花(hua)蕊夫(fu)(fu)人(ren),生卒年不詳,五代十國女(nv)詩(shi)人(ren)、后蜀(shu)(shu)后主孟昶妃(fei)子,姓徐(一說姓費) ,青城(今都江堰市東(dong)南)人(ren)。得幸蜀(shu)(shu)主孟昶,封慧妃(fei),賜號花(hua)蕊夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)。
幼能文,尤(you)長于宮詞,代表作(zuo)《述國亡(wang)詩》。
后蜀后主孟昶的費貴(gui)妃(fei),一(yi)個(ge)歌妓出身的貴(gui)妃(fei)。
前蜀亡(wang)后,后唐莊宗(zong)以孟知祥為(wei)兩(liang)川節度使,孟知祥到蜀后,后唐內亂,莊宗(zong)被(bei)殺(sha),孟知祥野心膨脹,訓練甲(jia)兵,到唐明(ming)宗(zong)死(si)后,孟知祥就(jiu)僭稱帝號,但不數(shu)月而(er)死(si),孟昶(chang)繼位。孟知祥處心積慮,晝夜辛勞所創下(xia)的(de)局面(mian),傳到孟昶(chang)的(de)手上(shang),十年不見(jian)烽火,不聞干戈,五各豐登(deng),斗米三(san)錢,都下(xia)仕(shi)女,不辨菽(shu)麥,士(shi)民采蘭贈芬(fen),買笑尋(xun)樂,宮(gong)廷之中更是日日笙歌,夜夜美酒(jiu),教坊歌妓,詞(ci)臣狎(xia)客,裝點出一幅升平和樂的(de)景(jing)象。
孟(meng)昶是(shi)(shi)個非常懂(dong)得(de)享(xiang)樂的人(ren),據(ju)傳宋太(tai)祖滅后蜀后,侍(shi)(shi)衛(wei)們領了宋太(tai)祖的旨意前去(qu)收拾東西(xi),這(zhe)些人(ren)居然連他的小便(bian)器也收來(lai)(lai)了。那溺器是(shi)(shi)最(zui)污穢(hui)的東西(xi),侍(shi)(shi)衛(wei)們怎(zen)么(me)還要(yao)取來(lai)(lai)呈給太(tai)祖呢(ni)(ni)?只因孟(meng)昶的溺器與眾不同,乃是(shi)(shi)七寶裝(zhuang)成,精(jing)美無比(bi)。侍(shi)(shi)衛(wei)們見了,十分詫異,不敢隱瞞,取回(hui)呈覽。太(tai)祖見孟(meng)昶的溺器,也是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)樣(yang)裝(zhuang)飾,不覺(jue)嘆道:溺器要(yao)用七寶裝(zhuang)成,卻用什(shen)么(me)東西(xi)貯食呢(ni)(ni)?奢(she)靡(mi)至(zhi)此,安得(de)不亡!命侍(shi)(shi)衛(wei)將它(ta)打得(de)粉碎(sui)。
孟(meng)昶(chang)是個非(fei)常懂得享樂的人(ren)(ren)(ren),他廣征蜀(shu)地美女(nv)(nv)以(yi)充后宮(gong)(gong),妃嬪(pin)之(zhi)外另有(you)(you)十二(er)等級,其中最(zui)寵愛的是“花(hua)蕊夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”費貴妃。孟(meng)昶(chang)天天顛倒在(zai)宮(gong)(gong)女(nv)(nv)堆(dui)里,每逢宴(yan)余歌后,略有(you)(you)閑暇,便(bian)同著(zhu)花(hua)蕊夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),將(jiang)后宮(gong)(gong)侍(shi)麗召至御前(qian),親自點選,揀那(nei)(nei)身(shen)材婀娜,資(zi)容(rong)俊秀的,加封位號(hao),輪流進御,其品秩比于公卿士(shi)大夫(fu),每月(yue)香粉之(zhi)資(zi),皆由內監(jian)(jian)專司,謂之(zhi)月(yue)頭。到(dao)了支給(gei)俸金之(zhi)時,孟(meng)昶(chang)親自監(jian)(jian)視,那(nei)(nei)宮(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)竟有(you)(you)數千之(zhi)多,唱名發(fa)給(gei),每人(ren)(ren)(ren)于御床之(zhi)前(qian)走(zou)將(jiang)過去,親手領取,名為支給(gei)買花(hua)錢(qian)。孟(meng)昶(chang)日日飲宴(yan),覺得肴饌都是陳舊之(zhi)物,端將(jiang)上(shang)來,便(bian)生(sheng)厭(yan)惡,不能下箸。花(hua)蕊夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)便(bian)別(bie)出心裁,用凈白羊頭,以(yi)紅姜煮之(zhi),緊緊卷起,用石頭鎮壓(ya),以(yi)酒(jiu)(jiu)淹之(zhi),使酒(jiu)(jiu)味(wei)(wei)入骨,然后切(qie)如紙(zhi)薄(bo),把來進御,風味(wei)(wei)無窮,號(hao)稱“緋羊首”,又叫“酒(jiu)(jiu)骨糟”。孟(meng)昶(chang)遇著(zhu)月(yue)旦,必用素(su)食,且喜薯藥,花(hua)蕊便(bian)將(jiang)薯藥切(qie)片,蓮粉拌(ban)勻,加用五(wu)味(wei)(wei),清(qing)香撲鼻(bi),味(wei)(wei)酥(su)而脆,又潔白如銀,望(wang)之(zhi)如月(yue),宮(gong)(gong)中稱為“月(yue)一盤”。
孟(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)最是(shi)怕熱(re),每(mei)遇炎暑天氣,便覺喘息不(bu)定,難于(yu)就枕,于(yu)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)摩河池上(shang),建筑(zhu)水晶宮(gong)(gong)殿,作為避暑的(de)(de)地(di)方。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三間(jian)(jian)大(da)殿都用楠木為柱(zhu),沉香作棟,珊瑚嵌窗,碧玉為戶(hu),四周墻壁,不(bu)用磚石,盡用數(shu)丈開(kai)闊的(de)(de)琉璃鑲嵌,內外通明(ming),毫無(wu)隔閡,再(zai)將后(hou)宮(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)明(ming)月珠移來(lai),夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)也光明(ming)透澈。四周更是(shi)青翠飄揚,紅橋(qiao)隱(yin)隱(yin)。從(cong)此(ci),盛夏夜(ye)(ye)晚水晶宮(gong)(gong)里備鮫綃帳、青玉枕,鋪(pu)著(zhu)冰(bing)簟,疊著(zhu)羅(luo)衾,孟(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)與花(hua)蕊夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)夜(ye)(ye)夜(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)逍遙。這晚還有(you)雪藕、冰(bing)李,孟(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)又一次(ci)喝醉(zui)了(le),但(dan)覺四肢無(wu)力,身體搖擺不(bu)定,伏在(zai)(zai)花(hua)蕊夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)香肩上(shang),慢慢地(di)行到水晶殿前,在(zai)(zai)紫檀椅上(shang)坐下(xia)。此(ci)時倚閣星(xing)回,玉繩低轉,孟(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)與花(hua)蕊夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)并肩坐在(zai)(zai)一起(qi)(qi),孟(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)攜著(zhu)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)素手,涼風升(sheng)起(qi)(qi),那岸旁的(de)(de)柳絲(si)花(hua)影,映在(zai)(zai)摩河池中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),被水波蕩著(zhu),忽而(er)橫斜,忽而(er)搖曳。孟(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)回頭(tou)看夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),見(jian)穿著(zhu)一件淡青色(se)蟬(chan)翼紗(sha)衫,里面(mian)隱(yin)約(yue)地(di)圍著(zhu)盤金繡花(hua)抹胸(xiong),乳峰微(wei)(wei)微(wei)(wei)突起(qi)(qi),映在(zai)(zai)紗(sha)衫里面(mian),愈覺得(de)冰(bing)肌(ji)玉骨,粉面(mian)櫻(ying)唇,格(ge)外嬌艷動(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。孟(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)情不(bu)自禁,把夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)攬在(zai)(zai)身旁。夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)低著(zhu)云(yun)鬟,微(wei)(wei)微(wei)(wei)含笑(xiao)道:“如此(ci)良夜(ye)(ye),風景(jing)宜人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),陛下(xia)精擅(shan)詞(ci)翰,何(he)不(bu)填一首詞(ci),以(yi)寫(xie)這幽雅的(de)(de)景(jing)色(se)呢?孟(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)說:“卿(qing)若肯(ken)按譜而(er)詠,朕當即刻填來(lai)!”夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)說:“陛下(xia)有(you)此(ci)清興(xing),臣(chen)妾(qie)安(an)敢有(you)違?”孟(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)大(da)喜,取(qu)過紙(zhi)筆,一揮(hui)而(er)就,遞與夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)捧著(zhu)詞(ci)箋,嬌聲誦(song)道:“冰(bing)肌(ji)玉骨清無(wu)汗(han)。水殿風來(lai)暗香滿。繡簾(lian)一點月窺人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),欹枕釵橫云(yun)鬢亂。起(qi)(qi)來(lai)瓊戶(hu)啟無(wu)聲,時見(jian)疏星(xing)渡河漢。屈指西風幾時來(lai),只(zhi)恐流年暗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)換。”(調寄《木蘭花(hua)》。見(jian)林大(da)椿《唐(tang)五代詞(ci)》96頁)
然而(er)就在蜀(shu)主孟(meng)(meng)昶與花蕊夫人不(bu)道流年挾彈騎射,游宴尋詩的(de)時候,中原(yuan)地(di)區的(de)后周(zhou)歸德軍節度使、檢校太尉(wei),殿前都檢點(dian)趙匡胤效法(fa)郭威(wei),演一(yi)幕(mu)“黃袍加身(shen)”的(de)鬧劇,取代后周(zhou)而(er)君臨(lin)天下,國號宋(song),改(gai)元建隆(long)整軍經武,南征北(bei)伐,目標逐漸(jian)指向后蜀(shu)。花蕊夫人屢次(ci)勸孟(meng)(meng)昶礪(li)精圖(tu)治,孟(meng)(meng)昶總認為蜀(shu)地(di)山川險阻,不(bu)足(zu)為慮。
宋(song)(song)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)乾德(de)二年十一(yi)(yi)月,宋(song)(song)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)趙(zhao)匡胤(yin)命(ming)忠(zhong)武(wu)節度使王全(quan)(quan)斌(bin)率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)六(liu)(liu)(liu)萬向蜀地進攻(gong),并命(ming)工匠在(zai)汴梁(liang)為(wei)蜀主孟(meng)(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)起(qi)造住宅,諭(yu)令(ling)將士(shi)(shi):“行(xing)軍(jun)(jun)所至,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)焚蕩(dang)廬(lu)舍,驅(qu)逐(zhu)吏(li)民(min),開(kai)發邱墳,剪伐桑朽,凡(fan)克城(cheng)寨,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可濫殺俘虜,亂搶財物(wu)。”這(zhe)月汴梁(liang)大雪(xue),宋(song)(song)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)在(zai)講武(wu)堂設壇(tan)帳,衣(yi)紫貂裘帽視事(shi),忽對左(zuo)右(you)說:“我被(bei)(bei)服如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci),體尚覺寒,念西征(zheng)將士(shi)(shi),沖(chong)犯(fan)霜霰,何以(yi)堪此(ci)(ci)(ci)?”即解下紫貂裘帽,遣太(tai)(tai)監飛騎趕往蜀地賜給王全(quan)(quan)斌(bin),且傳諭(yu)全(quan)(quan)軍(jun)(jun),以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)遍(bian)賞為(wei)憾(han)事(shi)。于(yu)是宋(song)(song)軍(jun)(jun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)奮(fen)勇,十四(si)(si)萬守成都(dou)的(de)蜀兵竟不(bu)(bu)(bu)戰(zhan)而(er)潰。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)對花(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)說:“我父子以(yi)豐衣(yi)足食養士(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)十年,一(yi)(yi)旦遇敵(di),竟不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)東向發一(yi)(yi)矢!”乾德(de)三年元宵剛過,司空平(ping)章事(shi)李(li)昊(hao)草表(biao),孟(meng)(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)自縛出城(cheng)請降(jiang),自王全(quan)(quan)斌(bin)出兵之日算(suan)起(qi),才(cai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)十六(liu)(liu)(liu)天(tian)后(hou)蜀滅(mie)亡(wang),比起(qi)前蜀王衍被(bei)(bei)后(hou)唐所滅(mie)還快,而(er)兩次(ci)草擬(ni)降(jiang)表(biao)的(de)都(dou)是李(li)昊(hao),于(yu)是有(you)心情忠(zhong)憤不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)晚上(shang)在(zai)李(li)昊(hao)的(de)家(jia)門上(shang)寫(xie)道(dao):“世修降(jiang)表(biao)李(li)家(jia)”。綠柳才(cai)黃的(de)時候,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang),花(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與李(li)昊(hao)一(yi)(yi)行(xing)三十三人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)被(bei)(bei)押赴汴梁(liang),杜宇(yu)聲聲:“行(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)也,哥哥!”“行(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)也,哥哥!”實(shi)在(zai)叫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)心碎。到(dao)汴梁(liang)后(hou),孟(meng)(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)被(bei)(bei)封為(wei)秦國(guo)公,封檢校太(tai)(tai)師(shi)、兼中(zhong)書(shu)令(ling)。宋(song)(song)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)趙(zhao)匡胤(yin)如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)優待(dai)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang),只因(yin)他(ta)久聞花(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)艷絕塵寰(huan),欲(yu)思一(yi)(yi)見顏色,以(yi)慰渴(ke)懷,又不(bu)(bu)(bu)便特行(xing)召見,恐人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)議論,便想出這(zhe)個主意(yi),重賞孟(meng)(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang),連他(ta)的(de)侍(shi)從家(jia)眷也一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)賞賜,料定他(ta)們必定進宮謝(xie)恩(en),就可見到(dao)花(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。果(guo)然如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci),那天(tian)謝(xie)恩(en),孟(meng)(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)的(de)母親李(li)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之后(hou)就是花(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)格外留神(shen),覺得(de)(de)她才(cai)至座(zuo)前,便有(you)一(yi)(yi)種香澤撲鼻中(zhong),令(ling)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)心醉(zui),仔(zi)細端詳,只覺得(de)(de)千嬌百(bai)媚(mei),難(nan)以(yi)言(yan)喻(yu),等到(dao)花(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口稱臣妾費氏見駕,愿(yuan)皇上(shang)圣(sheng)壽無疆時,那一(yi)(yi)片嬌音,如(ru)鶯簧百(bai)囀,嚦(li)嚦(li)可聽,方才(cai)把(ba)(ba)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)的(de)魂靈喚(huan)了(le)回來,但兩道(dao)眼(yan)光,仍(reng)射住在(zai)花(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身上(shang),一(yi)(yi)眨(zha)不(bu)(bu)(bu)眨(zha)。花(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也有(you)些覺得(de)(de),便瞧了(le)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)一(yi)(yi)眼(yan),低頭斂鬟而(er)退。這(zhe)臨去時的(de)秋波一(yi)(yi)轉,更是勾(gou)魂攝魄,直把(ba)(ba)宋(song)(song)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)弄得(de)(de)心猿意(yi)馬。七天(tian)后(hou)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)昶(chang)(chang)暴(bao)疾而(er)終,年四(si)(si)十七歲,史家(jia)多認為(wei)是太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)毒死的(de)。
太祖(zu)聽(ting)到(dao)孟(meng)昶(chang)已死(si),輟朝五日,素(su)服(fu)發表,賻贈布帛千(qian)匹,葬費盡由官給,追封(feng)為楚王。孟(meng)昶(chang)死(si)后(hou),他(ta)的母親并不(bu)(bu)哭泣,但舉酒酹地(di),說道(dao)(dao):“你(ni)不(bu)(bu)能以(yi)一死(si)殉社稷,貪生至此,我(wo)也因(yin)你(ni)而茍活在(zai)人間,不(bu)(bu)忍(ren)就(jiu)死(si),現(xian)在(zai)你(ni)死(si)了,我(wo)活著還有什(shen)么意思呢?”于是(shi)絕食數天而死(si)。孟(meng)昶(chang)葬在(zai)洛(luo)陽,他(ta)的家屬仍(reng)留汴(bian)京,少(shao)不(bu)(bu)得入宮謝恩。太祖(zu)見花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫人全身縞素(su),愈顯(xian)得明眸(mou)皓齒(chi),玉骨珊(shan)珊(shan),便乘此機會,把(ba)她留在(zai)宮中(zhong),通令侍宴。花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫人在(zai)這時候,身不(bu)(bu)由己,只得宛(wan)轉從(cong)命(ming),飲酒中(zhong)間,太祖(zu)知(zhi)道(dao)(dao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫人能詩,在(zai)蜀(shu)中(zhong)時,曾作宮詞百首,要她即席吟(yin)詩,以(yi)顯(xian)才華,花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫人吟(yin)道(dao)(dao):“初離蜀(shu)道(dao)(dao)心將碎(sui),離恨綿綿,春日如年,馬上時時聞杜鵑。三(san)千(qian)宮女皆花(hua)(hua)(hua)貌,共斗嬋娟,髻學朝天,今日誰知(zhi)是(shi)讖(chen)言。”
吟(yin)罷,說(shuo)道(dao)這詞是(shi)(shi)當日離開(kai)蜀國,途經(jing)葭萌關時寫的(de)(de),寫在驛站的(de)(de)墻壁上。還說(shuo):“當年(nian)在成都宮(gong)內,蜀主(zhu)(zhu)孟昶親(qin)譜‘萬(wan)里朝天(tian)曲’,令我(wo)按(an)拍而歌,以為(wei)是(shi)(shi)萬(wan)里來朝的(de)(de)佳讖(chen),因此百官(guan)競執長(chang)鞭,自馬至(zhi)地,婦(fu)人(ren)(ren)竟戴(dai)高(gao)冠,皆呼為(wei)‘朝天(tian)’。及李艷(yan)娘(niang)入宮(gong),好梳(shu)高(gao)髻,宮(gong)人(ren)(ren)皆學她以邀寵幸,也喚(huan)作‘朝天(tian)髻’,那知道(dao)卻(que)(que)是(shi)(shi)萬(wan)里崎嶇,前往(wang)汴京,來見你宋主(zhu)(zhu),萬(wan)里朝天(tian)的(de)(de)讖(chen)言,卻(que)(que)是(shi)(shi)降宋的(de)(de)應驗,豈不(bu)可嘆么(me)?”宋太祖趙匡胤聽罷長(chang)久不(bu)語,連飲三杯,說(shuo)道(dao)你再(zai)做一(yi)首新(xin)的(de)(de)。花蕊夫人(ren)(ren)沉思片刻,再(zai)啟朱唇:“君王城上樹降旗,妾在深宮(gong)哪得知;十四萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)齊解(jie)甲,更(geng)無一(yi)個是(shi)(shi)男兒。”
宋太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)本也是個英雄人(ren)(ren)(ren)物:當年千里送(song)京娘(niang),當年以一條棍棒打遍十八座(zuo)軍州(zhou)。此時有感于花(hua)蕊夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)故國(guo)之思,亡國(guo)之痛,竟更加(jia)深(shen)了(le)(le)對(dui)花(hua)蕊夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)愛慕之心。飲了(le)(le)幾杯酒(jiu)后的(de)花(hua)蕊夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),紅云上頰(jia),更覺嫵(wu)媚動人(ren)(ren)(ren),太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)攜著花(hua)蕊夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)手,同入寢宮(gong),不久(jiu)封花(hua)蕊夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)為貴妃。自此太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)每日(ri)退朝必(bi)到花(hua)蕊夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)那里,飲酒(jiu)聽曲(qu)。
這(zhe)日退朝略早,徑向(xiang)花(hua)蕊(rui)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)那里(li)而來,步入(ru)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)內,見(jian)(jian)(jian)花(hua)蕊(rui)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)正在(zai)那里(li)懸著畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang),點上(shang)香燭,叩頭禮(li)拜。太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)不(bu)知她供(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)什(shen)么畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang),即向(xiang)那畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)細看去(qu),只(zhi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)端坐在(zai)上(shang),眉目之間好(hao)像(xiang)在(zai)什(shen)么地方見(jian)(jian)(jian)過一(yi)般,急切之間,又想不(bu)起來,只(zhi)好(hao)問花(hua)蕊(rui)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)。夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)意太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)突如(ru)其來,被(bei)(bei)他瞧(qiao)見(jian)(jian)(jian)自己秘事,心(xin)下本就(jiu)驚慌,見(jian)(jian)(jian)太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)問起,連忙鎮定(ding)心(xin)神(shen)(shen),慢慢回(hui)答道:“這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)俗傳(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)張(zhang)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)像(xiang),虔(qian)誠供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉可(ke)得(de)子(zi)嗣。”太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)聽如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)說(shuo),笑(xiao)道:“妃(fei)子(zi)如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)虔(qian)誠,朕料(liao)張(zhang)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)必定(ding)要送子(zi)嗣來的(de)(de)(de)。但張(zhang)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)雖掌管送生的(de)(de)(de)事,究(jiu)竟是(shi)個(ge)神(shen)(shen)靈(ling),宜在(zai)靜室中(zhong),香花(hua)寶柜供(gong)(gong)(gong)養,若供(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)寢宮(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)面,未免褻(xie)讀仙(xian)(xian)(xian)靈(ling),反干罪戾(li)。”夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)聽了(le)太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)話,連忙拜謝(xie)。實(shi)際上(shang)花(hua)蕊(rui)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)所供(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)并(bing)不(bu)是(shi)張(zhang)仙(xian)(xian)(xian),而是(shi)蜀主孟昶(chang)(chang)。她本與孟昶(chang)(chang)相處十(shi)分恩愛,自從孟昶(chang)(chang)暴病身亡,她被(bei)(bei)太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)威逼人(ren)(ren)宮(gong)(gong)(gong),因(yin)為(wei)貪生怕死,勉(mian)承(cheng)雨露,雖承(cheng)太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)寵(chong)冠六宮(gong)(gong)(gong),心(xin)里(li)總拋不(bu)下孟昶(chang)(chang)昔日的(de)(de)(de)恩情,所以(yi)親手畫(hua)(hua)了(le)他的(de)(de)(de)像(xiang),背(bei)著人(ren)(ren),私自禮(li)拜,不(bu)料(liao)被(bei)(bei)太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)撞見(jian)(jian)(jian),只(zhi)得(de)謊稱是(shi)張(zhang)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)。可(ke)憐那些宮(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)妃(fei)嬪,聽說(shuo)供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉張(zhang)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)可(ke)以(yi)得(de)子(zi),便都到夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)照(zhao)樣(yang)畫(hua)(hua)一(yi)幅(fu),供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉起來,希望生個(ge)皇子(zi),從此(ci)(ci)(ci)富貴。不(bu)久(jiu),這(zhe)張(zhang)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)送子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang),竟從宮(gong)(gong)(gong)禁(jin)中(zhong)傳(chuan)出,連民間婦女(nv)要想生兒(er)抱子(zi)的(de)(de)(de),也畫(hua)(hua)一(yi)軸張(zhang)仙(xian)(xian)(xian),香花(hua)頂(ding)禮(li),至今不(bu)衰。如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci),孟昶(chang)(chang)九泉有知,也一(yi)定(ding)會十(shi)分感念花(hua)蕊(rui)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)了(le),后人(ren)(ren)有人(ren)(ren)詠此(ci)(ci)(ci)事:“供(gong)(gong)(gong)靈(ling)詭(gui)說(shuo)是(shi)神(shen)(shen)靈(ling),一(yi)點癡情總不(bu)泯;千古(gu)艱難惟一(yi)死,傷心(xin)豈獨息夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)。”
花蕊夫人后來因(yin)介(jie)于宋(song)廷權力之爭,在(zai)立(li)太子的問題上觸犯了太祖弟(di)弟(di)光(guang)義(yi)(yi)的利(li)益(yi),在(zai)一次(ci)打獵時(shi),被(bei)趙光(guang)義(yi)(yi),也(ye)(ye)就是后來的宋(song)太宗亂中(zhong)(zhong)一箭射死。太祖雖(sui)然(ran)英明,也(ye)(ye)無從追(zhui)究(jiu),正(zheng)在(zai)悲悼中(zhong)(zhong),又(you)有一個軍機消息傳(chuan)來,便把(ba)雄心(xin)提起,又(you)去用(yong)兵……
花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊夫人最愛(ai)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)和紅桅(wei)子花(hua)(hua)(hua),于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)孟昶(chang)命官民人家大量(liang)種(zhong)植牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan),并說:洛陽牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)甲天下(xia),今后必使(shi)成(cheng)都(dou)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)甲洛陽。不借派人前往各地選購優良品種(zhong),在宮中開辟“牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)苑”,孟昶(chang)除與花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊夫人日夜盤桓花(hua)(hua)(hua)下(xia)之外,更召集群臣,開筵大賞牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)。那紅桅(wei)子花(hua)(hua)(hua)據說是(shi)(shi)(shi)道士(shi)申(shen)天師所(suo)獻,只有種(zhong)子兩粒(li),它(ta)開起(qi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)來,其色斑紅,其瓣六(liu)出,清香襲人。由于(yu)(yu)難得(de),便有人模(mo)仿(fang)那花(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)樣(yang)式畫在團扇(shan)上,竟相習成(cheng)風(feng),也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)“芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)”花(hua)(hua)(hua)。每(mei)當(dang)芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)盛(sheng)開,沿城四十(shi)里遠(yuan)近,都(dou)如鋪了錦繡一(yi)般。“芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)城”因此而得(de)名(ming),是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)成(cheng)都(dou)又(you)被稱為“蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)城”。(一(yi)說“蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)城”之稱來自(zi)后蜀高(gao)(gao)祖孟知(zhi)祥,高(gao)(gao)祖期成(cheng)都(dou)雨水(shui)多(duo),雨季城墻極(ji)易(yi)坍(tan)塌,而芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)根系深,可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)城墻免受破(po)壞,于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)孟知(zhi)祥召百姓廣(guang)種(zhong)芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)。)
傳說很(hen)(hen)久以前,后蜀國王孟(meng)后主(zhu)的(de)妃(fei)子花(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)很(hen)(hen)喜歡(huan)芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)花(hua),孟(meng)后主(zhu)就為美麗的(de)花(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)在城里城外種滿了芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)花(hua)。不(bu)久,宋朝(chao)軍隊打進后蜀國,孟(meng)后主(zhu)投降了,花(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)也被俘虜(lu)了。宋朝(chao)皇帝趙匡胤見花(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)十分美麗,便(bian)收她作了自己(ji)的(de)妃(fei)子,可花(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)十分討厭他。花(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)被送(song)宋宮(gong)但不(bu)忘故(gu)主(zhu),繪孟(meng)昶畫(hua)像私(si)掛奉祀(si)。每當夜深人(ren)靜的(de)時候,就拿出孟(meng)后主(zhu)的(de)畫(hua)像流淚訴說思念之情(qing)。
此(ci)事(shi)被(bei)宋太祖入宮看見追問,花(hua)蕊夫人(ren)急中生智說“所掛(gua)張(zhang)仙(xian),送子(zi)之(zhi)神,蜀人(ren)皆如”,幸未追究。送子(zi)之(zhi)神,于是從宮中傳到民(min)間,到了(le)晚(wan)清年(nian)代,把(ba)張(zhang)仙(xian)男(nan)身像改花(hua)蕊女身像,花(hua)蕊夫人(ren)也又被(bei)尊為送子(zi)娘(niang)娘(niang)了(le)。
后來趙(zhao)匡胤還是知道此事,逼(bi)迫花蕊夫(fu)人(ren)交出畫像,花蕊夫(fu)人(ren)至死(si)不從,趙(zhao)匡胤一怒之(zhi)下殺死(si)了她。花蕊夫(fu)人(ren)倒下了,鮮血染紅了院中的芙蓉花。人(ren)們敬仰(yang)花蕊夫(fu)人(ren)對愛(ai)情的忠貞不渝,尊她為(wei)芙蓉花神(shen)。
《述國亡詩》
《宮詞》(一說是前(qian)蜀(shu)高祖(zu)王建淑妃徐氏【亦號“花蕊夫人(ren)”】所作(zuo))
有(you)關后蜀皇帝孟昶花蕊(rui)夫人的姓(xing)氏(shi),史書上(shang)有(you)兩種記載:一曰姓(xing)費,一曰姓(xing)徐。
北宋陳師(shi)道《后(hou)山詩話》記載:“費氏,蜀(shu)之(zhi)青(qing)城(cheng)人(ren),以才(cai)色入蜀(shu)宮,后(hou)主嬖之(zhi),號花蕊夫(fu)人(ren)。”
另一說為(wei)徐(xu)氏。南宋吳曾《能改齋漫(man)錄》記載(zai):“蜀(shu)偽主孟昶,徐(xu)匡璋(zhang)納女于昶,拜貴妃,別號(hao)花蕊夫(fu)人……陳無(wu)已(師(shi)道)以夫(fu)人姓費,誤(wu)也(ye)。”
那么,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)蜀花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)夫人(ren)究(jiu)竟是(shi)(shi)姓(xing)費還是(shi)(shi)姓(xing)徐(xu)呢(ni)?北宋(song)黃休(xiu)復《茅亭客(ke)話》有(you)一則記(ji)載,其內(nei)容大致是(shi)(shi)說孟(meng)昶(chang)初年,徐(xu)光溥家(jia)水井(jing)中有(you)彩虹入井(jing)飲水,光溥的母親就說:王蜀(王建前蜀)時,有(you)彩虹入我們家(jia)水井(jing)中,王先主(王建)娶我們家(jia)女(nv)(nv)子(zi)為妃;今彩虹又入我家(jia),必定有(you)女(nv)(nv)子(zi)為妃后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),男子(zi)為將相,彩虹入井(jing)就是(shi)(shi)先兆。未過十天,她的女(nv)(nv)兒被選入后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)蜀宮中,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)來此(ci)女(nv)(nv)與(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)蜀皇帝孟(meng)昶(chang)一同降宋(song),她就是(shi)(shi)惠妃(即(ji)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)蜀花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)夫人(ren))。據此(ci),我們可以(yi)確切地(di)知道,前蜀花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)夫人(ren)與(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)蜀花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)夫人(ren)屬同一家(jia)族。有(you)學(xue)者更是(shi)(shi)詳細(xi)地(di)考證出王建的花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)夫人(ren)小徐(xu)妃就是(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)蜀花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)夫人(ren)的姑(gu)姑(gu)。
清(qing)人吳任臣編撰的《十國春(chun)秋》就有《慧妃徐氏傳》。
國(guo)亡(wang)家滅(mie),丈夫(fu)孟昶被趙匡胤毒殺(sha),她自己不得不委身(shen)殺(sha)夫(fu)仇人,每日里強顏歡笑,虛與委蛇,遭受身(shen)體與心(xin)靈的雙重摧(cui)殘,最(zui)后還是死(si)于非命(ming)。
關(guan)于花(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫人(ren)的死法(fa),史書上有(you)(you)兩種記載。一是死于趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)光(guang)義(yi)之手。北宋中期邵博(bo)的《聞見近(jin)錄》中說,一日趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)匡(kuang)(kuang)胤(yin)率親王和后(hou)宮宴(yan)射(she)于后(hou)苑,趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)匡(kuang)(kuang)胤(yin)舉酒勸趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)光(guang)義(yi)。趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)光(guang)義(yi)答道:“如果花(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫人(ren)能為(wei)(wei)我折(zhe)枝花(hua)(hua)來,我就飲酒。”趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)匡(kuang)(kuang)胤(yin)命花(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫人(ren)折(zhe)花(hua)(hua)時,趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)光(guang)義(yi)引弓將(jiang)她射(she)死,隨后(hou)流淚抱著趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)匡(kuang)(kuang)胤(yin)的腿說:“陛下(xia)(xia)方得(de)天下(xia)(xia),宜為(wei)(wei)社稷自重,遠離酒色!”趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)匡(kuang)(kuang)胤(yin)雖心中不(bu)快,卻沒有(you)(you)責怪他,而是“飲射(she)如故(gu)”。北宋末年的《鐵圍山叢談》則說,花(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫人(ren)歸宋后(hou),趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)光(guang)義(yi)也十分喜愛她,但(dan)無(wu)從得(de)手。一次(ci)從獵后(hou)苑,花(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)(rui)夫人(ren)在側,趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)光(guang)義(yi)“調弓矢,引滿擬獸(shou),忽回射(she)花(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)(rui),一箭而死”。
趙光義(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)何要殺她(ta),則有(you)三(san)種不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同解釋(shi)。一(yi)是趙光義(yi)高風亮節,以社稷(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧一(yi)切地清除(chu)他哥哥身(shen)邊(bian)的(de)“禍(huo)水”;二是趙光義(yi)出(chu)于羨(xian)慕嫉妒恨,我得不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到你也(ye)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)惜毀(hui)滅一(yi)代美(mei)女;三(san)是因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)花蕊夫(fu)人(ren)在設接(jie)班人(ren)問題上有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利于趙光義(yi)的(de)說法,趙光義(yi)挾嫌報復。第一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)原因(yin)(yin)基本不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)立(li),因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)趙光義(yi)自己就(jiu)(jiu)是個(ge)(ge)好色(se)之(zhi)(zhi)徒,他后來對(dui)南唐李煜的(de)小周后的(de)貪婪和強占,就(jiu)(jiu)是典(dian)型例證(zheng);第二條(tiao)(tiao)原因(yin)(yin)也(ye)有(you)些勉強,趙光義(yi)雖然垂涎(xian)花蕊夫(fu)人(ren)的(de)美(mei)色(se),但絕不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)美(mei)女而開罪趙匡胤,壞了自己的(de)接(jie)班大事;如此看來,第三(san)條(tiao)(tiao)原因(yin)(yin)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)靠譜(pu),沒接(jie)班前,趙光義(yi)表現得極為(wei)(wei)(wei)謙恭韜晦,低聲下(xia)氣,但他的(de)忍耐(nai)有(you)個(ge)(ge)底線,就(jiu)(jiu)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能影響他接(jie)班,否(fou)則,見鬼(gui)殺鬼(gui),見佛殺佛,毫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)手軟,最后不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是還留下(xia)燭(zhu)影斧聲的(de)千古之(zhi)(zhi)謎嗎?
花蕊(rui)夫人的(de)(de)第(di)二種死法,主要見于蔡東藩的(de)(de)《宋(song)史演義》,說是趙(zhao)匡(kuang)胤(yin)和花蕊(rui)夫人纏(chan)綿了(le)(le)幾年后,有(you)些審(shen)美疲勞,花蕊(rui)夫人也(ye)美色減退,趙(zhao)匡(kuang)胤(yin)就移(yi)情別戀,愛上了(le)(le)一個姓(xing)宋(song)的(de)(de)美女,“是時宋(song)氏年十七(qi),太(tai)祖(zu)年已四十有(you)二了(le)(le)。俗話說得好:‘癡心(xin)女子負(fu)心(xin)漢(han)’。那花蕊(rui)夫人本有(you)立后的(de)(de)希望(wang),自被宋(song)女奪去(qu)此席,倒也(ye)罷了(le)(le),誰(shui)知太(tai)祖(zu)的(de)(de)愛情,也(ye)移(yi)到宋(song)女身(shen)上去(qu),長門(men)漏靜,誰(shui)解寂寥(liao)?痛(tong)故(gu)國之(zhi)云亡,悵新朝之(zhi)失寵,因悲成(cheng)病,徒落得水流花謝,玉殞香消。”
蔡東藩的東西(xi),喜渲染夸張,輕史(shi)料考證(zheng),雖可(ke)讀性強,但失(shi)之(zhi)于(yu)嚴謹(jin),姑妄聽之(zhi)吧。相比(bi)較而言,花蕊夫人死于(yu)趙(zhao)光義之(zhi)手還是比(bi)較靠譜(pu)些。
1994 電視劇 《碧血青(qing)天珍珠(zhu)旗》 李雪(xue)慜/南紅
1996 電視劇 《大宋王朝趙匡胤(yin)》 王亞(ya)梅
2005 電視(shi)劇 《問(wen)君能有幾多(duo)愁》 劉濤
2015 電視劇(ju) 《大宋(song)傳奇之趙匡胤(yin)》 殷桃