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基本介紹

海(hai)淀鎮是中共(gong)海(hai)淀區(qu)(qu)委(wei)、區(qu)(qu)人大、區(qu)(qu)政協(xie)、區(qu)(qu)政府(fu)的(de)駐地，有(you)(you)法院(yuan)、檢(jian)察院(yuan)、區(qu)(qu)武裝部(bu)、區(qu)(qu)公安分局、教(jiao)育局等四十余(yu)個區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)機(ji)關。這里有(you)(you)中學、小學、圖(tu)書城、圖(tu)書館、少年文(wen)化(hua)宮、醫院(yuan)、銀行、商(shang)場、酒樓、寫字樓、電子市(shi)場等服(fu)務配套設施，海(hai)淀鎮成為(wei)海(hai)淀區(qu)(qu)政治、文(wen)化(hua)中心(xin)。

歷史沿革

元初，翰林學士王仲謀曾受命(ming)從(cong)燕(yan)京去上都治所開平(ping)府，將沿途(tu)道(dao)(dao)里(li)(li)風土記(ji)(ji)入(ru)《中(zhong)(zhong)堂事記(ji)(ji)》一(yi)書，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)提到(dao)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。他寫(xie)道(dao)(dao)：“中(zhong)(zhong)統二年二月五日(ri)丙寅未刻，發自(zi)燕(yan)京，是(shi)(shi)(shi)夕，宿(su)通玄(xuan)北(bei)(bei)郭(guo)。六(liu)日(ri)丁卯(mao)午，憩海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)店(dian)(dian)，距京城二十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)晚，宿(su)南(nan)(nan)口新(xin)店(dian)(dian)，距海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)店(dian)(dian)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)。”燕(yan)京，即金朝中(zhong)(zhong)都，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)區(qu)在今宣武(wu)區(qu)廣安(an)門(men)(men)一(yi)帶。王仲謀所記(ji)(ji)的行(xing)程、時間、里(li)(li)數(shu)和實際正(zheng)合。明萬(wan)(wan)歷二十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年（1593）刻本出版的《宛署(shu)雜記(ji)(ji)》，記(ji)(ji)述：“海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)店(dian)(dian)……俱縱(zong)橫北(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)店(dian)(dian)之(zhi)四方，與昌(chang)平(ping)州(zhou)地(di)方犬(quan)牙(ya)。”稍后(hou)，《長(chang)安(an)客話》云：“水所聚曰淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。高(gao)梁橋西北(bei)(bei)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)，平(ping)地(di)有(you)(you)泉，彪(biao)灑四出，淙汩草木之(zhi)間，潴為(wei)小溪，凡(fan)數(shu)十(shi)(shi)處，北(bei)(bei)為(wei)北(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，南(nan)(nan)為(wei)南(nan)(nan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，遠(yuan)樹參差點，高(gao)下攢簇，間以(yi)水田(tian)，町塍相接，蓋神皋之(zhi)佳麗，效居(ju)之(zhi)勝選(xuan)也(ye)。”書中(zhong)(zhong)還提到(dao)“北(bei)(bei)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)園(yuan)一(yi)區(qu)，水曹郎(lang)米仲詔萬(wan)(wan)鐘新(xin)筑也(ye)，取(qu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)勺(shao)之(zhi)意”。詩人呂(lv)九玄(xuan)做詩“元宵疑向(xiang)山中(zhong)(zhong)賞，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)翻從(cong)席上涵”贊美勺(shao)園(yuan)。李(li)偉是(shi)(shi)(shi)明神宗朱(zhu)(zhu)翊(yi)鈞的外(wai)祖父(fu)，在北(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)造清華園(yuan)。沈德符(fu)在《萬(wan)(wan)歷野獲編》中(zhong)(zhong)寫(xie)道(dao)(dao)：“海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……有(you)(you)戚畹李(li)武(wu)清新(xin)構(gou)亭館，大樓百(bai)畝，穿池(chi)疊山所費已(yi)巨萬(wan)(wan)，尚屬經始耳。”清季已(yi)降，自(zi)康熙(xi)以(yi)后(hou)，王公大臣在鎮中(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)附近建(jian)園(yuan)構(gou)宅。正(zheng)像《天咫(zhi)偶聞》書中(zhong)(zhong)描述的“朱(zhu)(zhu)門(men)(men)碧瓦，累棟連薨，與城中(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)異”。成為(wei)京西第(di)一(yi)大鎮。光緒二十(shi)(shi)六(liu)年（1900），八國聯軍侵占(zhan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)“也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)搶掠(lve)燒殺強奸等(deng)等(deng)，無(wu)所不為(wei)”。日(ri)偽統治時期又(you)使(shi)得海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變得十(shi)(shi)分蕭條。1949年后(hou)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鎮才得以(yi)復(fu)蘇，改革開放，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鎮又(you)有(you)(you)翻天覆地(di)的變化(hua)。

從海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)胡同(tong)名(ming)稱看(kan)，大(da)(da)致可分為以(yi)(yi)下幾種歷(li)史(shi)(shi)淵源形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)名(ming)稱：一系由(you)海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)上(shang)的(de)(de)沼澤地帶遺(yi)存形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)，如(ru)(ru)西(xi)(xi)上(shang)坡、大(da)(da)泡子(zi)、南海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)、北海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)、下洼子(zi)、龍鳳(feng)橋(qiao)(qiao)西(xi)(xi)岔、泄水湖(hu)、大(da)(da)坑沿、大(da)(da)河莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、銀絲溝、三角地、港(gang)溝；二是(shi)以(yi)(yi)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)巷(xiang)形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)，如(ru)(ru)雙橋(qiao)(qiao)東、后(hou)馬(ma)路、西(xi)(xi)柵欄(lan)、西(xi)(xi)大(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、老虎(hu)洞、果子(zi)市、驢市口、絨線、南柵欄(lan)、南大(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、南小街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)；三是(shi)以(yi)(yi)廟宇(yu)形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)，如(ru)(ru)娘娘廟、觀(guan)音閣、蘇公家廟；四是(shi)以(yi)(yi)象征(zheng)吉祥如(ru)(ru)意形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)，如(ru)(ru)金龍館、辛莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、前(qian)辛莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、永辛莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、善緣橋(qiao)(qiao)、彩和(he)坊、太平院、太平莊(zhuang)(zhuang)；五(wu)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)清(qing)代(dai)軍機章京內外值盧形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)，如(ru)(ru)軍機處；六是(shi)以(yi)(yi)水井(jing)(jing)(jing)形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)胡同(tong)，有雙井(jing)(jing)(jing)、楊家井(jing)(jing)(jing)、大(da)(da)井(jing)(jing)(jing)、前(qian)官園、后(hou)官園；七是(shi)以(yi)(yi)皇室(shi)名(ming)義形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)，如(ru)(ru)燈籠庫、菜庫、買賣街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、蘇州街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、官用冰窖；八是(shi)以(yi)(yi)婦女賢孝貞節形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)，有賢孝牌(pai)；九是(shi)以(yi)(yi)動物形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)，如(ru)(ru)鶯房、南羊(yang)圈(quan)、北羊(yang)圈(quan)、獸醫樁；十(shi)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)樹形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)，如(ru)(ru)槐樹街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、榆樹林、桃林。總之，海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)鎮(zhen)歷(li)經七百四十(shi)年發(fa)展的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)滄桑，文化(hua)內涵(han)的(de)(de)沉積是(shi)十(shi)分豐(feng)富的(de)(de)。