東昌古城即聊城古城,統稱為山東聊城古城。東昌古城被世界較寬,面積較大的護城河東昌湖所環繞,北宋時期的城垣。城呈正方形,總面積約1平方公里。古(gu)城特(te)色有:光岳樓、山陜會(hui)館、東昌(chang)湖等。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)始建于宋熙寧三年(nian)(1070),初為(wei)土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。明(ming)洪(hong)武五年(nian)(1372),東昌平山衛指揮僉(qian)事陳鏞(yong)改筑為(wei)磚城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)周(zhou)長3.5千米,高11.7米,頂寬6.7米,基厚11.7米。內墻(qiang)(qiang)用三合土夯(hang)筑,外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)用磚石砌壘。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設4門(men),上筑門(men)樓(lou),外(wai)設甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。南(nan)、東、西(xi)(xi)(xi)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)扭頭門(men),南(nan)門(men)東向似鳳(feng)頭,東、西(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)南(nan)向似鳳(feng)翅,北門(men)北向似鳳(feng)尾,故名(ming)“鳳(feng)凰(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。四(si)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)樓(lou)皆重檐歇山,四(si)角飛翹,東曰“春(chun)熙”,西(xi)(xi)(xi)曰“清遠”,南(nan)曰“正德”,北曰“宣(xuan)武”。明(ming)萬歷七年(nian)(1579),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)上又建垛口2700余個(ge)、敵樓(lou)27座;4城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)樓(lou)更名(ming),東曰“寅賓”,西(xi)(xi)(xi)曰“納日”,南(nan)曰“南(nan)熏”,北曰“鎖鑰”。各個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)均有(you)(you)水(shui)門(men)、吊橋。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東北角、西(xi)(xi)(xi)北角原有(you)(you)“望岳(yue)”“綠云”2樓(lou)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高大堅固,易(yi)守難攻(gong),大有(you)(you)高屋建瓴、睥(pi)睨四(si)鄰之勢(shi),又有(you)(you)“能陷不失(shi)的(de)鳳(feng)凰(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”之說。
1947年1月聊(liao)城(cheng)(cheng)解(jie)放(fang),為(wei)防止敵軍重占,遂將(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)拆除。現(xian)僅(jin)存城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)墻(qiang)基,并被辟為(wei)環(huan)繞古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)道(dao)路。光岳樓仍(reng)高高矗立(li)于(yu)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)央。以光岳樓為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),向(xiang)四(si)面輻射,形(xing)成東(dong)(dong)西(xi)南(nan)北(bei)4條大街(jie)(jie)。4條大街(jie)(jie)向(xiang)外延(yan)伸,依(yi)次有東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)、南(nan)、北(bei)4口(kou)、4門、4關。城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)街(jie)(jie)道(dao),經緯(wei)分(fen)明,垂直交叉(cha),形(xing)成棋盤方格網狀骨(gu)架(jia)。城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)民居(ju)多(duo)為(wei)三合院、四(si)合院,至(zhi)今(jin)保(bao)留著白墻(qiang)、灰瓦(wa)、坡(po)屋頂的(de)(de)傳(chuan)統建筑風格。古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)以東(dong)(dong),是運(yun)河城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu),為(wei)明清(qing)時期發展起(qi)來的(de)(de)商埠區(qu)。這一帶(dai)的(de)(de)街(jie)(jie)巷(xiang)多(duo)布(bu)列在運(yun)河兩岸(an),隨坡(po)就勢,依(yi)河而建,大小(xiao)(xiao)街(jie)(jie)衢(qu)皆與(yu)運(yun)河相通,形(xing)成放(fang)射狀骨(gu)架(jia)。其街(jie)(jie)巷(xiang)今(jin)仍(reng)沿(yan)用原(yuan)來的(de)(de)名稱。如(ru)南(nan)順(shun)河街(jie)(jie)、北(bei)順(shun)河街(jie)(jie)、館驛街(jie)(jie)等;沿(yan)河民居(ju)多(duo)為(wei)前店后居(ju)、板(ban)門小(xiao)(xiao)院。古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)隔(ge)東(dong)(dong)昌湖與(yu)聊(liao)城(cheng)(cheng)新(xin)區(qu)緊密(mi)相連。從空中(zhong)(zhong)俯瞰,湖水像一幅巨大的(de)(de)緞帶(dai)環(huan)繞古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng),古(gu)(gu)老的(de)(de)大運(yun)河似玉帶(dai)在古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)蜿(wan)蜒而過,鐵塔、光岳樓、山陜會館如(ru)明珠閃(shan)爍于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)湖畔(pan)。
歷(li)史的(de)淵(yuan)源給東昌(chang)古城(cheng)留下(xia)了繁多的(de)文(wen)化藝(yi)術和生活氣息。民(min)(min)間(jian)剪紙、東昌(chang)葫蘆、木版年畫(hua)等民(min)(min)間(jian)藝(yi)術,還有(you)古城(cheng)的(de)狀(zhuang)元街(jie)(jie)、考(kao)院街(jie)(jie)、十縣(xian)胡同、火(huo)神廟街(jie)(jie)、關帝廟街(jie)(jie)等傳統風貌街(jie)(jie)……提起這些文(wen)化見證(zheng),古城(cheng)老居民(min)(min)津津樂道。
古城(cheng)區共(gong)有九(jiu)街(jie)十八巷、七(qi)十二胡同。明清時期,大(da)部分政府職能(neng)部門集中在古城(cheng)的(de)西北部。直(zhi)到現(xian)在,老(lao)人(ren)們還可以很容易地指出哪里(li)是(shi)道署衙(ya)門,哪里(li)是(shi)文廟,哪里(li)是(shi)驛所。而在老(lao)城(cheng)的(de)南半(ban)部,居(ju)住的(de)都是(shi)當(dang)年(nian)的(de)大(da)戶人(ren)家(jia),一(yi)些(xie)街(jie)道也就因附近的(de)寺廟和人(ren)家(jia)得(de)名(ming)。
東(dong)昌府在明、清(qing)時期曾(ceng)為古運(yun)河(he)沿線九(jiu)大商埠之一,被(bei)譽為“漕挽之咽喉,天都(dou)之肘腋,江(jiang)北一都(dou)會”。明清(qing)兩代東(dong)昌府得益(yi)于京杭大運(yun)河(he)漕運(yun)而(er)(er)興盛,經濟繁(fan)榮、文化昌盛達400年之久。而(er)(er)乾隆皇帝御筆題名的天下(xia)第一樓——光岳樓,是(shi)康(kang)乾盛世(shi)康(kang)熙(xi)帝四次(ci)駕臨、乾隆帝九(jiu)次(ci)駐蹕的地(di)方。
如今的(de)東昌古(gu)城,依(yi)然保(bao)持著原有(you)的(de)城市格局(ju)——4條經(jing)緯分(fen)明的(de)古(gu)老街(jie)道向(xiang)四處延伸,通過(guo)長(chang)長(chang)的(de)拱橋(qiao)與湖(hu)對岸連(lian)接。從第(di)一次古(gu)城規劃算起,五(wu)十多年來,東昌古(gu)城特(te)色(se)格局(ju)基本沒有(you)改變,這在各(ge)地(di)古(gu)城保(bao)護行列中稱得上是一個(ge)“奇(qi)跡”。在齊(qi)魯大地(di)有(you)一座被譽為“東方(fang)威尼斯(si)”、“中國(guo)江(jiang)北水(shui)城”的(de)鳳凰古(gu)城,方(fang)方(fang)正(zheng)正(zheng)、狀如棋盤(pan),在環(huan)城湖(hu)的(de)環(huan)繞下(xia),悠然而寧靜(jing)地(di)漂浮在千(qian)頃碧波之上……
滄海桑田,千百年來(lai),隨著(zhu)時代的(de)(de)變遷早(zao)已(yi)是換了人間,而臥榻于黃河(he)下游(you)的(de)(de)聊城依(yi)然(ran)保留著(zhu)它(ta)原(yuan)有(you)的(de)(de)古樸(pu)。這座被世(shi)人譽(yu)為東方(fang)威尼斯的(de)(de)中(zhong)國江(jiang)北水城,以它(ta)獨有(you)的(de)(de)城中(zhong)有(you)水、水中(zhong)有(you)城的(de)(de)優(you)勢吸(xi)引著(zhu)天下游(you)人。
悠久的(de)(de)(de)歷史為(wei)聊城(cheng)(cheng)留下(xia)了眾多的(de)(de)(de)景(jing)觀,光(guang)岳曉晴、巢(chao)父遺牧、崇(chong)(chong)武連墻(qiang)、綠云春曙、古(gu)秋鋪瓊、圣泉攜雨、仙(xian)閣(ge)云護、鐵(tie)塔煙霏合稱八大(da)勝景(jing)。今存聊城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)建筑(zhu)光(guang)岳樓(lou)與山(shan)陜會(hui)館均于(yu)1956年(nian)被山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)列為(wei)省(sheng)文物重點保(bao)護單位。馳(chi)名中外的(de)(de)(de)京(jing)杭大(da)運(yun)河象(xiang)一條游龍越境而(er)過。江北較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)造湖東(dong)昌湖,猶如錦帶環抱古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)。光(guang)岳樓(lou),沖漢(han)凌(ling)空,氣勢雄偉為(wei)魯西的(de)(de)(de)一大(da)奇(qi)觀。山(shan)陜會(hui)館構筑(zhu)巧(qiao)妙,富麗(li)堂(tang)皇建于(yu)宋金之際的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)塔,俊崇(chong)(chong)渾樸為(wei)聊城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)老的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)征(zheng)。藏書(shu)甲天下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)海源閣(ge)古(gu)樸莊重藏書(shu)宏富,為(wei)清(qing)(qing)(qing)代著(zhu)(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)4大(da)私人(ren)(ren)藏書(shu)樓(lou)之一。初(chu)建于(yu)北宋末年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)獅(shi)子(zi)樓(lou),雕梁畫棟,因傳(chuan)說(shuo)武松(song)(song)在此斗殺西門慶而(er)聞(wen)名海內外。造型獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)臨清(qing)(qing)(qing)清(qing)(qing)(qing)真寺、雄偉壯觀的(de)(de)(de)舍利塔、坐落于(yu)東(dong)阿(a)魚山(shan)西麓的(de)(de)(de)曹植墓、聞(wen)名遐邇的(de)(de)(de)武松(song)(song)打(da)虎處-景(jing)陽岡無(wu)不凝聚著(zhu)(zhu)先人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)智慧標(biao)志(zhi)著(zhu)(zhu)歷史的(de)(de)(de)文明閃爍著(zhu)(zhu)中華民族文化(hua)藝術的(de)(de)(de)燦爛(lan)異(yi)彩。
聊(liao)城(cheng)光(guang)岳樓位于(yu)古城(cheng)中央,建(jian)于(yu)明洪武(wu)七年(nian)(nian)(1374年(nian)(nian)),其通高(gao)33米,合九丈(zhang)九尺,是(shi)極陽之(zhi)數,合于(yu)易理;分五層(ceng)而建(jian),暗(an)對河洛(luo)之(zhi)數。光(guang)岳樓是(shi)歷(li)史文化名(ming)城(cheng)聊(liao)城(cheng)的標志性建(jian)筑,也是(shi)目前中國(guo)現存(cun)的高(gao)大、古老(lao)的古樓閣之(zhi)一,是(shi)全國(guo)重點(dian)文物保護單位。
聊城(cheng)光岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)由當(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)昌(chang)衛(wei)守御指揮(hui)僉事陳鏞(yong)出于“嚴更(geng)漏而窺(kui)敵望遠”的(de)(de)軍(jun)事需要用(yong)修城(cheng)所剩余的(de)(de)木料修建的(de)(de),當(dang)時(shi)(shi),人們稱(cheng)它(ta)為(wei)“余木樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”。又因此樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)有鼓聲報(bao)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)功能,人們也稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)“鼓樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”。明成(cheng)化二十二年(nian)(1486年(nian)),知(zhi)府楊能在維(wei)修該樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)時(shi)(shi),因地而名(ming),稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)“東(dong)(dong)昌(chang)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”。明弘治(zhi)九年(nian)(1496年(nian)),吏部(bu)考功員外郎(lang)李贊過東(dong)(dong)昌(chang),訪太(tai)守金天(tian)錫先生,共(gong)登此樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),對(dui)該樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)贊嘆不已,“因嘆斯樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),天(tian)下所無,雖(sui)黃鶴(he)、岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陽亦(yi)(yi)當(dang)望拜(bai)。及今(jin)百年(nian)矣,尚寞落無名(ming)稱(cheng),不亦(yi)(yi)屈乎。因與天(tian)錫評命之(zhi)(zhi)曰‘光岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)’,取其(qi)近魯有光于岱岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也”。此后(hou),歷代重修碑記(ji)中,一直沿用(yong)“光岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”的(de)(de)名(ming)稱(cheng)。光岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)外觀為(wei)四重檐歇(xie)山十字脊過街式樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)閣,從構造上可分(fen)為(wei)墩臺和主樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)兩大部(bu)分(fen)。
墩臺(tai)(tai)(tai)為磚石砌(qi)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正四(si)(si)棱臺(tai)(tai)(tai),底(di)邊(bian)長34.43米,與光岳樓(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總高度(du)相(xiang)近,垂直高度(du)9.38米。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東、西、南、北四(si)(si)面中部,各設有(you)一(yi)半(ban)券拱(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men),券至臺(tai)(tai)(tai)中心處成(cheng)十字交叉(cha)拱(gong)。四(si)(si)個券門(men)(men)(men)(men)上(shang)方(fang),各砌(qi)有(you)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)額(e)。南曰(yue):“文明”,北曰(yue):“武定”,東曰(yue):“太平”,西曰(yue):“興(xing)禮”。值得(de)注(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是,北門(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“武定”帶有(you)濃(nong)郁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍事色彩,應與明朝建國初(chu)期對北方(fang)蒙古殘存勢力(li)還抱有(you)戒(jie)心有(you)關。在南向拱(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)兩側(ce),又各開一(yi)小拱(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men),形(xing)(xing)制與中間拱(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)似,東側(ce)小門(men)(men)(men)(men)門(men)(men)(men)(men)額(e)用青石刻成(cheng),上(shang)書(shu)“鳳城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)仙(xian)(xian)闕(que)”,西側(ce)刻有(you)“閬(lang)苑(yuan)瀛(ying)洲(zhou)”。“鳳城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)仙(xian)(xian)闕(que)”中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“鳳城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,取名于聊(liao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)舊有(you)鳳凰(huang)落古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)。“仙(xian)(xian)闕(que)”,這(zhe)里(li)指神(shen)仙(xian)(xian)所住之(zhi)處。讀來意境縹緲,給(gei)人以仙(xian)(xian)山瓊閣(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯想。“閬(lang)苑(yuan)瀛(ying)洲(zhou)”中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“閬(lang)苑(yuan)”,即傳(chuan)說(shuo)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)仙(xian)(xian)住處。“瀛(ying)洲(zhou)”,指傳(chuan)說(shuo)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仙(xian)(xian)島。兩額(e)雖不相(xiang)同,卻都在烘托超然(ran)物外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仙(xian)(xian)境氣氛。西門(men)(men)(men)(men)為假(jia)門(men)(men)(men)(men),只存形(xing)(xing)式,以求和東門(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)稱。東門(men)(men)(men)(men)則是登樓(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惟一(yi)通道(dao)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)寬3.14米,拱(gong)高1.75米。而實(shi)際使用仍顯過大,于是在券內另砌(qi)小券,門(men)(men)(men)(men)洞寬僅1.86米。踏(ta)門(men)(men)(men)(men)而人,門(men)(men)(men)(men)內為一(yi)方(fang)室(shi),東設踏(ta)跺,升(sheng)(sheng)四(si)(si)級至梯臺(tai)(tai)(tai),南壁有(you)一(yi)小窗,以供通風采光之(zhi)用。游(you)人可借光北轉(zhuan),信步(bu)攀37級而到(dao)達平臺(tai)(tai)(tai)。平臺(tai)(tai)(tai)面積(ji)不大,卻可駐足小憩(qi)。游(you)人到(dao)此多有(you)停(ting)留休息(xi)。然(ran)后再(zai)升(sheng)(sheng)15級到(dao)達臺(tai)(tai)(tai)面。
臺(tai)面(mian)上修一敞(chang)軒(xuan),以防雨水(shui)侵入梯(ti)臺(tai)。其建(jian)筑年(nian)代為(wei)(wei)清乾(qian)隆年(nian)間(jian),位置恰在樓(lou)東(dong)之中軸線上,由(you)于(yu)東(dong)門為(wei)(wei)主要大(da)道(dao),增其建(jian)筑以為(wei)(wei)標志。敞(chang)軒(xuan)面(mian)闊5間(jian),進深3間(jian),單(dan)檐歇山(shan)卷棚頂,輕巧明(ming)快。在敞(chang)軒(xuan)樓(lou)梯(ti)口處掛有當代著名(ming)書法名(ming)家啟功先生所題寫的“共登(deng)青云梯(ti)”木刻匾額,字體清秀,筆力遒勁。臺(tai)面(mian)墁磚(zhuan),繞(rao)以女兒(er)墻,東(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)側設(she)有排水(shui)道(dao)。站在墻邊(bian),舉目(mu)四眺:遙(yao)瞻東(dong)南,岱岳峰巒(luan),若隱若現;放眼南望,岸堤(di)垂(chui)柳,菡萏滿(man)湖;縱(zong)目(mu)北矚(zhu),綠(lv)樹掩映,瓦舍叢簇;仰視(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)外,阡(qian)陌縱(zong)橫,柳暗花明(ming);回首(shou)俯視(shi),東(dong)昌湖水(shui)宛若錦帶(dai),環(huan)抱古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng),湖城(cheng)(cheng)一色,饒有佳趣。
登(deng)上樓(lou)(lou)基,便可(ke)見四(si)層(ceng)主樓(lou)(lou)筑(zhu)于(yu)高(gao)(gao)臺(tai)之上,且全(quan)為木質結(jie)構。方形(xing)(xing)樓(lou)(lou)體外繞以圍廊(lang)(lang),高(gao)(gao)約24米。共(gong)有金柱(zhu)(zhu)192根(gen),斗拱200朵。第一(yi)層(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)的地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)比(bi)臺(tai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)略高(gao)(gao),呈正(zheng)方形(xing)(xing),四(si)周砌以條石,面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊進深皆為5間,用內外雙(shuang)槽柱(zhu)(zhu),外加圍廊(lang)(lang),結(jie)構清(qing)爽明(ming)(ming)了。墻(qiang)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)飾紅堊,內側無粉(fen)飾,呈露(lu)清(qing)水磚墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。樓(lou)(lou)四(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)明(ming)(ming)間均(jun)設板門兩扇,古樸典雅(ya)。
碑(bei)(bei)(bei)廊是由(you)7通(tong)立(li)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)、15塊(kuai)壁(bi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)形成(cheng)的(de)。除了兩塊(kuai)壁(bi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)嵌(qian)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樓(lou)內壁(bi)外(wai)(wai)(wai),其(qi)(qi)余20塊(kuai)都在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樓(lou)檐下或是外(wai)(wai)(wai)壁(bi)上。觀(guan)其(qi)(qi)內容,或為修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)葺勒石,或為詩文(wen),有(you)(you)著極高(gao)的(de)歷史(shi)、文(wen)學和藝(yi)術價值。其(qi)(qi)中,乾隆(long)詩碑(bei)(bei)(bei)是其(qi)(qi)中的(de)精品。乾隆(long)詩碑(bei)(bei)(bei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)共有(you)(you)兩塊(kuai),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)立(li)在(zai)(zai)東(dong)(dong)門外(wai)(wai)(wai)北(bei),刻有(you)(you)乾隆(long)于庚(geng)子(zi)年(nian)(nian)(1780年(nian)(nian))、甲(jia)辰(chen)年(nian)(nian)(1784年(nian)(nian))、庚(geng)戌年(nian)(nian)(1790年(nian)(nian)),三次御制詩章(zhang)共七首。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)為壁(bi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei),嵌(qian)在(zai)(zai)南門外(wai)(wai)(wai)東(dong)(dong)壁(bi)上,刻有(you)(you)乾隆(long)丙申(1776年(nian)(nian)),御制詩作(zuo)(zuo)二(er)(er)(er)首。此外(wai)(wai)(wai),還包括一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)光岳(yue)樓(lou)的(de)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen),是研究光岳(yue)樓(lou)建筑的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要史(shi)料。《重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)東(dong)(dong)昌府并光岳(yue)樓(lou)記(ji)》碑(bei)(bei)(bei)立(li)于南門外(wai)(wai)(wai),為清(qing)順治五年(nian)(nian)(1649年(nian)(nian)),清(qing)代開國狀元,康熙之師(shi)傅以漸書丹。此外(wai)(wai)(wai),還有(you)(you)由(you)聊城進士、戶(hu)部主事(shi)梁璽撰寫(xie)(xie)的(de)明成(cheng)化二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(1488年(nian)(nian))的(de)《重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)東(dong)(dong)昌樓(lou)記(ji)》碑(bei)(bei)(bei);由(you)聊城進士、禮部右侍郎(lang)許成(cheng)名于明嘉靖十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(1534年(nian)(nian))撰寫(xie)(xie)的(de)《重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)光岳(yue)樓(lou)記(ji)》;由(you)時任湖北(bei)安(an)襄荊鄖(yun)道(dao)員、海源閣(ge)創建人楊以增撰寫(xie)(xie)于清(qing)道(dao)光二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1840年(nian)(nian))的(de)《重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)光岳(yue)樓(lou)記(ji)》碑(bei)(bei)(bei)分別立(li)于東(dong)(dong)門以及四門外(wai)(wai)(wai)。在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樓(lou)的(de)東(dong)(dong)門額上,還懸有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木質(zhi)的(de)“泰(tai)岱東(dong)(dong)來(lai)作(zuo)(zuo)翠屏”橫匾,白地黑字,為清(qing)代山東(dong)(dong)學使施閏章(zhang)題寫(xie)(xie)。
一(yi)樓(lou)門內北面,在明間(jian)檐(yan)柱與金柱穿插枋上設著魯(lu)班神龕。龕內有魯(lu)班神像。之所以供奉魯(lu)班,一(yi)是(shi)因為魯(lu)班是(shi)木(mu)匠的(de)祖師(shi),光(guang)岳樓(lou)主樓(lou)為木(mu)質結(jie)構(gou),意(yi)為建造技術高超(chao)堪稱(cheng)魯(lu)班神工。魯(lu)班龕上,懸(xuan)掛著“巧奪天工”的(de)木(mu)質匾額,白底(di)黑字,為清(qing)代最后一(yi)個皇帝溥儀之弟溥杰(jie)所題。在魯(lu)班神龕左右金柱上,還木(mu)刻有原聊城縣長孫桐峰(feng)撰文,蔣(jiang)維崧先生(sheng)重(zhong)書的(de)楹聯一(yi)副:“泰山東峙,黃河西臨(lin),岳色(se)濤聲,憑欄把酒無限好(hao);層臺射書,微鄉明志,人(ren)杰(jie)地靈,登樓(lou)懷(huai)古(gu)有余馨”。
二層樓(lou)(lou)內有文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge),很(hen)值得游人駐足。文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)是由板壁圍成的(de)(de)一個(ge)長方形室(shi),其中(zhong)(zhong)又分(fen)為(wei)(wei)大、小間(jian),周圍金柱。方室(shi)南向中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)辟門,左(zuo)右開圓窗。仰視之上(shang)為(wei)(wei)空(kong)井,可見(jian)四層梁架。此室(shi)過去為(wei)(wei)供“文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)帝君”之用(yong),故名文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)。清代(dai)乾(qian)(qian)隆皇帝七下江南,六次東巡,九次過東昌(chang)(chang)府(fu),五次登(deng)光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou),并多次住(zhu)在文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)內,曾先后為(wei)(wei)光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)賦詩十三首。因(yin)此,文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)也叫“乾(qian)(qian)隆行宮(gong)”。現在閣(ge)(ge)(ge)內塑(su)有乾(qian)(qian)隆像(xiang),以示紀念。在文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)門額上(shang),懸有中(zhong)(zhong)國近代(dai)史(shi)學家郭(guo)沫若先生題寫(xie)的(de)(de)“光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)”匾額。白底黑字(zi),長1.2米(mi)(mi),寬0.5米(mi)(mi)。在文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)門兩側,還(huan)有中(zhong)(zhong)國著(zhu)名史(shi)學家、書法家豐子愷題寫(xie)的(de)(de)藏頭(tou)楹聯一副:“光(guang)前垂后勞動人民(min)智慧無極;岳(yue)峻(jun)樓(lou)(lou)高偉大祖國文(wen)(wen)(wen)物永昌(chang)(chang)”。“文(wen)(wen)(wen)明景運”匾額懸于文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)外北壁上(shang),木質,長重1.5米(mi)(mi),高0.6米(mi)(mi),白底黑字(zi),為(wei)(wei)清翰林院庶吉(ji)士、國史(shi)館協修(xiu)撰修(xiu)朱學篤所題。
在二樓的(de)四個檐(yan)下(xia),還分別懸(xuan)(xuan)掛四方木質長3米,高1.4米的(de)匾(bian)(bian)額。南面(mian)檐(yan)下(xia)懸(xuan)(xuan)有(you)(you)“神光鐘(zhong)瑛”匾(bian)(bian),為(wei)(wei)(wei)清康(kang)熙皇帝所題(ti),邊(bian)緣裝飾有(you)(you)龍紋、玉(yu)璽、藍底(di)(di)(di)金字(zi)(zi)。北檐(yan)下(xia)懸(xuan)(xuan)有(you)(you)中國著名(ming)歷史學家、考古學家郭(guo)沫(mo)若先生為(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念光岳(yue)樓落(luo)成600周(zhou)年于1974年題(ti)寫的(de)“光岳(yue)樓”匾(bian)(bian),白底(di)(di)(di)黑字(zi)(zi),氣勢磅礴。東(dong)面(mian)檐(yan)下(xia)懸(xuan)(xuan)“太(tai)平樓閣”匾(bian)(bian),為(wei)(wei)(wei)清康(kang)熙六十年(1721年)“字(zi)(zi)壓天(tian)下(xia)”的(de)聊城籍狀元鄧(deng)鐘(zhong)岳(yue)所題(ti)。在西檐(yan)下(xia),懸(xuan)(xuan)有(you)(you)“就(jiu)日瞻云”匾(bian)(bian)。其匾(bian)(bian)白底(di)(di)(di)黑字(zi)(zi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)清代(dai)史學家解嵐(lan)題(ti)。
由(you)二樓(lou)西側梯道(dao)升16級臺階(jie)便到達第(di)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)面(mian)。第(di)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)系暗層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),實(shi)際它是光岳(yue)樓(lou)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),橫木穿插,梁枋扣合,縱(zong)橫交錯,似(si)龍游蛇行(xing),將自下(xia)而上的(de)金柱(zhu)與(yu)檐(yan)柱(zhu)構(gou)成一個整體(ti),使之更加牢固和穩(wen)定,故(gu)三(san)樓(lou)也是樓(lou)身的(de)主要框(kuang)架。該(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)闊(kuo)五(wu)間。金柱(zhu)與(yu)檐(yan)柱(zhu)之間上端(duan)是梁架,與(yu)二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)貫(guan)通,故(gu)暗層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)實(shi)僅三(san)間。“不心間”即樓(lou)之正(zheng)中,是空井(jing),四周置欄桿。柱(zhu)頂設有(you)顯著卷(juan)剎。此(ci)例均(jun)與(yu)宋《營造法式》相符。外檐(yan)更是拱斗(dou)相連(lian),梁柱(zhu)相交,枋木相穿,結(jie)構(gou)緊湊而疏(shu)密得體(ti)。
由三(san)(san)層(ceng)東(dong)次間(jian)向南登(deng)13級臺階(jie)就到了光(guang)岳樓第(di)四層(ceng)樓。第(di)四層(ceng)是樓的最高層(ceng),面(mian)闊進深皆(jie)為(wei)三(san)(san)間(jian),平(ping)面(mian)呈正方形。明間(jian)有6扇窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)憑(ping)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)遠(yuan)眺(tiao)。明間(jian)中間(jian),綴(zhui)以(yi)(yi)毛(mao)管式欄桿,扶欄通過井(jing)口,可(ke)一(yi)望井(jing)底。次間(jian)裝(zhuang)冰紋圓窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang),構設恰當,運用(yong)自(zi)然。屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)為(wei)十字(zi)頂(ding)(ding),頂(ding)(ding)下正中懸(xuan)垂蓮柱,以(yi)(yi)八道斜(xie)脊分(fen)別置于三(san)(san)架梁(liang)及抹(mo)角梁(liang)之上。登(deng)上最高層(ceng),扶著(zhu)四面(mian)對窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)遠(yuan)眺(tiao),魯(lu)西北平(ping)原無(wu)垠,景色(se)(se)壯觀;近觀,波(bo)光(guang)粼粼,水天一(yi)色(se)(se)。讓人懷古之情(qing),油然而生。
樓脊(ji)為(wei)歇山十(shi)字脊(ji),脊(ji)頂(ding)正中裝一(yi)座高3米、直徑1.5米的透花鐵葫(hu)蘆。四(si)個小獅子蹲在十(shi)字脊(ji)上,那四(si)個大(da)吻就像四(si)條龍(long),遠遠看去,給(gei)人以飛動之感。光岳樓主樓全(quan)系木質結構,但能(neng)歷(li)經600多年風雨而(er)完好地保存下來(lai),不僅有著(zhu)很高的科學(xue)價值,而(er)且也有很高的藝(yi)術價值。
聊城(cheng)山(shan)(shan)陜會(hui)館(guan)在城(cheng)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)部(bu),運河西(xi)(xi)岸,是清代聊城(cheng)商(shang)業(ye)繁榮(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)縮影和見證。會(hui)館(guan)始(shi)建(jian)于清乾隆(long)八年(nian)(1743年(nian)),是山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)、陜西(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)人為“祀神明而聯桑梓”集資興建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de),從開始(shi)到(dao)建(jian)成共歷(li)時66年(nian),耗(hao)銀9.2萬多(duo)兩。會(hui)館(guan)東西(xi)(xi)長77米(mi)(mi),南(nan)北寬43米(mi)(mi),占地面積(ji)3311平方米(mi)(mi)。整個(ge)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)包(bao)括山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)、過樓(lou)、戲樓(lou)、夾樓(lou)、鐘(zhong)鼓二樓(lou)、南(nan)北看樓(lou)、關(guan)帝大殿(dian)、春秋(qiu)閣(ge)(ge)等(deng)(deng)部(bu)分,共有亭臺(tai)樓(lou)閣(ge)(ge)160多(duo)間,為全國重點文物保護單(dan)位。在全國現(xian)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)館(guan)中,聊城(cheng)山(shan)(shan)陜會(hui)館(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)不算很(hen)大,但是其精妙(miao)絕倫(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)雕刻和繪(hui)畫(hua)藝術(shu)卻是國內罕見。會(hui)館(guan)按(an)中國傳統宮殿(dian)式(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本格局(ju)排列各(ge)組(zu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),強(qiang)調中軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)兩側(ce)均衡對稱,突(tu)出中軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)上建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),通過屋頂的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)、面闊進深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小、藝術(shu)構件雕刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁簡等(deng)(deng)來(lai)區分建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)次級(ji)別(bie)。沿中軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)由東到(dao)西(xi)(xi)依次為山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)、戲樓(lou)、鐘(zhong)鼓樓(lou)、南(nan)北看樓(lou)、碑亭、中獻殿(dian)、關(guan)帝殿(dian)、春秋(qiu)閣(ge)(ge)。從山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)到(dao)春秋(qiu)閣(ge)(ge)三個(ge)院落(luo)逐漸增高,錯落(luo)有致(zhi),各(ge)單(dan)體建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)互相連接(jie),布局(ju)緊湊(cou)。山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men),又稱三門(men)(men)(men)或牌(pai)樓(lou),為四柱(zhu)三間牌(pai)坊式(shi)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)。面闊7米(mi)(mi) ,進深(shen)1.7米(mi)(mi),高10米(mi)(mi)。四根柱(zhu)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)柱(zhu)礎均為圓雕的(de)(de)(de)(de)獅(shi)子,中間兩柱(zhu)正面陽刻楹聯,字體雄渾,氣魄(po)宏(hong)大。
上聯為:本是豪(hao)杰(jie)作為只此心無愧(kui)圣賢洵足(zu)配東國夫(fu)子;
下聯是(shi):何必仙佛功(gong)德(de)惟其氣(qi)充(chong)塞天地早已成西方圣人。
中間(jian)(jian)石質(zhi)門(men)框和門(men)楣石上(shang)遍雕蝙蝠圖案(an)。門(men)楣上(shang)方中間(jian)(jian)嵌條石一塊,上(shang)刻“山陜會館”四個大字(zi)。
南(nan)北兩小門(men)的門(men)框和(he)門(men)楣也(ye)用(yong)整塊青石(shi)作成,石(shi)上(shang)淺雕卷云紋。門(men)楣上(shang)方(fang)各嵌一石(shi)質方(fang)匾,匾上(shang)分別(bie)楷(kai)書(shu)“履中(zhong)”、“蹈(dao)和(he)”。次間兩門(men)的兩側為(wei)磚筑(zhu)八字形影壁,影壁左書(shu)“精中(zhong)貫日”,右(you)為(wei)“大義參天(tian)”。
山門外(wai)南(nan)北兩(liang)端,各有(you)一座插(cha)旗(qi)桿用的正方形石(shi)(shi)墩。石(shi)(shi)墩高(gao)1.98 米 ,寬(kuan)0.92米 ,石(shi)(shi)墩前后兩(liang)面(mian)刻有(you)龍鳳,左(zuo)右兩(liang)面(mian)刻有(you)荷花牡丹(dan)。山門內側有(you)木(mu)質(zhi)圓柱(zhu)(zhu)四(si)根(gen)。門后兩(liang)內柱(zhu)(zhu)的上端與壁中(zhong)兩(liang)外(wai)柱(zhu)(zhu)以構(gou)件相連。
走進(jin)會(hui)館,過(guo)了戲(xi)臺下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)一道山門,便見華(hua)美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)戲(xi)樓,戲(xi)樓坐(zuo)東面(mian)西(xi),與大(da)殿對峙。戲(xi)樓后山墻中央有(you)一條從戲(xi)臺下(xia)穿過(guo)通(tong)往庭院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)甬道,寬2.16米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)12.12米(mi)(mi)(mi) ,入口(kou)處為磚雕(diao)垂花門罩。罩上(shang)方有(you)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)匾額“岑樓凝(ning)霞”四(si)字(zi)。甬道左右各有(you)一個石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)照壁(bi)(bi),左刻(ke)丹(dan)頂(ding)鶴與蒼松,右刻(ke)梅花鹿及花草,均高(gao)2.08米(mi)(mi)(mi) ,寬1.15米(mi)(mi)(mi)。照壁(bi)(bi)下(xia)有(you)精致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)插屏架,上(shang)有(you)細膩的(de)(de)(de)磚刻(ke)垂花壁(bi)(bi)罩,上(shang)飾琉璃(li)制黃牡丹(dan)、綠(lv)麒麟(lin)和萬(wan)年青(qing)等。
山(shan)門與戲(xi)(xi)樓(lou)之(zhi)間,有連接二者的遮雨過樓(lou),頂部為(wei)單(dan)檐(yan)硬山(shan)式。戲(xi)(xi)樓(lou)為(wei)二重檐(yan)兩層臺樓(lou),結頂正脊(ji)為(wei)歇山(shan)式,又于左(zuo)右各出歇山(shan),成(cheng)十(shi)翼角,房面覆綠黃兩色琉(liu)璃瓦。戲(xi)(xi)臺呈正方形(xing)平面,臺高(gao)2.3米,前臺寬9.6米 ,深(shen)5米 ,后臺寬8.6米 ,深(shen)3米。戲(xi)(xi)臺正面開3間臺口,檐(yan)下有5塊(kuai)透雕(diao)木(mu)質額(e)枋,中間為(wei)“福祿壽”三(san)星故事(shi),兩邊為(wei)飛龍、花卉和人物等。4根檐(yan)柱均(jun)為(wei)石雕(diao)楹聯。內聯楷(kai)書陽文:宮商(shang)翕奏賞(shang)心是金(jin)榜題(ti)名洞(dong)房花燭;扮演成(cheng)文快意在坦道駿馬(ma)高(gao)帆(fan)順風(feng)。外聯楷(kai)書陰文:結五(wu)萬春花奏雅宣和無戾風(feng)騷稱(cheng)杰構;譜大千秋色鏤(lou)金(jin)錯(cuo)彩(cai)有裨世(shi)教即奇(qi)觀。
戲(xi)臺里側,有迎屏(ping)(ping)將前(qian)臺與(yu)后(hou)臺隔開。屏(ping)(ping)上繪有4幅大型花(hua)卉,左右木柱(zhu)上刻有陽文楹聯(lian):響遏行云(yun),一曲(qu)笙簧(huang)欣樂(le)利;歌翻(fan)白雪,八方舞蹈荷升(sheng)平。屏(ping)(ping)上方懸(xuan)掛(gua)著木刻匾額“云(yun)霞絢(xuan)采(cai)”。戲(xi)臺的(de)前(qian)臺兩側為(wei)八字形折(zhe)(zhe)壁,折(zhe)(zhe)壁上各鑲有高(gao)1.8米、寬0.5米 的(de)石(shi)刻工筆(bi)圖畫。左為(wei)“海市蜃樓”,右為(wei)“天(tian)臺勝景”。戲(xi)臺藻井彩繪團鶴(he)祥(xiang)云(yun),似(si)寓(yu)有福比天(tian)高(gao)之意。其精工細作(zuo)的(de)復(fu)臺結(jie)構較為(wei)罕見。
戲(xi)樓(lou)的(de)兩(liang)側(ce)是南北對稱的(de)夾(jia)樓(lou),與(yu)戲(xi)樓(lou)連為(wei)一體,為(wei)二(er)層3間(jian)單檐建筑。中(zhong)間(jian)一間(jian)屋頂高(gao)起,下有拱門內外通行。東(dong)向門上各(ge)有石雕匾額(e)一方,左為(wei)“對岳”,右為(wei)“望海”。兩(liang)側(ce)小間(jian)的(de)二(er)樓(lou)都(dou)開有東(dong)向園窗。這里(li)原(yuan)為(wei)戲(xi)樓(lou)演戲(xi)時(shi)演員(yuan)們的(de)化妝(zhuang)室(shi)(shi)和休息室(shi)(shi)。至今在(zai)其墻(qiang)上還(huan)可以看(kan)到(dao)從清道(dao)光二(er)十五年(nian)(1845)到(dao)民國八年(nian)(1919),山西、山東(dong)各(ge)地的(de)戲(xi)曲班(ban)社(she)和教育部的(de)易俗社(she),各(ge)個時(shi)期(qi)的(de)演員(yuan)們所寫(xie)下的(de)對“戲(xi)東(dong)”、“班(ban)社(she)主”不滿的(de)詩(shi)句以及京劇(ju)、山西梆(bang)子(zi)(zi)、河(he)北梆(bang)子(zi)(zi)等劇(ju)種的(de)120多個傳統劇(ju)目,對于研究中(zhong)國的(de)戲(xi)劇(ju)史,有著極為(wei)重要的(de)價值。
鐘(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)、鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)南(nan)北對稱,分列于夾樓(lou)(lou)外(wai)側(ce)。均為筑于磚石(shi)方臺之上(shang)的單(dan)間二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)重檐(yan)(yan)歇山十字脊式(shi)建筑。二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)各有12根檐(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)承托(tuo)著(zhu)第一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)屋檐(yan)(yan)。一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)門(men)西向。左為“鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)”,二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)門(men)南(nan)向,門(men)楣(mei)上(shang)有石(shi)刻(ke)“振聾”橫(heng)額(e)一方,兩側(ce)石(shi)柱(zhu)上(shang)陰刻(ke)楹(ying)聯一幅(fu):其(qi)聲大而遠(yuan),厥意深且長。右為“鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)”,二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)門(men)北向。門(men)楣(mei)上(shang)有石(shi)刻(ke)“警聵(kui)”橫(heng)額(e)一方,兩側(ce)石(shi)柱(zhu)上(shang)陰刻(ke)楹(ying)聯一幅(fu):當知聽思聰,豈可耳(er)無(wu)聞(wen)。
鐘、鼓樓下各有一(yi)(yi)(yi)小院(yuan),院(yuan)內翠竹茂密,院(yuan)墻(qiang)上(shang)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)圓形月門通往庭(ting)院(yuan)。庭(ting)院(yuan)東西深23米(mi),南北寬33米(mi) ,中央有一(yi)(yi)(yi)條平直(zhi)的(de)(de)石(shi)板路(lu),路(lu)兩邊(bian)各有一(yi)(yi)(yi)株百年古槐,濃蔭如蓋。庭(ting)院(yuan)正(zheng)面的(de)(de)大(da)(da)殿臺階(jie)下,有一(yi)(yi)(yi)對高大(da)(da)雄(xiong)健的(de)(de)石(shi)獅(shi)(shi),由(you)獅(shi)(shi)身、須彌座(zuo)、底座(zuo)3部分組成(cheng)(cheng),通高3.25米(mi)。底座(zuo)四面雕刻(ke)佛(fo)教八大(da)(da)法寶,前為(wei)劍(jian)、杵;左為(wei)傘、塔;右(you)(you)為(wei)鈴、笆;后(hou)為(wei)印、鉑(bo),用以驅妖(yao)避(bi)邪。須彌座(zuo)上(shang)部刻(ke)花(hua)(hua)瓶、鹿、小瓜(gua)、石(shi)榴,取其平平安(an)安(an)、福祿(lu)綿綿、甜甜美美、多子多孫(sun)之意(yi)。下部前為(wei)牡丹、左為(wei)荷花(hua)(hua)、右(you)(you)為(wei)梅花(hua)(hua)、后(hou)為(wei)菊花(hua)(hua),意(yi)為(wei)四季吉祥。這對石(shi)獅(shi)(shi),左面腳(jiao)踩繡球者(zhe)為(wei)雄(xiong)獅(shi)(shi),右(you)(you)面腳(jiao)踏幼獅(shi)(shi)者(zhe)為(wei)雌獅(shi)(shi)。據記載,這對石(shi)獅(shi)(shi)從山西選(xuan)料精鑿細刻(ke)而成(cheng)(cheng),耗銀633兩。
南北看(kan)樓(lou)(lou)位于鐘鼓樓(lou)(lou)的西面(mian),戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)臺前左右兩側,為面(mian)闊五(wu)間,進深一(yi)間的二層(ceng)外廊式(shi)建筑,樓(lou)(lou)長16.5米,深5米 ,其頂(ding)為卷(juan)棚式(shi),上覆灰瓦。看(kan)樓(lou)(lou)底(di)層(ceng)地(di)面(mian)為磚鋪地(di),二層(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)板(ban)(ban)由六根木(mu)制樓(lou)(lou)板(ban)(ban)梁,上置木(mu)地(di)板(ban)(ban)椽,在(zai)木(mu)地(di)板(ban)(ban)上鋪石磚以(yi)構成。二層(ceng)房(fang)架為四架梁,上置檁、椽、望板(ban)(ban)和瓦件。看(kan)樓(lou)(lou)為敞開的廊式(shi)建筑,可以(yi)坐在(zai)樓(lou)(lou)內觀看(kan)戲(xi)臺上的表演(yan)。
看(kan)樓位于庭(ting)院南北兩側(ce),各(ge)面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)5間(jian),上(shang)下2層(ceng),樓長16.5米(mi)(mi) ,深5米(mi)(mi),房(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)為灰(hui)瓦(wa)卷棚(peng)頂,為看(kan)戲、飲(yin)茶(cha)、談生(sheng)意的場所(suo)。看(kan)樓上(shang)首是(shi)碑亭,各(ge)為3開間(jian),正面(mian)(mian)(mian)敞(chang)開,筒瓦(wa)歇山(shan)頂,飛檐則高出(chu)看(kan)樓和(he)大殿房(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。額枋上(shang)下較(jiao)寬(kuan)(kuan),各(ge)繪有(you)日(ri)出(chu)、龍(long)虎、瓜(gua)果和(he)人物圖案。每一(yi)碑亭各(ge)豎有(you)石碑4幢,壁碑2塊。立碑通高均為6.2米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)1.2米(mi)(mi) ,碑文內(nei)容詳細(xi)記載了山(shan)陜會(hui)館(guan)歷年維修建設情(qing)況,碑陰還刻有(you)各(ge)商號名稱及其捐銀(yin)數量。南碑亭西首內(nei)壁上(shang),還立有(you)清(qing)乾隆(long)所(suo)刻地(di)(di)契碑一(yi)塊,詳細(xi)記述了山(shan)陜會(hui)館(guan)置買園地(di)(di)闊(kuo)步數目(mu)、四(si)至、買價(jia)及刻石立碑之因,是(shi)研究晉商經(jing)營思(si)想的重要文獻。
由(you)地契(qi)碑(bei)西(xi)折(zhe),過(guo)南碑(bei)亭西(xi)門,便(bian)是列(lie)支(zhi)碑(bei)墻。鑲(xiang)嵌有清嘉慶(qing)十五(wu)年(nian)(1810)、道光二十五(wu)年(nian)(1840)、同(tong)治六年(nian)(1867)、同(tong)治十三年(nian)(1874)、光緒二十年(nian)(1894)立的“會館功竣歷年(nian)進出銀兩(liang)開列(lie)碑(bei)”等5塊列(lie)支(zhi)碑(bei)刻(ke)。
大殿(dian)是會館的中(zhong)心建筑,由獻(xian)殿(dian)和復殿(dian)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)組成,檐部有天溝相(xiang)接(jie)。獻(xian)殿(dian)與復殿(dian)又各分(fen)為(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)和南北(bei)(bei)配殿(dian),前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)左右共六殿(dian),均面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊3間。正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)房(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)高于南北(bei)(bei)配殿(dian)。獻(xian)殿(dian)為(wei)卷(juan)棚頂,復殿(dian)為(wei)懸山(shan)項。正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)房(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)覆綠色琉璃瓦(wa)(wa),前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)房(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)中(zhong)央各鑲嵌有菱形狀黃、綠琉璃瓦(wa)(wa)。南北(bei)(bei)配殿(dian)覆灰筒瓦(wa)(wa)。
正殿(dian)亦稱關(guan)帝大殿(dian),殿(dian)前(qian)有方(fang)形石(shi)柱四根,石(shi)柱下為垂幔琴腿(tui)式石(shi)雕柱礎。石(shi)柱正面刻有歌頌關(guan)羽(yu)的楹聯,內(nei)柱為行楷陽文:偉(wei)烈壯古(gu)今,浩氣丹心,漢代一(yi)時(shi)真君子;至誠(cheng)參(can)天地,英文雄武,晉(jin)國千秋大丈夫。
外聯為行楷陰文:非必殺身成仁,問(wen)我輩(bei)誰全(quan)節義;漫說通經(jing)致用,笑(xiao)書(shu)生(sheng)空讀春秋。四根檐柱上方,鑲有(you)3塊木質透(tou)雕額(e)枋(fang),中(zhong)間1塊刻有(you)老子和八仙(xian)人物。左邊刻有(you)“神仙(xian)傳”故(gu)(gu)事,右(you)(you)邊刻有(you)“行孝圖”,為中(zhong)國古(gu)代(dai)二十四孝中(zhong)的(de)幾(ji)個故(gu)(gu)事,自左向右(you)(you)依次為:《哭竹生(sheng)筍》、《扇(shan)枕溫衾》、《懷(huai)右(you)(you)遺親(qin)》、《為母埋兒》、《聞雷泣墓》、《恣蚊飽血》、《臥冰求鯉》。額(e)枋(fang)的(de)上方,還(huan)繪(hui)有(you)6幅(fu)《西游(you)記》故(gu)(gu)事工筆畫及木雕牡丹花12朵(duo)為裝飾。
檐廊正(zheng)(zheng)中,懸有(you)木質陽文匾額(e)“大(da)義參天”四字。正(zheng)(zheng)殿獻殿內原為擺放供品(pin),聚會議事的處所。殿之(zhi)梁檁均通體(ti)彩繪,雕(diao)梁畫(hua)棟、金碧輝煌,有(you)人物故事畫(hua)18幅(fu)。殿內正(zheng)(zheng)上方懸“富國裕(yu)民(min)”木質匾額(e)。
獻(xian)(xian)殿(dian)后面(mian)為過(guo)廊,并與南(nan)(nan)(nan)北配殿(dian)中(zhong)獻(xian)(xian)殿(dian)后面(mian)的過(guo)廊相通(tong)。廊西頭山墻上各有角(jiao)門通(tong)往南(nan)(nan)(nan)北跨院,門外側(ce)各有石刻橫匾一方,南(nan)(nan)(nan)曰:“南(nan)(nan)(nan)極”,北曰:“北拱”。
過廊后(hou)面是復(fu)殿,殿中偏(pian)后(hou)部(bu)有(you)一暖閣,閣前供(gong)有(you)關(guan)(guan)圣(sheng)帝君、關(guan)(guan)平(ping)和周倉(cang)3尊雕像。關(guan)(guan)圣(sheng)帝君神像高3米,身(shen)穿刺(ci)繡滾龍袍,鎏金冠旒(liu),威(wei)麗(li)端(duan)正,儼然帝王形象。復(fu)殿后(hou)仍有(you)檐(yan)廊,廊下有(you)木(mu)質(zhi)圓柱四根,柱下皆以精致的(de)(de)石雕為柱礎。檐(yan)柱上(shang)方(fang)鑲有(you)3塊(kuai)木(mu)質(zhi)透雕額枋(fang),中間刻人(ren)物、牡丹,南(nan)北兩側刻有(you)飛(fei)龍、麒麟等。檐(yan)廊的(de)(de)迎風板上(shang),兩側還鑲有(you)“道續尼山”和“義秉麟經”匾,進一步體(ti)現了關(guan)(guan)帝廟中所信奉的(de)(de)是地道的(de)(de)儒(ru)家正統(tong)思想。
南(nan)配殿(dian)位于正殿(dian)的(de)南(nan)面(mian),亦稱文(wen)昌(chang)火(huo)神(shen)殿(dian),是當(dang)年眾商們(men)祭(ji)祀文(wen)昌(chang)火(huo)神(shen)的(de)處所。設置同正殿(dian)相同,即前(qian)(qian)為獻殿(dian),后為復殿(dian)。獻殿(dian)前(qian)(qian)廊,有(you)(you)以石(shi)雕的(de)麒麟、大象作柱(zhu)(zhu)礎(chu)的(de)石(shi)雕檐柱(zhu)(zhu)四根(gen),其側面(mian)分別刻(ke)有(you)(you)仙鶴祥云的(de)花卉圖案,正面(mian)刻(ke)有(you)(you)楹(ying)(ying)聯(lian)。內(nei)柱(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)刻(ke)有(you)(you)陽文(wen)楹(ying)(ying)聯(lian):氣(qi)本似(si)珠,看午夜(ye)光分奎辟;功原濟水(shui),居(ju)離官位按丙(bing)丁(ding)。外柱(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)刻(ke)有(you)(you)陰文(wen)楹(ying)(ying)聯(lian):位南(nan)天以居(ju)尊,神(shen)焰熒(ying)熒(ying)臨斗柄;鄰(lin)北極而(er)宰化,星精朗朗俯(fu)魁(kui)垣(yuan)。
檐柱上方鑲有(you)3塊(kuai)木質(zhi)額(e)枋,中間(jian)一塊(kuai)刻(ke)(ke)有(you)首(shou)尾相接、神態各(ge)異的7只(zhi)蘆雁和菊花,兩(liang)側的2塊(kuai)各(ge)分別(bie)刻(ke)(ke)有(you)梅花、荷花、瓶、大香爐和茶壺。檐廊的正(zheng)中懸有(you)木質(zhi)陽文匾額(e)“風時浪恬”一方。
獻殿(dian)后面(mian)的(de)復(fu)殿(dian)內(nei)供有文(wen)昌神和火神王靈官,殿(dian)正門上(shang)方(fang)懸“天開文(wen)運”木質匾額(e)。
北配殿(dian)位于正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)的(de)(de)(de)北面(mian)(mian),也(ye)稱“財(cai)神(shen)殿(dian)”,與(yu)文昌火神(shen)殿(dian)南北對應,是當年眾商們祈禱發財(cai)的(de)(de)(de)地方,也(ye)分為獻殿(dian)和復殿(dian)。獻殿(dian)的(de)(de)(de)前廊有(you)以石雕的(de)(de)(de)麒麟、大象為柱礎的(de)(de)(de)石雕檐(yan)柱四根(gen),柱的(de)(de)(de)側面(mian)(mian)、背(bei)面(mian)(mian)分別刻(ke)有(you)花(hua)卉(hui)圖案,正(zheng)(zheng)面(mian)(mian)刻(ke)有(you)楹聯,內柱上(shang)刻(ke)有(you)陰文楹聯:德兆(zhao)阜財(cai),萃(cui)萬國物(wu)化(hua)天寶;行以利涉(she),慶一時海晏河清。外柱上(shang)陽(yang)刻(ke)楹聯:位津要(yao)而掌財(cai)源,萬里腰纏畢至;感錢(qian)神(shen)以成砥柱,千秋寶載(zai)無虞(yu)。
檐柱上方(fang)(fang)鑲有(you)(you)3塊(kuai)木雕額(e)枋,中間一塊(kuai)刻(ke)有(you)(you)6只飛雁和一座城堡,兩側分別刻(ke)有(you)(you)鼎、花瓶、香爐和食盒。檐廊正中懸有(you)(you)木質陽(yang)文匾額(e)“功司利濟”一方(fang)(fang)。
獻殿(dian)后(hou)面(mian)的復殿(dian)內供有財(cai)神趙公明和水神金龍四(si)大王謝(xie)緒神像,殿(dian)正門上方懸“萬世永賴(lai)”木質(zhi)匾額。
春秋(qiu)閣(ge)(ge)為會(hui)館后面、高大(da)的殿宇。面闊3間(jian),上(shang)下2層,單(dan)檐歇山,灰筒瓦頂,斗拱抬梁式結構。閣(ge)(ge)前廊(lang)有(you)(you)四根(gen)木(mu)質檐柱,前廊(lang)額枋均(jun)為木(mu)刻透雕,雕飾人物和牡丹(dan)、金瓜(gua)、花卉等。閣(ge)(ge)左(zuo)右各(ge)附設一(yi)座望樓(lou)(lou)(lou),上(shang)下各(ge)一(yi)間(jian),兩望樓(lou)(lou)(lou)券(quan)門上(shang)各(ge)有(you)(you)扇形匾額一(yi)方(fang),南曰“接步”,北曰“登階”。春秋(qiu)閣(ge)(ge)過去也是(shi)供奉“關(guan)(guan)帝”的處所。一(yi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)內(nei)原有(you)(you)大(da)幅(fu)關(guan)(guan)羽(yu)畫像(xiang),二樓(lou)(lou)(lou)原有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)羽(yu)生平故(gu)事木(mu)雕連(lian)環人物群像(xiang)。目(mu)前,二樓(lou)(lou)(lou)西(xi)墻上(shang)仍保(bao)留(liu)著關(guan)(guan)羽(yu)全身陰線雕石刻一(yi)方(fang)。
春(chun)秋閣(ge)兩側(ce)(ce),為(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)兩側(ce)(ce)的游廊(lang),各(ge)面(mian)闊3間(jian)(jian),進(jin)深一間(jian)(jian),灰(hui)(hui)瓦蓋頂并與(yu)望樓和(he)正殿相接,形(xing)成一個緊湊的四(si)合院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落。兩游廊(lang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)兩側(ce)(ce)為(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)跨(kua)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。兩院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian),并于南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)兩廂游廊(lang)的東(dong)首各(ge)有小門相通。南(nan)(nan)(nan)跨(kua)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)現存硬山瓦房3間(jian)(jian)。北(bei)跨(kua)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)現有南(nan)(nan)(nan)屋3間(jian)(jian)、小北(bei)屋2間(jian)(jian)、小西佛亭3間(jian)(jian),坐東(dong)朝西后門一間(jian)(jian),均灰(hui)(hui)瓦蓋頂,前出(chu)廊(lang)檐(yan)。
聊城山陜會館建(jian)(jian)成后,歷史上先(xian)后進行過8次(ci)(ci)擴建(jian)(jian)和維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)。據現存16通碑碣記載,其中第(di)4次(ci)(ci)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)從嘉(jia)慶(qing)八(ba)年(1803)到嘉(jia)慶(qing)十四年(1809),歷時7載,用(yong)(yong)銀(yin)49643.43兩(liang)。第(di)5次(ci)(ci)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)在道光(guang)二十五(wu)年(1845),用(yong)(yong)銀(yin)18028.78兩(liang)。維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)木(mu)材多來(lai)(lai)自(zi)陜西(xi)終(zhong)南山,工匠多來(lai)(lai)自(zi)山西(xi)汾陽府,建(jian)(jian)筑風格盡(jin)量體現其地方特色。其建(jian)(jian)成后百(bai)余年間,每年春節、端午節、中秋節都演戲以娛神。
聊城(cheng)山陜會館是歷史上聊城(cheng)商業發達、經濟繁榮的(de)(de)見證。它(ta)集中(zhong)國傳(chuan)統文化(hua)之大(da)成,融中(zhong)國傳(chuan)統儒、道、佛(fo)三(san)家思想于(yu)一體。整(zheng)個建筑布(bu)局緊湊(cou),錯落有致(zhi),連接得體,裝飾華麗(li),堪稱中(zhong)國古代(dai)建筑的(de)(de)杰(jie)作。它(ta)的(de)(de)石雕(diao)、木(mu)雕(diao)、磚雕(diao)和繪(hui)畫工藝(yi)更是中(zhong)國建筑藝(yi)術(shu)的(de)(de)精品,對于(yu)研究中(zhong)國的(de)(de)古代(dai)建筑史、商貿(mao)史、戲劇(ju)史、運河(he)文化(hua)史、書法(fa)、繪(hui)畫、雕(diao)刻藝(yi)術(shu)史以及清代(dai)資(zi)本主義(yi)萌芽因(yin)素的(de)(de)產生(sheng)具有極高的(de)(de)資(zi)料價值。
●會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),明清(qing)時期(qi)都(dou)市中(zhong)由同鄉(xiang)或同業組成的(de)封建(jian)性(xing)團體。始設于(yu)明代前(qian)期(qi),迄今所知較早的(de)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是建(jian)于(yu)永樂年間的(de)北(bei)京蕪湖會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。嘉靖(jing)、萬(wan)歷時期(qi),會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)趨于(yu)興盛(sheng),清(qing)代中(zhong)期(qi)較多,會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)幾乎遍及通(tong)都(dou)大邑(yi),府、州(zhou)、縣城甚至某些鄉(xiang)鎮也(ye)有設置。明清(qing)時期(qi)聊城商賈(jia)云集,東(dong)關(guan)運(yun)河沿岸有山陜(shan)、江西、蘇(su)州(zhou)、贛江、武林(lin)等八大會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),其中(zhong)山陜(shan)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是保存(cun)至今的(de)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)建(jian)筑。
東(dong)昌湖(hu)風(feng)(feng)景(jing)名(ming)勝區(qu)系國家(jia)歷史文(wen)化名(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)——聊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)市區(qu),東(dong)、北、西(xi)分別以聊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市區(qu)主干(gan)道柳園路(lu)、東(dong)昌路(lu)、湖(hu)西(xi)路(lu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)界,南(nan)(nan)至南(nan)(nan)外環路(lu),總面積20.6平方公里。馳名(ming)中外的(de)京杭大運(yun)河(he)穿風(feng)(feng)景(jing)區(qu)而過。東(dong)昌湖(hu)風(feng)(feng)景(jing)名(ming)勝區(qu)以建于(yu)(yu)北宋時期的(de)聊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中心(xin),以水面遼闊、風(feng)(feng)景(jing)秀麗、環繞于(yu)(yu)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)四周的(de)東(dong)昌湖(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)依托,集中體(ti)現了聊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“水、古(gu)、文(wen)”的(de)特色,營造出聊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中有湖(hu),湖(hu)中有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)河(he)一體(ti)”的(de)獨特風(feng)(feng)貌,是(shi)山東(dong)西(xi)部和冀、魯、豫(yu)接壤地區(qu)較為(wei)(wei)(wei)著名(ming)的(de)風(feng)(feng)景(jing)游覽區(qu)。
東昌(chang)(chang)湖(hu)始建(jian)(jian)(jian)于宋熙寧三年(nian)(公(gong)元1070年(nian)),在原(yuan)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)河(he)的(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)經歷(li)代開挖而成,該護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)河(he)為環形(xing)(xing),東部(bu)寬(kuan)100米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you),西部(bu)寬(kuan)600米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you),北部(bu)寬(kuan)300米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you),南部(bu)寬(kuan)800米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you),現(xian)有水(shui)(shui)域4.2平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里,為中華人民(min)共和(he)國江北地區罕見的(de)大(da)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)湖(hu)泊,全世(shi)界(jie)面積較大(da)的(de)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)河(he)。東昌(chang)(chang)湖(hu)引黃河(he)水(shui)(shui)為源,常年(nian)水(shui)(shui)深3-5米(mi)(mi),湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)清澈,無任何工業污染;景(jing)(jing)色宜人,令(ling)游(you)(you)客(ke)流(liu)連忘返。東昌(chang)(chang)湖(hu)中心是已有千年(nian)歷(li)史的(de)1平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)聊(liao)城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)。古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)貌(mao)保存(cun)完(wan)好,以古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)正(zheng)(zheng)中的(de)光岳(yue)樓為中心,向四(si)(si)面輻射,形(xing)(xing)成東西南北四(si)(si)條古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)區干道,其它大(da)街小(xiao)巷,也都是經緯分(fen)明,垂直(zhi)交叉,形(xing)(xing)成棋盤方(fang)(fang)格網狀骨架。古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)區民(min)居(ju),至(zhi)今保留(liu)著(zhu)白墻、灰(hui)瓦、城(cheng)(cheng)屋(wu)頂的(de)傳統建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑風(feng)格。古(gu)(gu)老的(de)京杭(hang)運河(he)兩岸(an),街巷布列,各(ge)種店鋪民(min)居(ju),隨坡就勢,依河(he)而建(jian)(jian)(jian)。條石鋪砌的(de)大(da)小(xiao)碼頭,株株蒼勁的(de)古(gu)(gu)槐,以及宋代隆興(xing)寺鐵塔,國家重(zhong)(zhong)點文(wen)物、清代建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑山陜(shan)會(hui)館(guan),仍會(hui)使人們(men)體味到昔日運河(he)漕運鼎盛時期古(gu)(gu)聊(liao)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)繁榮(rong)和(he)輝(hui)煌(huang)。通過有效(xiao)地開發和(he)利用這些得(de)天獨(du)厚的(de)旅(lv)游(you)(you)資源,形(xing)(xing)成了東昌(chang)(chang)湖(hu)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)名勝區的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要內(nei)容——湖(hu)濱風(feng)景(jing)(jing)區、古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)文(wen)化(hua)區和(he)運河(he)風(feng)情(qing)區。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)昌(chang)(chang)湖(hu)(hu)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝區(qu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)內涵深厚(hou),旅(lv)游(you)(you)資源豐(feng)(feng)富。聊城歷(li)史(shi)悠久,人杰(jie)(jie)地靈,歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)曾出現過許多杰(jie)(jie)出人物(wu),明朝(chao)宰相朱延禧,清代(dai)(dai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)臣傅以(yi)漸(jian)、任克溥、書畫名(ming)(ming)(ming)家(jia)鄧鐘岳,近代(dai)(dai)抗日(ri)民族英(ying)雄范(fan)筑先、著名(ming)(ming)(ming)學者(zhe)和(he)社會活動家(jia)傅斯年(nian),以(yi)及(ji)八十年(nian)代(dai)(dai)青年(nian)楷模張海迪和(he)九(jiu)十年(nian)代(dai)(dai)領導干(gan)部(bu)的(de)楷模孔(kong)(kong)繁(fan)森等(deng)(deng)都是其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)杰(jie)(jie)出代(dai)(dai)表。此(ci)外(wai),《水(shui)滸(hu)》、《聊齋》、《金瓶梅》、《老殘游(you)(you)記》等(deng)(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人民共(gong)和(he)國古(gu)代(dai)(dai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)著,對(dui)古(gu)聊城和(he)東(dong)(dong)(dong)昌(chang)(chang)湖(hu)(hu)均有描(miao)述。千年(nian)的(de)歷(li)史(shi)滄桑,層出不窮(qiong)的(de)杰(jie)(jie)出人物(wu),造就了東(dong)(dong)(dong)昌(chang)(chang)湖(hu)(hu)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝區(qu)豐(feng)(feng)厚(hou)的(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)背景(jing)(jing)和(he)底蘊。迷人的(de)自然風(feng)光(guang),眾多的(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)景(jing)(jing)點,也(ye)匯成(cheng)了東(dong)(dong)(dong)昌(chang)(chang)湖(hu)(hu)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝區(qu)的(de)豐(feng)(feng)富旅(lv)游(you)(you)資源。風(feng)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)內,錯落散(san)布著中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人民共(gong)和(he)國現存古(gu)代(dai)(dai)高大的(de)木結構(gou)建筑之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)明代(dai)(dai)光(guang)岳樓,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國佛教文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)瑰寶宋代(dai)(dai)鐵塔,集商業與文(wen)(wen)化(hua)之(zhi)大成(cheng)的(de)精美清代(dai)(dai)建筑山陜會館(guan),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人民共(gong)和(he)國清代(dai)(dai)四大私人藏書樓之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)海源閣等(deng)(deng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝古(gu)跡,以(yi)及(ji)傅斯年(nian)紀(ji)(ji)念館(guan)、民族英(ying)雄范(fan)筑先紀(ji)(ji)念館(guan)、孔(kong)(kong)繁(fan)森同志紀(ji)(ji)念館(guan)等(deng)(deng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)景(jing)(jing)點;東(dong)(dong)(dong)昌(chang)(chang)湖(hu)(hu)區(qu),近年(nian)又興建了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人民共(gong)和(he)國釣(diao)魚協會聊城垂釣(diao)基地、東(dong)(dong)(dong)昌(chang)(chang)湖(hu)(hu)游(you)(you)樂(le)園、江北(bei)水(shui)上(shang)竹寨、沙灘浴場、游(you)(you)船(chuan)碼(ma)頭、湖(hu)(hu)心島(dao)、荷香(xiang)島(dao)、浮(fu)春(chun)亭等(deng)(deng)一(yi)大批(pi)游(you)(you)覽景(jing)(jing)點和(he)設施,沿湖(hu)(hu)30余華里的(de)綠化(hua)帶(dai)也(ye)初具雛形,湖(hu)(hu)西(xi)(xi)公園、西(xi)(xi)關二十一(yi)孔(kong)(kong)游(you)(you)覽石橋、北(bei)關游(you)(you)覽石橋等(deng)(deng)一(yi)批(pi)重(zhong)點建設項目也(ye)正(zheng)在(zai)積(ji)極實(shi)施。