王淑妃(?-947年),王氏,邠州人(ren),五代十國時期后唐(tang)第(di)二位皇帝后唐(tang)明宗李(li)嗣源的(de)寵(chong)妃,也(ye)是五代第(di)一美女。
王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)是邠州人(ren)(ren)(ren),其家里以賣餅為(wei)生。王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)容貌俊美,號稱“花見(jian)羞”,年少時(shi)賣給后(hou)梁將領劉(liu)鄩家中(zhong)當侍女。龍德三年(923年),劉(liu)鄩去(qu)世,王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)無(wu)處可歸(gui)。當時(shi),后(hou)唐明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)(zong)李(li)嗣源的夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)夏氏(shi)(shi)去(qu)世,正找適(shi)當的人(ren)(ren)(ren)納為(wei)妾,有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)對安(an)重誨講(jiang)到王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi),安(an)重誨告訴(su)后(hou)唐明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)(zong)納她為(wei)妾。王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)得到劉(liu)鄩的金銀(yin)很多,全部送給后(hou)唐明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)(zong)左右及諸子婦人(ren)(ren)(ren),人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)都(dou)講(jiang)王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)的好話,后(hou)唐明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)(zong)更(geng)加喜愛她。夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)曹氏(shi)(shi)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)簡單質樸(pu),常常怕事(shi),因此王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)專寵。
同(tong)光四(si)(si)年(nian)(926年(nian)),后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)繼(ji)位(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),商議立皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),曹(cao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)立,曹(cao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說:“我多病,性情不(bu)耐(nai)煩,妹應當(dang)代替(ti)我當(dang)。”王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說:“后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),帝(di)王(wang)(wang)(wang)的匹(pi)配(pei),至尊之(zhi)位(wei),誰敢(gan)隨便(bian)代替(ti)呢?”于是(shi)立曹(cao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)淑(shu)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)侍(shi)(shi)奉(feng)皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)曹(cao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)很謹慎,每次(ci)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)早晨(chen)起來洗漱穿(chuan)衣(yi)都(dou)是(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)服侍(shi)(shi)左右(you)。罷(ba)朝,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)與(yu)曹(cao)皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)吃飯,王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)侍(shi)(shi)奉(feng)左右(you),食畢(bi)才退,從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)不(bu)懈怠。曹(cao)皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)心里也非(fei)常喜(xi)歡她(ta)。然(ran)(ran)而宮(gong)中(zhong)的事(shi)都(dou)由王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)做主。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)病重(zhong),王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)宦官孟漢瓊左右(you)侍(shi)(shi)奉(feng),日益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)專權,殺害安重(zhong)誨(hui)、秦王(wang)(wang)(wang)李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)榮(rong)都(dou)有參與(yu)。劉鄩幾個兒(er)子都(dou)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的幫助而封官拜爵。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)愍帝(di)李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)厚即(ji)位(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),尊曹(cao)皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)皇太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)皇太(tai)(tai)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)。起初,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)宮(gong)有生兒(er)子的,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)讓(rang)(rang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)收養,這便(bian)是(shi)許王(wang)(wang)(wang)李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乳母司(si)衣(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),見后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)已(yi)老而李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)榮(rong)掌握兵(bing)權,想為(wei)(wei)自己日后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)打(da)算,就(jiu)(jiu)說:“兒(er)思秦王(wang)(wang)(wang)。”當(dang)時李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)已(yi)經四(si)(si)歲,又教(jiao)李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自己說要求見李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)榮(rong)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)就(jiu)(jiu)派她(ta)將李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)往來秦王(wang)(wang)(wang)府。就(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)榮(rong)私通,李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)榮(rong)讓(rang)(rang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)觀察(cha)宮(gong)中(zhong)動靜(jing)。李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)榮(rong)已(yi)死,司(si)衣(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)認為(wei)(wei)李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)榮(rong)實際是(shi)用兵(bing)入宮(gong)保衛天子,然(ran)(ran)而以(yi)反叛被誅,口出怨(yuan)言。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)愍帝(di)聽說后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)大怒,賜(si)死司(si)衣(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),然(ran)(ran)而這事(shi)和太(tai)(tai)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有牽(qian)連(lian),因(yin)此(ci)不(bu)高興(xing),想把她(ta)遷到(dao)至德宮(gong),因(yin)曹(cao)太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)和王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)來很好,怕傷害曹(cao)太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的感(gan)情而沒(mei)遷,但是(shi)待(dai)她(ta)很淡薄。
后(hou)(hou)唐廢(fei)(fei)帝(di)李(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)珂即位,曾在妃院設宴(yan),王氏舉(ju)酒杯說(shuo):“愿意辭別皇帝(di)去(qu)當尼姑。”后(hou)(hou)唐廢(fei)(fei)帝(di)大驚,問原因,王氏說(shuo):“小兒處偶然(ran)得命,如果大兒不(bu)容(rong),那么到死(si)的時候(hou),有啥(sha)臉(lian)面去(qu)見先帝(di)?”說(shuo)著(zhu)哭了。后(hou)(hou)唐廢(fei)(fei)帝(di)也為她悲傷(shang),待她很好。石(shi)敬瑭進攻京城,后(hou)(hou)唐廢(fei)(fei)帝(di)聚族(zu)準備自焚。王氏對曹太(tai)后(hou)(hou)說(shuo):“事急了,應該回(hui)避,等候(hou)姑夫。”曹太(tai)后(hou)(hou)說(shuo):“我(wo)家到這種(zhong)地(di)步,我(wo)不(bu)忍心一個人活著(zhu),你自己保重(zhong)吧!”曹太(tai)后(hou)(hou)與后(hou)(hou)唐廢(fei)(fei)帝(di)自焚而死(si),王氏與李(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)益及(ji)其妹藏在鞠場(chang)內得免死(si)。
后(hou)晉高祖(zu)(zu)石敬瑭即位,王氏(shi)自己請求(qiu)當尼姑(gu)未成,遷到至(zhi)德宮住。后(hou)晉遷都到汴州,王氏(shi)母(mu)子都相隨(sui),安置宮中(zhong),后(hou)晉高祖(zu)(zu)皇后(hou)待她如母(mu)。天(tian)福四年(939年)九月十(shi)五日,詔以郇國(guo)三千(qian)戶封李從益為郇國(guo)公,以奉后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)的祭(ji)(ji)祀(si),服色(se)、旌旗都依照(zhao)后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)的舊制。太常卿商議立(li)后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)莊宗、后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)明宗、后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)愍帝三室,用至(zhi)德宮為廟;詔立(li)后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)高祖(zu)(zu)、后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)太宗,為五廟,派(pai)李從益主持祠廟祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)。
后(hou)(hou)晉(jin)出帝石重貴即位后(hou)(hou),王氏母子(zi)都回(hui)到(dao)洛(luo)陽。契丹進攻京城(cheng),趙延壽(shou)所娶(qu)后(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)宗公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)已經(jing)死了,耶律德光就(jiu)為(wei)趙延壽(shou)娶(qu)李從(cong)(cong)益(yi)妹,稱永安(an)(an)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)。永安(an)(an)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)生母不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)是(shi)(shi)誰,由王氏撫養長大,王氏到(dao)京城(cheng)主(zhu)持婚禮。耶律德光見到(dao)后(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)宗畫像,焚香禮拜,對王氏說:“明(ming)宗與我(wo)約為(wei)弟兄(xiong),你是(shi)(shi)我(wo)嫂子(zi)。”不(bu)(bu)久(jiu)欣然說:“現在是(shi)(shi)我(wo)妻了。”就(jiu)用李從(cong)(cong)益(yi)為(wei)彰信軍節度使,李從(cong)(cong)益(yi)推辭不(bu)(bu)肯當官,和王氏都回(hui)到(dao)洛(luo)陽。
耶律德(de)光(guang)北歸,留蕭翰守汴州。后漢高祖劉(liu)知遠在太原(yuan)起(qi)兵,蕭翰想北去(qu),就(jiu)派人(ren)召李從(cong)(cong)益把中(zhong)原(yuan)委托給他。李從(cong)(cong)益子母逃到徽陵去(qu)躲(duo)避(bi)使者,使者強迫(po)他東來,讓李從(cong)(cong)益權知南朝(chao)軍國事。李從(cong)(cong)益坐崇元殿,蕭翰率契丹(dan)諸(zhu)將(jiang)拜殿上,后晉群臣(chen)拜殿下。群臣(chen)入見王(wang)氏,王(wang)氏說:“我家母子孤弱,被翰強迫(po),這不是福(fu)呀!禍快到了!”才以王(wang)松、趙上交為左(zuo)右丞相,李式、翟光(guang)鄴為樞密(mi)使,燕將(jiang)劉(liu)祚(zuo)為侍衛親軍都指(zhi)揮使。蕭翰留契丹(dan)兵一千人(ren)歸劉(liu)祚(zuo)而北去(qu)。
后漢高(gao)祖率軍南下(xia),李從益(yi)派(pai)(pai)人召高(gao)行周(zhou)、武行德等人前去抵(di)抗(kang),高(gao)行周(zhou)等人都不(bu)到,就與王(wang)松商(shang)議用燕兵(bing)閉(bi)城(cheng)自守。王(wang)氏(shi)說(shuo):“亡國(guo)之后,怎敢與別人爭天下(xia)?”立即(ji)派(pai)(pai)人上書迎接后漢高(gao)祖。后漢高(gao)祖聽說(shuo)他曾(ceng)召高(gao)行周(zhou),不(bu)至,就派(pai)(pai)郭從義先率兵(bing)入京城(cheng)殺王(wang)氏(shi)母(mu)子。王(wang)氏(shi)臨死大(da)喊(han)說(shuo):“我家母(mu)子有什么罪?為何不(bu)留下(xia)我兒子使他每年(nian)寒食節拿(na)一(yi)盂飯酒到后唐明(ming)宗墳(fen)上祭祀(si)。”聽見的人都感到悲傷(shang)。李從益(yi)死時年(nian)僅十七(qi)歲。后周(zhou)廣(guang)順元(yuan)年(nian)(951年(nian))四(si)月(yue),郭威(wei)追謚王(wang)氏(shi)為賢妃。
歐(ou)陽(yang)修(xiu)等《新五代史》:有美色,號(hao)“花見(jian)羞”。
《新五代史·卷十五·唐(tang)明(ming)宗家(jia)人(ren)傳第三(san)》