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人物生平

獻公寵幸

晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)五年（前672年），晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)攻打驪(li)戎(rong)（古代少數民族名，西戎(rong)的(de)(de)一(yi)支，姬姓，在今陜西省臨潼縣的(de)(de)驪(li)山），結果晉(jin)(jin)軍一(yi)戰而勝，驪(li)戎(rong)求和將驪(li)姬與其(qi)妹少姬獻(xian)(xian)給晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)。晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)得到驪(li)姬姐妹二(er)人后，對她(ta)們十分寵(chong)愛(ai)。后來，晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)將驪(li)姬立為(wei)夫人。

欲立奚齊

晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)公(gong)十(shi)二(er)年（前665年），驪姬(ji)為(wei)(wei)晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)公(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)下兒(er)子(zi)(zi)奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)。驪姬(ji)想立奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)，于是(shi)賄賂晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)公(gong)的男寵梁五和東(dong)關嬖五，讓他們對晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)公(gong)說：“曲(qu)沃(wo)（今(jin)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)聞喜東(dong)北）是(shi)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)先(xian)祖(zu)宗廟所在的地方，最好派太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)去鎮守，而蒲城(cheng)（今(jin)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)鄉(xiang)寧(ning)縣及周(zhou)邊(bian)一帶(dai)） 靠(kao)近秦國(guo)，屈(qu)城(cheng)（一作南北屈(qu)，在今(jin)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)吉縣及鄉(xiang)寧(ning)一帶(dai)）靠(kao)近翟國(guo)（今(jin)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)鄉(xiang)寧(ning)及周(zhou)邊(bian)一帶(dai)），是(shi)邊(bian)防(fang)要塞，最好派公(gong)子(zi)(zi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耳和公(gong)子(zi)(zi)夷吾分別(bie)防(fang)守。”晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)公(gong)中(zhong)計，于是(shi)派太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)住(zhu)在曲(qu)沃(wo)，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耳住(zhu)在蒲城(cheng)，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)夷吾住(zhu)在屈(qu)城(cheng)。只留下奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)與少姬(ji)的兒(er)子(zi)(zi)卓子(zi)(zi)在身邊(bian)，居住(zhu)在都城(cheng)絳城(cheng)，以(yi)伺機廢掉太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)。晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)人據(ju)此推(tui)知(zhi)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)將不(bu)會繼位。太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)的母親是(shi)齊(qi)(qi)桓公(gong)之女(nv)，名(ming)叫齊(qi)(qi)姜，很早去世。太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)的同母妹(mei)(mei)妹(mei)(mei)穆姬(ji)是(shi)秦穆公(gong)的夫人。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耳的母親，是(shi)翟國(guo)（今(jin)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)鄉(xiang)寧(ning)及周(zhou)邊(bian)一帶(dai)）狐(hu)氏的女(nv)兒(er)。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)夷吾的母親，是(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耳母親的妹(mei)(mei)妹(mei)(mei)。晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)公(gong)有八個兒(er)子(zi)(zi)，其中(zhong)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)、公(gong)子(zi)(zi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耳、公(gong)子(zi)(zi)夷吾都很賢德。當晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)公(gong)得到驪姬(ji)之后，就開始疏遠這(zhe)三(san)個兒(er)子(zi)(zi)。

陷害申生

晉獻公私下對驪(li)姬說：“我(wo)想廢黜太子(zi)(zi)申生，讓(rang)奚齊做太子(zi)(zi)。”驪(li)姬哭著說：“太子(zi)(zi)被立(li)，諸(zhu)侯都(dou)(dou)已知道，而且他數次領兵，百姓都(dou)(dou)擁護他，怎(zen)么(me)能因我(wo)的原(yuan)因而廢掉嫡(di)子(zi)(zi)改立(li)庶子(zi)(zi)？您一定要那樣做，我(wo)就去(qu)自(zi)殺(sha)。”驪(li)姬表面佯(yang)裝稱(cheng)譽太子(zi)(zi)，暗(an)地里卻讓(rang)人誹謗太子(zi)(zi)申生，想立(li)自(zi)己的兒子(zi)(zi)為太子(zi)(zi)。

晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)二十一年(nian)（前(qian)656年(nian)），驪(li)姬(ji)對(dui)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)說，晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)曾(ceng)夢見他的(de)(de)母親齊(qi)姜，讓他速去曲沃祭(ji)祀一番，回來(lai)后把(ba)祭(ji)祀用的(de)(de)胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)獻(xian)(xian)給(gei)(gei)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)于(yu)是到曲沃祭(ji)祀母親齊(qi)姜后，將(jiang)胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)獻(xian)(xian)給(gei)(gei)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。當時晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)剛好出外打(da)獵，驪(li)姬(ji)把(ba)胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)放在(zai)宮中。六天（一作兩天）后，晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)打(da)獵回來(lai)，驪(li)姬(ji)暗中派人在(zai)胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)中下毒(du)，然后讓廚師(shi)將(jiang)胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)奉(feng)給(gei)(gei)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)吃(chi)胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)，驪(li)姬(ji)從旁邊阻止晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)說：“胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)來(lai)自(zi)遠方，應試試它。”便把(ba)胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)給(gei)(gei)狗(gou)吃(chi)，狗(gou)死(si)了；給(gei)(gei)宮中廝(si)(si)役嘗，廝(si)(si)役也死(si)了。驪(li)姬(ji)哭(ku)著說：“太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)為何這(zhe)般(ban)殘忍呀！連自(zi)己父(fu)親都(dou)想(xiang)殺害去接替他，更何況其他人呢(ni)？再說父(fu)君年(nian)老，早(zao)晚(wan)都(dou)是要(yao)死(si)的(de)(de)人，竟迫不及(ji)待而想(xiang)謀害他！”驪(li)姬(ji)又對(dui)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)說：“太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)這(zhe)樣做，不過是因(yin)為我(wo)(wo)和奚齊(qi)的(de)(de)緣(yuan)故。我(wo)(wo)希(xi)望讓我(wo)(wo)母子(zi)(zi)倆(lia)躲到別的(de)(de)國家去，或者早(zao)點(dian)自(zi)殺，不要(yao)白(bai)白(bai)讓母子(zi)(zi)倆(lia)被(bei)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)糟踏。早(zao)先您(nin)想(xiang)廢他，我(wo)(wo)還反對(dui)您(nin)；到如今，我(wo)(wo)才知道在(zai)這(zhe)件事上是大錯特錯。”太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)聽說這(zhe)消息后，逃(tao)奔到新城。晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)大怒(nu)，就(jiu)殺死(si)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)的(de)(de)老師(shi)杜原(yuan)款。

有(you)人對太(tai)子(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo)，放毒(du)藥的(de)是驪姬，讓(rang)太(tai)子(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)在晉獻(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)面前聲辯(bian)，晉獻(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)必會(hui)(hui)相信。太(tai)子(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo)，晉獻(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)如果沒有(you)驪姬，就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)睡(shui)眠不(bu)安，飲食不(bu)甘。他(ta)如果聲辯(bian)，驪姬必定有(you)罪。現在晉獻(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)年老，驪姬有(you)罪會(hui)(hui)使晉獻(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)高興，這(zhe)樣他(ta)也會(hui)(hui)憂郁不(bu)樂(le)。有(you)人勸太(tai)子(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)逃到(dao)其他(ta)國家去。太(tai)子(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo)，背負殺父(fu)的(de)惡(e)名逃奔，誰會(hui)(hui)接(jie)納他(ta)，不(bu)如選擇自(zi)殺。同(tong)年十二月(yue)二十七日，太(tai)子(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)在新城(cheng)自(zi)殺而死。太(tai)子(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)死后，驪姬誣陷公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)重耳(er)和公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)夷吾，說(shuo)(shuo)他(ta)們都參預(yu)太(tai)子(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)陰(yin)謀(mou)。于是公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)重耳(er)逃亡到(dao)蒲城(cheng)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)夷吾逃亡到(dao)屈(qu)城(cheng)。

政變被殺

晉(jin)獻公(gong)二(er)十(shi)六年(nian)（前651年(nian)）夏天，晉(jin)獻公(gong)參(can)加由齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)在葵丘舉行的(de)與各國諸(zhu)侯的(de)盟(meng)會。晉(jin)獻公(gong)因病(bing)去(qu)遲，又被周朝宰(zai)孔勸阻(zu)，于是在途中(zhong)返回晉(jin)國。晉(jin)獻公(gong)病(bing)情加重(zhong)，對(dui)荀(xun)(xun)息(xi)說：“我(wo)把奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)繼(ji)承人，他年(nian)齡小(xiao)，大臣們不服(fu)，恐怕(pa)會有(you)禍亂，您能(neng)擁(yong)立他嗎？”荀(xun)(xun)息(xi)說能(neng)。晉(jin)獻公(gong)說用什(shen)么做(zuo)憑(ping)證？荀(xun)(xun)息(xi)回答說：“即使您死(si)而復生(sheng)，我(wo)也不感到(dao)有(you)愧，這就是憑(ping)證。”于是晉(jin)獻公(gong)將奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)托(tuo)付給(gei)荀(xun)(xun)息(xi)。荀(xun)(xun)息(xi)擔任國相，主(zhu)持(chi)國政。同(tong)年(nian)九(jiu)月(yue)，晉(jin)獻公(gong)去(qu)世，奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)繼(ji)位。同(tong)年(nian)十(shi)月(yue)，里克(ke)(ke)殺(sha)死(si)奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，荀(xun)(xun)息(xi)改立卓子為(wei)國君。十(shi)一月(yue)，里克(ke)(ke)再度(du)殺(sha)死(si)卓子，并對(dui)驪(li)姬進行羞辱(ru)、鞭(bian)打一番(fan)后，將其殺(sha)死(si)。