段(duan)(duan)元(yuan)妃(fei)(fei)(?-396年(nian)),姓段(duan)(duan),字元(yuan)妃(fei)(fei),右光祿大夫(fu)段(duan)(duan)儀(yi)之女,后(hou)(hou)燕(yan)(yan)成武帝(di)慕容(rong)(rong)垂的皇(huang)后(hou)(hou),南燕(yan)(yan)獻(xian)武帝(di)慕容(rong)(rong)德皇(huang)后(hou)(hou)段(duan)(duan)季妃(fei)(fei)的姐姐,慕容(rong)(rong)垂結發妻段(duan)(duan)皇(huang)后(hou)(hou)(成昭皇(huang)后(hou)(hou))的侄女(一說是堂妹)。太(tai)元(yuan)八年(nian)(383年(nian)),慕容(rong)(rong)垂自(zi)稱燕(yan)(yan)王,娶段(duan)(duan)元(yuan)妃(fei)(fei)為繼(ji)室。太(tai)元(yuan)十一年(nian)(386年(nian)),慕容(rong)(rong)垂稱帝(di),立(li)段(duan)(duan)元(yuan)妃(fei)(fei)為皇(huang)后(hou)(hou)。
太(tai)元(yuan)十(shi)九年(394年),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)垂立子慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)寶為太(tai)子,段(duan)元(yuan)妃(fei)對慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)垂說慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)寶姿(zi)質雍(yong)容(rong),優(you)柔(rou)寡斷,在(zai)太(tai)平(ping)盛世(shi)是仁明君主,在(zai)危難時卻不是濟世(shi)的雄杰(jie),因(yin)此(ci)招致慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)寶的痛恨。太(tai)元(yuan)二十(shi)一年(396年),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)垂去(qu)世(shi),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)寶繼位,派慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)麟(lin)逼迫段(duan)元(yuan)妃(fei)自殺,謚號(hao)成哀皇后(hou)。
段(duan)(duan)元妃(fei)(fei)年少(shao)時就柔美聰慧,有志(zhi)(zhi)節操守,常常對(dui)妹妹段(duan)(duan)季(ji)(ji)妃(fei)(fei)說(shuo)她終(zhong)究不(bu)(bu)會作(zuo)凡人的(de)(de)妻(qi)子。段(duan)(duan)季(ji)(ji)妃(fei)(fei)也(ye)說(shuo)她也(ye)不(bu)(bu)作(zuo)庸夫的(de)(de)老婆。鄰居(ju)聽到她們的(de)(de)對(dui)話都覺得很好笑。太元八年(383年),慕容(rong)垂自(zi)稱(cheng)燕王,娶(qu)段(duan)(duan)元妃(fei)(fei)為繼室,于是對(dui)她特(te)別寵愛。范陽王慕容(rong)德也(ye)聘娶(qu)段(duan)(duan)季(ji)(ji)妃(fei)(fei)。姐(jie)妹都分別做(zuo)了(le)慕容(rong)垂、慕容(rong)德的(de)(de)妻(qi)子,最終(zhong)順了(le)她們的(de)(de)心志(zhi)(zhi)。太元十一年(386年),慕容(rong)垂稱(cheng)帝,立段(duan)(duan)元妃(fei)(fei)為皇后。
太(tai)(tai)元(yuan)十九年(394年),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)垂(chui)立(li)其子(zi)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)寶為(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)子(zi),段元(yuan)妃(fei)(fei)對(dui)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)垂(chui)說(shuo):“太(tai)(tai)子(zi)姿質雍容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),優柔寡(gua)斷,在(zai)太(tai)(tai)平盛世是個仁明(ming)的(de)君主,在(zai)危難(nan)的(de)時候(hou)卻(que)不是濟世的(de)雄(xiong)杰,陛下(xia)把大業交給他(ta),小妾就看不到子(zi)孫(sun)后代昌大。遼西王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)農和高陽(yang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)隆是陛下(xia)兒子(zi)中賢明(ming)的(de),應(ying)該選擇一個立(li)為(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)。趙王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)麟(lin)奸詐(zha)負氣,常有(you)輕侮太(tai)(tai)子(zi)的(de)心理,陛下(xia)一旦辭世,一定會(hui)有(you)災難(nan)出現。這(zhe)是陛下(xia)的(de)家事,應(ying)該深(shen)入考慮(lv)。”慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)垂(chui)不采納。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)寶和慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)麟(lin)聽到這(zhe)番話,都很痛恨她。后來段元(yuan)妃(fei)(fei)又(you)說(shuo)起這(zhe)番話,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)垂(chui)說(shuo):“你想讓(rang)我做晉獻公嗎?”段元(yuan)妃(fei)(fei)哭著退出來,告訴妹妹段季(ji)妃(fei)(fei)說(shuo):“太(tai)(tai)子(zi)無德,是下(xia)臣們都知道的(de),但是主上把我比(bi)作驪戎女(nv)子(zi),多么(me)痛苦啊!主上死了以(yi)后,太(tai)(tai)子(zi)一定亡國。范陽(yang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)德有(you)非凡的(de)器度(du),如果燕國的(de)福運沒有(you)終結,就在(zai)范陽(yang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)身上吧!”
太(tai)元二(er)十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(396年(nian)(nian))四(si)月初十,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)垂(chui)去(qu)世,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)寶繼(ji)位(wei)。同年(nian)(nian)五月二(er)十三日,派慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)麟逼(bi)迫段(duan)(duan)(duan)元妃說:“皇后(hou)常說主上不(bu)能繼(ji)承和(he)守住帝(di)位(wei),現在到(dao)底怎(zen)么樣呢?你最好趁(chen)早(zao)自裁(cai),用以保(bao)全段(duan)(duan)(duan)氏一(yi)家。”段(duan)(duan)(duan)元妃憤(fen)怒(nu)地(di)說:“你們(men)兄弟倆(lia)還(huan)(huan)要逼(bi)殺母(mu)(mu)親(qin),怎(zen)么能保(bao)住江(jiang)山!我哪里是舍不(bu)得去(qu)死,只是想(xiang)到(dao)國家不(bu)久(jiu)就要滅亡而(er)已(yi)。”于是自殺。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)寶的(de)(de)意見認為(wei)段(duan)(duan)(duan)元妃圖謀廢黜嫡統,沒有(you)(you)母(mu)(mu)后(hou)之道,不(bu)宜具(ju)備守喪之禮,下臣們(men)都認為(wei)正確。中書令眭邃在朝(chao)廷上大聲(sheng)說:“兒子(zi)沒有(you)(you)廢黜母(mu)(mu)親(qin)的(de)(de)道理(li),東漢(han)的(de)(de)安思皇后(hou)閻姬親(qin)自廢黜漢(han)順帝(di),還(huan)(huan)配饗(xiang)漢(han)安帝(di),先皇后(hou)的(de)(de)話真假還(huan)(huan)不(bu)知道,應該(gai)依(yi)循閻姬的(de)(de)舊(jiu)事。”慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)寶聽從了他的(de)(de)意見,以皇后(hou)之禮安葬段(duan)(duan)(duan)元妃,謚號“成哀皇后(hou)”。之后(hou)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)麟果然作亂,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)寶也被殺害,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)德(de)又(you)登(deng)基稱(cheng)帝(di),最終都如段(duan)(duan)(duan)元妃所預料的(de)(de)那(nei)樣。
房玄(xuan)齡等《晉書》:“少而婉慧(hui),有志操”
蔡東藩:“所惜者(zhe),段(duan)元妃自(zi)詡智(zhi)婦(fu),乃(nai)竟不免于禍耳。”
《晉書(shu)·卷九十六·列傳(chuan)第六十六》
《資治通鑒(jian)·卷一百八》
父親:段儀(yi),官至右光祿大夫。
妹(mei)妹(mei):段季妃,嫁(jia)南燕(yan)獻武帝慕容德。
夫君:慕容霸,后燕武(wu)成帝。
兒子(zi):渤(bo)海王慕容朗、博(bo)陵王慕容鑒