在乾(qian)隆(long)皇帝(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)40多個(ge)(ge)后妃(fei)(fei)中(zhong),有一(yi)位維(wei)吾爾族(zu)女子,她(ta)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)聞名遐邇的(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)。其實(shi)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)是(shi)否遍(bian)體生香(xiang),根本無(wu)從(cong)考證。但(dan)乾(qian)隆(long)帝(di)(di)只有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)維(wei)吾爾族(zu)妃(fei)(fei)子卻是(shi)史實(shi)。她(ta)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)容妃(fei)(fei)。在乾(qian)隆(long)帝(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)40多名妃(fei)(fei)子中(zhong),有一(yi)名回(hui)妃(fei)(fei),本不(bu)奇怪,可是(shi)在容妃(fei)(fei)死后的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)百多年內,卻引起了(le)(le)一(yi)批騷人墨客的(de)(de)(de)興(xing)趣,在容妃(fei)(fei)身上大做文章,甚至(zhi)編造出一(yi)個(ge)(ge)“香(xiang)[2]妃(fei)(fei)”的(de)(de)(de)故事。從(cong)野史、詩詞到舞(wu)臺,繪聲繪影大肆(si)渲染,競達到了(le)(le)真假(jia)難(nan)辨的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)度。詩詞、戲曲(qu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)人物是(shi)可以(yi)編造的(de)(de)(de),但(dan)發(fa)展到排除(chu)史實(shi)、以(yi)假(jia)亂真的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)度,就(jiu)(jiu)有問題了(le)(le)。以(yi)下,我們暫還按(an)習慣稱其為香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei),看(kan)看(kan)她(ta)的(de)(de)(de)真實(shi)生平。
雍正十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(1734年(nian))九月十(shi)(shi)五日,香妃誕生在新(xin)疆和(he)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)族的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)家(jia)庭。和(he)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)族是世居葉爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)羌的(de)(de)(de)維(wei)吾爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)族始祖派噶(ga)木(mu)巴(ba)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)的(de)(de)(de)后裔(yi),其(qi)族稱(cheng)(cheng)為和(he)卓(zhuo)(zhuo),所(suo)以香妃又叫(jiao)和(he)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)氏(shi)。其(qi)父為第二(er)十(shi)(shi)九世回(hui)部臺(tai)吉(貴族首領)圖爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)都。乾(qian)隆(long)二(er)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)五月,清(qing)軍(jun)進軍(jun)伊犁,二(er)次平定準噶(ga)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)叛(pan)亂(luan),解救了被(bei)準噶(ga)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)拘禁的(de)(de)(de)葉爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)羌、喀(ka)(ka)什噶(ga)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)封建主瑪罕木(mu)特的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)兒子:大(da)和(he)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)木(mu)、小(xiao)和(he)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)木(mu)。不料兩(liang)年(nian)以后,小(xiao)和(he)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)木(mu)殺死了欽(qin)派的(de)(de)(de)副都統(tong)阿敏(min)道(dao),自稱(cheng)(cheng)巴(ba)圖爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)汗,大(da)和(he)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)木(mu)也(ye)據守喀(ka)(ka)什噶(ga)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),兩(liang)相呼(hu)應(ying)(ying),稱(cheng)(cheng)雄南(nan)(nan)疆,開始了大(da)規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)武裝(zhuang)反清(qing)。此后,圖爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)都臺(tai)吉等不愿歸附分裂的(de)(de)(de)部落(luo),配合(he)清(qing)軍(jun),于乾(qian)隆(long)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian),徹底(di)平息了大(da)、小(xiao)和(he)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)叛(pan)亂(luan)。 乾(qian)隆(long)二(er)十(shi)(shi)五年(nian),圖爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)都等五戶(hu)助戰有功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)和(he)卓(zhuo)(zhuo),及(ji)霍集斯等三戶(hu)在平亂(luan)中立功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)疆維(wei)吾爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)上層人士應(ying)(ying)召(zhao)陸(lu)續(xu)來到北(bei)京,拜見高(gao)宗(zong)皇帝。乾(qian)隆(long)令他們在京居住(zhu),并派使者接他們的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)眷來京,封圖爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)都等為一(yi)等臺(tai)吉。圖爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)都27歲的(de)(de)(de)妹妹也(ye)被(bei)選入宮,冊封為和(he)貴人(即香妃)。顯然,這是乾(qian)隆(long)皇帝統(tong)一(yi)新(xin)疆后,實行(xing)“因俗而(er)制”的(de)(de)(de)政治需(xu)要,即政治聯(lian)姻。
貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)清(qing)朝后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)八個(ge)等(deng)(deng)級中(zhong),屬于第六(liu)(liu)個(ge)等(deng)(deng)級,其前有(you)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、皇(huang)(huang)(huang)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、嬪,其后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)常在(zai)(zai)和答(da)應。由(you)于和貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)人(ren)(ren)入(ru)(ru)宮(gong)時帶來了祥瑞(rui)(從南方移栽到(dao)宮(gong)內的(de)(de)荔枝樹,竟(jing)結出(chu)了200多顆荔枝),很得(de)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)上的(de)(de)青睞,也(ye)很受皇(huang)(huang)(huang)太后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)喜愛(ai)。因(yin)此在(zai)(zai)和貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)人(ren)(ren)入(ru)(ru)宮(gong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)第三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),即(ji)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)日,皇(huang)(huang)(huang)太后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)降(jiang)旨(zhi),冊封(feng)和貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)嬪。她(ta)的(de)(de)哥哥,原封(feng)為(wei)一(yi)等(deng)(deng)臺吉的(de)(de)圖爾都(dou),也(ye)因(yin)追論進攻喀什噶爾有(you)功.而同(tong)時晉(jin)爵,封(feng)為(wei)輔(fu)國公(gong)。乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春天,高宗第四次南巡,攜(xie)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)太后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、皇(huang)(huang)(huang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、慶妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、香妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、圖爾都(dou)以(yi)及(ji)大學士(shi)傅恒(heng)等(deng)(deng)王公(gong)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)戚1000余人(ren)(ren)同(tong)行。一(yi)路上,乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)對香妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)格外(wai)恩賞.前后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)賜給(gei)她(ta)80多種口味適宜的(de)(de)飯菜,其中(zhong)就有(you)名貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)奶酥油野(ye)鴨子、酒(jiu)燉羊肉(rou)、羊池士(shi)等(deng)(deng)。之后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),香妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)俊俏和異域情調進一(yi)步贏得(de)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝的(de)(de)垂愛(ai)和信任(ren),乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)六(liu)(liu)月(yue)(yue),皇(huang)(huang)(huang)太后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)懿旨(zhi),將她(ta)由(you)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)嬪晉(jin)為(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),并由(you)賞給(gei)處(chu)為(wei)她(ta)準備(bei)滿洲朝服(fu)(fu)、吉服(fu)(fu)、項圈、耳墜、數珠(zhu)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue),受命(ming)為(wei)正(zheng)、副使的(de)(de)大學士(shi)尹繼善、內閣學士(shi)邁(mai)拉遜,持節冊封(feng)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)嬪為(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),冊文曰:“爾容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)嬪霍卓氏,端謹(jin)持躬,柔嘉(jia)表則,秉小心而有(you)恪(ke),久勤服(fu)(fu)事(shi)于慈(ci)(ci)闈,供內職以(yi)無違,夙協箴規(gui)于女(nv)史,茲奉皇(huang)(huang)(huang)太后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)慈(ci)(ci)諭,冊封(feng)爾為(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)……。”這一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),香妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)35歲。三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)又(you)(you)攜(xie)香妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)(deng)六(liu)(liu)位妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)嬪東(dong)巡,游歷泰山,拜竭孔廟。由(you)于乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)烏喇那拉氏皇(huang)(huang)(huang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亡故,乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)聲稱(cheng)不再立后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou);乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),皇(huang)(huang)(huang)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)又(you)(you)病死,因(yin)此,到(dao)這個(ge)時候,容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)的(de)(de)眾多后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)中(zhong)已處(chu)于舉足(zu)輕重的(de)(de)地位。乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)日,皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝在(zai)(zai)圓明園奉三無私(si)殿設宴(yan)會餐,容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)已入(ru)(ru)主了西(xi)邊(bian)頭桌的(de)(de)首位,到(dao)同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二月(yue)(yue)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)清(qing)宮(gong)大宴(yan),容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)又(you)(you)升格到(dao)了東(dong)邊(bian)坐桌的(de)(de)第二位。這時,容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)已48歲,到(dao)了她(ta)地位與殊(shu)榮(rong)的(de)(de)頂峰。乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九日,容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)離世(shi),享年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)55歲。
香妃(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)故事歷(li)來非常迷人。傳(chuan)說她“玉容未近,芳香襲人,即(ji)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)花香也(ye)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)粉(fen)香,別有一種奇芳異馥,沁人心脾”。是(shi)新(xin)疆回部(bu)酋長霍集占的(de)(de)王妃(fei)(fei)(fei),回部(bu)叛亂,霍集占被清廷誅殺,將軍兆(zhao)惠將香妃(fei)(fei)(fei)生(sheng)擒送與(yu)乾隆(long)。但(dan)香妃(fei)(fei)(fei)心懷“國破家亡,情愿一死”之(zhi)志,始(shi)終不(bu)(bu)從乾隆(long),最后(hou)被太后(hou)賜死。死后(hou),將其運回家鄉安葬,故新(xin)疆喀什有香妃(fei)(fei)(fei)墓。
然而傳說再引人(ren)入勝,也與歷史事(shi)實相去甚(shen)遠。
《清史稿》記載:香妃,和(he)卓(zhuo)氏,回部臺(tai)吉和(he)札(zha)賚(lai)女。初入(ru)宮,號貴(gui)人。累(lei)進為(wei)妃。
1788年香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)病逝,年屆(jie)80歲的(de)(de)(de)(de)乾(qian)隆老(lao)淚縱(zong)橫(heng),也(ye)曾生出將香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺體(ti)送(song)(song)回喀什安(an)葬的(de)(de)(de)(de)念頭,但有悖(bei)于大清(qing)祖傳皇(huang)(huang)規。按規定(ding),滿清(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)只(zhi)能葬于皇(huang)(huang)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東陵(ling)后妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)園寢中,絕不(bu)準移送(song)(song)原(yuan)籍。乾(qian)隆陷(xian)入“兩難”,在惆悵百結之中,忽(hu)地茅塞頓開,香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),何(he)不(bu)在名字上作(zuo)作(zuo)文章。一(yi)個萬全(quan)之策應運(yun)面生。 他命(ming)令雕工(gong)匠(jiang)仿照(zhao)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)生前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)型(xing)相貌加工(gong)了(le)一(yi)個與真(zhen)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)模一(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)“香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)”。全(quan)身裹以(yi)白布,只(zhi)留出面部以(yi)便(bian)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)家(jia)人(ren)現瞻吊唁。這居然蒙(meng)過了(le)一(yi)大家(jia)族人(ren)。此時被冊封(feng)為輔(fu)國公的(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)哥(ge)哥(ge)圖爾(er)迪(di)亦已去(qu)世,乾(qian)隆便(bian)傳旨將其兄妹倆一(yi)真(zhen)一(yi)假的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺體(ti)同時遷葬喀什,由香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)人(ren)護送(song)(song)靈柩(jiu)回新疆。
100多號人的(de)(de)(de)抬尸隊伍,歷經半年的(de)(de)(de)艱難(nan)跋涉終于(yu)到達目的(de)(de)(de)地(di)。香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)的(de)(de)(de)親人們(men)查(cha)看了(le)香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)和她哥哥的(de)(de)(de)遺體面容,確(que)認無(wu)誤后即刻下葬入穴。香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)的(de)(de)(de)遺體早已隱秘地(di)葬在了(le)清東陵(ling),而(er)那個檀香(xiang)(xiang)木雕制的(de)(de)(de)假香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei),卻登堂入室地(di)埋進了(le)祖先阿帕(pa)霍加的(de)(de)(de)墓之內,由此人們(men)只記(ji)住(zhu)了(le)香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)和香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)墓,而(er)對(dui)于(yu)墓地(di)的(de)(de)(de)真正主(zhu)人卻疏(shu)于(yu)談論。
從前,在(zai)我(wo)國新(xin)疆地區,有(you)一個維吾(wu)爾族(zu)首領(ling)的妻子(zi),長(chang)得非常(chang)漂亮(liang),并且身上(shang)有(you)一股奇異(yi)的香味兒,人們(men)都管她(ta)叫香妃。
這事兒被(bei)清朝皇帝乾隆知(zhi)道了(le),就叫下邊兒人把香妃給搶到了(le)北京(jing)。
家仇鄉恨,香(xiang)妃(fei)滿腔悲(bei)憤(fen),身上暗藏(zang)(zang)了(le)鋒利的刀子(zi),想尋短見。被“選(xuan)”進北京以后,要不是乾(qian)隆(long)叫(jiao)人看得嚴,香(xiang)妃(fei)早就自(zi)殺身亡(wang)了(le)。要叫(jiao)她給乾(qian)隆(long)做妃(fei)子(zi),是誰說也(ye)不從,誰勸也(ye)不依。乾(qian)隆(long)眼(yan)巴巴地(di)看著這(zhe)個如(ru)花似玉的美人兒,也(ye)沒辦法,不敢接近她,知道她身上藏(zang)(zang)著刀子(zi),怕她自(zi)殺了(le),但又(you)不死心,就把香(xiang)妃(fei)安置(zhi)在(zai)中南海住下了(le)。
乾隆皇帝為這件(jian)事(shi)很犯了(le)愁。維(wei)吾爾族多(duo)信奉伊斯(si)蘭教,也就是我們平常說的(de)回(hui)教。為了(le)討好香(xiang)妃,他命令宮人(ren)說,香(xiang)妃的(de)起居飲食,一定(ding)要按照(zhao)回(hui)教的(de)風俗習慣(guan)去安排。宮人(ren)也都照(zhao)辦了(le)。這雖說博得了(le)香(xiang)妃的(de)歡心,但仍然消除不了(le)香(xiang)妃想家的(de)念頭(tou)。
乾隆心里又琢(zhuo)磨開了(le):怎么才(cai)能給(gei)香(xiang)(xiang)妃消(xiao)愁解悶(men)兒(er)呢?他想(xiang)來(lai)(lai)想(xiang)去(qu),有(you)了(le),回民住的(de)地方不是(shi)(shi)都有(you)做禮(li)(li)拜(bai)(bai)的(de)地方嗎?我(wo)照著她家(jia)鄉的(de)禮(li)(li)拜(bai)(bai)寺(si)給(gei)她蓋一(yi)個(ge),她一(yi)想(xiang)家(jia),就(jiu)(jiu)叫她看(kan)一(yi)看(kan),不就(jiu)(jiu)好(hao)像到了(le)家(jia)鄉一(yi)樣嗎?就(jiu)(jiu)這(zhe)么辦(ban)啦(la)!皇帝(di)有(you)的(de)是(shi)(shi)錢,說干就(jiu)(jiu)干。命令(ling)一(yi)下,很快(kuai)就(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)寶月樓(lou)(就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)現(xian)在(zai)西長(chang)安街(jie)中南海的(de)新(xin)華門樓(lou))的(de)對面兒(er),仿照香(xiang)(xiang)妃家(jia)鄉的(de)禮(li)(li)拜(bai)(bai)寺(si),修(xiu)了(le)一(yi)座莊嚴(yan)肅穆(mu)的(de)伊(yi)斯蘭禮(li)(li)拜(bai)(bai)寺(si)樓(lou),有(you)兩三丈高,樓(lou)基上有(you)兩層(ceng)樓(lou)閣。在(zai)這(zhe)座建筑(zhu)的(de)后邊(bian)兒(er)住著的(de)是(shi)(shi)隨香(xiang)(xiang)妃來(lai)(lai)北京的(de)回教人。
每當香(xiang)妃思念家鄉心切的(de)(de)(de)時候,就叫(jiao)宮女陪著,登上(shang)寶(bao)月樓(lou),向南眺望(wang)對面的(de)(de)(de)這座仿照她家鄉樣(yang)式蓋(gai)的(de)(de)(de)伊斯蘭教樓(lou);看見了自己(ji)家鄉的(de)(de)(de)教樓(lou),看見了頭戴回(hui)民帽子、出來進去的(de)(de)(de)家鄉同胞,就好像回(hui)到自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)家鄉一樣(yang),她精神(shen)上(shang)得到了很大的(de)(de)(de)安(an)慰。于(yu)是這座樓(lou)便被叫(jiao)做了望(wang)家樓(lou)。
但是(shi)香(xiang)妃(fei)還(huan)是(shi)想(xiang)家,不(bu)跟乾(qian)隆過日子(zi)。乾(qian)隆的母親皇(huang)太后很(hen)替兒子(zi)著(zhu)急。她想(xiang),怎么哄,香(xiang)妃(fei)也(ye)不(bu)從(cong),一(yi)(yi)年(nian)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)老這樣下去(qu)也(ye)不(bu)行(xing)啊!她就打定了主意。有一(yi)(yi)天,趁著(zhu)乾(qian)隆出(chu)宮不(bu)在家,她就把(ba)香(xiang)妃(fei)叫(jiao)到(dao)了跟前(qian),問香(xiang)妃(fei):“你到(dao)底(di)是(shi)從(cong)還(huan)是(shi)不(bu)從(cong)?”香(xiang)妃(fei)還(huan)是(shi)不(bu)從(cong)。皇(huang)太后說(shuo)啦:“不(bu)從(cong),就叫(jiao)你死(si)!”香(xiang)妃(fei)笑著(zhu)說(shuo):“我被(bei)你們搶來(lai)就沒(mei)打算活著(zhu)!”于是(shi)皇(huang)太后就“賜白”,扔給(gei)她一(yi)(yi)條白綢(chou)子(zi),叫(jiao)人把(ba)香(xiang)妃(fei)給(gei)絞(jiao)死(si)了。
后來望(wang)家樓(lou)沒有了,寶月樓(lou)改叫(jiao)了新(xin)華門(men)。但是現今西(xi)長安街附(fu)近還(huan)住著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)些回族同胞。北京人心里還(huan)一(yi)(yi)直記念著(zhu)香(xiang)妃,一(yi)(yi)代一(yi)(yi)代地傳說著(zhu)關(guan)于香(xiang)妃和(he)望(wang)家樓(lou)的故事。
據(ju)傳(chuan)聞,乾隆(long)(long)中葉,清(qing)(qing)軍入(ru)回(hui)疆,定(ding)邊將(jiang)軍兆惠(hui)俘(fu)獲一回(hui)部王妃,此女(nv)子(zi)(zi)天生麗質,更(geng)奇的(de)(de)(de)是她身(shen)體會散發異香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),人稱(cheng)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃。乾隆(long)(long)帝對她大(da)為(wei)(wei)(wei)傾(qing)心(xin)(xin)(xin),執意納之為(wei)(wei)(wei)妃,為(wei)(wei)(wei)討其(qi)(qi)歡心(xin)(xin)(xin),特在西(xi)宛建造一座(zuo)寶月樓,供香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃居住,并常(chang)親(qin)臨探視,希其(qi)(qi)順從(cong)。然而(er)(er)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃性格剛(gang)烈,誓死(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)從(cong),并身(shen)藏利刃,表示不(bu)(bu)屈(qu)決心(xin)(xin)(xin),還時常(chang)因(yin)思念家(jia)鄉(xiang)凄(qi)然淚下。皇太(tai)后(hou)(hou)得知此事,召(zhao)見香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃,問(wen)她:“你不(bu)(bu)肯屈(qu)志(zhi),究竟(jing)作何(he)打算?”香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃以(yi)“唯死(si)(si)而(er)(er)已”相答,太(tai)后(hou)(hou)說(shuo):“那么今(jin)日(ri)就賜你一死(si)(si)。”香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃頓首拜謝(xie),于是趁乾隆(long)(long)帝單獨宿齋宮之際,命人將(jiang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃縊死(si)(si)。太(tai)后(hou)(hou)處死(si)(si)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin),除(chu)了上述為(wei)(wei)(wei)成全(quan)其(qi)(qi)名節外,另有(you)說(shuo)是太(tai)后(hou)(hou)擔心(xin)(xin)(xin)自己的(de)(de)(de)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)弘歷(即乾隆(long)(long)帝)為(wei)(wei)(wei)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃所害,還有(you)說(shuo)由于香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃受(shou)乾隆(long)(long)帝寵愛,諸妃妒忌(ji),向太(tai)后(hou)(hou)進讒(chan)言,太(tai)后(hou)(hou)聽信讒(chan)言而(er)(er)加害香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃。香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃死(si)(si)后(hou)(hou),乾隆(long)(long)帝悲(bei)傷不(bu)(bu)已,最(zui)后(hou)(hou)以(yi)妃禮將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)棺槨送往(wang)故鄉(xiang)安葬。此說(shuo)在清(qing)(qing)末民初(chu)流傳(chuan)頗廣,出(chu)現不(bu)(bu)少(shao)(shao)敘述香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃故事的(de)(de)(de)戲曲說(shuo)唱(chang)、小說(shuo)詩歌,繪(hui)聲(sheng)繪(hui)色,凄(qi)婉動人,使不(bu)(bu)少(shao)(shao)人對香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃傳(chuan)聞信以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)實。1914年故宮浴德(de)堂展出(chu)一幅以(yi)《香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃戎裝像》為(wei)(wei)(wei)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)代女(nv)子(zi)(zi)戎裝油畫像,于是傳(chuan)說(shuo)更(geng)甚。
有(you)人指出,有(you)關香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)事跡僅(jin)為(wei)(wei)傳說而已,并非歷史事實,根本(ben)不(bu)存在香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)其人。乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)帝(di)先后(hou)有(you)嬪妃(fei)(fei)(fei)四十多人,只有(you)容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)卓氏來(lai)自葉爾羌(qiang)(今新疆莎車)回部,一般認為(wei)(wei)她就是(shi)傳說中(zhong)附會(hui)的(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei),但(dan)實際(ji)上容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)并不(bu)是(shi)被(bei)掠進(jin)宮(gong)的(de)(de)。和(he)卓氏是(shi)秉持回教始(shi)祖派(pai)噶木巴爾的(de)(de)后(hou)裔,生于雍正(zheng)十二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1734)九(jiu)月(yue)十五(wu)日,屬(shu)和(he)卓旗。乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)二(er)(er)十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(176O)二(er)(er)月(yue),定邊將軍兆惠平定回部,和(he)卓氏親屬(shu)因配合清軍作戰有(you)功而受封(feng),并到(dao)京師(shi)定居,和(he)卓氏也隨同到(dao)京師(shi)。后(hou)和(he)卓氏被(bei)選入宮(gong),乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)二(er)(er)十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)月(yue)被(bei)封(feng)為(wei)(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)嬪,乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)三(san)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)六月(yue),晉(jin)升為(wei)(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei),時年(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)十五(wu)歲。容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)深得乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)帝(di)寵愛,曾隨乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)帝(di)東巡、南巡,特允于宮(gong)中(zhong)著(zhu)本(ben)族服裝(zhuang),專(zhuan)配回回廚師(shi)。自乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)五(wu)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)起,容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)因病很少于宮(gong)中(zhong)露面,乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)五(wu)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1788)四月(yue)病故,年(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)十五(wu)歲。史籍與檔案(an)中(zhong),也未見容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)有(you)體散異香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)記載,更(geng)無(wu)(wu)被(bei)皇太(tai)后(hou)賜死的(de)(de)結局。可見,容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)并無(wu)(wu)傳說中(zhong)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)曲折經歷,她不(bu)是(shi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)。另外(wai),有(you)史料證明(ming),乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)帝(di)下令在西(xi)苑建寶月(yue)樓的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)不(bu)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(或稱香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)),從時間來(lai)看,寶月(yue)樓建在容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)進(jin)京之前,當時乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)帝(di)怎么(me)知道和(he)卓氏進(jin)京并能為(wei)(wei)己(ji)所愛?那(nei)幅清代女子(zi)戎裝(zhuang)像的(de)(de)命(ming)名,也是(shi)極不(bu)可靠的(de)(de)。所以香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)事跡純(chun)屬(shu)子(zi)虛。
此外,關(guan)于容(rong)妃(fei)墓的(de)地點,一為(wei)(wei)(wei)喀什(shen)(shen)噶爾(今新疆(jiang)喀什(shen)(shen)),一為(wei)(wei)(wei)河北(bei)遵化縣東陵。容(rong)妃(fei)一人(ren)怎葬兩(liang)地?傳說當年(nian)容(rong)妃(fei)去世后,其(qi)遺體(ti)由靈轎(jiao)運送到(dao)喀什(shen)(shen)噶爾東北(bei)郊(jiao)的(de)伊斯蘭(lan)墓群下(xia)葬,一架“馱轎(jiao)”還停(ting)放墓側(ce)。河北(bei)遵化縣馬蘭(lan)峪清東陵裕妃(fei)園寢(qin)中(zhong)(zhong),亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)一座容(rong)妃(fei)墓。1979年(nian)10月被發(fa)掘,地宮有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)個券堂組成(cheng),均為(wei)(wei)(wei)拱(gong)券石結(jie)構。在金券的(de)寶(bao)床上,停(ting)放一紅漆棺木,棺幫為(wei)(wei)(wei)盜(dao)墓人(ren)砍開(kai)一大(da)洞,棺中(zhong)(zhong)已空,棺頭(tou)正中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)數行回文文字,意(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“以真(zhen)主名義(yi)……”棺木西側(ce)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一頭(tou)骨(gu),西北(bei)角又有(you)(you)(you)(you)一根八(ba)十(shi)五(wu)厘米長的(de)花白發(fa)辮(bian)、青(qing)緞襯(chen)帽、包(bao)頭(tou)青(qing)紗等(deng),還有(you)(you)(you)(you)一些龍袍殘片和幾件織(zhi)物(wu),織(zhi)物(wu)上織(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)“江南織(zhi)造臣成(cheng)善(shan)”、“蘇州(zhou)織(zhi)造臣四德(de)”等(deng)字樣,墓中(zhong)(zhong)還存有(you)(you)(you)(you)如意(yi)、荷包(bao)、珍珠、寶(bao)石、貓眼石、鉆石等(deng)。棺頭(tou)文字表明墓主為(wei)(wei)(wei)伊斯蘭(lan)教(jiao)信徒(tu),龍袍和貓眼石等(deng)證明其(qi)身份為(wei)(wei)(wei)妃(fei)子,由花白發(fa)辮(bian)推斷死者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)十(shi)五(wu)歲左右,織(zhi)物(wu)上“四德(de)”、“成(cheng)善(shan)”皆為(wei)(wei)(wei)乾隆五(wu)十(shi)三年(nian)的(de)織(zhi)造官,可(ke)見這才是真(zhen)正的(de)容(rong)妃(fei)墓。