文(wen)姜(?-前673年),姜姓(xing),名字(zi)不詳,齊(qi)僖公(gong)(gong)(gong)之女,齊(qi)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)異母妹(mei),魯桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)的夫人。與齊(qi)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)亂(luan)倫被魯桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)得知,齊(qi)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)令彭生(sheng)殺(sha)魯桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)。以才華(hua)著稱于當(dang)世(shi),所(suo)以被稱為“文(wen)”。
文姜與她(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)姐姐齊宣姜,都(dou)是當時聞(wen)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕色美人。文姜的(de)(de)(de)(de)婚姻(yin)一波三折,她(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風流韻事(shi),轟動了(le)天下(xia)各國,人們一面(mian)諷刺她(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蕩婦淫亂行徑,一面(mian)又(you)歌(ge)頌她(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕世艷(yan)麗,《詩經》上就留下(xia)許多有關文姜的(de)(de)(de)(de)篇章,有毀(hui)有譽。
夏(xia)商(shang)周時期,有貴(gui)族身(shen)份的男子(zi)只稱(cheng)氏與名,而不稱(cheng)姓。只有婦人(ren)稱(cheng)姓,周朝諸侯國(guo)齊國(guo)為姜姓。文是指有才華,所(suo)謂文姜是指有才華的姜姓女子(zi)。
魯桓公三年(齊僖公二(er)十二(er)年,前(qian)709年),魯桓公派公子揮(hui)到齊國迎娶(qu)文(wen)姜為(wei)妻,并立文(wen)姜為(wei)夫(fu)人。
魯桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)六年(齊(qi)僖公(gong)(gong)二十五年,前(qian)706年),文姜為(wei)魯桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)生(sheng)下一子,因(yin)與魯桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)同月生(sheng)日,所(suo)以取名為(wei)同,同長大后立為(wei)太子(太子同)。后來,文姜再度為(wei)魯桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)生(sheng)下兒子公(gong)(gong)子友。
文(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)出(chu)嫁前(qian),便(bian)與(yu)其兄齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)私(si)通。魯(lu)(lu)(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)十八年(nian)(齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)四(si)年(nian),前(qian)694年(nian))春(chun)天,文(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)和魯(lu)(lu)(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)來到(dao)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo),再度與(yu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)私(si)通。魯(lu)(lu)(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)得(de)知此事后(hou),怒責文(wen)(wen)姜(jiang),文(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)將魯(lu)(lu)(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)的(de)責罵告(gao)訴齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)。同年(nian)四(si)月初(chu)十日,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)宴請魯(lu)(lu)(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)飲(yin)酒(jiu),將魯(lu)(lu)(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)灌(guan)醉(zui)后(hou),讓(rang)公(gong)(gong)子彭(peng)(peng)生(sheng)將魯(lu)(lu)(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)抱上車(che),并(bing)命公(gong)(gong)子彭(peng)(peng)生(sheng)折斷(duan)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)的(de)肋骨。魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)人告(gao)訴齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)說:“寡君畏懼齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君的(de)威嚴,不敢安居(ju),前(qian)來修友好之禮(li)。禮(li)儀完成而未能回(hui)國(guo),沒有地方追究罪(zui)責,請求得(de)到(dao)彭(peng)(peng)生(sheng),用他在諸侯中(zhong)清除丑聞。”,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)于是(shi)殺(sha)死公(gong)(gong)子彭(peng)(peng)生(sheng)來向魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)賠罪(zui)。
魯桓公(gong)死(si)后(hou),魯國人擁立太(tai)子同(tong)繼位,是為(wei)魯莊公(gong)。文(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)于是留在齊國,不(bu)敢返回(hui)魯國。文(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)長期居住在齊國,后(hou)來(lai)回(hui)到魯國,但仍然(ran)常常與齊襄公(gong)相會。齊襄公(gong)后(hou)來(lai)被公(gong)孫無知派連稱殺死(si),文(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)也(ye)沒有離開禚(zhuo)地,就在那里遙(yao)(yao)遙(yao)(yao)地指揮魯莊公(gong)管理(li)政事,文(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)在處理(li)政務上(shang)展現了(le)本領。
春秋(qiu)時代初期,齊僖(xi)公(gong)的兩個女兒成了當(dang)時各諸(zhu)侯(hou)國君(jun)侯(hou)、世(shi)子(zi)競爭(zheng)的對象,他(ta)們紛紛借機前(qian)往齊國都城臨(lin)淄攀扯關(guan)系,討好齊僖(xi)公(gong),以達到娶齊氏(shi)女子(zi)的目的。而齊文姜(jiang)特(te)別欣(xin)賞(shang)鄭國世(shi)子(zi)姬(ji)忽,于是(shi)齊王意(yi)欲將文姜(jiang)嫁與世(shi)子(zi)姬(ji)忽。
然而鄭國的世子姬以(yi)“齊大非偶”為由,未答(da)應其(qi)要(yao)求(qiu)。這(zhe)對齊文姜來說是莫大的恥辱,終于懨(yan)懨(yan)成病。
劉向(xiang)《列女傳》引(yin)《詩》:“亂(luan)匪降自天,生(sheng)自婦人。’此之謂也(ye)。”
劉向(xiang)《列女傳》:“文(wen)姜淫(yin)亂(luan),配魯桓公,與俱歸(gui)齊(qi),齊(qi)襄淫(yin)通,俾厥彭生,摧干拉(la)胸(xiong),維女為亂(luan),卒成禍兇。”
《東周列國志》:“齊(qi)僖公二女,長宣(xuan)(xuan)姜,次文姜,宣(xuan)(xuan)姜淫于(yu)(yu)舅,文姜淫于(yu)(yu)兄(xiong),人倫天理,至此滅絕矣!有詩嘆曰:妖艷春(chun)秋首二姜,致令齊(qi)衛紊(wen)綱(gang)常。天生尤物殃人國,不及無鹽佐伯(bo)王!”
《史記·卷三十二(er)(er)·齊太公世家(jia)第二(er)(er)》
《列女傳·之卷七·孽(nie)嬖傳》
父親:齊僖公
兄弟:齊襄(xiang)公諸子、齊桓公小白、公子糾、公子彭生(sheng)
丈夫:魯桓公
兒(er)子(zi):魯莊公、姬季友
姐姐:宣姜
《詩(shi)經·齊(qi)風(feng)·載(zai)驅》《詩(shi)經·齊(qi)風(feng)·敝笱》《詩(shi)經·齊(qi)風(feng)·南山》
《詩經·鄭(zheng)風·有女同車》(《毛詩序》以為是刺鄭(zheng)國的太子(zi)忽(即后(hou)來的鄭(zheng)昭公)不(bu)婚于齊。現代學者一(yi)般這是一(yi)對(dui)貴族青(qing)年(nian)男女的戀歌。)
1996年電(dian)視劇《東周列(lie)國·春秋篇(pian)》:龔麗君飾演文姜。