冉(ran)閔(min)是后(hou)(hou)趙武帝石虎的(de)養孫。冉(ran)閔(min)的(de)父親冉(ran)良,字弘武,是魏郡(jun)內黃(huang)(今河南內黃(huang)西北(bei))人(ren)。其祖先曾(ceng)任漢(han)朝黎陽騎都督,家族(zu)世代擔任牙門將。后(hou)(hou)趙明(ming)帝石勒(le)擊敗陳午,俘獲冉(ran)良,當時冉(ran)良十二歲,石勒(le)命石虎收(shou)他為(wei)(wei)養子,并(bing)改名為(wei)(wei)石瞻。冉(ran)良勇猛(meng)多力,攻戰無敵。歷任左積射將軍(jun),封西華侯。
冉(ran)閔(min)年(nian)幼時就(jiu)果斷敏銳,石虎很寵愛(ai)他(ta)(ta),如同對待自己孫(sun)子們一樣(yang)撫養他(ta)(ta)。冉(ran)閔(min)成(cheng)年(nian)后(hou)(hou),身高八尺(chi),驍勇(yong)(yong)善戰,勇(yong)(yong)力過人,多(duo)計謀。授任建(jian)節將軍,改封修成(cheng)侯,歷(li)任北(bei)中郎將、游(you)擊將軍。咸康四年(nian)(后(hou)(hou)趙建(jian)武(wu)四年(nian),338年(nian)),石虎在昌黎之戰中大敗(bai),后(hou)(hou)趙各路軍隊都棄甲(jia)潰逃,只(zhi)有冉(ran)閔(min)帶領的一支軍隊未遭創傷,由(you)此冉(ran)閔(min)威(wei)名大顯(xian)。
石虎回(hui)到鄴城(cheng)后,任命劉群為中書(shu)令、盧諶(chen)為中書(shu)侍郎。苻(fu)(fu)(fu)洪因功授任使(shi)持(chi)節、都(dou)督(du)六(liu)夷諸軍(jun)事(shi)、冠軍(jun)大(da)將軍(jun),封為西(xi)平郡(jun)公。冉(ran)閔對石虎說:“苻(fu)(fu)(fu)洪才智杰(jie)出,得到將士(shi)的拼死效力(li),他(ta)的兒(er)子們又都(dou)有非凡的才能,而(er)(er)且(qie)擁有強兵五萬(wan)人,駐屯在(zai)都(dou)城(cheng)近處,應當秘密地除(chu)掉他(ta)們,以(yi)安定國家。”石虎說:“我正倚仗他(ta)們父(fu)子攻(gong)取東(dong)吳和(he)巴蜀(shu),為何要殺死他(ta)們!”便沒(mei)有除(chu)掉苻(fu)(fu)(fu)洪,反而(er)(er)給苻(fu)(fu)(fu)洪的待遇愈加優(you)厚。
咸康五(wu)年(后趙建武(wu)五(wu)年,339年)八月,當時東(dong)晉(jin)征(zheng)西(xi)將(jiang)軍(jun)庾亮鎮守武(wu)昌,派(pai)豫州刺史(shi)毛寶(bao)、西(xi)陽(yang)太守樊峻戍(shu)守邾城(cheng)。石虎憎惡,任(ren)用夔(kui)(kui)安為大(da)都督,率領石鑒、冉閔、李農(nong)(nong)、張(zhang)貉、李菟五(wu)位將(jiang)軍(jun),兵眾(zhong)共五(wu)萬(wan)人侵犯荊(jing)州和揚州的(de)北部邊境,另派(pai)二萬(wan)騎兵進攻邾城(cheng)。毛寶(bao)向庾亮求救,庾亮認為邾城(cheng)城(cheng)池(chi)堅(jian)固,沒有及(ji)時派(pai)兵。九月,冉閔在沔南(nan)打(da)敗(bai)(bai)晉(jin)軍(jun),殺死(si)東(dong)晉(jin)將(jiang)軍(jun)蔡懷。夔(kui)(kui)安、李農(nong)(nong)攻陷沔南(nan),朱保(bao)在白石打(da)敗(bai)(bai)晉(jin)軍(jun),殺死(si)東(dong)晉(jin)鄭(zheng)豹等五(wu)位將(jiang)軍(jun)。張(zhang)貉攻下邾城(cheng),邾城(cheng)戰死(si)者有六千(qian)人。毛寶(bao)和樊峻突圍出(chu)逃,渡(du)江時溺(ni)水(shui)而(er)死(si)。
冉(ran)閔后來打敗(bai)梁(liang)犢,威(wei)望更高,胡、漢各(ge)族宿將無不畏懼他(ta)。
永和五年(nian)(后趙太(tai)寧(ning)元年(nian),349年(nian)),石(shi)(shi)虎去世(shi)(shi),太(tai)子石(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)即(ji)位(wei)。石(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)在(zai)位(wei)三(san)(san)十三(san)(san)天,石(shi)(shi)虎第九子石(shi)(shi)遵(zun)廢石(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)自立為帝。
當初(chu),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遵(zun)從(cong)李城出發(fa)時,曾對(dui)冉(ran)閔(min)(min)說:“努(nu)力吧!事(shi)情成功后(hou)(hou)(hou),讓(rang)你做太(tai)子。”不(bu)久卻立石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衍為(wei)皇(huang)太(tai)子,冉(ran)閔(min)(min)頗(po)感(gan)失望,自認(ren)為(wei)功高(gao)一(yi)(yi)時,企圖掌(zhang)握朝政,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遵(zun)顧忌這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)點而不(bu)能任用他(ta)。冉(ran)閔(min)(min)擔任都(dou)督后(hou)(hou)(hou),總(zong)管內外兵權,便安(an)撫殿中將士和原(yuan)東宮的高(gao)力一(yi)(yi)萬余人,把(ba)他(ta)們都(dou)申報為(wei)殿中員外將軍,進(jin)(jin)爵為(wei)關外侯,賜給他(ta)們宮女(nv),樹立自己的恩德。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遵(zun)并不(bu)懼怕他(ta),而更改(gai)了題名(ming)及其褒貶評價來抑制(zhi)冉(ran)閔(min)(min)的勢力,很多人都(dou)產生了怨氣。又采取了中書令孟(meng)準、左衛將軍王鸞的計策,對(dui)冉(ran)閔(min)(min)有幾(ji)分疑(yi)懼,漸漸奪取他(ta)的兵權。冉(ran)閔(min)(min)更加流(liu)露出不(bu)滿,孟(meng)準等人都(dou)勸(quan)諫石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遵(zun)殺(sha)掉冉(ran)閔(min)(min)。同年(349年)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遵(zun)召石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鑒(jian)等進(jin)(jin)宮,在(zai)鄭太(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)面前議論(lun)此事(shi),都(dou)請求殺(sha)冉(ran)閔(min)(min)。鄭太(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)說:“從(cong)李城回(hui)師進(jin)(jin)京(jing),若無(wu)冉(ran)閔(min)(min)豈(qi)能有今(jin)日!他(ta)略(lve)微有些(xie)驕(jiao)縱,不(bu)可動輒殺(sha)他(ta)。”石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鑒(jian)出宮后(hou)(hou)(hou),派宦官楊環馳馬報告(gao)冉(ran)閔(min)(min),冉(ran)閔(min)(min)旋(xuan)即劫持了李農及右衛王基(ji),密謀廢黜石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遵(zun)。指使將軍蘇亥、周成率領三十(shi)名(ming)甲士在(zai)如意觀拘(ju)捕石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遵(zun),并在(zai)琨華殿殺(sha)死(si)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遵(zun)。
石(shi)遵死后,石(shi)虎(hu)第(di)三(san)子石(shi)鑒(jian)即位,任命冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)為大(da)將軍(jun)、封(feng)武德王。當月(yue)(349年(nian)十(shi)一月(yue)),石(shi)鑒(jian)派遣石(shi)苞及中書令李松、殿中將軍(jun)張(zhang)才(cai)等人深(shen)夜(ye)在琨(kun)華殿殺掉冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)、李農,未能成功,宮(gong)中驚擾混亂。石(shi)鑒(jian)恐怕冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)叛(pan)亂,假裝(zhuang)不知此事(shi),連(lian)夜(ye)在西中華門斬了李松、張(zhang)才(cai),同(tong)時殺了石(shi)苞。 ?
此時石(shi)虎另一子(zi)石(shi)祗在襄國,與(yu)姚弋仲、苻洪等(deng)友(you)好往來,集結(jie)了(le)軍隊傳檄誅(zhu)討冉閔、李(li)農。石(shi)鑒任(ren)石(shi)琨為大都(dou)督,與(yu)張(zhang)舉及侍(shi)中(zhong)呼延盛率(lv)領七萬步騎兵分(fen)幾路討伐石(shi)祗等(deng)人。中(zhong)領軍石(shi)成、侍(shi)中(zhong)石(shi)啟、前河(he)東太(tai)守石(shi)暉謀劃誅(zhu)殺冉閔、李(li)農,冉閔、李(li)農把他們殺害。
當(dang)(dang)時,龍驤將軍孫(sun)(sun)伏都(dou)(dou)、劉銖等(deng)人(ren)(ren)集(ji)結了(le)(le)(le)三(san)千羯(jie)(jie)兵暗中(zhong)埋(mai)伏在(zai)胡(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)居住的區域,也想(xiang)(xiang)殺(sha)掉冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)等(deng)人(ren)(ren)。當(dang)(dang)時石(shi)鑒(jian)正在(zai)中(zhong)臺,孫(sun)(sun)伏都(dou)(dou)帶(dai)領(ling)三(san)十余人(ren)(ren)想(xiang)(xiang)登臺挾持石(shi)鑒(jian)而(er)發(fa)起進(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)。石(shi)鑒(jian)見孫(sun)(sun)伏都(dou)(dou)在(zai)破壞閣道,詢問原因。孫(sun)(sun)伏都(dou)(dou)說:“李(li)(li)農(nong)等(deng)人(ren)(ren)謀(mou)反(fan),已經聚集(ji)在(zai)東掖(ye)門(men)(men)(men)(men),我帶(dai)領(ling)著衛(wei)士(shi),謹先(xian)告(gao)知(zhi)你(ni)(ni)。”石(shi)鑒(jian)說:“你(ni)(ni)是(shi)功臣,好好為官(guan)效力。我從臺上觀望著你(ni)(ni),無須考(kao)慮(lv)尚未向我報告(gao)。”于(yu)是(shi)孫(sun)(sun)伏都(dou)(dou)及劉銖帶(dai)領(ling)士(shi)眾(zhong)攻(gong)打(da)冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)和李(li)(li)農(nong),未能獲(huo)勝,駐兵鳳陽門(men)(men)(men)(men)。冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)、李(li)(li)農(nong)帶(dai)著數(shu)千士(shi)卒毀壞了(le)(le)(le)金(jin)明(ming)門(men)(men)(men)(men)而(er)入(ru)宮。石(shi)鑒(jian)害怕冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)會(hui)殺(sha)了(le)(le)(le)自(zi)己,迅速招來冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)、李(li)(li)農(nong),打(da)開宮門(men)(men)(men)(men)接納(na)他(ta)們,對他(ta)們說:“孫(sun)(sun)伏都(dou)(dou)謀(mou)反(fan),你(ni)(ni)們應當(dang)(dang)立即討伐他(ta)。”冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)、李(li)(li)農(nong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)殺(sha)了(le)(le)(le)孫(sun)(sun)伏都(dou)(dou)等(deng),從鳳陽門(men)(men)(men)(men)至琨華殿(dian),橫尸遍(bian)地,血流成河。冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)發(fa)布命令告(gao)知(zhi)宮廷內(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai),六夷凡敢動用(yong)兵器(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)律(lv)斬(zhan)殺(sha)。胡(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)有的攻(gong)破城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men),有的越墻而(er)出,逃亡者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)可勝數(shu)。派尚書王簡、少府(fu)王郁率(lv)領(ling)數(shu)千士(shi)卒,在(zai)御龍觀看守石(shi)鑒(jian),食物都(dou)(dou)懸吊著給他(ta)吃。在(zai)城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)發(fa)令稱(cheng):“與官(guan)同(tong)(tong)心(xin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)留下,不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)心(xin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)聽任(ren)各自(zi)離(li)開。”命城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)再(zai)戒嚴。于(yu)是(shi)百里之內(nei)(nei)(nei)的趙(zhao)人(ren)(ren)都(dou)(dou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)城(cheng)來,離(li)城(cheng)而(er)去(qu)的胡(hu)(hu)羯(jie)(jie)也堵滿了(le)(le)(le)城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)明(ming)白胡(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)愿為己所用(yong),頒布命令告(gao)知(zhi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)趙(zhao)人(ren)(ren),斬(zhan)一(yi)(yi)個胡(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)首(shou)級(ji)送到鳳陽門(men)(men)(men)(men)的,凡文官(guan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)位三(san)等(deng),武(wu)職(zhi)都(dou)(dou)任(ren)牙門(men)(men)(men)(men)。一(yi)(yi)天(tian)之內(nei)(nei)(nei),殺(sha)了(le)(le)(le)數(shu)萬胡(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)。冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)親自(zi)率(lv)領(ling)趙(zhao)人(ren)(ren)誅殺(sha)胡(hu)(hu)羯(jie)(jie),不(bu)(bu)論貴賤男女少長一(yi)(yi)律(lv)殺(sha)頭,死者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)達二(er)十余萬,尸體在(zai)城(cheng)外(wai),全被(bei)野犬豺狼所吃。集(ji)居在(zai)四方的胡(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren),當(dang)(dang)地的軍隊依照冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)的命令殺(sha)了(le)(le)(le)他(ta)們,當(dang)(dang)時外(wai)表長得高鼻(bi)多須的人(ren)(ren)有一(yi)(yi)半(ban)因濫殺(sha)而(er)死。
永和六年(后(hou)趙(zhao)青龍元年,350年)正月,冉閔想徹(che)底消(xiao)除石氏(shi),以讖文中有“繼趙(zhao)李(li)”的(de)字樣為托辭,便(bian)更改(gai)國(guo)號為衛,改(gai)姓李(li)氏(shi),實(shi)行大赦,改(gai)年號為青龍。
石琨及張舉、王朗率領(ling)七(qi)萬士眾攻打鄴城(cheng),冉閔帶領(ling)千余(yu)騎兵,在城(cheng)北抵(di)抗他們(men)。冉閔手執兩刃矛(mao),飛(fei)馳進(jin)攻,對手應刃而敗,斬殺首級(ji)三千。
冉閔與李農(nong)帶領三萬騎兵到石瀆討(tao)伐張賀度(du)。閏二月,石鑒秘密(mi)派遣宦官(guan)送信(xin)召(zhao)張沈等(deng),讓他們乘虛襲擊鄴(ye)城。宦官(guan)把此事報告給(gei)冉閔、李農(nong),冉閔、李農(nong)馳馬速歸(gui),廢黜石鑒并(bing)殺了他,又殺害石虎孫(sun)三十(shi)八人,把石氏家族(zu)全部(bu)消滅。
同(tong)年(nian)(350年(nian)),冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)殺死(si)石鑒后,司徒申鐘、司空郎闐等(deng)四十八人(ren)尊冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)帝,冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)執(zhi)意讓(rang)給李農(nong),李農(nong)以死(si)來堅決(jue)請求冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)帝,于(yu)是冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)于(yu)南郊僭登帝位(wei),大赦天下囚犯,改年(nian)號為(wei)(wei)永興,國號大魏(wei),史稱冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)魏(wei),并恢復冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)姓。追(zhui)尊祖父冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)隆為(wei)(wei)元(yuan)皇(huang)(huang)帝,父親(qin)冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)瞻為(wei)(wei)烈祖高皇(huang)(huang)帝,尊母親(qin)王氏(shi)為(wei)(wei)皇(huang)(huang)太后,立其(qi)妻董氏(shi)為(wei)(wei)皇(huang)(huang)后,其(qi)子冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)智為(wei)(wei)皇(huang)(huang)太子。以李農(nong)為(wei)(wei)太宰、兼任(ren)太尉、錄尚書事,封(feng)為(wei)(wei)齊王,李農(nong)諸子都封(feng)為(wei)(wei)縣(xian)公。封(feng)其(qi)子冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)胤、冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)明、冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)裕(yu)為(wei)(wei)王。文官武(wu)將進三等(deng)官位(wei),封(feng)爵各有等(deng)級(ji)。派人(ren)持節赦免(mian)各地聚眾鬧事者,都不歸從。
石祗聽說石鑒已死(si),便在(zai)襄(xiang)國(guo)(今河北邢(xing)臺)僭位稱(cheng)帝,各夷據守州郡擁有兵力(li)的頭領(ling)紛紛響應。冉閔派遣使(shi)者到長江(jiang)岸邊(bian)報(bao)告東(dong)晉說:“叛逆(ni)的胡(hu)人擾亂(luan)了(le)(le)中(zhong)原,如(ru)今已消(xiao)滅了(le)(le)他們。如(ru)果能共同征伐的話,可以派遣軍隊前來。”朝廷(ting)沒有答覆。冉閔誅殺(sha)李農(nong)及(ji)其三子,同時被殺(sha)的還有尚書(shu)令王謨、侍(shi)中(zhong)王衍、中(zhong)常侍(shi)嚴(yan)震、趙升等人。東(dong)晉廬江(jiang)太守袁真攻打(da)合肥,拘捕了(le)(le)南蠻校尉桑坦,把百姓(xing)遷(qian)離(li)而返回。
四月,石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗派(pai)其(qi)相國(guo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)琨帶領十萬(wan)士眾攻打鄴城(cheng)(cheng),進兵(bing)據守邯鄲。石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗的鎮南將(jiang)軍劉(liu)(liu)國(guo)從繁陽(yang)前來與石(shi)(shi)(shi)琨會合(he)。冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)(min)于邯鄲大(da)(da)敗石(shi)(shi)(shi)琨,死(si)者數(shu)(shu)以萬(wan)計。劉(liu)(liu)國(guo)退駐繁陽(yang)。苻健從枋頭入關。張(zhang)賀度、段勤與劉(liu)(liu)國(guo)、靳(jin)豚(tun)在昌城(cheng)(cheng)會合(he),將(jiang)要進攻鄴城(cheng)(cheng)。冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)(min)派(pai)遣尚書(shu)左仆射劉(liu)(liu)群任行臺都督,派(pai)他的部將(jiang)王(wang)泰、崔通、周成等率領十二萬(wan)步(bu)騎在黃城(cheng)(cheng)宿營,冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)(min)親自(zi)統率精兵(bing)八萬(wan)作為(wei)他們的后繼,在蒼亭展開激戰。張(zhang)賀度等部大(da)(da)敗,死(si)者達兩萬(wan)八千,靳(jin)豚(tun)被追擊并斬(zhan)殺于陰安(an),冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)(min)部將(jiang)悉數(shu)(shu)俘虜了靳(jin)豚(tun)的士眾,整軍而歸。冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)(min)擁有(you)戎卒三十余(yu)萬(wan),旌旗鐘鼓(gu)綿延百余(yu)里,即使(shi)在石(shi)(shi)(shi)氏鼎盛(sheng)時期也(ye)沒有(you)這般威勢。冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)(min)自(zi)蒼亭回到(dao)鄴宮,行飲至之禮(li),整頓核定九流,依(yi)據才能授予(yu)職任,儒學(xue)后人多數(shu)(shu)得(de)到(dao)顯赫的官職,一時境內(nei)安(an)寧和順,可比作魏、晉之初。
十(shi)一(yi)月(yue),冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)帶領(ling)十(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)步騎到(dao)襄(xiang)國(guo)攻(gong)(gong)打(da)(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi),任其子(zi)太(tai)原王冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)胤(yin)為(wei)大(da)單于(yu)、驃騎大(da)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun),把一(yi)千名(ming)歸(gui)降的(de)(de)胡(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)分配(pei)到(dao)他(ta)(ta)麾下(xia)。光祿大(da)夫(fu)韋謏呈(cheng)上言(yan)辭激切(qie)的(de)(de)諫(jian)書(shu),冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)閱(yue)后(hou)大(da)怒,殺(sha)了(le)(le)韋謏及(ji)其子(zi)孫(sun)。永(yong)和七(qi)年(nian)(冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)魏(wei)永(yong)興二(er)年(nian),351年(nian))二(er)月(yue),冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)攻(gong)(gong)打(da)(da)襄(xiang)國(guo)長達百余(yu)(yu)日,挖(wa)地道(dao)、壘土山,建造房(fang)屋、翻地耕作(zuo)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi)非常恐懼,除(chu)去自封(feng)的(de)(de)皇帝之(zhi)號,稱為(wei)趙王,派出(chu)使者到(dao)慕(mu)容儁、姚(yao)弋仲那(nei)里(li)請(qing)(qing)求援軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。適逢石(shi)(shi)(shi)琨自冀州前來(lai)援救石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi),姚(yao)弋仲又遣(qian)其子(zi)姚(yao)襄(xiang)率領(ling)三(san)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)八干騎兵自滆頭(tou)前來(lai),慕(mu)容儁派遣(qian)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)悅綰率領(ling)三(san)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)甲卒(zu)自龍(long)城趕到(dao),三(san)方(fang)強勁的(de)(de)士(shi)(shi)卒(zu)共(gong)計(ji)十(shi)余(yu)(yu)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)。冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)遣(qian)車騎將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)胡(hu)睦(mu)在長蘆(lu)抵擋(dang)姚(yao)襄(xiang),將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)孫(sun)威(wei)在黃丘防守石(shi)(shi)(shi)琨,都被敵方(fang)打(da)(da)敗(bai)(bai)(bai),士(shi)(shi)卒(zu)幾乎被消滅(mie)盡(jin)凈(jing),胡(hu)睦(mu)、孫(sun)威(wei)單槍匹馬逃(tao)回(hui)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)琨等部即將(jiang)來(lai)到(dao),冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)打(da)(da)算出(chu)兵進擊(ji)(ji),衛將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)王泰勸諫(jian)說:“陷(xian)于(yu)困(kun)境之(zhi)敵頑固,寄希望于(yu)外援。眼下(xia)強大(da)的(de)(de)救兵四方(fang)云集(ji),想引誘我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)出(chu)兵交戰,以便從(cong)(cong)腹背兩個方(fang)向(xiang)攻(gong)(gong)打(da)(da)我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)。我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)應該(gai)加固營壘不出(chu)兵,靜觀態勢(shi)而行動,用這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)戰術挫敗(bai)(bai)(bai)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)計(ji)謀。現在陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)親自臨(lin)戰,一(yi)旦(dan)沒有(you)(you)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)全之(zhi)策(ce),我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)宏業就會(hui)喪失(shi)。請(qing)(qing)謹慎勿出(chu),我(wo)請(qing)(qing)求率諸將(jiang)為(wei)陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)去消滅(mie)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)。”冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)想要聽從(cong)(cong)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)諫(jian)言(yan),道(dao)士(shi)(shi)法饒(rao)進言(yan)說:“太(tai)白星行經昴宿,當殺(sha)胡(hu)王,一(yi)戰百勝,不能失(shi)去這(zhe)(zhe)個時機。”冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)捋起衣袖(xiu)高聲宣布(bu):“我(wo)出(chu)戰已(yi)定,誰再(zai)敢進諫(jian)就殺(sha)了(le)(le)他(ta)(ta)!”于(yu)是集(ji)合起全部士(shi)(shi)眾出(chu)戰。姚(yao)襄(xiang)、悅綰、石(shi)(shi)(shi)琨等部三(san)面夾擊(ji)(ji),石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi)猛(meng)攻(gong)(gong)其后(hou),冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)敗(bai)(bai)(bai)。冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)潛伏在襄(xiang)國(guo)行宮(gong),輿十(shi)余(yu)(yu)名(ming)騎士(shi)(shi)逃(tao)往(wang)鄴城。投降的(de)(de)胡(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)栗特康(kang)等收(shou)捕了(le)(le)冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)胤(yin)及(ji)左仆(pu)射劉(liu)琦等送給石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi),石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi)把他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)全都殺(sha)了(le)(le)。死者共(gong)十(shi)余(yu)(yu)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren),其中(zhong)包括司空石(shi)(shi)(shi)璞、尚書(shu)令徐機、車騎胡(hu)睦(mu)、侍中(zhong)李琳、中(zhong)書(shu)監(jian)盧(lu)諶(chen)、少府王郁、尚書(shu)劉(liu)欽、劉(liu)休等及(ji)諸將(jiang)士(shi)(shi),一(yi)時人(ren)(ren)(ren)盡(jin)物絕(jue)。賊盜蜂擁而起,司、冀二(er)州饑荒嚴重,人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)相(xiang)食。自石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎末年(nian)起,冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)已(yi)把倉庫積儲(chu)散發(fa)凈(jing)盡(jin),用以樹立自己(ji)的(de)(de)恩(en)德。此時與羌(qiang)(qiang)胡(hu)作(zuo)戰,沒有(you)(you)一(yi)個月(yue)不交鋒。青、雍、幽、荊各州遷徙百姓及(ji)諸氐、羌(qiang)(qiang)、胡(hu)、蠻共(gong)數百余(yu)(yu)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren),各自歸(gui)回(hui)本土,在道(dao)路上相(xiang)遇,互相(xiang)殺(sha)害劫掠(lve),加之(zhi)因饑餓、疾病等死亡(wang),能夠抵達家(jia)鄉的(de)(de)僅有(you)(you)十(shi)分之(zhi)二(er)三(san)。中(zhong)原各地一(yi)片(pian)混亂,無人(ren)(ren)(ren)再(zai)從(cong)(cong)事農(nong)耕。冉(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)對此感到(dao)懊悔(hui),殺(sha)了(le)(le)法饒(rao)父子(zi),肢解其尸體,追贈韋诐為(wei)大(da)司徒。
石(shi)祗派劉(liu)(liu)(liu)顯帶(dai)(dai)領七萬(wan)士(shi)眾攻(gong)打鄴(ye)城。當時冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)潛還鄴(ye)城,無人(ren)(ren)知曉,內外(wai)議論紛(fen)紛(fen),都以為冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)已死(si)。射聲(sheng)校尉張(zhang)艾勸冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)親出郊祀(si),以此(ci)安(an)定眾心,冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)聽從了這個建(jian)議,訛傳(chuan)才止息(xi)了。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)顯到(dao)明光宮,距(ju)離鄴(ye)城二十(shi)三里。冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)心中恐懼(ju),召來衛將(jiang)軍王(wang)(wang)泰(tai)商議此(ci)事。王(wang)(wang)泰(tai)怨恨當初冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)不聽從自(zi)己的(de)計謀,以患瘡不愈而(er)推辭。冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)親臨探(tan)望,王(wang)(wang)泰(tai)執意聲(sheng)稱疾(ji)病嚴重。冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)大怒,返回宮中,對(dui)左(zuo)右的(de)人(ren)(ren)說:“巴奴,我難(nan)道要你(ni)救命(ming)嗎!關(guan)鍵要先滅群(qun)胡,退而(er)斬(zhan)掉王(wang)(wang)泰(tai)。”于(yu)是帶(dai)(dai)領全部兵馬去作戰,大敗劉(liu)(liu)(liu)顯,追擊到(dao)陽平,斬(zhan)首三萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)級。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)顯畏懼(ju),秘密派出使者請求(qiu)投降,請求(qiu)殺(sha)(sha)了石(shi)祗來作為報效,冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)整頓師旅而(er)返回。適逢有人(ren)(ren)稟報王(wang)(wang)泰(tai)招集秦人(ren)(ren),將(jiang)逃往關(guan)中,冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)大怒,殺(sha)(sha)王(wang)(wang)泰(tai),滅他三族。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)顯果然(ran)殺(sha)(sha)了石(shi)祗及其太(tai)宰(zai)趙鹿等十(shi)余(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren),把石(shi)祗的(de)首級傳(chuan)送到(dao)鄴(ye)城,送來人(ren)(ren)質請求(qiu)冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)保全生(sheng)命(ming)。驃(piao)騎將(jiang)軍石(shi)寧逃往柏人(ren)(ren)。冉(ran)閔(min)(min)(min)下令(ling)在大路口焚燒石(shi)祗首級。 ?
五月(351年),石(shi)祗的(de)兗州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史劉啟(qi)以鄄城(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)順東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)。七月,劉顯又率領士眾攻打鄴(ye)城(cheng),冉(ran)(ran)閔擊敗了他們的(de)進攻。劉顯返(fan)回襄國稱(cheng)帝。八(ba)月,冉(ran)(ran)閔的(de)徐(xu)州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史周(zhou)成、兗州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史魏統、豫州(zhou)牧冉(ran)(ran)遇、荊州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史樂弘都攜城(cheng)堡歸(gui)(gui)順東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)。平南將軍(jun)高崇、征虜將軍(jun)呂護(hu)拘(ju)捕了洛(luo)州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史鄭系,攜三河(he)歸(gui)(gui)順東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)。慕容彪攻陷中山,殺掉冉(ran)(ran)閔的(de)寧(ning)北白同、幽州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史劉準(zhun),向(xiang)前燕(yan)皇帝慕容儁(jun)投降。