綠(lv)(lv)珠(zhu)(zhu),傳說原姓梁,生在(zai)白(bai)州境內的(de)雙角山(shan)下(xia)(今廣西博白(bai)縣浪平(ping)鎮), 絕艷的(de)姿(zi)容世所罕見。古時越地民俗以(yi)珠(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)上寶,生女稱為(wei)(wei)珠(zhu)(zhu)娘,生男稱作珠(zhu)(zhu)兒。綠(lv)(lv)珠(zhu)(zhu)的(de)名字由(you)此而來。石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)為(wei)(wei)交趾采訪使,以(yi)珍(zhen)珠(zhu)(zhu)十斛得到了綠(lv)(lv)珠(zhu)(zhu)。亦有一(yi)種(zhong)說法,因為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)以(yi)珍(zhen)珠(zhu)(zhu)買下(xia)她,所以(yi)名珠(zhu)(zhu)。(注(zhu):石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)(249~300年),西晉渤海南皮(pi)(今河北(bei)南皮(pi)東北(bei))人,以(yi)劫掠客商至巨富,曾與(yu)王愷斗富,以(yi)蠟代薪(xin),作錦步障五十里。八王之(zhi)亂時,與(yu)齊(qi)王結黨,為(wei)(wei)趙(zhao)王倫所殺。)
綠(lv)珠善吹(chui)笛,又(you)善舞《明(ming)君(jun)》,明(ming)君(jun)就(jiu)是指漢元帝時的王昭君(jun)。石崇讓綠(lv)珠吹(chui)奏此曲,她又(you)自制新(xin)歌(ge):“我(wo)(wo)本(ben)良家女,將適單(dan)于(yu)庭。辭別(bie)未及終,前驅已抗旌。仆御涕流離,猿馬悲(bei)且鳴。哀(ai)郁(yu)傷五內,涕泣沾珠纓(ying)。行行日已遠(yuan),遂(sui)造(zao)匈奴城(cheng)。延我(wo)(wo)于(yu)穹廬,加我(wo)(wo)閼氏名。殊(shu)類非(fei)所(suo)安,雖貴非(fei)所(suo)榮。父子見凌(ling)辱,對之慚且驚。殺身良不易(yi),默默以茍生。茍生亦何聊,積思常憤盈。愿假(jia)飛鴻翼,乘之以遐征。飛鴻不我(wo)(wo)顧(gu),佇立(li)以屏(ping)營。昔為(wei)匣中(zhong)玉,今為(wei)糞土塵。朝華不足歡,甘(gan)與秋(qiu)草屏(ping)。傳語(yu)后世人,遠(yuan)嫁難(nan)為(wei)情。”
詞意凄涼婉(wan)轉,其才情(qing)亦可(ke)見一斑。綠珠嫵(wu)媚動(dong)人,又善解人意,恍若天(tian)仙下(xia)凡,尤以曲意承(cheng)歡,因而石崇在(zai)眾多姬妾之中,惟獨對綠珠別有(you)寵愛(ai)。
石(shi)崇(chong)(chong)有別(bie)館(guan)在河(he)南金谷澗(jian),凡遠行的(de)人都在此(ci)餞(jian)飲送別(bie),因此(ci)號為“金谷園(yuan)”。園(yuan)隨地勢高低(di)筑臺鑿池。園(yuan)內清溪(xi)縈(ying)回,水聲潺潺。石(shi)崇(chong)(chong)因山形水勢,筑園(yuan)建館(guan),挖湖(hu)開塘,周圍幾十(shi)里內,樓(lou)榭(xie)亭閣(ge),高下(xia)錯(cuo)落,金谷水縈(ying)繞穿流其(qi)間,鳥鳴(ming)幽村,魚(yu)躍(yue)荷塘。酈道元《水經(jing)注(zhu)》謂(wei)其(qi)“清泉茂樹,眾果竹柏,藥草蔽翳”。園(yuan)內筑百(bai)丈高的(de)崇(chong)(chong)綺樓(lou),可(ke)“極(ji)目南天(tian)”,以(yi)慰綠珠的(de)思鄉(xiang)之(zhi)愁,里面裝(zhuang)飾(shi)以(yi)珍珠、瑪瑙、琥珀(po)、犀角、象牙(ya),可(ke)謂(wei)窮奢極(ji)麗。石(shi)崇(chong)(chong)和當時的(de)名士左思、潘岳等二(er)十(shi)四人曾結成詩社,號稱“金谷二(er)十(shi)四友”。每次宴客,必命綠珠出(chu)來歌舞侑酒(jiu),見者都忘(wang)失魂魄,因此(ci)綠珠之(zhi)美名聞于天(tian)下(xia)。
石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)(chong)在(zai)朝(chao)廷里投靠的是(shi)賈謐(mi)(mi),他為逢迎賈謐(mi)(mi)無(wu)所(suo)不(bu)用其極(ji),甚(shen)至(zhi)賈謐(mi)(mi)出門(men),他站在(zai)路邊,望車(che)塵而拜,深為時(shi)人(ren)不(bu)齒(chi)。待后(hou)來賈謐(mi)(mi)被誅,石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)(chong)因為與(yu)賈謐(mi)(mi)同黨(dang)被免官。當時(shi)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王司(si)(si)馬倫(lun)(lun)專權(quan),石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)(chong)的外甥(sheng)歐陽(yang)建與(yu)司(si)(si)馬倫(lun)(lun)有仇。依附于趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王倫(lun)(lun)的孫秀(xiu)暗(an)慕(mu)綠(lv)珠(zhu),過去(qu)因石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)(chong)有權(quan)有勢,他只能意(yi)淫(yin)一(yi)(yi)下而已。現在(zai)石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)(chong)一(yi)(yi)被免職,他明(ming)目張膽(dan)地便派人(ren)向石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)(chong)索(suo)取綠(lv)珠(zhu)。那時(shi)石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)(chong)正在(zai)金(jin)谷園(yuan)登(deng)涼臺、臨清水,與(yu)群妾飲宴,吹(chui)彈歌舞(wu),極(ji)盡(jin)人(ren)間之(zhi)樂,忽(hu)見孫秀(xiu)差人(ren)來要索(suo)取美人(ren),石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)(chong)將其婢(bi)妾數十人(ren)叫出讓使者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)挑選,這(zhe)(zhe)些婢(bi)妾都散發著蘭麝的香氣,穿著絢麗的錦繡,石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)(chong)說:“隨便選。”使者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)說:“這(zhe)(zhe)些婢(bi)妾個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)都艷(yan)絕無(wu)雙(shuang),但小人(ren)受命索(suo)取綠(lv)珠(zhu),不(bu)知道哪一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)是(shi)?”石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)(chong)勃然大怒:“綠(lv)珠(zhu)是(shi)我所(suo)愛,那是(shi)做(zuo)不(bu)到的。”使者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)說:“君(jun)侯博古通今,還請三(san)思。”其實是(shi)暗(an)示石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)(chong)今非(fei)昔(xi)比,應(ying)審時(shi)度勢。石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)(chong)堅持不(bu)給。使者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)回(hui)報后(hou)孫秀(xiu)大怒,勸趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王倫(lun)(lun)誅石(shi)(shi)崇(chong)(chong)。
趙(zhao)王倫于(yu)是派兵殺石(shi)(shi)(shi)崇。石(shi)(shi)(shi)崇對綠珠嘆息說:“我(wo)現在(zai)因為(wei)你而(er)獲(huo)罪。”綠珠流(liu)淚說:“愿效死(si)于(yu)君(jun)前。”綠珠突然墜樓而(er)死(si),石(shi)(shi)(shi)崇想拉卻(que)來不及拉住。石(shi)(shi)(shi)崇被亂兵殺于(yu)東(dong)市。臨死(si)前他(ta)說:“這些(xie)人,還(huan)不是為(wei)了貪我(wo)的錢財(cai)!”押他(ta)的人說:“你既知(zhi)道人為(wei)財(cai)死(si),為(wei)什么不早些(xie)把家財(cai)散了,做點好(hao)事?”
石崇(chong)被殺,雖緣自綠(lv)珠始,但其(qi)實(shi)由來(lai)已久了。當(dang)年石崇(chong)為荊(jing)州使沉殺客(ke)商;宴集(ji)間(jian)無故斬行(xing)酒美人(ren)。古語(yu)說得好(hao):“禍(huo)福無門,惟(wei)人(ren)所(suo)召。”石崇(chong)動輒殺人(ren),怎(zen)么會(hui)有(you)善終?就算沒有(you)綠(lv)珠,以石崇(chong)的所(suo)作所(suo)為,也不會(hui)有(you)好(hao)下場(chang)的。
夫君
石崇
弟子
宋袆,國(guo)色天香,善吹(chui)笛,能歌(ge)舞,后為晉明帝所得(de)。
《晉書石崇傳》
崇有妓曰綠珠,美而(er)艷,善吹笛。孫秀使(shi)(shi)人求之。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)在金谷別館,方(fang)登涼臺,臨清流(liu),婦人侍側。使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)以告(gao)。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)盡出(chu)其婢(bi)妾數(shu)十(shi)人以示(shi)之,皆(jie)蘊蘭(lan)麝,被羅縠,曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“在所(suo)擇。”使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“君侯服御麗則麗矣(yi),然本受命指索綠(lv)珠(zhu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)識孰是?”崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)勃然曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“綠(lv)珠(zhu)吾所(suo)愛,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得也。”使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“君侯博古(gu)通今,察遠照邇,愿加三思。”崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然。”使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)出(chu)而(er)又反,崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)竟不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)許。秀怒,乃(nai)(nai)勸倫(lun)(lun)誅崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、建(jian)(jian)。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、建(jian)(jian)亦潛知其計(ji),乃(nai)(nai)與黃門郎潘(pan)岳陰勸淮南王允、齊(qi)王冏以圖倫(lun)(lun)、秀。秀覺(jue)之,遂矯詔收崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)及潘(pan)岳、歐陽(yang)建(jian)(jian)等。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)正宴于(yu)樓(lou)(lou)上(shang),介士到門。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)謂綠(lv)珠(zhu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“我今為爾得罪。”綠(lv)珠(zhu)泣曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“當效(xiao)死于(yu)官前。”因(yin)自投于(yu)樓(lou)(lou)下而(er)死。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)流(liu)徙交、廣耳。”及車載詣東市,崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)乃(nai)(nai)嘆曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“奴輩利(li)吾家(jia)財(cai)。”收者(zhe)(zhe)答曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“知財(cai)致(zhi)害,何不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)早散之?”崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能答。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)母兄妻子無少長(chang)皆(jie)被害,死者(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)五人,崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)年五十(shi)二。
綠(lv)珠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)后代還有人效(xiao)仿的(de),唐代喬(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)寵婢窈(yao)(yao)(yao)娘(niang)有姿(zi)色,且善詩(shi)文歌舞。喬(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深為愛(ai)幸。當時武(wu)承嗣驕(jiao)(jiao)貴(gui)(gui),強迫喬(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以金玉賭窈(yao)(yao)(yao)娘(niang)。喬(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輸了后,武(wu)承嗣便派人去喬(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)搶走了窈(yao)(yao)(yao)娘(niang)。喬(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怨悔,做《綠(lv)珠篇(pian)》以敘其怨:“石家(jia)金谷重新聲,明珠十斛買娉(ping)婷。此日可憐無得比,此時可愛(ai)得人情。君(jun)家(jia)閨(gui)閣未曾難,嘗(chang)持歌舞使(shi)人看。富貴(gui)(gui)雄豪非分理,驕(jiao)(jiao)矜勢力(li)橫相干(gan)。辭君(jun)去君(jun)終不忍,徒勞掩(yan)面傷紅(hong)(hong)粉。百(bai)年離別在高(gao)樓(lou),一旦紅(hong)(hong)顏(yan)為君(jun)盡。”喬(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)私下讓武(wu)承嗣家(jia)的(de)閹奴傳詩(shi)于窈(yao)(yao)(yao)娘(niang)。窈(yao)(yao)(yao)娘(niang)得詩(shi)悲泣,投井而(er)死。武(wu)承嗣從(cong)井里(li)撈上(shang)窈(yao)(yao)(yao)娘(niang)的(de)尸體,從(cong)衣中得到(dao)此詩(shi),便鞭殺閹奴,羅織罪名殺了喬(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
牛僧(seng)孺《周秦行紀(ji)》云(yun):“夜宿薄太(tai)(tai)(tai)后(hou)廟,見戚夫(fu)人(ren)、王(wang)嬙、太(tai)(tai)(tai)真妃、潘淑妃,各賦詩言(yan)志。別有(you)善笛女子,短鬟衫具帶,貌甚美,與潘氏偕(xie)來。太(tai)(tai)(tai)后(hou)以接坐(zuo)居之(zhi),令吹笛,往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)亦及(ji)酒。太(tai)(tai)(tai)后(hou)顧而謂曰(yue):‘識此(ci)否?石家綠珠(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)。潘妃養(yang)作妹。’太(tai)(tai)(tai)后(hou)曰(yue):‘綠珠(zhu)(zhu)豈能無詩乎?’綠珠(zhu)(zhu)相謝,做(zuo)曰(yue):‘此(ci)日(ri)人(ren)非昔日(ri)人(ren),笛聲空怨趙王(wang)倫(lun)。紅殘鈿(dian)碎花(hua)樓(lou)下,金(jin)谷千年更不(bu)春。’太(tai)(tai)(tai)后(hou)曰(yue):‘牛秀(xiu)才(cai)遠來,今(jin)日(ri)誰人(ren)與伴?’綠珠(zhu)(zhu)曰(yue):‘石衛尉性(xing)嚴忌(ji)。今(jin)有(you)死,不(bu)可及(ji)亂。’”《周秦行紀(ji)》是唐(tang)傳奇的(de)一種,記事太(tai)(tai)(tai)過詭怪,不(bu)過也(ye)可見后(hou)人(ren)對(dui)綠珠(zhu)(zhu)事跡的(de)向往(wang)(wang)。
憑吊綠(lv)珠(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)詩篇多不勝數;白(bai)居(ju)易的(de)(de)〈洛(luo)中春感〉說:「莫(mo)悲金谷園中月,莫(mo)嘆(tan)天津(jin)橋上春;若學(xue)多情尋往(wang)事,人(ren)間何(he)處不傷神。」杜(du)牧的(de)(de)詠〈金谷園〉詩,更(geng)增添后人(ren)的(de)(de)無限喟嘆(tan):「繁華事散(san)逐(zhu)香塵(chen),流水無情草自春;日(ri)暮東風(feng)怨啼(ti)鳥,落(luo)(luo)花(hua)猶(you)似(si)(si)墜(zhui)樓(lou)人(ren)!」落(luo)(luo)花(hua)猶(you)似(si)(si)墜(zhui)樓(lou)人(ren)!人(ren)們(men)以(yi)桂花(hua)的(de)(de)散(san)落(luo)(luo)譬(pi)喻綠(lv)珠(zhu)(zhu)一躍而下的(de)(de)凄(qi)美留芳,并(bing)尊她(ta)為八月桂花(hua)花(hua)神。
劉克莊:“向來金谷友,至此散(san)如云。卻是(shi)娉婷者(zhe),樓前不(bu)負君。”
懊儂歌·綠珠
絲(si)布澀難(nan)縫,令儂(nong)十(shi)指穿(chuan)。
黃牛細犢車,游戲出孟津。
詠綠珠·林黛玉(曹雪芹)
瓦礫明珠一例(li)拋,何(he)曾石尉重嬌嬈。
都緣頑福前生(sheng)造,更有同歸慰(wei)寂寥。
詠綠珠·汪遵
大抵花顏最怕秋,南家歌歇(xie)北家愁。
從(cong)來(lai)幾許如君貌,不肯如君墜(zhui)玉樓。
金谷園·杜牧
繁華事(shi)散逐香塵,流水無情草自春。
日暮東風(feng)怨啼鳥,落花尤似墜樓人(ren)。
綠珠.林振
善歌樊素口(kou),能(neng)舞小蠻腰。
意氣由來重,香魂金谷銷(xiao)。
落梅 清·梅庾
背城花(hua)塢得春(chun)遲(chi),凍雀銜(xian)殘尚未知。
聞說綠珠(zhu)殊絕世,我來(lai)偏見(jian)墜樓時。