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基本介紹

海(hai)淀(dian)鎮是中共海(hai)淀(dian)區(qu)(qu)委(wei)、區(qu)(qu)人(ren)大、區(qu)(qu)政(zheng)協、區(qu)(qu)政(zheng)府的駐地，有法院(yuan)、檢察院(yuan)、區(qu)(qu)武裝部(bu)、區(qu)(qu)公安分局(ju)(ju)、教育局(ju)(ju)等四十(shi)余個區(qu)(qu)屬機關。這里(li)有中學、小學、圖書城、圖書館(guan)、少年文化(hua)宮、醫院(yuan)、銀行、商(shang)場、酒樓、寫字(zi)樓、電子(zi)市(shi)場等服務(wu)配套設施，海(hai)淀(dian)鎮成為(wei)海(hai)淀(dian)區(qu)(qu)政(zheng)治、文化(hua)中心。

歷史沿革

元(yuan)初(chu)，翰林學士(shi)王仲謀(mou)曾(ceng)受命從燕(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)去上(shang)都治(zhi)所開平府，將沿途道(dao)里(li)風土記(ji)(ji)(ji)入《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)堂事記(ji)(ji)(ji)》一書，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提到海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。他寫道(dao)：“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)統二(er)(er)(er)年二(er)(er)(er)月五日丙(bing)寅未刻(ke)，發自(zi)燕(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)，是夕(xi)，宿通玄(xuan)北(bei)(bei)郭。六日丁卯午(wu)，憩(qi)海(hai)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，距京(jing)(jing)城二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)里(li)。是晚，宿南(nan)口新(xin)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，距海(hai)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)七十(shi)里(li)。”燕(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)，即金朝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心區(qu)在(zai)(zai)今宣(xuan)武區(qu)廣安門一帶(dai)。王仲謀(mou)所記(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)行程、時(shi)間、里(li)數(shu)和(he)實際(ji)正合。明萬(wan)歷(li)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)一年（1593）刻(ke)本出版的(de)《宛署(shu)雜記(ji)(ji)(ji)》，記(ji)(ji)(ji)述：“海(hai)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……俱(ju)縱橫北(bei)(bei)海(hai)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之四(si)方(fang)，與昌(chang)平州(zhou)地方(fang)犬牙(ya)。”稍后，《長安客話》云：“水所聚曰淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。高梁橋西(xi)北(bei)(bei)十(shi)里(li)，平地有泉，彪灑四(si)出，淙(cong)汩草木之間，潴為小(xiao)溪，凡數(shu)十(shi)處，北(bei)(bei)為北(bei)(bei)海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，南(nan)為南(nan)海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，遠樹(shu)參(can)差點，高下攢簇，間以(yi)(yi)水田，町塍相接，蓋神(shen)皋(gao)之佳(jia)麗(li)，效居之勝選也。”書中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還提到“北(bei)(bei)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有園(yuan)(yuan)一區(qu)，水曹郎米(mi)仲詔萬(wan)鐘新(xin)筑也，取(qu)海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一勺之意”。詩(shi)人呂(lv)九玄(xuan)做詩(shi)“元(yuan)宵疑向山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)賞，海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)翻(fan)從席上(shang)涵”贊美勺園(yuan)(yuan)。李(li)偉是明神(shen)宗朱(zhu)翊鈞的(de)外祖父，在(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建造清華園(yuan)(yuan)。沈德符在(zai)(zai)《萬(wan)歷(li)野獲編》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寫道(dao)：“海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……有戚畹李(li)武清新(xin)構(gou)亭館(guan)，大樓百畝(mu)，穿池疊(die)山(shan)所費已巨萬(wan)，尚屬經始耳。”清季已降，自(zi)康熙以(yi)(yi)后，王公大臣在(zai)(zai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或附近建園(yuan)(yuan)構(gou)宅。正像《天咫偶聞》書中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)描述的(de)“朱(zhu)門碧瓦(wa)，累(lei)棟連薨，與城中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無異”。成為京(jing)(jing)西(xi)第一大鎮(zhen)(zhen)。光緒二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)六年（1900），八國聯軍(jun)侵占(zhan)海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)“也是搶掠燒殺強奸等等，無所不為”。日偽統治(zhi)時(shi)期又(you)使得(de)海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)得(de)十(shi)分蕭(xiao)條(tiao)。1949年后，海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)才得(de)以(yi)(yi)復蘇，改革(ge)開放，海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)又(you)有翻(fan)天覆地的(de)變(bian)(bian)化。

從海淀胡同(tong)名稱看，大致可分為以(yi)(yi)下幾種歷(li)史(shi)淵(yuan)源(yuan)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)名稱：一(yi)系由海淀歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)沼(zhao)澤(ze)地帶遺(yi)存形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，如西上(shang)(shang)坡、大泡子、南(nan)(nan)海淀、北海淀、下洼子、龍鳳橋(qiao)西岔、泄水(shui)湖、大坑沿、大河莊(zhuang)、銀絲(si)溝、三角地、港溝；二(er)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)街巷形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，如雙(shuang)橋(qiao)東、后馬路、西柵欄(lan)、西大街、老虎洞、果(guo)子市、驢(lv)市口(kou)、絨線、南(nan)(nan)柵欄(lan)、南(nan)(nan)大街、南(nan)(nan)小(xiao)街；三是(shi)以(yi)(yi)廟(miao)宇形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，如娘娘廟(miao)、觀音閣、蘇公(gong)家(jia)廟(miao)；四是(shi)以(yi)(yi)象征吉祥(xiang)如意形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，如金龍館、辛莊(zhuang)、前辛莊(zhuang)、永辛莊(zhuang)、善緣橋(qiao)、彩和坊(fang)、太平院、太平莊(zhuang)；五(wu)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)清代軍機(ji)章京(jing)內外值盧形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，如軍機(ji)處；六是(shi)以(yi)(yi)水(shui)井形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)胡同(tong)，有雙(shuang)井、楊家(jia)井、大井、前官園、后官園；七(qi)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)皇室名義形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，如燈籠庫、菜庫、買(mai)賣街、蘇州街、官用冰窖；八是(shi)以(yi)(yi)婦女(nv)賢孝(xiao)貞節形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，有賢孝(xiao)牌(pai)；九是(shi)以(yi)(yi)動物(wu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，如鶯房、南(nan)(nan)羊圈、北羊圈、獸醫樁；十(shi)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)樹(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，如槐樹(shu)(shu)街、榆(yu)樹(shu)(shu)林(lin)、桃林(lin)。總之，海淀鎮歷(li)經七(qi)百四十(shi)年發展的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)滄桑，文化內涵的(de)(de)(de)沉(chen)積是(shi)十(shi)分豐富的(de)(de)(de)。