葉小鸞(1616~1632) 明末才女。字瓊章,一字瑤期,吳(wu)江(jiang)(今屬江(jiang)蘇蘇州)人,文學(xue)家葉紹袁、沈宜修幼女。貌姣好,工詩,善圍棋及(ji)琴,又能畫,繪山(shan)水及(ji)落花飛碟,皆有(you)韻致,將嫁而卒,有(you)集(ji)名《返生香(xiang)》。
父葉(xie)紹袁,天啟進士,官工(gong)部主事;母沈宜(yi)(yi)修(xiu)(xiu),字宛君,均(jun)工(gong)詩詞(ci),偕隱分湖。小(xiao)鸞為沈宜(yi)(yi)修(xiu)(xiu)的第三個女兒,剛出(chu)生時,宜(yi)(yi)修(xiu)(xiu)念(nian)及(ji)家貧乏乳(ru)也念(nian)及(ji)表(biao)妹張倩(qian)倩(qian)子女俱亡,將(jiang)小(xiao)鸞送予沈自征、張倩(qian)倩(qian)撫(fu)養。小(xiao)鸞靈慧早(zao)熟,工(gong)于詩律。“三四(si)歲,口授《萬首唐人(ren)絕(jue)句》及(ji)《花間(jian)》、《草堂》諸詞(ci),皆朗然成誦(song),終卷不遺一字。”10歲時養母去世遂歸葉(xie)家,能(neng)(neng)成妙對,12歲濃(nong)發覆額,體質修(xiu)(xiu)長(chang),娟(juan)好如(ru)玉人(ren);隨(sui)父到了金陵,教之學詠(yong),遂從(cong)此能(neng)(neng)詩,多佳句。14歲能(neng)(neng)弈(yi)棋,16歲善(shan)彈琴,清泠可聽。又(you)擅(shan)繪畫,摹山水,寫花蝶,書法亦秀(xiu)勁(jing)。
小鸞(luan)性格高曠,厭繁(fan)華,愛煙霞,通禪理。自恃(shi)穎姿,視(shi)金錢若(ruo)污物,淡然無求,而(er)濟楚清雅(ya),所最喜矣。能飲酒,善言笑,瀟灑多(duo)致,高情曠達,仁慈(ci)寬厚。許(xu)配昆山張維魯長子立平為妻(qi),婚(hun)前五日,未嫁而(er)卒,時年僅十七歲(虛歲)。七日入棺,舉體輕盈。家人咸以(yi)為仙(xian)去。其(qi)姐葉(xie)紈紈因(yin)妹(mei)逝(shi),歸哭過哀,病發而(er)死。
葉小(xiao)鸞墓在葉家埭東南一(yi)里多的大富圩。葉小(xiao)鸞歿于(yu)明崇禎(zhen)五年(1632年)十(shi)月(yue)十(shi)一(yi)日,年僅十(shi)七歲,離婚(hun)期只剩五天。
1923年,柳亞子與沈長(chang)公訪小(xiao)鸞(luan)(luan)墓(mu),并寫了(le)一(yi)首《葉(xie)瓊章墓(mu)道歌》,表(biao)示想在墓(mu)地旁種下萬株梅花。后來(lai),經柳亞子、葉(xie)楚傖等的(de)提議及(ji)捐助,寶(bao)生庵得以恢復原貌。墓(mu)碑(bei)上“葉(xie)小(xiao)鸞(luan)(luan)之(zhi)墓(mu)”由(you)葉(xie)氏族長(chang)葉(xie)藜仙題(ti)寫。
1958年,修建318國道時墓(mu)遭到嚴重破壞(huai)。1982年文(wen)物(wu)普查,發(fa)現了在生(sheng)產隊倉庫(ku)的墓(mu)碑(bei)。這(zhe)塊墓(mu)碑(bei)現在保存(cun)于張應(ying)春烈士紀念館(guan)。
小(xiao)鸞有集名《返生(sheng)香》,收詩103首(shou)(shou)、偈(jie)1首(shou)(shou)、詞90首(shou)(shou)、曲1首(shou)(shou)、擬連珠9首(shou)(shou)、序1篇、偈(jie)2篇。
陳維崧《婦人集》評葉氏三(san)女才調以“瓊章尤(you)英(ying)徹,如玉(yu)山之映人,詩詞絕(jue)有思致”。
胡文(wen)(wen)楷《歷代(dai)婦(fu)女著作考》卷五曰:“七占(zhan)及(ji)絕(jue)句,視姊為勝。詩(shi)徐清麗相當,而時有至語。擬其態(tai)制,正(zheng)如花紅雪白,光悅宜人。而一語纏綿,復(fu)耐(nai)人尋咀(ju)。驕麗之文(wen)(wen),涉筆(bi)便(bian)工。”
王端(duan)淑《名媛詩緯(wei)》說:”詞家(jia)口頭(tou)語(yu),正(zheng)寫(xie)不出,在筆尖頭(tou);寫(xie)得出便(bian)輕松(song)流麗,淡(dan)處(chu)見濃,閑處(chu)耐想,足(zu)以供人咀味。何必蘇、劉、秦、柳(liu)始稱上(shang)品?”
陳廷焯《白(bai)雨齋詞話》卷(juan)二曰(yue)(yue):“葉(xie)(xie)小鸞詞筆哀艷,不(bu)減朱淑(shu)(shu)真(zhen)。求諸(zhu)明代(dai)作(zuo)者,尤不(bu)易見也。”卷(juan)五(wu)曰(yue)(yue):“閨秀工為詞者,前有李(li)易安(an),后則徐湘萍,明末(mo)葉(xie)(xie)小鸞較(jiao)勝于朱淑(shu)(shu)真(zhen),可為李(li)、徐之亞。”
沈(shen)宜修(xiu)《季女瓊章傳》
女名小鸞,字瓊章,又字瑤期,余(yu)第三女也。生才(cai)六月(yue),即撫(fu)于君庸舅家。明(ming)年春,余(yu)父自東魯(lu)掛冠(guan)歸,余(yu)歸寧,值兒周歲,頗穎秀。妗母即余(yu)表妹張氏,端麗(li)明(ming)智人也,數向余(yu)言(yan),是兒靈慧,后日當齊班蔡,姿容亦非尋常比者(zhe)。
四歲,能(neng)誦《離騷》。不數遍(bian),即能(neng)了了。又令識字,他日故以謬戲(xi)之(zhi),兒(er)(er)云:“非也,母誤耶?”舅與妗甚憐愛之(zhi)。十歲歸家,時(shi)初寒(han),清(qing)燈夜(ye)坐,檻外風竹瀟(xiao)瀟(xiao),簾前月明如晝。余(yu)因(yin)(yin)語(yu)云:“桂寒(han)清(qing)露濕。”兒(er)(er)即應云:“楓冷亂紅(hong)凋。”爾時(shi)喜其敏(min)捷,有柳絮因(yin)(yin)風之(zhi)思 。悲(bei)夫!豈(qi)竟為不壽之(zhi)征(zheng)乎?
后遭妗母之(zhi)變,舅又(you)久滯燕都,每言念顧復之(zhi)情(qing),無不唏噓泣下。兒(er)(er)體質姣長,十(shi)二歲發已(yi)覆(fu)額,娟(juan)好(hao)如玉人(ren)。隨父(fu)金(jin)陵,覽長干桃葉,教(jiao)之(zhi)學詠,遂(sui)從此(ci)能(neng)詩(shi)。今檢遺篋中,無復一(yi)存,想以(yi)小時語未(wei)工,兒(er)(er)自棄去邪?十(shi)四歲能(neng)弈。十(shi)六歲有(you)族姑善(shan)琴(qin),略為指教(jiao),即通數調,清泠(ling)可聽,嵇康所(suo)云“英聲(sheng)發越,采采粲粲”也。家有(you)畫(hua)卷,即能(neng)摹寫。今夏,君牧弟以(yi)畫(hua)扇寄(ji)余,兒(er)(er)仿之(zhi)甚似(si)。又(you)見(jian)藤(teng)箋(jian)上作落花飛(fei)蝶,甚有(you)風雅之(zhi)致。但(dan)無師傳授,又(you)學未(wei)久, 不能(neng)精(jing)工耳。
性高曠,厭繁華,愛(ai)(ai)煙霞,通禪理。自恃(shi)穎姿,嘗言欲(yu)博(bo)盡今古,為(wei)父所(suo)鐘愛(ai)(ai)。然于姊妹中,略無恃(shi)愛(ai)(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)色(se)。或有所(suo)與,必與兩姊共之(zhi)(zhi)。然貧(pin)士所(suo)與,不(bu)過(guo)紙(zhi)筆書香而(er)已。衣服不(bu)喜新,即今年春夏來,余制羅衫裙(qun)(qun)幾件(jian),為(wei)更其(qi)舊者,竟不(bu)見著。至死時(shi)檢之(zhi)(zhi),猶未(wei)開折也,其(qi)性儉如此。因結褵將近,家(jia)貧(pin)無所(suo)措(cuo)辦,父為(wei)百計營貸。兒意(yi)甚(shen)不(bu)樂,謂荊釵裙(qun)(qun)布,貧(pin)士之(zhi)(zhi)常,父何(he)自苦為(wei)。然又非纖嗇(se),視金(jin)錢若浼,淡然無求,而(er)濟楚清雅,所(suo)最喜矣。
兒(er)(er)鬒發素額,修(xiu)眉玉頰,丹唇皓齒,端鼻媚靨,明眸(mou)善睞(lai),秀色可餐,無妖艷之(zhi)(zhi)態(tai),無脂粉之(zhi)(zhi)氣。比(bi)梅花,覺梅花太瘦;比(bi)海(hai)(hai)棠,覺海(hai)(hai)棠少清。故名為(wei)豐麗(li),實是逸韻(yun)風生。若謂(wei)有(you)(you)韻(yun)致人(ren)。不(bu)(bu)免輕佻,則又端嚴莊(zhuang)靚(jing)。總之(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)夫人(ren)林(lin)下之(zhi)(zhi)風,顧(gu)家婦閨房之(zhi)(zhi)秀,兼有(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。父(fu)嘗戲謂(wei)兒(er)(er)有(you)(you)絕世之(zhi)(zhi)姿,兒(er)(er)必(bi)慍(yun)曰(yue):“女子(zi)傾城之(zhi)(zhi)色,何所(suo)取貴(gui),父(fu)何必(bi)加之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)兒(er)(er)?”己巳十四歲,與余同過舅(jiu)家,歸時(shi)君晦舅(jiu)贈兒(er)(er)詩,有(you)(you)“南國無雙應自貴(gui),北方(fang)獨立詎(ju)為(wei)慚(can),飛去廣(guang)寒身似許(xu),比(bi)來玉帳貌如甘”之(zhi)(zhi)句,皆非(fei)兒(er)(er)意(yi)中所(suo)悅(yue)也。一(yi)日曉起,立余床(chuang)前(qian),面酥未洗,宿發未梳,風韻(yun)神致,亭亭無比(bi)。余戲謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“兒(er)(er)嗔人(ren)贊汝(ru)色美,今粗服亂頭,尚且如此,真所(suo)謂(wei)笑笑生芳,步步生妍矣,我(wo)見猶憐,未知(zhi)畫(hua)眉人(ren)道汝(ru)何如?”悲夫!孰意(yi)兒(er)(er)床(chuang)前(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)立今不(bu)(bu)復見,夫婦不(bu)(bu)得一(yi)識面乎!
作詩不喜(xi)作艷語,集中(zhong)(zhong)或有艷句,是詠物(wu)之興,填(tian)詞之體(ti),如(ru)秦少游、晏(yan)小山代(dai)閨人為之耳(er)。如(ru)夢中(zhong)(zhong)所作《鷓鴣天》,此其志也(ye)。每日(ri)臨王子敬《洛(luo)神賦》,或懷素(su)草(cao)書(shu),不分寒(han)暑,靜(jing)坐(zuo)北窗下,一爐香相對終(zhong)日(ri)。余喚之出中(zhong)(zhong)庭,方出,否則默默與琴書(shu)為伴(ban)而已。其愛清幽 恬寂(ji),有過人者(zhe)。又最不喜(xi)拘檢(jian),能飲酒,善言笑,瀟灑多致,高情(qing)曠達(da),夷然不屑也(ye)。
性仁慈寬(kuan)厚。侍女紅于,未曾一加(jia)呵(he)責(ze)。識鑒(jian)明達,不拘今昔間(jian)事,言下(xia)即了然徹解(jie)。或有所評論,定出余之上。余曰:“汝(ru)非我女,我小(xiao)友也。”
九月十(shi)五日(ri)(ri)粥后,猶(you)教(jiao)六弟世倌暨幼妹小繁讀《楚辭》。即是日(ri)(ri),婿家(jia)行催(cui)妝禮至,而兒(er)(er)即于(yu)(yu)是夕病(bing)矣。于(yu)(yu)歸已(yi)(yi)近(jin),竟成不(bu)起之疾。十(shi)月十(shi)日(ri)(ri),父不(bu)得(de)已(yi)(yi),許婿來(lai)就婚,即至房中(zhong)對兒(er)(er)云:“我已(yi)(yi)許彼矣,努(nu)力自攝,無誤佳期(qi)。”兒(er)(er)默默然。父出,即喚紅(hong)于(yu)(yu)問曰(yue):“今日(ri)(ri)何日(ri)(ri) ?”云十(shi)月初十(shi)。兒(er)(er)嘆(tan)曰(yue):“如(ru)此甚速(su),如(ru)何來(lai)得(de)及。”未(wei)免以病(bing)未(wei)有起色(se),婿家(jia)催(cui)迫為焦(jiao)耳。不(bu)意(yi)至次(ci)日(ri)(ri)天(tian)明,遂(sui)有此慘(can)禍(huo)也。聞(wen)(wen)病(bing)者(zhe)體(ti)重(zhong)則危,兒(er)(er)雖(sui)憊,舉體(ti)輕便,神(shen)氣(qi)清爽。臨終略無惛(hun)迷之色(se),會欲起坐,余恐久(jiu)病(bing)無力,不(bu)禁勞動,扶枕余臂間(jian),星眸(mou)炯(jiong)炯(jiong),念佛之聲,明朗清徹,須臾而逝。余并呼數聲,兒(er)(er)已(yi)(yi)不(bu)復(fu)聞(wen)(wen)矣。
初(chu)見(jian)兒之(zhi)死也,驚悼(dao)不(bu)知所(suo)出,肝腸裂盡,血淚(lei)成枯。后徐思之(zhi),兒豈凡骨,若非瑤島玉女,必靈鷲之(zhi)侍者,應是(shi)再來(lai)人,豈能久居塵世耶(ye)?死后日(ri)夜望其再生,故至七日(ri)方入殮。雖芳容消瘦已(yi)甚,面光猶雪,唇紅如故。余含淚(lei)書“瓊章(zhang)”二字臂上,尚柔白(bai)可(ke)愛,但(dan)骨瘦冰冷耳(er),痛(tong)哉!
初,兒(er)輩在(zai)外塾各(ge)有(you)紙(zhi)記遍,余仿樣以(yi)木為之,取其(qi)不易損壞。茲九月初,兒(er)亦請作一(yi)面(mian),手書其(qi)上“石徑春風長綠(lv)苔”一(yi)句。問之,曰:“兒(er)酷愛此語。”爾時不覺,今(jin)憶之,乃劉商(shang)詩(shi),上句是“仙(xian)人來往行無跡”也(ye)。豈(qi)非(fei)讖乎?兒(er)真仙(xian)去無疑矣。
十一(yi)(yi)月(yue)初二(er)夜,五兒(er)世儋夢(meng)(meng)見(jian)兒(er)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)深(shen)松(song)茂(mao)柏茅(mao)庵中憑幾閱(yue)書(shu),幅巾淡服(fu),神色怡暢。傍有烹茶(cha)人,不許五兒(er)入戶(hu),隔窗與語(yu)而別。五兒(er)尚幼(you),故但能憶(yi)夢(meng)(meng)境,不復憶(yi)所語(yu)也。五兒(er)云:“山名亦恍(huang)恍(huang)若憶(yi),覺(jue)后忘之。”后數日,大(da)兒(er)世佺。亦夢(meng)(meng)見(jian)以松(song)實數合(he)相遺。余(yu)(yu)記(ji)陳子昂詩,有“還(huan)逢赤松(song)子,天路坐(zuo)相邀”之句。兒(er)之夙慧異常,當果為(wei)仙都(dou)邀去耳。或有譏余(yu)(yu)妄(wang)言(yan),效古(gu)《長(chang)恨歌》之說。嗚(wu)呼!愛女(nv)一(yi)(yi)死,痛腸難盡,淚眼追思,實實寫出,豈效才人作小說欺世邪?
兒生于丙(bing)辰(chen)年三月初八日(ri)卯時(shi),卒于崇(chong)禎壬申年十(shi)月十(shi)一日(ri)卯時(shi),年十(shi)有七歲,許字昆(kun)山張(zhang)家,婿名立平(ping),長我女一歲,蚤(zao)有文譽,卜于是月十(shi)六日(ri)成婚,先期五(wu)日(ri)而卒,夫婦不(bu)及一相見。余(yu)所未(wei)經之(zhi)慘,恐亦世間(jian)未(wei)有之(zhi)事(shi),傷(shang)哉痛(tong)哉!此肝腸寸(cun)碎中(zhong)略記一二,不(bu)能盡述也。
彭際清《善女人傳》
字瓊章,吳(wu)江人(ren),工部(bu)郎(lang)中葉紹袁(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)季女(nv)(nv)(nv)也。母(mu)(mu)沈(shen)(shen)氏,名(ming)宜修,伯(bo)姊名(ming)紈(wan)(wan)(wan)紈(wan)(wan)(wan),俱工詞翰。紈(wan)(wan)(wan)紈(wan)(wan)(wan)嫁趙田袁(yuan)氏,日(ri)誦佛經。年(nian)(nian)二(er)十(shi)三(san)(san),得(de)疾,危坐唱(chang)佛名(ming)而逝。小(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)(luan)四歲(sui)(sui)能誦《楚辭》,十(shi)二(er)歲(sui)(sui)能詩(shi),稍(shao)長能鼓琴。好臨子(zi)敬《洛神賦》及《藏真帖》。焚香(xiang)宴坐,灑如(ru)也。年(nian)(nian)十(shi)七(qi)字于(yu)(yu)張生(sheng)。行有(you)(you)日(ri)矣,俄而有(you)(you)疾,佛聲(sheng)朗(lang)然,須(xu)臾化去(qu)。七(qi)日(ri)就(jiu)木(mu),舉體(ti)輕軟。事(shi)在(zai)崇禎五年(nian)(nian)。吳(wu)門有(you)(you)神降于(yu)(yu)乩,自言天(tian)臺(tai)(tai)泐子(zi),在(zai)陳隋(sui)間為(wei)智(zhi)者大(da)師(shi)弟子(zi),已(yi)而轉女(nv)(nv)(nv)人(ren)身,墮鬼神道(dao)。遇大(da)師(shi)接(jie)引,頓悟宿(su)因,遂(sui)(sui)借乩示(shi)現,闡天(tian)臺(tai)(tai)止觀法門。時紹袁(yuan)甚念(nian)小(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)(luan),遂(sui)(sui)迎(ying)泐師(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)。以小(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)(luan)問(wen)(wen)。師(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“此月(yue)府(fu)(fu)侍(shi)書女(nv)(nv)(nv)也,其名(ming)寒簧。”問(wen)(wen)今(jin)(jin)在(zai)何處(chu)。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“緱(gou)山仙府(fu)(fu)。”問(wen)(wen)可(ke)招之(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)乎。師(shi)初不(bu)(bu)可(ke),再三(san)(san)請而后許之(zhi)(zhi)。小(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)(luan)至(zhi)(zhi),紹袁(yuan)問(wen)(wen)以去(qu)來事(shi)。小(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)(luan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“菩(pu)(pu)薩有(you)(you)變易生(sheng)死,眾(zhong)生(sheng)有(you)(you)分(fen)段生(sheng)死,兒猶在(zai)分(fen)段中。去(qu)時但見金童(tong)玉(yu)女(nv)(nv)(nv),建紫(zi)金幢(chuang),赤(chi)珊瑚節,大(da)紅(hong)流蘇結為(wei)臺(tai)(tai)閣。赤(chi)猊駕橋,赤(chi)虬驂乘。爾時殊樂(le),不(bu)(bu)知苦也。”問(wen)(wen)答(da)未竟,師(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“無(wu)(wu)(wu)明緣(yuan)(yuan)行,行緣(yuan)(yuan)識,識緣(yuan)(yuan)名(ming)色(se),名(ming)色(se)緣(yuan)(yuan)六入,六入緣(yuan)(yuan)觸(chu),觸(chu)緣(yuan)(yuan)受(shou),受(shou)緣(yuan)(yuan)愛,愛緣(yuan)(yuan)取(qu),取(qu)緣(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)有(you)(you)緣(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)。生(sheng)緣(yuan)(yuan)老死憂悲苦惱,君諦聽之(zhi)(zhi),我當(dang)細(xi)講。”停(ting)乩良久,師(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“善(shan)哉(zai)!割愛第(di)一(yi)(yi)。”小(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)(luan)作詩(shi)呈(cheng)師(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“弱水(shui)安能制毒龍,竿(gan)頭一(yi)(yi)轉拜(bai)師(shi)功。從(cong)今(jin)(jin)別卻芙蓉(rong)主(zhu),永侍(shi)猊床(chuang)沐下風。”且曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“愿從(cong)大(da)師(shi)受(shou)記,不(bu)(bu)復往(wang)仙府(fu)(fu)矣。”師(shi)因為(wei)審戒,問(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)殺否(fou)(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。”師(shi)問(wen)(wen)如(ru)何。答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)呼小(xiao)(xiao)玉(yu)除(chu)花(hua)(hua)虱,也遣(qian)輕紈(wan)(wan)(wan)壞蜨衣。”問(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)盜否(fou)(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。不(bu)(bu)知新綠誰(shui)家(jia)樹,怪底清簫何處(chu)聲(sheng)。”問(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)淫否(fou)(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。晚(wan)鏡偷窺眉曲(qu)曲(qu),春(chun)裙(qun)親(qin)繡鳥雙(shuang)雙(shuang)。”問(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)妄言否(fou)(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。自謂(wei)前生(sheng)歡喜地(di),詭云今(jin)(jin)坐辯才天(tian)。”問(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)綺語(yu)否(fou)(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。團香(xiang)制就(jiu)夫人(ren)字,鏤雪裝成幼婦詞。”問(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)兩(liang)舌(she)否(fou)(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。對(dui)月(yue)意添愁喜句,拈花(hua)(hua)評出(chu)短(duan)長謠。”問(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)惡(e)口否(fou)(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。生(sheng)怕(pa)簾開譏燕子(zi),為(wei)憐花(hua)(hua)謝(xie)罵東風。”問(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)貪(tan)否(fou)(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。經營緗帙(zhi)成千軸,辛苦鶯花(hua)(hua)滿一(yi)(yi)庭。”問(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)嗔否(fou)(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。怪他道(dao)蘊敲枯硯,薄彼崔徽撲玉(yu)釵。”問(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)癡否(fou)(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。勉棄珠環收(shou)漢玉(yu),戲捐粉盒(he)葬花(hua)(hua)魂。”師(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“善(shan)哉(zai)!子(zi)所犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)者,獨綺語(yu)一(yi)(yi)戒耳(er)。”遂(sui)(sui)與(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)戒,名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“智(zhi)斷(duan)(duan)”。小(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)(luan)問(wen)(wen)何謂(wei)智(zhi)。師(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“有(you)(you)道(dao)種(zhong)智(zhi),一(yi)(yi)切(qie)智(zhi),一(yi)(yi)切(qie)種(zhong)智(zhi)。”又問(wen)(wen)何謂(wei)斷(duan)(duan)。師(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“斷(duan)(duan)見思(si)惑,斷(duan)(duan)塵沙惑,斷(duan)(duan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)明惑。三(san)(san)智(zhi)應修,三(san)(san)惑應斷(duan)(duan)。菩(pu)(pu)薩有(you)(you)智(zhi)德(de),有(you)(you)斷(duan)(duan)德(de)。智(zhi)、斷(duan)(duan)者,菩(pu)(pu)薩之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)德(de)也。”小(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)(luan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“菩(pu)(pu)薩以無(wu)(wu)(wu)所得(de),故得(de)。應以無(wu)(wu)(wu)所斷(duan)(duan),故斷(duan)(duan)。”師(shi)驚曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾不(bu)(bu)敢以神仙待子(zi)也,可(ke)謂(wei)迥絕(jue)無(wu)(wu)(wu)際(ji)矣。”遂(sui)(sui)字之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“絕(jue)際(ji)”。其年(nian)(nian)秋沈(shen)(shen)宜人(ren)亦(yi)逝。明年(nian)(nian)四月(yue),紹袁(yuan)再邀師(shi),師(shi)引沈(shen)(shen)氏及紈(wan)(wan)(wan)紈(wan)(wan)(wan)、小(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)(luan)偕至(zhi)(zhi)。時師(shi)開無(wu)(wu)(wu)葉堂(tang),度(du)諸女(nv)(nv)(nv)人(ren)夙(su)有(you)(you)慧根者,沈(shen)(shen)宜人(ren)母(mu)(mu)子(zi)俱從(cong)師(shi)修凈業,注生(sheng)西(xi)方。既至(zhi)(zhi),聯吟古詩(shi)一(yi)(yi)首。紹袁(yuan)問(wen)(wen):“小(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)(luan)在(zai)緱(gou)山,有(you)(you)詩(shi)作否(fou)(fou)。”答(da)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“世法無(wu)(wu)(wu)常,念(nian)念(nian)滅盡,如(ru)石火水(shui)沫,我寧為(wei)其動搖哉(zai)。倘(tang)到處(chu)留跡(ji),不(bu)(bu)已(yi)勞乎?”將別,復告(gao)父(fu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“父(fu)還要(yao)眼(yan)明手快,倩種(zhong)愁苗,乃八獄之(zhi)(zhi)本,一(yi)(yi)刀割絕(jue),立(li)地(di)清涼。”遂(sui)(sui)去(qu)。紹袁(yuan)敘其事(shi),名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)《窈聞》(出(chu)《午夢堂(tang)集(ji)》)。
【己巳春(chun)哭沈六(liu)舅母墓所(suo)】
十載恩難報,重泉哭不聞(wen)。
年年春草色,腸斷(duan)一孤墳。
【詠梅二首】
堪笑西園桃李花,強將脂(zhi)粉媚(mei)春華。
疏香獨對枝梢(shao)月,深(shen)院朦朧瘦影斜。
傲骨欺(qi)霜映碧綺,數竿修(xiu)竹伴清幽。
年年燕子無(wu)消(xiao)息(xi),春信誰(shui)將寄隴頭。
【南(nan)歌(ge)子(zi)·秋夜】
門掩瑤(yao)琴靜,窗消畫卷閑。半庭(ting)香霧(wu)繞闌干(gan)。一帶淡煙紅樹、隔(ge)樓看。
云散(san)青天瘦,風(feng)來翠袖寒。嫦娥眉又小檀彎。照得(de)滿階花影(ying)、只(zhi)難(nan)攀。
【虞美(mei)人·看花(hua)】
闌干曲護閑庭(ting)小,猶恐春寒悄。隔墻影(ying)繞一枝紅,卻(que)是杏花(hua)消瘦、舊(jiu)東風。
海棠睡去梨花(hua)褪,欲語渾難問。只知婀娜共爭(zheng)妍,不道有人為伊、惜流(liu)年。
【虞美人(ren)·殘燈】
深深一點紅光小,薄縷(lv)微(wei)煙裊。錦屏斜背漢宮中(zhong),曾照阿嬌金屋、淚痕濃。
朦朧(long)穗落輕煙散(san),顧影渾(hun)無伴。愴然午夜漫凝思(si),恰(qia)似去(qu)年秋夜、雨窗時。
【汾湖石記】
汾(fen)(fen)湖石者,蓋(gai)得之于(yu)汾(fen)(fen)湖也。其(qi)時水落(luo)而岸高,流涸(he)而崖(ya)出。有(you)人曰:湖之湄有(you)石焉,累累然而多,遂(sui)命(ming)舟(zhou)致(zhi)之。
其大(da)小圓缺,袤尺不一。其色則蒼然(ran)(ran),其狀(zhuang)則崟然(ran)(ran),皆可愛(ai)也。詢其居旁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,亦不知(zhi)誰(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所遺矣。豈其昔為繁華(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所,以年代邈遠,故湮沒(mei)而(er)(er)無聞耶?抑開辟以來,石(shi)固生(sheng)于茲(zi)水者耶?若其生(sheng)于茲(zi)水,今不過遇而(er)(er)出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也;若其昔為繁華(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所湮沒(mei)而(er)(er)無聞者,則可悲甚(shen)矣。想其人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)植(zhi)此石(shi)也,必有花木隱映(ying),池臺依倚(yi),歌童與舞女流連,游客偕(xie)騷人嘯詠(yong)。林壑交美,煙霞有主(zhu),不亦游觀(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樂乎?今皆不知(zhi)化為何物矣。且并頹(tui)(tui)垣廢井、荒涂(tu)舊址之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)跡,一無可存(cun)而(er)(er)考之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),獨(du)茲(zi)石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)頹(tui)(tui)乎臥(wo)于湖側,不知(zhi)其幾百(bai)年也,而(er)(er)今出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不亦悲哉!
雖然,當夫流(liu)波之(zhi)(zhi)沖(chong)激而(er)(er)(er)奔排,魚蝦(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)游(you)泳而(er)(er)(er)窟(ku)穴(xue),秋風(feng)吹蘆花之(zhi)(zhi)瑟瑟,寒(han)宵(xiao)唳征雁之(zhi)(zhi)嘹嘹,槍(qiang)煙白(bai)露(lu),蒹葭(jia)無際(ji)(ji),釣(diao)艇漁(yu)帆,吹橫笛而(er)(er)(er)出沒;萍鈿荇帶,雜(za)黛螺(luo)而(er)(er)(er)縈覆,則此石之(zhi)(zhi)存于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天地之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)也(ye),其(qi)殆與湖之(zhi)(zhi)水冷落于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無窮已(yi)耶?今(jin)乃一旦羅之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庭,復(fu)使(shi)壘之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)為山,蔭(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)以茂樹,披之(zhi)(zhi)以蒼苔,雜(za)紅英之(zhi)(zhi)璀璨,紛素(su)蕊之(zhi)(zhi)芬芳,細草春碧,明月秋朗,翠微繚繞于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)巔(dian),飛花點綴于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)巖(yan)。乃至楹檻之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),登高臺而(er)(er)(er)送歸云;窗(chuang)軒(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)際(ji)(ji),照(zhao)遐景(jing)而(er)(er)(er)生清風(feng)。回思(si)昔之(zhi)(zhi)嘯詠,流(liu)連游(you)觀之(zhi)(zhi)樂者,不(bu)(bu)又(you)復(fu)見之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)今(jin)乎(hu)?則是石之(zhi)(zhi)沈于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水者可(ke)悲,今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)遇而(er)(er)(er)出之(zhi)(zhi)者,又(you)可(ke)喜也(ye)。若(ruo)使(shi)水不(bu)(bu)落,潮(chao)不(bu)(bu)涸,則至今(jin)猶(you)埋于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)層(ceng)波之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)耳。石固亦有時也(ye)哉(zai)!
注釋:
汾湖:在(zai)江(jiang)蘇省吳江(jiang)縣東(dong)南。湄:指(zhi)(zhi)湖的(de)岸(an)邊(bian),水(shui)與草交接的(de)地方。袤尺(chi):指(zhi)(zhi)長短尺(chi)寸。崟(yín)然:石頭高聳的(de)樣子(zi)。嘹(liao)嘹(liao):形容(rong)雁鳴的(de)聲音,響亮而(er)悠長。