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人物生平

獻公寵幸

晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公五(wu)年(nian)（前672年(nian)），晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公攻打(da)驪(li)(li)戎（古代少數民(min)族(zu)名(ming)，西(xi)戎的一支，姬姓，在今陜(shan)西(xi)省臨(lin)潼縣的驪(li)(li)山(shan)），結果晉(jin)軍一戰而勝，驪(li)(li)戎求(qiu)和將驪(li)(li)姬與其(qi)妹少姬獻(xian)(xian)(xian)給晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公。晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公得到驪(li)(li)姬姐妹二人后，對她(ta)們(men)十分(fen)寵愛。后來(lai)，晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公將驪(li)(li)姬立為夫人。

欲立奚齊

晉(jin)獻公(gong)(gong)十二年（前(qian)665年），驪(li)姬(ji)為晉(jin)獻公(gong)(gong)生(sheng)下(xia)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)奚齊(qi)。驪(li)姬(ji)想立奚齊(qi)為太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，于是(shi)(shi)(shi)賄(hui)賂(lu)晉(jin)獻公(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)男寵梁五(wu)和東關(guan)嬖五(wu)，讓他們對(dui)晉(jin)獻公(gong)(gong)說：“曲沃(wo)（今山(shan)西聞(wen)喜東北(bei)）是(shi)(shi)(shi)晉(jin)國先祖(zu)宗廟所在的(de)(de)地方，最好派太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生(sheng)去(qu)鎮守(shou)，而蒲城(cheng)（今山(shan)西鄉(xiang)寧縣及(ji)(ji)周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)一(yi)帶） 靠近秦國，屈城(cheng)（一(yi)作南北(bei)屈，在今山(shan)西吉(ji)縣及(ji)(ji)鄉(xiang)寧一(yi)帶）靠近翟(zhai)國（今山(shan)西鄉(xiang)寧及(ji)(ji)周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)一(yi)帶），是(shi)(shi)(shi)邊(bian)(bian)防要塞，最好派公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)重耳(er)和公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夷(yi)吾(wu)分別防守(shou)。”晉(jin)獻公(gong)(gong)中計，于是(shi)(shi)(shi)派太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生(sheng)住(zhu)在曲沃(wo)，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)重耳(er)住(zhu)在蒲城(cheng)，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夷(yi)吾(wu)住(zhu)在屈城(cheng)。只(zhi)留下(xia)奚齊(qi)與少姬(ji)的(de)(de)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)卓子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在身(shen)邊(bian)(bian)，居住(zhu)在都(dou)城(cheng)絳城(cheng)，以伺(si)機廢掉太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生(sheng)。晉(jin)國人(ren)據此推知(zhi)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生(sheng)將不會繼位(wei)。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生(sheng)的(de)(de)母親(qin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)齊(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)之女，名叫(jiao)齊(qi)姜(jiang)，很(hen)早去(qu)世。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生(sheng)的(de)(de)同母妹妹穆(mu)姬(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)秦穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)夫人(ren)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)重耳(er)的(de)(de)母親(qin)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)翟(zhai)國（今山(shan)西鄉(xiang)寧及(ji)(ji)周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)一(yi)帶）狐氏的(de)(de)女兒(er)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夷(yi)吾(wu)的(de)(de)母親(qin)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)重耳(er)母親(qin)的(de)(de)妹妹。晉(jin)獻公(gong)(gong)有八個兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，其中太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)(shen)生(sheng)、公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)重耳(er)、公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夷(yi)吾(wu)都(dou)很(hen)賢德。當晉(jin)獻公(gong)(gong)得到(dao)驪(li)姬(ji)之后，就開始疏(shu)遠這三個兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。

陷害申生

晉(jin)獻公私下對驪(li)(li)姬(ji)說：“我想廢黜(chu)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)申生，讓(rang)奚齊(qi)做太(tai)(tai)子(zi)。”驪(li)(li)姬(ji)哭著說：“太(tai)(tai)子(zi)被立，諸侯(hou)都(dou)已知道(dao)，而且他數次領兵，百姓都(dou)擁護他，怎么能因我的(de)原因而廢掉嫡子(zi)改立庶(shu)子(zi)？您一定要那(nei)樣(yang)做，我就去自(zi)殺。”驪(li)(li)姬(ji)表(biao)面佯裝稱譽太(tai)(tai)子(zi)，暗地里卻讓(rang)人(ren)誹謗太(tai)(tai)子(zi)申生，想立自(zi)己的(de)兒子(zi)為太(tai)(tai)子(zi)。

晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)二十一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)（前656年(nian)(nian)），驪姬(ji)(ji)對(dui)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)，晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)曾夢見他的(de)母親齊(qi)姜，讓他速去(qu)(qu)曲(qu)(qu)沃祭(ji)祀(si)一(yi)(yi)番，回(hui)(hui)來后(hou)把祭(ji)祀(si)用的(de)胙(zuo)肉(rou)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)給晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)于是(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)曲(qu)(qu)沃祭(ji)祀(si)母親齊(qi)姜后(hou)，將胙(zuo)肉(rou)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)給晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。當時晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)剛好出外打獵，驪姬(ji)(ji)把胙(zuo)肉(rou)放在宮中。六天（一(yi)(yi)作兩(liang)天）后(hou)，晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)打獵回(hui)(hui)來，驪姬(ji)(ji)暗中派人(ren)在胙(zuo)肉(rou)中下(xia)毒(du)，然后(hou)讓廚師(shi)將胙(zuo)肉(rou)奉給晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)要吃胙(zuo)肉(rou)，驪姬(ji)(ji)從旁邊阻止晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)說(shuo)：“胙(zuo)肉(rou)來自(zi)遠(yuan)方，應試試它。”便把胙(zuo)肉(rou)給狗吃，狗死(si)(si)了；給宮中廝役嘗(chang)，廝役也死(si)(si)了。驪姬(ji)(ji)哭著說(shuo)：“太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)為何(he)這般殘忍呀(ya)！連自(zi)己父(fu)親都想殺害去(qu)(qu)接替他，更何(he)況(kuang)其他人(ren)呢？再說(shuo)父(fu)君年(nian)(nian)老，早(zao)(zao)晚都是(shi)(shi)(shi)要死(si)(si)的(de)人(ren)，竟迫不(bu)(bu)及(ji)待(dai)而想謀害他！”驪姬(ji)(ji)又對(dui)晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)說(shuo)：“太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)這樣(yang)做，不(bu)(bu)過是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為我(wo)和(he)奚齊(qi)的(de)緣故。我(wo)希望(wang)讓我(wo)母子(zi)(zi)倆(lia)躲到(dao)別的(de)國家去(qu)(qu)，或者早(zao)(zao)點自(zi)殺，不(bu)(bu)要白(bai)白(bai)讓母子(zi)(zi)倆(lia)被太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)糟踏(ta)。早(zao)(zao)先您想廢(fei)他，我(wo)還反對(dui)您；到(dao)如今，我(wo)才知道在這件(jian)事上是(shi)(shi)(shi)大錯(cuo)特錯(cuo)。”太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)聽說(shuo)這消息后(hou)，逃奔到(dao)新城。晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)大怒，就殺死(si)(si)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)老師(shi)杜原款。

有人對太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)說(shuo)，放毒藥(yao)的是(shi)(shi)驪(li)(li)姬，讓太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)在(zai)晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)面(mian)前聲辯，晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)必會(hui)相(xiang)信(xin)。太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)說(shuo)，晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)如果(guo)沒有驪(li)(li)姬，就會(hui)睡眠不(bu)(bu)安，飲食不(bu)(bu)甘。他(ta)(ta)(ta)如果(guo)聲辯，驪(li)(li)姬必定有罪(zui)。現在(zai)晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)年老，驪(li)(li)姬有罪(zui)會(hui)使晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)不(bu)(bu)高興，這樣(yang)他(ta)(ta)(ta)也會(hui)憂郁不(bu)(bu)樂。有人勸太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)逃(tao)(tao)到其他(ta)(ta)(ta)國家(jia)去。太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)說(shuo)，背負殺(sha)父的惡名逃(tao)(tao)奔，誰會(hui)接納他(ta)(ta)(ta)，不(bu)(bu)如選(xuan)擇自(zi)殺(sha)。同年十(shi)二月二十(shi)七日，太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)在(zai)新城(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)殺(sha)而死(si)。太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)死(si)后，驪(li)(li)姬誣(wu)陷公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)重耳和公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夷(yi)吾(wu)，說(shuo)他(ta)(ta)(ta)們都參預太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)的陰(yin)謀(mou)。于是(shi)(shi)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)重耳逃(tao)(tao)亡到蒲城(cheng)(cheng)，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夷(yi)吾(wu)逃(tao)(tao)亡到屈城(cheng)(cheng)。

政變被殺

晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公二(er)十(shi)六年（前(qian)651年）夏天，晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公參加(jia)由齊(qi)桓公在葵丘(qiu)舉(ju)行(xing)的與各國(guo)諸侯的盟(meng)會(hui)。晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公因病去遲，又(you)被(bei)周朝宰(zai)孔勸阻，于是在途中(zhong)返回(hui)晉(jin)國(guo)。晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公病情加(jia)重，對(dui)荀(xun)息(xi)說：“我把奚(xi)齊(qi)作為(wei)繼承人，他(ta)年齡小，大臣們不服，恐(kong)怕(pa)會(hui)有(you)禍亂，您能(neng)擁(yong)立他(ta)嗎？”荀(xun)息(xi)說能(neng)。晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公說用什么做憑證？荀(xun)息(xi)回(hui)答說：“即使您死而(er)復生，我也不感到有(you)愧，這(zhe)就是憑證。”于是晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公將奚(xi)齊(qi)托付給荀(xun)息(xi)。荀(xun)息(xi)擔任國(guo)相，主持國(guo)政。同(tong)年九月(yue)，晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)公去世，奚(xi)齊(qi)繼位。同(tong)年十(shi)月(yue)，里克殺死奚(xi)齊(qi)，荀(xun)息(xi)改(gai)立卓子(zi)(zi)為(wei)國(guo)君。十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)，里克再(zai)度殺死卓子(zi)(zi)，并對(dui)驪(li)姬(ji)進行(xing)羞辱、鞭打一(yi)番后(hou)，將其殺死。