南子(zi)(?―前(qian)481年(nian)),春秋時期女政治家(jia),河南商丘人。南子(zi)原是(shi)宋國公主 ,后嫁衛靈公為夫(fu)人。
南(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)生性淫(yin)亂,與(yu)宋國公(gong)子(zi)(zi)朝私通。衛靈(ling)公(gong)不(bu)加阻止,反(fan)而縱(zong)容南(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi),召(zhao)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)朝與(yu)其在洮地相(xiang)會。衛靈(ling)公(gong)的(de)太子(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)聵知(zhi)道南(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)私通之事后(hou),非(fei)常(chang)憤(fen)怒,便和家臣戲陽(yang)速商量,在朝見南(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)時趁機刺殺她。結(jie)果戲陽(yang)速反(fan)悔沒有行動,被南(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)所察(cha)覺,蒯(kuai)聵于(yu)是逃亡宋國,衛靈(ling)公(gong)將蒯(kuai)聵黨羽全部趕走。
孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)周游列國時(shi),曾訪問衛(wei)國,南(nan)子(zi)(zi)與(yu)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)隔帳見面。南(nan)子(zi)(zi)叩頭還禮時(shi),身上佩飾發出清脆(cui)響聲,孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)學生子(zi)(zi)路(lu)對此頗為(wei)(wei)不(bu)滿(man)。后來孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)認為(wei)(wei)衛(wei)靈公不(bu)是(shi)愛好德行如愛好美色(se)一(yi)樣,于是(shi)離開衛(wei)國。
前(qian)493年(nian),衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)去世(shi),南(nan)子遵照衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)意愿(yuan),想立公(gong)(gong)子郢繼(ji)位,公(gong)(gong)子郢推辭,于是(shi)(shi)改立蒯(kuai)聵之(zhi)子輒繼(ji)位,是(shi)(shi)為(wei)衛(wei)(wei)出(chu)公(gong)(gong)。前(qian)481年(nian),蒯(kuai)聵奪取衛(wei)(wei)國國君之(zhi)位,是(shi)(shi)為(wei)衛(wei)(wei)莊公(gong)(gong),并(bing)殺死南(nan)子。
南子(zi)原是宋(song)國(guo)的公(gong)主,后來嫁給衛國(guo)國(guo)君衛靈公(gong)為夫人。南子(zi)因宋(song)國(guo)公(gong)子(zi)宋(song)朝(公(gong)子(zi)朝)容貌(mao)俊美,于是便和(he)他私通。
衛靈(ling)(ling)公(gong)三(san)十八年(魯定公(gong)十三(san)年,前497年),衛靈(ling)(ling)公(gong)因大臣公(gong)叔戌富有,而(er)開始(shi)討(tao)厭公(gong)叔戌。當時,公(gong)叔戌對南子干預(yu)朝政(zheng)不滿,企圖鏟(chan)除(chu)南子的黨羽,南子對衛靈(ling)(ling)公(gong)說:“公(gong)孫戌將(jiang)要發動叛亂。”
衛(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)三十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(魯定公(gong)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian),前496年(nian))春天,衛(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)驅逐公(gong)叔戌及其(qi)黨羽,公(gong)叔戌逃亡到魯國。
衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三十(shi)九年(魯定公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)十(shi)四年,前496年),衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為南(nan)子(zi)而召見(jian)(jian)(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)朝(chao)(chao),在洮地會見(jian)(jian)(jian)。當時衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)把盂地獻(xian)給齊國(guo),路過宋(song)國(guo)野外。野外的(de)人(ren)唱歌說:“已經(jing)滿足(zu)你們(men)(men)的(de)母豬(zhu)(zhu),何不(bu)歸還我們(men)(men)那漂亮(liang)的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)?”,母豬(zhu)(zhu)是指南(nan)子(zi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)是指宋(song)朝(chao)(chao),意(yi)思是說,已經(jing)滿足(zu)南(nan)子(zi),為什么不(bu)把宋(song)朝(chao)(chao)歸還宋(song)國(guo)。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)感(gan)到羞恥(chi),對家臣戲(xi)陽(yang)速(su)(su)(su)說:“跟著(zhu)我去(qu)朝(chao)(chao)見(jian)(jian)(jian)夫人(ren),夫人(ren)接(jie)見(jian)(jian)(jian)我,我一回頭(tou)看你,你就殺死她。”戲(xi)陽(yang)速(su)(su)(su)同意(yi)。于(yu)是二人(ren)前去(qu)朝(chao)(chao)見(jian)(jian)(jian)南(nan)子(zi)。南(nan)子(zi)接(jie)見(jian)(jian)(jian)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui),太(tai)(tai)子(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)回頭(tou)看了(le)戲(xi)陽(yang)速(su)(su)(su)三次,戲(xi)陽(yang)速(su)(su)(su)后悔(hui)刺殺南(nan)子(zi),所(suo)以沒有下(xia)手。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)頻(pin)頻(pin)用眼睛向戲(xi)陽(yang)速(su)(su)(su)示(shi)意(yi),南(nan)子(zi)覺察到太(tai)(tai)子(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)的(de)臉色(se)異常,知(zhi)道太(tai)(tai)子(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)要刺殺自己,南(nan)子(zi)害怕,號哭著(zhu)逃(tao)走,說:“太(tai)(tai)子(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)想(xiang)要殺我。”衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)拉(la)著(zhu)南(nan)子(zi)的(de)手登(deng)上(shang)高臺。衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因此(ci)大怒,太(tai)(tai)子(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)于(yu)是逃(tao)亡到宋(song)國(guo) ,衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)將太(tai)(tai)子(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)的(de)黨羽都趕走。
衛(wei)(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)四(si)十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(魯(lu)哀公(gong)二(er)年(nian)(nian),前493年(nian)(nian))四(si)月丙子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)日,衛(wei)(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)去世(shi)。衛(wei)(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)生前曾想立(li)兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)郢(ying)為太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),衛(wei)(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)死后,南子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)遵照衛(wei)(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)的(de)意(yi)愿,想立(li)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)郢(ying)為太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),說:“命令(ling)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)郢(ying)做太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),這(zhe)是國(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)的(de)命令(ling)。”公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)郢(ying)回(hui)答(da)說:“郢(ying)和別的(de)兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不一樣,而且(qie)我(wo)伺(si)候國(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)到(dao)死,如果有(you)這(zhe)話(hua),郢(ying)一定(ding)會聽到(dao)。并且(qie)還有(you)逃(tao)亡者太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯聵(kui)的(de)兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)輒在(zai)那(nei)里,我(wo)不敢(gan)即太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)位。”于是便擁(yong)立(li)輒為國(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun),是為衛(wei)(wei)出公(gong)。
衛(wei)(wei)出公(gong)(gong)十二年(nian)(魯(lu)哀公(gong)(gong)十四年(nian),前481年(nian)),太子蒯(kuai)聵(kui)聯合渾良夫(fu)準備(bei)奪取衛(wei)(wei)國國君之位(wei),太子蒯(kuai)聵(kui)之子衛(wei)(wei)出公(gong)(gong)逃奔魯(lu)國,太子蒯(kuai)聵(kui)于是繼(ji)位(wei),是為衛(wei)(wei)莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)。衛(wei)(wei)莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)繼(ji)位(wei)后,殺死南(nan)子和渾良夫(fu)。
●孔子見南子
儒家學(xue)派創始人孔子(zi)有一次來到(dao)衛國(guo),寄宿在(zai)蘧(qu)伯玉(yu)家里。
南(nan)子(zi)派人(ren)(ren)對孔(kong)子(zi)說:“各國的君(jun)子(zi)不(bu)惜蒙受恥辱想與(yu)我(wo)們(men)國君(jun)結為兄弟之情,必定(ding)要先見我(wo)們(men)國君(jun)的夫人(ren)(ren)。我(wo)愿見見您。”孔(kong)子(zi)推辭告謝,不(bu)得(de)已(yi)去見南(nan)子(zi)。南(nan)子(zi)在細葛布做成的幃帳里。孔(kong)子(zi)進(jin)門后,向北(bei)面恭敬地叩頭行(xing)禮。南(nan)子(zi)在帷(wei)帳中叩頭還禮,身上(shang)的佩玉首飾發(fa)叮當(dang)碰(peng)擊(ji)的清脆響聲。孔(kong)子(zi)的學生(sheng)子(zi)路對此很不(bu)高興。孔(kong)子(zi)指天(tian)發(fa)誓說:“我(wo)要不(bu)是不(bu)得(de)已(yi)的話,上(shang)天(tian)厭(yan)棄(qi)我(wo)!上(shang)天(tian)厭(yan)棄(qi)我(wo)!”過(guo)了一個多月后,衛(wei)靈公(gong)與(yu)南(nan)子(zi)同(tong)坐(zuo)一輛車子(zi),宦官雍渠陪(pei)侍左(zuo)右,出了宮門,要孔(kong)子(zi)坐(zuo)在第二輛車上(shang)跟在后面,招搖(yao)經過(guo)街市(shi)。孔(kong)子(zi)說:“我(wo)沒(mei)有見過(guo)愛好德行(xing)如愛好美色一樣的人(ren)(ren)。”于是厭(yan)惡,于是離開衛(wei)國。
劉向《列女傳》:“南子(zi)惑淫(yin),宋朝是親,譖彼蒯聵,使之出(chu)奔,悝母亦嬖(bi),出(chu)入兩君,二亂交錯,咸以(yi)滅身。”
《史記(ji)·卷(juan)三十七·衛康(kang)叔世(shi)家第(di)七》
《史(shi)記(ji)·卷四十(shi)七(qi)·孔子世家第十(shi)七(qi)》
《列女傳·卷之七·孽嬖傳》
時間 片名 類型(xing) 扮演者
1940年(nian) 《孔夫子》 電視劇 慕容婉兒
1990年 《孔子》 電視劇(ju) 王婧
2010年 《孔子》 電影 周迅
2010年 《孔子春秋》 電視劇(ju) 李欣(xin)汝
2010年 《孔子》 電視劇(ju) 李貞(zhen)賢