海(hai)淀鎮是中(zhong)共海(hai)淀區(qu)(qu)(qu)委、區(qu)(qu)(qu)人大、區(qu)(qu)(qu)政協、區(qu)(qu)(qu)政府的(de)駐(zhu)地,有法院、檢察院、區(qu)(qu)(qu)武裝部、區(qu)(qu)(qu)公安分(fen)局(ju)、教育局(ju)等四十余個區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬機關。這里(li)有中(zhong)學、小(xiao)學、圖書城、圖書館、少年文化(hua)宮、醫院、銀行、商場、酒(jiu)樓、寫字樓、電子市場等服務配(pei)套(tao)設施(shi),海(hai)淀鎮成為海(hai)淀區(qu)(qu)(qu)政治、文化(hua)中(zhong)心。
元(yuan)初,翰林(lin)學士王(wang)仲(zhong)謀曾受命從燕(yan)京(jing)去上都治所開平(ping)(ping)府(fu),將沿途道(dao)(dao)里風土記(ji)(ji)入《中(zhong)(zhong)堂(tang)事記(ji)(ji)》一書,其中(zhong)(zhong)提到海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀。他寫道(dao)(dao):“中(zhong)(zhong)統二年二月(yue)五日丙寅未刻,發自燕(yan)京(jing),是夕,宿(su)通(tong)玄北郭。六日丁卯午,憩海(hai)(hai)(hai)店(dian),距(ju)京(jing)城二十里。是晚,宿(su)南口新(xin)店(dian),距(ju)海(hai)(hai)(hai)店(dian)七十里。”燕(yan)京(jing),即金朝中(zhong)(zhong)都,其中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)區(qu)在今宣武區(qu)廣安(an)門(men)(men)一帶。王(wang)仲(zhong)謀所記(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)行(xing)程、時(shi)間、里數(shu)(shu)和(he)實際正(zheng)合。明萬歷二十一年(1593)刻本出版(ban)的(de)(de)《宛(wan)署雜(za)記(ji)(ji)》,記(ji)(ji)述:“海(hai)(hai)(hai)店(dian)……俱(ju)縱橫北海(hai)(hai)(hai)店(dian)之四方,與(yu)昌平(ping)(ping)州地方犬牙。”稍后(hou),《長安(an)客話(hua)》云:“水(shui)(shui)所聚(ju)曰淀。高梁橋(qiao)西北十里,平(ping)(ping)地有(you)泉,彪(biao)灑(sa)四出,淙汩草木之間,潴為小溪,凡數(shu)(shu)十處(chu),北為北海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀,南為南海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀,遠樹參差點,高下(xia)攢簇,間以(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)田(tian),町塍(cheng)相(xiang)接,蓋神皋(gao)之佳麗,效居之勝選也。”書中(zhong)(zhong)還提到“北淀有(you)園一區(qu),水(shui)(shui)曹郎米仲(zhong)詔(zhao)萬鐘新(xin)筑也,取海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀一勺(shao)之意”。詩人呂九玄做詩“元(yuan)宵疑向山中(zhong)(zhong)賞,海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀翻從席(xi)上涵”贊美勺(shao)園。李偉是明神宗(zong)朱翊(yi)鈞的(de)(de)外祖父,在北海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀建造清華園。沈德符(fu)在《萬歷野獲編》中(zhong)(zhong)寫道(dao)(dao):“海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀……有(you)戚畹李武清新(xin)構亭館,大樓百畝,穿(chuan)池疊山所費已巨萬,尚屬經始耳。”清季已降,自康(kang)熙以(yi)(yi)后(hou),王(wang)公大臣在鎮中(zhong)(zhong)或附近建園構宅。正(zheng)像《天咫偶聞(wen)》書中(zhong)(zhong)描述的(de)(de)“朱門(men)(men)碧瓦,累棟連薨,與(yu)城中(zhong)(zhong)無異”。成(cheng)為京(jing)西第一大鎮。光(guang)緒二十六年(1900),八國聯軍(jun)侵占海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀“也是搶掠(lve)燒(shao)殺強奸等(deng)等(deng),無所不為”。日偽統治時(shi)期又使(shi)得海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀變得十分蕭條(tiao)。1949年后(hou),海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀鎮才得以(yi)(yi)復蘇,改革開放(fang),海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀鎮又有(you)翻天覆地的(de)(de)變化。
從海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)胡(hu)同(tong)(tong)名(ming)稱看,大(da)(da)致(zhi)可分為以(yi)下幾種歷史(shi)淵源形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)稱:一系由海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)歷史(shi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沼澤(ze)地帶遺(yi)存形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)西上(shang)坡、大(da)(da)泡子、南(nan)(nan)海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)、北(bei)海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)、下洼子、龍鳳橋(qiao)西岔、泄水湖、大(da)(da)坑沿、大(da)(da)河莊、銀絲溝、三角地、港溝;二(er)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)街(jie)(jie)巷形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)雙(shuang)橋(qiao)東、后馬路、西柵(zha)欄、西大(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)、老(lao)虎洞、果(guo)子市、驢市口(kou)、絨線、南(nan)(nan)柵(zha)欄、南(nan)(nan)大(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)、南(nan)(nan)小街(jie)(jie);三是(shi)(shi)以(yi)廟宇形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)娘娘廟、觀(guan)音閣(ge)、蘇公(gong)家廟;四(si)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)象征吉祥如(ru)(ru)(ru)意形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)金龍館、辛(xin)莊、前辛(xin)莊、永辛(xin)莊、善緣(yuan)橋(qiao)、彩和坊、太平院、太平莊;五是(shi)(shi)以(yi)清代軍機章京內(nei)(nei)外(wai)值盧(lu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)軍機處(chu);六是(shi)(shi)以(yi)水井(jing)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)胡(hu)同(tong)(tong),有雙(shuang)井(jing)、楊(yang)家井(jing)、大(da)(da)井(jing)、前官園、后官園;七(qi)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)皇(huang)室名(ming)義形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)燈籠庫、菜庫、買(mai)賣街(jie)(jie)、蘇州街(jie)(jie)、官用冰窖(jiao);八(ba)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)婦(fu)女賢(xian)孝貞(zhen)節形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),有賢(xian)孝牌;九是(shi)(shi)以(yi)動(dong)物(wu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)鶯房(fang)、南(nan)(nan)羊圈、北(bei)羊圈、獸醫樁;十是(shi)(shi)以(yi)樹(shu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)槐樹(shu)街(jie)(jie)、榆樹(shu)林、桃林。總之,海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)鎮歷經七(qi)百四(si)十年發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)滄(cang)桑,文化內(nei)(nei)涵的(de)(de)(de)(de)沉積是(shi)(shi)十分豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)。