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基本介紹

海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)鎮是中(zhong)共海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)委、區(qu)(qu)(qu)人大(da)、區(qu)(qu)(qu)政(zheng)協、區(qu)(qu)(qu)政(zheng)府的駐地，有(you)法院(yuan)、檢察院(yuan)、區(qu)(qu)(qu)武裝部、區(qu)(qu)(qu)公安分局(ju)、教育局(ju)等(deng)四十(shi)余個區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬機關。這里有(you)中(zhong)學、小學、圖(tu)書城、圖(tu)書館(guan)、少年文(wen)化(hua)宮、醫(yi)院(yuan)、銀行、商場、酒樓(lou)(lou)、寫(xie)字樓(lou)(lou)、電(dian)子市場等(deng)服務配套(tao)設施，海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)鎮成為海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)政(zheng)治、文(wen)化(hua)中(zhong)心。

歷史沿革

元初，翰(han)林學士王(wang)仲(zhong)謀(mou)曾受命從(cong)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)京(jing)去上(shang)都(dou)治所(suo)開平府，將(jiang)沿途道(dao)里(li)(li)風(feng)土記入《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)堂事記》一(yi)書，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提到(dao)海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)。他寫道(dao)：“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)統二年二月五日丙寅未(wei)刻(ke)，發自燕(yan)(yan)(yan)京(jing)，是夕，宿(su)通(tong)玄(xuan)北郭。六日丁卯午(wu)，憩海(hai)(hai)店，距京(jing)城(cheng)二十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)。是晚，宿(su)南口新(xin)店，距海(hai)(hai)店七十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)。”燕(yan)(yan)(yan)京(jing)，即金朝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心區(qu)在今宣武(wu)區(qu)廣安(an)門一(yi)帶(dai)。王(wang)仲(zhong)謀(mou)所(suo)記的行程(cheng)、時(shi)間、里(li)(li)數和實際正合。明(ming)萬歷(li)二十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年（1593）刻(ke)本出版的《宛署雜記》，記述(shu)：“海(hai)(hai)店……俱縱橫北海(hai)(hai)店之(zhi)四方(fang)，與(yu)昌平州地(di)方(fang)犬牙(ya)。”稍后(hou)，《長安(an)客話》云：“水(shui)所(suo)聚曰淀(dian)(dian)(dian)。高梁橋西北十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)，平地(di)有(you)泉，彪灑(sa)四出，淙(cong)汩草木之(zhi)間，潴為(wei)(wei)小溪，凡數十(shi)(shi)處(chu)，北為(wei)(wei)北海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)，南為(wei)(wei)南海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)，遠樹參差點，高下攢(zan)簇，間以(yi)(yi)水(shui)田，町塍相(xiang)接，蓋神皋(gao)之(zhi)佳麗，效居(ju)之(zhi)勝選也(ye)(ye)。”書中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還提到(dao)“北淀(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)園一(yi)區(qu)，水(shui)曹郎米仲(zhong)詔萬鐘(zhong)新(xin)筑也(ye)(ye)，取海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)勺(shao)之(zhi)意”。詩(shi)人呂九玄(xuan)做(zuo)詩(shi)“元宵疑向(xiang)山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)賞，海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)翻(fan)從(cong)席(xi)上(shang)涵”贊美勺(shao)園。李(li)(li)偉(wei)是明(ming)神宗朱翊(yi)鈞的外祖(zu)父(fu)，在北海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)造清(qing)(qing)華園。沈德符(fu)在《萬歷(li)野獲編》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寫道(dao)：“海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)……有(you)戚畹(wan)李(li)(li)武(wu)清(qing)(qing)新(xin)構(gou)亭館，大(da)樓(lou)百畝，穿池疊山(shan)所(suo)費已巨(ju)萬，尚(shang)屬經始耳。”清(qing)(qing)季已降，自康熙(xi)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)，王(wang)公大(da)臣在鎮(zhen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或附近建(jian)園構(gou)宅(zhai)。正像《天(tian)咫(zhi)偶聞》書中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)描述(shu)的“朱門碧瓦(wa)，累棟連薨，與(yu)城(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無異”。成為(wei)(wei)京(jing)西第一(yi)大(da)鎮(zhen)。光緒二十(shi)(shi)六年（1900），八國聯軍侵占(zhan)海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)“也(ye)(ye)是搶掠(lve)燒殺強奸(jian)等等，無所(suo)不為(wei)(wei)”。日偽(wei)統治時(shi)期又(you)使(shi)得海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)變得十(shi)(shi)分(fen)蕭條(tiao)。1949年后(hou)，海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)才得以(yi)(yi)復蘇，改革開放，海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)又(you)有(you)翻(fan)天(tian)覆(fu)地(di)的變化。

從海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)胡同名稱看(kan)，大(da)(da)致可分(fen)為以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾種歷(li)(li)史(shi)淵源(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)名稱：一系由(you)海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)歷(li)(li)史(shi)上(shang)的(de)沼澤地帶遺存形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，如西(xi)上(shang)坡、大(da)(da)泡子、南(nan)海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)、北海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)、下(xia)(xia)洼子、龍鳳橋(qiao)(qiao)西(xi)岔、泄水湖、大(da)(da)坑沿、大(da)(da)河莊、銀絲溝、三(san)角地、港溝；二是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)街巷形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，如雙(shuang)橋(qiao)(qiao)東、后馬路、西(xi)柵(zha)欄、西(xi)大(da)(da)街、老虎洞(dong)、果子市(shi)(shi)、驢(lv)市(shi)(shi)口、絨線(xian)、南(nan)柵(zha)欄、南(nan)大(da)(da)街、南(nan)小街；三(san)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)廟宇(yu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，如娘娘廟、觀音閣、蘇公(gong)家廟；四(si)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)象(xiang)征(zheng)吉(ji)祥如意(yi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，如金龍館、辛(xin)莊、前辛(xin)莊、永辛(xin)莊、善(shan)緣橋(qiao)(qiao)、彩和坊、太平(ping)(ping)院、太平(ping)(ping)莊；五是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)清代軍機(ji)章京內外(wai)值盧(lu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，如軍機(ji)處；六(liu)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)水井形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)胡同，有雙(shuang)井、楊家井、大(da)(da)井、前官園(yuan)、后官園(yuan)；七是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)皇室名義形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，如燈籠庫(ku)、菜庫(ku)、買賣街、蘇州街、官用冰窖；八(ba)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)婦女(nv)賢孝貞節形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，有賢孝牌；九(jiu)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)動物形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，如鶯(ying)房、南(nan)羊圈、北羊圈、獸醫樁；十(shi)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)樹(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，如槐樹(shu)街、榆(yu)樹(shu)林(lin)、桃林(lin)。總之，海(hai)(hai)淀(dian)鎮歷(li)(li)經七百四(si)十(shi)年發展的(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)滄(cang)桑(sang)，文化內涵(han)的(de)沉積是(shi)(shi)十(shi)分(fen)豐富的(de)。