅豆(dou)杉(shan)、珙桐、光葉珙桐，國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)9種(zhong)(zhong)：連香樹、水青樹、圓葉木蘭、凹葉厚樸、厚樸、香樟、楠(nan)木、杜仲(zhong)、梓葉槭。
鞍子河的植被類型(xing)：海(hai)拔(ba)2200米以下為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)常綠闊葉林、常綠落葉闊葉混交(jiao)林，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要建群種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)曼青(qing)岡、黑殼楠；海(hai)拔(ba)2200米－2300米為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)落葉闊葉林，以珙(gong)桐(tong)、水青(qing)樹(shu)、西南櫻桃(tao)、楊葉木姜子、連香樹(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；海(hai)拔(ba)2300米－2800米為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)針闊混交(jiao)林，以鐵杉、麥吊云(yun)杉、岷江(jiang)冷(leng)杉，各種(zhong)(zhong)槭、樺、椴和華西楓楊等為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；海(hai)拔(ba)2700－3600米為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寒溫(wen)性(xing)針葉林，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要建群種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)岷江(jiang)冷(leng)杉，其伴生喬木以樺木為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、伴生竹類以冷(leng)箭竹為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；海(hai)拔(ba)3400米－3600米為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)灌草叢，以白茅、紫丁(ding)杜鵑(juan)、繡線菊(ju)、高山柳、蕨為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要物種(zhong)(zhong)。
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