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人物生平

獻公寵幸

晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公五年(nian)（前672年(nian)），晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公攻打驪(li)戎（古(gu)代少數民族名，西(xi)戎的一(yi)支(zhi)，姬姓(xing)，在今陜西(xi)省臨潼縣(xian)的驪(li)山），結(jie)果晉(jin)軍一(yi)戰而勝，驪(li)戎求和將驪(li)姬與其妹少姬獻(xian)(xian)給晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公。晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公得到(dao)驪(li)姬姐妹二人后，對她們(men)十分寵愛。后來，晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公將驪(li)姬立為(wei)夫人。

欲立奚齊

晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)十二年（前665年），驪(li)姬(ji)為晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)下兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)奚齊(qi)。驪(li)姬(ji)想立奚齊(qi)為太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，于是(shi)(shi)賄(hui)賂(lu)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)男寵梁(liang)五和(he)東(dong)關嬖五，讓他(ta)們對(dui)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)說：“曲(qu)沃（今(jin)(jin)山(shan)西(xi)聞喜東(dong)北）是(shi)(shi)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)先祖宗(zong)廟(miao)所在(zai)(zai)的(de)地方(fang)，最好(hao)(hao)派(pai)(pai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)去鎮守，而(er)蒲城(cheng)（今(jin)(jin)山(shan)西(xi)鄉(xiang)寧(ning)縣及周邊(bian)一帶） 靠(kao)近秦國(guo)(guo)，屈城(cheng)（一作南北屈，在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)山(shan)西(xi)吉(ji)縣及鄉(xiang)寧(ning)一帶）靠(kao)近翟國(guo)(guo)（今(jin)(jin)山(shan)西(xi)鄉(xiang)寧(ning)及周邊(bian)一帶），是(shi)(shi)邊(bian)防(fang)要塞(sai)，最好(hao)(hao)派(pai)(pai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)重(zhong)耳和(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夷(yi)吾分(fen)別防(fang)守。”晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中計(ji)，于是(shi)(shi)派(pai)(pai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)住(zhu)在(zai)(zai)曲(qu)沃，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)重(zhong)耳住(zhu)在(zai)(zai)蒲城(cheng)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夷(yi)吾住(zhu)在(zai)(zai)屈城(cheng)。只留(liu)下奚齊(qi)與少姬(ji)的(de)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)卓子(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)身邊(bian)，居住(zhu)在(zai)(zai)都城(cheng)絳城(cheng)，以(yi)伺(si)機廢掉太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。晉(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)人據(ju)此(ci)推知太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)將不會繼位。太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)母(mu)(mu)親(qin)是(shi)(shi)齊(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)，名叫齊(qi)姜，很(hen)早去世(shi)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)同母(mu)(mu)妹(mei)(mei)妹(mei)(mei)穆姬(ji)是(shi)(shi)秦穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)夫人。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)重(zhong)耳的(de)母(mu)(mu)親(qin)，是(shi)(shi)翟國(guo)(guo)（今(jin)(jin)山(shan)西(xi)鄉(xiang)寧(ning)及周邊(bian)一帶）狐(hu)氏(shi)的(de)女(nv)兒(er)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夷(yi)吾的(de)母(mu)(mu)親(qin)，是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)耳母(mu)(mu)親(qin)的(de)妹(mei)(mei)妹(mei)(mei)。晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)八個(ge)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，其中太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)重(zhong)耳、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夷(yi)吾都很(hen)賢德。當晉(jin)(jin)(jin)獻(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)得到驪(li)姬(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)后，就開始(shi)疏遠這三個(ge)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。

陷害申生

晉獻公(gong)私(si)下對驪(li)姬說(shuo)：“我(wo)想(xiang)廢(fei)黜太子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生，讓奚齊做太子(zi)(zi)。”驪(li)姬哭著說(shuo)：“太子(zi)(zi)被立(li)，諸侯都已知道，而且他數次領兵，百(bai)姓都擁護他，怎(zen)么能因我(wo)的原因而廢(fei)掉嫡子(zi)(zi)改立(li)庶子(zi)(zi)？您(nin)一定(ding)要那樣(yang)做，我(wo)就去自(zi)殺。”驪(li)姬表面佯裝稱(cheng)譽(yu)太子(zi)(zi)，暗地里卻讓人誹謗太子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生，想(xiang)立(li)自(zi)己的兒子(zi)(zi)為太子(zi)(zi)。

晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)（前656年(nian)(nian)），驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)申生(sheng)說(shuo)，晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曾夢見他(ta)(ta)的母(mu)親(qin)齊姜，讓(rang)他(ta)(ta)速去(qu)(qu)曲沃祭祀一(yi)(yi)番，回來后把祭祀用的胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)獻(xian)(xian)給(gei)(gei)晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)申生(sheng)于(yu)是(shi)到(dao)(dao)曲沃祭祀母(mu)親(qin)齊姜后，將胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)獻(xian)(xian)給(gei)(gei)晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。當時晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)剛好出(chu)外打獵，驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)把胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)放(fang)在(zai)宮(gong)中。六天(tian)（一(yi)(yi)作兩天(tian)）后，晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)打獵回來，驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)暗中派人在(zai)胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)中下(xia)毒，然后讓(rang)廚師將胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)奉給(gei)(gei)晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)吃胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)，驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)從旁邊(bian)阻止晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)說(shuo)：“胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)來自(zi)遠(yuan)方，應試試它。”便把胙(zuo)(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)給(gei)(gei)狗吃，狗死(si)了；給(gei)(gei)宮(gong)中廝役(yi)嘗，廝役(yi)也死(si)了。驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)哭著(zhu)說(shuo)：“太(tai)(tai)子(zi)為何這(zhe)(zhe)般(ban)殘忍(ren)呀！連自(zi)己父親(qin)都想(xiang)殺害去(qu)(qu)接替他(ta)(ta)，更何況其他(ta)(ta)人呢？再說(shuo)父君(jun)年(nian)(nian)老，早晚都是(shi)要(yao)死(si)的人，竟迫不及待而(er)想(xiang)謀害他(ta)(ta)！”驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)又對(dui)晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)說(shuo)：“太(tai)(tai)子(zi)這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)做，不過(guo)是(shi)因為我(wo)和奚(xi)齊的緣故。我(wo)希望讓(rang)我(wo)母(mu)子(zi)倆(lia)躲(duo)到(dao)(dao)別的國家去(qu)(qu)，或(huo)者(zhe)早點自(zi)殺，不要(yao)白白讓(rang)母(mu)子(zi)倆(lia)被太(tai)(tai)子(zi)糟踏。早先您想(xiang)廢他(ta)(ta)，我(wo)還反對(dui)您；到(dao)(dao)如今，我(wo)才(cai)知(zhi)道在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)件事(shi)上是(shi)大錯(cuo)(cuo)特錯(cuo)(cuo)。”太(tai)(tai)子(zi)申生(sheng)聽(ting)說(shuo)這(zhe)(zhe)消息后，逃奔到(dao)(dao)新城。晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大怒，就(jiu)殺死(si)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)申生(sheng)的老師杜原款。

有人對太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生說(shuo)(shuo)，放毒藥的是驪(li)(li)姬，讓太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生在(zai)晉獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)面前聲(sheng)辯，晉獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)必(bi)會相信。太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生說(shuo)(shuo)，晉獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)如(ru)果沒有驪(li)(li)姬，就(jiu)會睡眠(mian)不(bu)安，飲食不(bu)甘(gan)。他(ta)如(ru)果聲(sheng)辯，驪(li)(li)姬必(bi)定有罪。現在(zai)晉獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)年老，驪(li)(li)姬有罪會使晉獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)不(bu)高興，這樣他(ta)也(ye)會憂(you)郁不(bu)樂。有人勸太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生逃到其他(ta)國家去。太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生說(shuo)(shuo)，背負殺父(fu)的惡名(ming)逃奔，誰會接納他(ta)，不(bu)如(ru)選擇自殺。同年十二月二十七日，太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生在(zai)新城(cheng)自殺而死。太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生死后，驪(li)(li)姬誣陷公(gong)子(zi)(zi)重(zhong)耳和公(gong)子(zi)(zi)夷吾(wu)，說(shuo)(shuo)他(ta)們都(dou)參預太(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生的陰謀。于是公(gong)子(zi)(zi)重(zhong)耳逃亡(wang)到蒲城(cheng)，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)夷吾(wu)逃亡(wang)到屈城(cheng)。

政變被殺

晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公二(er)十六年(nian)（前651年(nian)）夏天(tian)，晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公參加(jia)由(you)齊(qi)(qi)桓公在(zai)葵丘(qiu)舉行(xing)(xing)的(de)與各國(guo)諸侯的(de)盟會。晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公因病(bing)去(qu)遲，又(you)被周朝宰(zai)孔勸阻，于是(shi)(shi)在(zai)途中返回(hui)(hui)晉(jin)國(guo)。晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公病(bing)情加(jia)重，對荀息(xi)(xi)說(shuo)：“我(wo)把奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)作為繼承人，他(ta)年(nian)齡小，大臣們(men)不(bu)服，恐怕會有(you)禍(huo)亂，您能擁立他(ta)嗎(ma)？”荀息(xi)(xi)說(shuo)能。晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公說(shuo)用(yong)什么(me)做憑證？荀息(xi)(xi)回(hui)(hui)答說(shuo)：“即使您死(si)而復生，我(wo)也不(bu)感(gan)到有(you)愧，這就是(shi)(shi)憑證。”于是(shi)(shi)晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公將奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)托付(fu)給荀息(xi)(xi)。荀息(xi)(xi)擔任國(guo)相，主(zhu)持國(guo)政。同年(nian)九(jiu)月，晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公去(qu)世，奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)繼位(wei)。同年(nian)十月，里(li)克殺死(si)奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)，荀息(xi)(xi)改立卓(zhuo)(zhuo)子(zi)為國(guo)君。十一(yi)月，里(li)克再度(du)殺死(si)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)子(zi)，并對驪姬進(jin)行(xing)(xing)羞辱(ru)、鞭打(da)一(yi)番(fan)后(hou)，將其殺死(si)。