在乾隆(long)皇帝的(de)(de)(de)40多(duo)個后妃中,有一位維(wei)吾爾族(zu)女子(zi),她就(jiu)是(shi)聞(wen)名(ming)遐邇(er)的(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)妃。其(qi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)香(xiang)妃是(shi)否遍體(ti)生(sheng)香(xiang),根本(ben)無從考(kao)證(zheng)。但(dan)乾隆(long)帝只(zhi)有一個維(wei)吾爾族(zu)妃子(zi)卻是(shi)史(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。她就(jiu)是(shi)容妃。在乾隆(long)帝的(de)(de)(de)40多(duo)名(ming)妃子(zi)中,有一名(ming)回妃,本(ben)不(bu)奇怪,可是(shi)在容妃死后的(de)(de)(de)一百多(duo)年內,卻引起了一批騷人(ren)墨客的(de)(de)(de)興趣,在容妃身上大做文章,甚(shen)至(zhi)編造出一個“香(xiang)[2]妃”的(de)(de)(de)故事。從野史(shi)、詩詞(ci)到舞臺,繪聲繪影大肆渲染,競達到了真假難辨的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度。詩詞(ci)、戲曲中的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)物是(shi)可以編造的(de)(de)(de),但(dan)發展到排除(chu)史(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、以假亂(luan)真的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度,就(jiu)有問題了。以下,我們暫(zan)還按(an)習(xi)慣(guan)稱其(qi)為(wei)香(xiang)妃,看(kan)看(kan)她的(de)(de)(de)真實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)平。
雍正十(shi)二(er)年(1734年)九月十(shi)五(wu)日,香(xiang)妃誕生(sheng)在(zai)新疆(jiang)和卓(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)家庭。和卓(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)族(zu)(zu)是(shi)世(shi)居(ju)葉爾(er)(er)(er)羌的(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)吾(wu)爾(er)(er)(er)族(zu)(zu)始祖(zu)派(pai)噶木巴(ba)爾(er)(er)(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)裔(yi),其族(zu)(zu)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)和卓(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),所以香(xiang)妃又叫(jiao)和卓(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)氏。其父為(wei)(wei)第二(er)十(shi)九世(shi)回部(bu)臺吉(ji)(貴(gui)族(zu)(zu)首(shou)領(ling))圖(tu)(tu)(tu)爾(er)(er)(er)都。乾隆二(er)十(shi)年五(wu)月,清(qing)軍(jun)進軍(jun)伊犁,二(er)次(ci)平(ping)定準噶爾(er)(er)(er)叛(pan)亂,解救了(le)(le)被準噶爾(er)(er)(er)拘禁的(de)(de)(de)(de)葉爾(er)(er)(er)羌、喀什(shen)噶爾(er)(er)(er)封(feng)建主瑪罕木特的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)兒(er)子:大(da)和卓(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)木、小和卓(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)木。不(bu)料兩年以后(hou)(hou),小和卓(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)木殺死了(le)(le)欽派(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)副都統(tong)阿敏道,自稱(cheng)(cheng)巴(ba)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)爾(er)(er)(er)汗(han),大(da)和卓(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)木也(ye)據守喀什(shen)噶爾(er)(er)(er),兩相呼應,稱(cheng)(cheng)雄南疆(jiang),開始了(le)(le)大(da)規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)裝反清(qing)。此后(hou)(hou),圖(tu)(tu)(tu)爾(er)(er)(er)都臺吉(ji)等不(bu)愿歸附分裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)落,配合清(qing)軍(jun),于乾隆二(er)十(shi)四年,徹底平(ping)息了(le)(le)大(da)、小和卓(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)木的(de)(de)(de)(de)叛(pan)亂。 乾隆二(er)十(shi)五(wu)年,圖(tu)(tu)(tu)爾(er)(er)(er)都等五(wu)戶助戰有功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)和卓(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),及(ji)霍集(ji)斯等三戶在(zai)平(ping)亂中立功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)南疆(jiang)維(wei)吾(wu)爾(er)(er)(er)上層人士(shi)應召陸(lu)續來到北京(jing),拜(bai)見高宗皇帝。乾隆令他(ta)們在(zai)京(jing)居(ju)住,并派(pai)使者接他(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)家眷來京(jing),封(feng)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)爾(er)(er)(er)都等為(wei)(wei)一等臺吉(ji)。圖(tu)(tu)(tu)爾(er)(er)(er)都27歲(sui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)妹妹也(ye)被選入宮(gong),冊封(feng)為(wei)(wei)和貴(gui)人(即(ji)香(xiang)妃)。顯然,這(zhe)是(shi)乾隆皇帝統(tong)一新疆(jiang)后(hou)(hou),實(shi)行“因俗而制”的(de)(de)(de)(de)政治需要,即(ji)政治聯姻。
貴(gui)(gui)人(ren)(ren)在清(qing)朝(chao)后(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)八個等(deng)級中,屬于(yu)第(di)(di)六(liu)個等(deng)級,其前(qian)有(you)皇(huang)后(hou)(hou)、皇(huang)貴(gui)(gui)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、貴(gui)(gui)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、嬪(pin)(pin)(pin),其后(hou)(hou)有(you)常在和(he)(he)答應。由于(yu)和(he)(he)貴(gui)(gui)人(ren)(ren)入(ru)宮時(shi)帶來了(le)祥瑞(從南(nan)方移栽到(dao)(dao)宮內的(de)(de)荔枝樹,竟結出了(le)200多顆荔枝),很得皇(huang)上(shang)的(de)(de)青睞,也(ye)(ye)很受皇(huang)太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)喜愛。因此(ci)在和(he)(he)貴(gui)(gui)人(ren)(ren)入(ru)宮后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)第(di)(di)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),即乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)月十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)日,皇(huang)太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou)降旨,冊封和(he)(he)貴(gui)(gui)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)嬪(pin)(pin)(pin)。她(ta)的(de)(de)哥(ge)哥(ge),原封為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)等(deng)臺(tai)吉(ji)的(de)(de)圖爾都,也(ye)(ye)因追論(lun)進(jin)攻(gong)喀什噶爾有(you)功.而(er)同時(shi)晉(jin)爵,封為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔國公。乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春天,高宗(zong)第(di)(di)四(si)次南(nan)巡,攜皇(huang)太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou)、皇(huang)后(hou)(hou)、慶妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、圖爾都以(yi)及大學士傅恒等(deng)王(wang)公貴(gui)(gui)戚1000余人(ren)(ren)同行。一(yi)(yi)路上(shang),乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)對香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)格外恩賞(shang).前(qian)后(hou)(hou)賜給她(ta)80多種口味適宜的(de)(de)飯菜,其中就有(you)名貴(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)奶酥油野鴨子(zi)、酒燉(dun)羊肉(rou)、羊池士等(deng)。之后(hou)(hou),香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)俊俏(qiao)和(he)(he)異域情調(diao)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步贏得乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)皇(huang)帝(di)的(de)(de)垂愛和(he)(he)信任(ren),乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)六(liu)月,皇(huang)太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou)懿旨,將她(ta)由容(rong)(rong)(rong)嬪(pin)(pin)(pin)晉(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),并由賞(shang)給處(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)她(ta)準備(bei)滿洲朝(chao)服、吉(ji)服、項圈、耳(er)墜、數珠(zhu)等(deng)等(deng)。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)月,受命為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正、副使的(de)(de)大學士尹繼(ji)善(shan)、內閣學士邁拉(la)遜,持節冊封容(rong)(rong)(rong)嬪(pin)(pin)(pin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),冊文曰(yue):“爾容(rong)(rong)(rong)嬪(pin)(pin)(pin)霍卓氏,端謹持躬,柔嘉表(biao)則,秉小心而(er)有(you)恪,久(jiu)勤服事于(yu)慈闈(wei),供內職以(yi)無違,夙(su)協(xie)箴規于(yu)女史,茲奉皇(huang)太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou)慈諭,冊封爾為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)……。”這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)35歲。三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)后(hou)(hou),乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)又(you)攜香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)六(liu)位(wei)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)嬪(pin)(pin)(pin)東(dong)巡,游歷泰山,拜竭孔廟(miao)。由于(yu)乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)烏喇那(nei)拉(la)氏皇(huang)后(hou)(hou)亡故,乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)聲(sheng)稱不再立后(hou)(hou);乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),皇(huang)貴(gui)(gui)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)又(you)病死,因此(ci),到(dao)(dao)這(zhe)個時(shi)候,容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)的(de)(de)眾多后(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)中已處(chu)于(yu)舉(ju)足輕(qing)重的(de)(de)地(di)位(wei)。乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正月十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)日,皇(huang)帝(di)在圓明(ming)園奉三無私殿設宴會餐,容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)已入(ru)主了(le)西邊頭桌的(de)(de)首位(wei),到(dao)(dao)同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月乾(qian)(qian)清(qing)宮大宴,容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)又(you)升格到(dao)(dao)了(le)東(dong)邊坐桌的(de)(de)第(di)(di)二(er)位(wei)。這(zhe)時(shi),容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)已48歲,到(dao)(dao)了(le)她(ta)地(di)位(wei)與殊榮的(de)(de)頂峰。乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)月十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)日,容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)離世,享年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)55歲。
香(xiang)妃的故事(shi)歷來非(fei)常(chang)迷(mi)人。傳說她“玉(yu)容未(wei)近,芳香(xiang)襲人,即不(bu)是花香(xiang)也不(bu)是粉香(xiang),別有一種(zhong)奇芳異馥,沁人心(xin)脾”。是新疆回(hui)部酋長霍(huo)集(ji)占(zhan)的王妃,回(hui)部叛亂,霍(huo)集(ji)占(zhan)被清廷誅殺(sha),將(jiang)軍兆惠將(jiang)香(xiang)妃生(sheng)擒送與(yu)乾(qian)隆。但香(xiang)妃心(xin)懷“國破家(jia)(jia)亡(wang),情愿一死”之志,始終不(bu)從乾(qian)隆,最后(hou)被太后(hou)賜死。死后(hou),將(jiang)其運回(hui)家(jia)(jia)鄉(xiang)安葬,故新疆喀(ka)什(shen)有香(xiang)妃墓(mu)。
然而(er)傳說再引人入勝(sheng),也與歷史事實相去甚遠。
《清史稿(gao)》記載(zai):香妃(fei),和(he)卓氏,回部臺吉和(he)札(zha)賚女(nv)。初入宮,號貴人。累(lei)進(jin)為(wei)妃(fei)。
1788年香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)病逝,年屆80歲的(de)(de)乾隆老淚縱(zong)橫,也曾生出將香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)遺體送回(hui)喀(ka)什安葬(zang)的(de)(de)念頭,但有悖于大清祖傳皇規。按規定,滿清的(de)(de)后妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)只能葬(zang)于皇家(jia)的(de)(de)東陵后妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)園寢中,絕不(bu)準移送原(yuan)籍(ji)。乾隆陷入(ru)“兩難”,在惆悵百結之中,忽(hu)地茅(mao)塞頓開,香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),何不(bu)在名字上作(zuo)作(zuo)文章。一(yi)個萬全之策應運面生。 他命令雕(diao)工匠仿照香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)生前的(de)(de)體型相貌加(jia)工了一(yi)個與真香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)模一(yi)樣的(de)(de)“香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)”。全身裹以白布(bu),只留(liu)出面部(bu)以便(bian)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)家(jia)人(ren)現瞻吊唁。這居然蒙過了一(yi)大家(jia)族人(ren)。此(ci)時(shi)被冊封為(wei)輔(fu)國公的(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)哥(ge)哥(ge)圖爾迪亦已去世,乾隆便(bian)傳旨將其兄妹(mei)倆一(yi)真一(yi)假(jia)的(de)(de)遺體同時(shi)遷葬(zang)喀(ka)什,由(you)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)家(jia)人(ren)護(hu)送靈柩回(hui)新疆。
100多號人的(de)(de)抬尸(shi)隊(dui)伍(wu),歷經(jing)半年的(de)(de)艱難跋涉終于(yu)到(dao)達目的(de)(de)地(di)(di)。香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)親(qin)人們查看(kan)了(le)(le)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)和她哥(ge)哥(ge)的(de)(de)遺體(ti)面容,確(que)認無誤后(hou)即刻下葬入穴。香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)遺體(ti)早已(yi)隱秘地(di)(di)葬在了(le)(le)清東陵,而那(nei)個檀(tan)香(xiang)木雕制(zhi)的(de)(de)假香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei),卻登堂入室地(di)(di)埋進了(le)(le)祖先(xian)阿帕霍加(jia)的(de)(de)墓之內,由此人們只記住了(le)(le)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)和香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)墓,而對于(yu)墓地(di)(di)的(de)(de)真正(zheng)主人卻疏(shu)于(yu)談論。
從前,在我國新疆地區,有(you)一個維吾爾族首領的妻子,長(chang)得非常漂亮,并且(qie)身上有(you)一股(gu)奇異的香味兒,人(ren)們都管她(ta)叫(jiao)香妃。
這事兒被(bei)清朝皇帝乾隆(long)知道了(le),就叫下(xia)邊兒人把香妃(fei)給搶到了(le)北京。
家仇鄉恨,香(xiang)妃滿腔悲憤,身上暗藏(zang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)鋒(feng)利的(de)(de)刀子,想尋短見。被“選”進北(bei)京以后,要(yao)不是乾隆(long)叫人看得嚴,香(xiang)妃早(zao)就自殺身亡(wang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。要(yao)叫她給乾隆(long)做妃子,是誰(shui)說也(ye)(ye)不從,誰(shui)勸也(ye)(ye)不依。乾隆(long)眼巴巴地看著(zhu)這個如花似(si)玉(yu)的(de)(de)美人兒(er),也(ye)(ye)沒辦法,不敢接近她,知(zhi)道她身上藏(zang)著(zhu)刀子,怕她自殺了(le)(le)(le)(le),但又不死心,就把(ba)香(xiang)妃安置在(zai)中南海住下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。
乾隆皇帝為這件事(shi)很犯了(le)愁。維(wei)吾爾族(zu)多信奉伊(yi)斯蘭教(jiao)(jiao),也(ye)(ye)就是我(wo)們(men)平常說(shuo)的(de)(de)回(hui)教(jiao)(jiao)。為了(le)討好香妃(fei),他(ta)命令宮人說(shuo),香妃(fei)的(de)(de)起居飲(yin)食,一定要按(an)照回(hui)教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)風俗習慣去(qu)安排。宮人也(ye)(ye)都照辦了(le)。這雖說(shuo)博得了(le)香妃(fei)的(de)(de)歡心,但仍然消除(chu)不了(le)香妃(fei)想家(jia)的(de)(de)念頭。
乾(qian)隆(long)心里又琢磨開了:怎么才(cai)能給香妃(fei)消愁(chou)解悶兒(er)呢?他想(xiang)(xiang)來(lai)想(xiang)(xiang)去,有(you)(you)了,回民(min)住的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方不(bu)是(shi)都有(you)(you)做(zuo)禮(li)拜(bai)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方嗎?我照著(zhu)她(ta)(ta)家鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)禮(li)拜(bai)寺給她(ta)(ta)蓋(gai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge),她(ta)(ta)一(yi)(yi)想(xiang)(xiang)家,就(jiu)(jiu)叫她(ta)(ta)看一(yi)(yi)看,不(bu)就(jiu)(jiu)好像到了家鄉(xiang)一(yi)(yi)樣嗎?就(jiu)(jiu)這么辦啦!皇帝(di)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)錢,說干(gan)(gan)就(jiu)(jiu)干(gan)(gan)。命令一(yi)(yi)下,很快就(jiu)(jiu)在寶月樓(lou)(就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)現在西長安街中(zhong)南海的(de)(de)(de)新華門樓(lou))的(de)(de)(de)對面兒(er),仿照香妃(fei)家鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)禮(li)拜(bai)寺,修了一(yi)(yi)座莊嚴肅穆的(de)(de)(de)伊斯蘭禮(li)拜(bai)寺樓(lou),有(you)(you)兩三丈(zhang)高(gao),樓(lou)基上有(you)(you)兩層樓(lou)閣。在這座建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)后邊兒(er)住著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)隨香妃(fei)來(lai)北京的(de)(de)(de)回教人。
每當香(xiang)妃思念(nian)家(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)心(xin)切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou),就叫(jiao)宮(gong)女陪著,登上寶月樓(lou)(lou),向南眺(tiao)望對(dui)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)這座仿照她家(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)樣(yang)式蓋的(de)(de)(de)伊斯蘭教樓(lou)(lou);看見(jian)了自己家(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)教樓(lou)(lou),看見(jian)了頭戴回民(min)帽子、出來進去的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同胞,就好(hao)像回到自己的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一樣(yang),她精神上得到了很大的(de)(de)(de)安慰。于是這座樓(lou)(lou)便(bian)被叫(jiao)做了望家(jia)樓(lou)(lou)。
但是(shi)(shi)香(xiang)妃還(huan)是(shi)(shi)想(xiang)家,不(bu)(bu)跟乾(qian)隆過日(ri)子。乾(qian)隆的母(mu)親皇(huang)太(tai)后(hou)很替兒子著急。她想(xiang),怎么哄(hong),香(xiang)妃也不(bu)(bu)從,一年(nian)一年(nian)老這樣下去也不(bu)(bu)行啊!她就打(da)定了主意。有一天(tian),趁著乾(qian)隆出(chu)宮不(bu)(bu)在家,她就把(ba)香(xiang)妃叫到了跟前,問香(xiang)妃:“你到底是(shi)(shi)從還(huan)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)從?”香(xiang)妃還(huan)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)從。皇(huang)太(tai)后(hou)說啦:“不(bu)(bu)從,就叫你死!”香(xiang)妃笑著說:“我被你們(men)搶來就沒打(da)算活著!”于是(shi)(shi)皇(huang)太(tai)后(hou)就“賜白”,扔(reng)給她一條白綢子,叫人把(ba)香(xiang)妃給絞死了。
后來望家樓(lou)沒有了,寶月(yue)樓(lou)改叫了新華門。但是現(xian)今西長安街附近還住著(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)回族(zu)同胞。北京人心里還一(yi)(yi)直記念著(zhu)(zhu)香(xiang)妃(fei),一(yi)(yi)代一(yi)(yi)代地傳說著(zhu)(zhu)關于香(xiang)妃(fei)和望家樓(lou)的故事。
據傳(chuan)聞,乾隆中葉,清軍入回(hui)疆,定邊將(jiang)軍兆惠俘獲一回(hui)部王妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),此女子天生(sheng)麗質(zhi),更奇(qi)的是(shi)(shi)她身體會散(san)發異香(xiang),人稱香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。乾隆帝(di)對(dui)她大為(wei)傾心,執(zhi)意納之(zhi)為(wei)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),為(wei)討其(qi)歡心,特在西(xi)宛(wan)建造一座寶月(yue)樓,供香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)居(ju)住,并(bing)常親臨探視,希其(qi)順從。然(ran)而(er)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)性格(ge)剛烈,誓死(si)(si)(si)不(bu)從,并(bing)身藏利刃(ren),表示不(bu)屈決心,還(huan)時(shi)常因(yin)思念家鄉凄(qi)然(ran)淚下。皇太后(hou)得知此事,召見香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),問她:“你不(bu)肯(ken)屈志(zhi),究竟作何打算(suan)?”香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)“唯死(si)(si)(si)而(er)已(yi)”相答,太后(hou)說(shuo):“那么今日就賜你一死(si)(si)(si)。”香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)頓首拜謝,于(yu)是(shi)(shi)趁乾隆帝(di)單獨宿齋宮之(zhi)際,命人將(jiang)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)縊死(si)(si)(si)。太后(hou)處死(si)(si)(si)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的原因(yin),除了上述(shu)為(wei)成(cheng)全其(qi)名(ming)節外,另有說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)太后(hou)擔心自(zi)己的兒子弘歷(即乾隆帝(di))為(wei)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)所(suo)害,還(huan)有說(shuo)由于(yu)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)受乾隆帝(di)寵愛,諸(zhu)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)妒忌(ji),向太后(hou)進讒(chan)言,太后(hou)聽(ting)信讒(chan)言而(er)加(jia)害香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)死(si)(si)(si)后(hou),乾隆帝(di)悲(bei)傷(shang)不(bu)已(yi),最(zui)后(hou)以(yi)(yi)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)禮將(jiang)其(qi)棺槨送往故(gu)鄉安葬(zang)。此說(shuo)在清末民(min)初(chu)流傳(chuan)頗(po)廣,出(chu)(chu)現不(bu)少(shao)敘述(shu)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)故(gu)事的戲曲說(shuo)唱、小說(shuo)詩歌,繪(hui)聲(sheng)繪(hui)色,凄(qi)婉動人,使不(bu)少(shao)人對(dui)香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)傳(chuan)聞信以(yi)(yi)為(wei)實。1914年故(gu)宮浴(yu)德(de)堂展(zhan)出(chu)(chu)一幅以(yi)(yi)《香(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)戎裝像》為(wei)題的清代(dai)女子戎裝油(you)畫像,于(yu)是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)說(shuo)更甚(shen)。
有(you)(you)人(ren)指出,有(you)(you)關(guan)香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)事跡僅為(wei)傳(chuan)說(shuo)而(er)已,并(bing)非歷(li)史(shi)事實,根本不存在(zai)香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)其人(ren)。乾(qian)隆(long)(long)帝(di)(di)先后(hou)有(you)(you)嬪(pin)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)四(si)十(shi)(shi)多(duo)人(ren),只有(you)(you)容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)和卓(zhuo)氏(shi)來自葉(xie)爾(er)(er)羌(qiang)(今新疆(jiang)莎車)回(hui)部,一般認(ren)為(wei)她就是傳(chuan)說(shuo)中(zhong)附會的香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei),但實際(ji)上容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)并(bing)不是被(bei)掠進宮(gong)(gong)的。和卓(zhuo)氏(shi)是秉持回(hui)教(jiao)始祖派噶木巴爾(er)(er)的后(hou)裔,生(sheng)于雍正十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1734)九月(yue)十(shi)(shi)五日(ri),屬和卓(zhuo)旗(qi)。乾(qian)隆(long)(long)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(176O)二(er)(er)月(yue),定(ding)邊將軍兆惠平定(ding)回(hui)部,和卓(zhuo)氏(shi)親(qin)屬因(yin)配合(he)清軍作戰(zhan)有(you)(you)功而(er)受封,并(bing)到(dao)京(jing)師(shi)定(ding)居,和卓(zhuo)氏(shi)也隨(sui)(sui)同到(dao)京(jing)師(shi)。后(hou)和卓(zhuo)氏(shi)被(bei)選入宮(gong)(gong),乾(qian)隆(long)(long)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)五月(yue)被(bei)封為(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)嬪(pin),乾(qian)隆(long)(long)三(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)六月(yue),晉升為(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei),時(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)十(shi)(shi)五歲。容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)深得(de)乾(qian)隆(long)(long)帝(di)(di)寵愛,曾隨(sui)(sui)乾(qian)隆(long)(long)帝(di)(di)東(dong)巡(xun)、南(nan)巡(xun),特允于宮(gong)(gong)中(zhong)著本族服裝,專配回(hui)回(hui)廚(chu)師(shi)。自乾(qian)隆(long)(long)五十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)起,容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)因(yin)病(bing)(bing)很少于宮(gong)(gong)中(zhong)露面,乾(qian)隆(long)(long)五十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1788)四(si)月(yue)病(bing)(bing)故,年(nian)(nian)(nian)五十(shi)(shi)五歲。史(shi)籍(ji)與檔案中(zhong),也未見(jian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)有(you)(you)體散異香(xiang)(xiang)的記(ji)載,更無(wu)被(bei)皇太后(hou)賜(si)死的結局(ju)。可(ke)見(jian),容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)并(bing)無(wu)傳(chuan)說(shuo)中(zhong)香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)的曲折經歷(li),她不是香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)。另外,有(you)(you)史(shi)料證明,乾(qian)隆(long)(long)帝(di)(di)下令在(zai)西苑建(jian)寶(bao)月(yue)樓的目的不是為(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(或稱香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)),從時(shi)間來看,寶(bao)月(yue)樓建(jian)在(zai)容(rong)(rong)(rong)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)進京(jing)之前,當時(shi)乾(qian)隆(long)(long)帝(di)(di)怎么知道和卓(zhuo)氏(shi)進京(jing)并(bing)能(neng)為(wei)己所愛?那幅清代女子戎裝像的命(ming)名,也是極(ji)不可(ke)靠(kao)的。所以香(xiang)(xiang)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)事跡純屬子虛。
此外,關于容妃(fei)墓(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)點(dian),一為(wei)喀什噶爾(er)(今新疆(jiang)喀什),一為(wei)河(he)北(bei)(bei)遵化縣東(dong)陵。容妃(fei)一人怎葬兩地(di)(di)?傳說當(dang)年容妃(fei)去世后,其遺(yi)體由(you)靈轎運(yun)送到喀什噶爾(er)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)郊的(de)(de)伊(yi)斯蘭墓(mu)(mu)群下葬,一架“馱轎”還停放(fang)墓(mu)(mu)側。河(he)北(bei)(bei)遵化縣馬蘭峪(yu)清東(dong)陵裕妃(fei)園寢中(zhong),亦有(you)一座容妃(fei)墓(mu)(mu)。1979年10月被發(fa)掘,地(di)(di)宮有(you)兩個券(quan)堂組成(cheng)(cheng),均(jun)為(wei)拱券(quan)石(shi)結構。在金券(quan)的(de)(de)寶(bao)床上,停放(fang)一紅漆(qi)棺木,棺幫為(wei)盜(dao)墓(mu)(mu)人砍開一大洞,棺中(zhong)已空(kong),棺頭正中(zhong)有(you)數行回(hui)文(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)字,意為(wei)“以真主名義(yi)……”棺木西(xi)側有(you)一頭骨,西(xi)北(bei)(bei)角又有(you)一根八十五(wu)厘米長的(de)(de)花白(bai)(bai)發(fa)辮(bian)、青緞(duan)襯帽、包頭青紗(sha)等,還有(you)一些龍袍殘片和幾件織(zhi)(zhi)物,織(zhi)(zhi)物上織(zhi)(zhi)有(you)“江(jiang)南織(zhi)(zhi)造臣成(cheng)(cheng)善(shan)”、“蘇州織(zhi)(zhi)造臣四(si)德”等字樣,墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)還存有(you)如意、荷包、珍珠、寶(bao)石(shi)、貓(mao)眼石(shi)、鉆石(shi)等。棺頭文(wen)(wen)字表明(ming)墓(mu)(mu)主為(wei)伊(yi)斯蘭教(jiao)信徒,龍袍和貓(mao)眼石(shi)等證明(ming)其身份為(wei)妃(fei)子(zi),由(you)花白(bai)(bai)發(fa)辮(bian)推斷死者為(wei)五(wu)十五(wu)歲左右,織(zhi)(zhi)物上“四(si)德”、“成(cheng)(cheng)善(shan)”皆(jie)為(wei)乾隆五(wu)十三年的(de)(de)織(zhi)(zhi)造官,可見這才是(shi)真正的(de)(de)容妃(fei)墓(mu)(mu)。