1958年8月,經云南省林業(ye)廳批準建立文山(shan)縣老君山(shan)和西疇縣坪寨兩(liang)個(ge)國營林場;
1980年6月(yue)5日,文山(shan)州革(ge)命委(wei)員會批準合并(bing)建立州級保(bao)護區;
1986年(nian)3月,批(pi)建小橋溝省級保護區(qu);
1997年,批建老(lao)君山省級保護區;
2000年(nian)7月,擴(kuo)建合并為“云(yun)南文山自然保護區(qu)”;
2003年6月,將原(yuan)西疇縣小橋溝保護區和文山老君山保護區合(he)并(bing),經(jing)國(guo)務院批準晉升為國(guo)家級(ji)自然(ran)保護區。行政區隸屬于西疇縣和文山縣。
文山(shan)國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區,位于滇東(dong)(dong)南(nan)文山(shan)壯族苗(miao)族自(zi)治州的文山(shan)縣和西疇縣境(jing)內,處于北回(hui)歸(gui)線附近(jin)。 地理坐(zuo)標:為(wei)東(dong)(dong)經103°53′~104°10′、104°41′~104°52′,北緯23°16′~23°25′、23°21′~23°24′。
保(bao)護區內主(zhu)要為(wei)黃壤、黃棕壤分布(bu),PH值(zhi)6-6.5,厚度(du)(du)60至120厘米,坡(po)向3/4的(de)為(wei)北向(陰坡(po)),坡(po)度(du)(du)15-25度(du)(du)之間。
文(wen)山(shan)(shan)縣老君(jun)山(shan)(shan)片區(qu)在六詔山(shan)(shan)西南面,屬中山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)原地(di)貌,在古生代(dai)是一個(ge)活(huo)動地(di)槽,經過(guo)(guo)三迭紀前(qian)后(hou)的往復海(hai)侵、陷落、升降,再經過(guo)(guo)諾(nuo)利克期和拉丁尼克期的造山(shan)(shan)運動,隆(long)起形成現(xian)今(jin)的陸地(di)。從宏觀態勢(shi)看(kan),老君(jun)山(shan)(shan)片區(qu)呈現(xian)山(shan)(shan)體(ti)大,地(di)勢(shi)高,切割深,從西北(bei)向東南傾斜的特征。
西疇縣小(xiao)橋溝(gou)片區地勢沿山(shan)脊起伏(fu)變化不大(da),海拔1200m,相對(dui)(dui)高差683m。從法斗(dou)后山(shan)的水晶石梁(liang)子到小(xiao)橋溝(gou)的大(da)尖山(shan)一帶,相對(dui)(dui)高差250—300m,山(shan)脊稍為(wei)平(ping)緩,呈波浪狀起伏(fu)。又從西部(bu)的小(xiao)橋溝(gou)經法斗(dou),到東部(bu)的南昌(chang),以山(shan)脊線(xian)為(wei)界(jie),地質構造分異十(shi)分明顯(xian):北面為(wei)巖溶地貌,溶洞、漏斗(dou)、石芽(ya)、巖峰隨處可(ke)見;南面則屬山(shan)原(yuan)地貌,大(da)小(xiao)山(shan)脊線(xian)明顯(xian),全部(bu)為(wei)土(tu)山(shan)。
保護區地貌(mao)類型主要有中山(shan)山(shan)地、溶(rong)(rong)蝕丘陵地貌(mao)、斷(duan)陷(xian)溶(rong)(rong)蝕盆地、喀斯特各類微(wei)地貌(mao)侵蝕和溶(rong)(rong)蝕河谷。其中大部分地區為中山(shan)山(shan)地,溶(rong)(rong)蝕丘陵分布(bu)在保護區的東、南部及小(xiao)橋溝(gou)等地,峽(xia)谷地貌(mao)主要分布(bu)在薄竹(zhu)山(shan)花崗巖山(shan)體的四周(zhou),溶(rong)(rong)蝕寬谷主要分布(bu)在東部一帶,小(xiao)橋溝(gou)附(fu)近也有分布(bu)。
氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特征地處云(yun)南(nan)省東(dong)南(nan)部(bu)低(di)緯度高(gao)原(yuan),東(dong)南(nan)近北部(bu)灣(wan)(wan),西南(nan)離孟加拉灣(wan)(wan)不遠,屬南(nan)亞(ya)熱(re)帶季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou),隨海(hai)拔高(gao)低(di),兼(jian)有中亞(ya)熱(re)帶、北亞(ya)熱(re)帶、南(nan)亞(ya)熱(re)帶和溫帶氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)。
老(lao)君山片(pian)(pian)區(qu)地(di)處北回歸線南(nan)側,屬亞熱帶季風氣候區(qu),因受地(di)理位(wei)置、地(di)形、海拔等影響,具有明顯的(de)立體氣候特征。年(nian)平均氣溫14.5℃。山體下(xia)部(bu)與上(shang)部(bu)氣溫差(cha)異(yi)大(da),降雨(yu)量(liang)也(ye)有差(cha)別,老(lao)君山片(pian)(pian)年(nian)平均降水1022.2mm,山下(xia)部(bu)年(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)1000~1400mm,山上(shang)部(bu)年(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)則大(da)于1400mm。由(you)于山上(shang)部(bu)雨(yu)水較多,霧(wu)重,濕度大(da),所以森林(lin)茂密,林(lin)木軀干及枝(zhi)條密被苔蘚。
小橋(qiao)溝片區屬南亞熱帶季風氣候類型,常年(nian)受(shou)太平洋(yang)東南季風控制(zhi),以暖濕(shi)氣流為主,年(nian)均降雨(yu)量(liang)1200mm,降雨(yu)80%集中在5~10月,3~5月為干季。全年(nian)霜期(qi)不(bu)(bu)長。12月至(zhi)翌年(nian)2月,降雨(yu)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)多(duo),但常有迷漫(man)的(de)大霧,數日不(bu)(bu)散,能(neng)見(jian)度(du)僅5~10m,致使(shi)相(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)保持在80%以上,為常綠闊葉林(lin)生長發育提供了良好(hao)的(de)生境。
云南文山國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區(qu)位于滇東南文山壯族苗族自治州(zhou)的文山縣(xian)和西疇縣(xian)境(jing)內,地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為東經103°53′~104°10′、104°41′~104°52′,北緯23°16′~23°25′、23°21′~23°24′,保(bao)護區(qu)總面(mian)積(ji)344406hm2,核心區(qu)總面(mian)積(ji)為10304.62hm2,緩沖區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)7 793.48hm2,實驗(yan)區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)8 768.90hm2。
云南文(wen)山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區屬森(sen)林(lin)生態系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)類型的自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區。以保(bao)護(hu)(hu)華(hua)蓋木、長(chang)蕊木蘭(lan)等多種木蘭(lan)科植物,及其生態環(huan)境,季(ji)風(feng)常綠闊(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)和山地苔(tai)蘚常綠闊(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)生態系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)為目的。
保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)共有(you)野生種(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)187科946屬(shu)3085種(zhong),分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型分(fen)(fen)為世界分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)、熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)、溫帶(dai)(dai)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)、特(te)有(you)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)等(deng)15種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)占優勢,有(you)556屬(shu),占總屬(shu)數的62.4%,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又以熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)亞洲及(ji)其(qi)變形多特(te)有(you)屬(shu)僅29個(ge),顯示(shi)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)東亞植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系關系疏(shu)遠。種(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系顯示(shi)了(le)具(ju)有(you)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)性(xing)(xing)、古老性(xing)(xing)、特(te)有(you)性(xing)(xing)、過渡性(xing)(xing)等(deng)特(te)點。蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)屬(shu)的地理(li)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)可以劃分(fen)(fen)為世界分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)、泛熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)、舊(jiu)大陸熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)等(deng)11種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型,是一個(ge)亞熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)性(xing)(xing)質的區(qu)(qu)(qu)系,熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)屬(shu)和溫帶(dai)(dai)屬(shu)分(fen)(fen)別各占50%,且蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系類(lei)(lei)(lei)群豐富;保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內共有(you)大型真(zhen)菌(jun)139種(zhong)和7個(ge)未(wei)知種(zhong),微型真(zhen)菌(jun)30種(zhong)。
文山國家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)處于(yu)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)北緣與南(nan)(nan)亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)滇中(zhong)高原南(nan)(nan)部(bu)和(he)滇東(dong)喀斯特山地的(de)銜接部(bu)位,在(zai)(zai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)地理區(qu)(qu)(qu)劃上是(shi)華(hua)南(nan)(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、西南(nan)(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)與華(hua)中(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)分相互交匯的(de)地帶(dai)(dai)(dai),并與中(zhong)南(nan)(nan)半(ban)島的(de)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)、亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)有著密切(qie)的(de)聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi),各區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)分在(zai)(zai)這一地區(qu)(qu)(qu)均有出現,從而形成(cheng)(cheng)了一個種(zhong)(zhong)類較豐富(fu)、成(cheng)(cheng)分較復(fu)雜的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)組成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),東(dong)洋界成(cheng)(cheng)分占保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)總數的(de)80%以(yi)上,其余為(wei)廣布(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)極少數古(gu)北成(cheng)(cheng)分,區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)組成(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)華(hua)南(nan)(nan)成(cheng)(cheng)分為(wei)主,多(duo)數是(shi)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)亞(ya)(ya)和(he)舊大陸熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)一亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)分布(bu)型種(zhong)(zhong)類,屬舊大陸熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)分布(bu)型的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類不多(duo)。但在(zai)(zai)兩棲爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)組成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),以(yi)西南(nan)(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)成(cheng)(cheng)分為(wei)主,其次為(wei)華(hua)南(nan)(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)成(cheng)(cheng)分,有少數物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)屬熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)向北擴(kuo)散型。
保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)已記(ji)錄野生脊椎(zhui)動物共有31目103科(ke)459種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong),獸類(lei)(lei)9目29科(ke)60屬(shu)86種(zhong)(zhong),鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)13目37科(ke)221種(zhong)(zhong),兩棲爬行類(lei)(lei)5目22科(ke)56屬(shu)92種(zhong)(zhong),魚類(lei)(lei)4目15科(ke)44屬(shu)60種(zhong)(zhong)(亞種(zhong)(zhong))。其(qi)中(zhong)以鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)物種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)多(duo)樣性尤為突出(chu),與保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鄰近的(de)屏邊、河口縣的(de)大(da)(da)(da)圍山(shan)自然保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)相比較,該(gai)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)總面積僅為大(da)(da)(da)圍山(shan)國家級(ji)自然保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總面積15365km2的(de)23%,而所錄鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)亞種(zhong)(zhong)數卻占(zhan)大(da)(da)(da)圍山(shan)自然保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)所錄鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)數285種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)亞種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)78%。
文(wen)山國家(jia)級自然保護區(qu)已知昆(kun)蟲有11目75科222種(zhong)。
文(wen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)為切實做好(hao)老君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工作(zuo),文(wen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣積極采(cai)取措施強化管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。一是(shi)建(jian)立健(jian)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)機(ji)構,成立了文(wen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)老君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)分局(ju),對(dui)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)進行(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。二是(shi)從1999年(nian)起,將每(mei)年(nian)的(de)12月30日定為“老君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)日”,加大對(dui)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)宣傳力度(du)。三(san)是(shi)認(ren)真(zhen)組(zu)織實施《文(wen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣老君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)及周邊村(cun)社(she)綜合治理(li)(li)規劃》,在保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)周邊的(de)陳家(jia)(jia)寨、多依樹、東(dong)瓜(gua)林(lin)(lin)、格格沖、菖蒲(pu)塘(tang)(tang)等12個村(cun)436戶(hu)農戶(hu)中每(mei)戶(hu)聘請一名護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)林(lin)(lin)員(yuan)參與(yu)(yu)巡山(shan)(shan)(shan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),每(mei)戶(hu)每(mei)月補助100元(yuan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)林(lin)(lin)費。參與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)人員(yuan)以村(cun)編組(zu),由老君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)分局(ju)下屬的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)站(zhan)、瞭(liao)望臺職(zhi)工帶隊巡山(shan)(shan)(shan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)林(lin)(lin),認(ren)真(zhen)落實火源管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控各項措施,減少火情發(fa)生。四是(shi)每(mei)年(nian)的(de)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)防(fang)火期,聘請森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)消防(fang)專業撲(pu)火隊進駐(zhu)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)重點區(qu)(qu)(qu)域,加強火險(xian)防(fang)范(fan)。五是(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過實施保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)基礎設(she)施一期項目建(jian)設(she)(國(guo)家(jia)(jia)下達項目),加強森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)防(fang)火通(tong)(tong)(tong)訊和(he)基礎設(she)施建(jian)設(she),新建(jian)了薄竹山(shan)(shan)(shan)、石(shi)丫(ya)口(kou)瞭(liao)望臺和(he)菖蒲(pu)塘(tang)(tang)、腰店管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)站(zhan)以及老君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)分局(ju)機(ji)關辦公用房,改善了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)辦公和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)條件(jian),充實了防(fang)火物(wu)資、器械。六是(shi)深(shen)入調研(yan),認(ren)真(zhen)做好(hao)老君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)及周邊村(cun)社(she)綜合治理(li)(li)第二個十年(nian)規劃編制和(he)老君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)立法工作(zuo),通(tong)(tong)(tong)過綜合治理(li)(li)和(he)立法,以促(cu)進自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)發(fa)展。
文山國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然保(bao)護區復(fu)雜而(er)(er)(er)穩定的(de)地史(shi)條(tiao)件,使此(ci)地區成為許(xu)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)避難所(suo)或保(bao)存地,是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)滇、黔、桂(gui)古(gu)老(lao)(lao)而(er)(er)(er)特有(you)(you)中(zhong)心(xin)為重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)一部分,蘊藏著大(da)量的(de)古(gu)老(lao)(lao)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資源,如華蓋木(mu)、啄核(he)桃、伯樂樹(shu)等古(gu)老(lao)(lao)而(er)(er)(er)孤立(li)的(de)類(lei)(lei)群(qun),從而(er)(er)(er)一直受到植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)學家(jia)普遍(bian)重(zhong)(zhong)視。在(zai)(zai)保(bao)護區268.67平方公(gong)里的(de)范圍內,分布著蕨類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)45科100屬262種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)187科946屬3085種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分布密度達(da)每(mei)平方公(gong)里有(you)(you)12.5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)維管束(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu),植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹(shu)超過英倫三(san)島(dao)的(de)一倍。還分布有(you)(you)野生動物(wu)(wu)42目178科681種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)(guo)家(jia)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)和(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)各(ge)有(you)(you)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),列(lie)入國(guo)(guo)際貿易公(gong)約的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)168種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、動物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),保(bao)護區是(shi)華夏植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)群(qun)系的(de)核(he)心(xin)部分,是(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)演化(hua)的(de)主戰場之一,古(gu)老(lao)(lao)和(he)新生類(lei)(lei)類(lei)(lei)群(qun)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)同時發(fa)展,而(er)(er)(er)形成一個植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)演化(hua)的(de)歷史(shi)博物(wu)(wu)館,在(zai)(zai)科學上(shang)有(you)(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要價(jia)值。
保護區是(shi)木(mu)(mu)蘭科植(zhi)物的分(fen)布(bu)中(zhong)心(xin),木(mu)(mu)蘭科植(zhi)物要求較高的森林生(sheng)(sheng)境和(he)較高的濕度條件。全球僅有保護區內殘遺分(fen)布(bu)著數珠華(hua)蓋木(mu)(mu)大樹,一直受到國際上的特別關注。保護區還(huan)是(shi)豐富的模(mo)式(shi)種(zhong)類(lei)產地,在(zai)保護區3085種(zhong)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)子植(zhi)物中(zhong),共有162種(zhong)新植(zhi)物的模(mo)式(shi),是(shi)一個模(mo)式(shi)種(zhong)類(lei)極為集中(zhong)的地區,對(dui)植(zhi)物研究具有重(zhong)要的學術價值(zhi)。