冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)是(shi)后趙武(wu)帝石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎的養孫。冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)的父親冉(ran)(ran)(ran)良,字弘武(wu),是(shi)魏郡(jun)內黃(今河南內黃西北(bei))人。其祖(zu)先(xian)曾任漢(han)朝黎(li)陽騎都督,家(jia)族(zu)世代擔任牙門將。后趙明帝石(shi)(shi)(shi)勒擊敗陳(chen)午,俘獲冉(ran)(ran)(ran)良,當時冉(ran)(ran)(ran)良十二歲,石(shi)(shi)(shi)勒命(ming)石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎收(shou)他為(wei)(wei)養子(zi),并(bing)改名為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)瞻(zhan)。冉(ran)(ran)(ran)良勇猛多(duo)力,攻戰無敵。歷任左積射將軍,封西華侯。
冉閔(min)年(nian)幼時就(jiu)果(guo)斷敏銳,石虎很寵愛他,如同對待自(zi)己(ji)孫子們一樣(yang)撫(fu)養他。冉閔(min)成年(nian)后,身高八尺,驍勇(yong)善(shan)戰,勇(yong)力過人(ren),多計謀。授任建(jian)節將軍,改(gai)封修成侯,歷(li)任北中郎(lang)將、游(you)擊將軍。咸康四年(nian)(后趙建(jian)武四年(nian),338年(nian)),石虎在昌(chang)黎之戰中大敗(bai),后趙各路軍隊(dui)都棄甲潰逃,只有冉閔(min)帶(dai)領的一支軍隊(dui)未遭創傷,由此冉閔(min)威名大顯。
石(shi)虎回到鄴(ye)城(cheng)后,任命劉群為中書(shu)令、盧諶為中書(shu)侍郎。苻(fu)洪(hong)(hong)因功授任使持節(jie)、都督六(liu)夷(yi)諸軍(jun)事、冠軍(jun)大將軍(jun),封為西平郡公。冉閔對石(shi)虎說:“苻(fu)洪(hong)(hong)才(cai)智杰出(chu),得到將士的(de)拼(pin)死效力,他的(de)兒子們(men)又都有(you)非凡的(de)才(cai)能(neng),而(er)且擁有(you)強兵五萬人,駐屯在(zai)都城(cheng)近處,應當秘密地(di)除(chu)掉他們(men),以(yi)安定國家。”石(shi)虎說:“我正倚仗他們(men)父子攻取東(dong)吳和巴蜀,為何要殺死他們(men)!”便沒有(you)除(chu)掉苻(fu)洪(hong)(hong),反(fan)而(er)給苻(fu)洪(hong)(hong)的(de)待遇愈加優厚(hou)。
咸康五(wu)年(后趙建武五(wu)年,339年)八月(yue),當(dang)時東晉(jin)(jin)征西將軍(jun)庾(yu)亮鎮守武昌,派(pai)豫州(zhou)刺史(shi)毛寶(bao)、西陽太守樊峻戍守邾城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。石虎憎(zeng)惡(e),任用夔安(an)為大都(dou)督(du),率(lv)領石鑒、冉(ran)(ran)閔、李農、張貉(he)、李菟(tu)五(wu)位將軍(jun),兵眾共五(wu)萬(wan)人(ren)侵犯荊州(zhou)和揚州(zhou)的(de)北部邊境,另派(pai)二萬(wan)騎兵進攻(gong)(gong)邾城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。毛寶(bao)向庾(yu)亮求(qiu)救,庾(yu)亮認為邾城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池(chi)堅固(gu),沒有及時派(pai)兵。九月(yue),冉(ran)(ran)閔在(zai)沔南打敗晉(jin)(jin)軍(jun),殺死(si)東晉(jin)(jin)將軍(jun)蔡(cai)懷。夔安(an)、李農攻(gong)(gong)陷沔南,朱保在(zai)白(bai)石打敗晉(jin)(jin)軍(jun),殺死(si)東晉(jin)(jin)鄭豹等五(wu)位將軍(jun)。張貉(he)攻(gong)(gong)下邾城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),邾城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)戰死(si)者有六(liu)千(qian)人(ren)。毛寶(bao)和樊峻突圍出逃(tao),渡江時溺水而死(si)。
冉閔后(hou)來打敗梁犢,威望更(geng)高,胡、漢各族宿(su)將無不畏懼他。
永和(he)五年(nian)(后趙(zhao)太(tai)寧元年(nian),349年(nian)),石(shi)虎(hu)去世(shi)(shi),太(tai)子石(shi)世(shi)(shi)即位。石(shi)世(shi)(shi)在位三十三天(tian),石(shi)虎(hu)第九(jiu)子石(shi)遵廢石(shi)世(shi)(shi)自立為(wei)帝(di)。
當初,石遵(zun)從李城(cheng)出發時(shi),曾對冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔說:“努力(li)吧!事(shi)情(qing)成功后,讓你做太(tai)子。”不(bu)(bu)久卻立石衍為(wei)(wei)(wei)皇太(tai)子,冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔頗感失望,自認為(wei)(wei)(wei)功高(gao)一(yi)(yi)時(shi),企(qi)圖掌握朝政,石遵(zun)顧忌這一(yi)(yi)點而(er)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)任用他(ta)(ta)。冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔擔任都督后,總(zong)管內外(wai)兵權,便安撫殿中將士和原東宮(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)高(gao)力(li)一(yi)(yi)萬余人,把他(ta)(ta)們(men)都申報為(wei)(wei)(wei)殿中員外(wai)將軍(jun)(jun),進(jin)爵為(wei)(wei)(wei)關外(wai)侯,賜給他(ta)(ta)們(men)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)女(nv),樹立自己的(de)恩德。石遵(zun)并(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)懼(ju)怕他(ta)(ta),而(er)更(geng)(geng)改了(le)題名(ming)(ming)及其褒貶評價來抑制冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔的(de)勢(shi)力(li),很多人都產生(sheng)了(le)怨氣。又(you)采取了(le)中書令孟準(zhun)、左衛將軍(jun)(jun)王鸞的(de)計策(ce),對冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔有幾分疑(yi)懼(ju),漸漸奪取他(ta)(ta)的(de)兵權。冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔更(geng)(geng)加流露(lu)出不(bu)(bu)滿,孟準(zhun)等(deng)人都勸諫石遵(zun)殺(sha)(sha)掉冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔。同年(349年)十一(yi)(yi)月,石遵(zun)召石鑒等(deng)進(jin)宮(gong)(gong)(gong),在(zai)鄭(zheng)太(tai)后面(mian)前(qian)議論(lun)此事(shi),都請求殺(sha)(sha)冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔。鄭(zheng)太(tai)后說:“從李城(cheng)回師進(jin)京,若無冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔豈(qi)能(neng)有今日(ri)!他(ta)(ta)略微有些驕縱(zong),不(bu)(bu)可動輒殺(sha)(sha)他(ta)(ta)。”石鑒出宮(gong)(gong)(gong)后,派(pai)宦官楊環馳馬報告冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔,冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔旋即劫持了(le)李農及右衛王基(ji),密謀廢黜石遵(zun)。指使(shi)將軍(jun)(jun)蘇亥、周成率領三十名(ming)(ming)甲士在(zai)如意(yi)觀拘(ju)捕石遵(zun),并(bing)(bing)在(zai)琨華殿殺(sha)(sha)死石遵(zun)。
石遵死后(hou),石虎第三(san)子石鑒(jian)(jian)即(ji)位,任(ren)命冉(ran)閔(min)為大將(jiang)軍(jun)、封武德王(wang)。當月(349年十(shi)一月),石鑒(jian)(jian)派(pai)遣石苞及中書令李松、殿中將(jiang)軍(jun)張(zhang)才等人深夜(ye)在(zai)琨(kun)華殿殺掉(diao)冉(ran)閔(min)、李農,未能(neng)成功,宮中驚擾(rao)混亂。石鑒(jian)(jian)恐怕冉(ran)閔(min)叛亂,假裝不知此事,連(lian)夜(ye)在(zai)西中華門斬了(le)李松、張(zhang)才,同(tong)時(shi)殺了(le)石苞。 ?
此時石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)另一子石(shi)(shi)祗(zhi)(zhi)在襄國(guo),與(yu)姚弋仲、苻洪等友好往來,集(ji)結(jie)了軍隊傳檄誅討冉(ran)閔(min)(min)、李(li)農(nong)(nong)。石(shi)(shi)鑒任(ren)石(shi)(shi)琨為大都(dou)督,與(yu)張(zhang)舉及侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)呼延盛(sheng)率(lv)領(ling)七萬步(bu)騎(qi)兵分幾(ji)路討伐(fa)石(shi)(shi)祗(zhi)(zhi)等人。中(zhong)(zhong)領(ling)軍石(shi)(shi)成、侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)啟、前河東太守石(shi)(shi)暉(hui)謀劃(hua)誅殺(sha)冉(ran)閔(min)(min)、李(li)農(nong)(nong),冉(ran)閔(min)(min)、李(li)農(nong)(nong)把(ba)他們殺(sha)害。
當(dang)時(shi),龍(long)驤(xiang)將軍(jun)(jun)孫(sun)(sun)伏(fu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)、劉(liu)銖等人(ren)(ren)(ren)集結了(le)三千羯兵(bing)暗中埋伏(fu)在(zai)胡(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)居(ju)住的(de)區域,也想殺(sha)掉冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)等人(ren)(ren)(ren)。當(dang)時(shi)石(shi)鑒(jian)(jian)正(zheng)在(zai)中臺(tai),孫(sun)(sun)伏(fu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)帶(dai)領三十余人(ren)(ren)(ren)想登臺(tai)挾持(chi)石(shi)鑒(jian)(jian)而(er)發(fa)起進攻(gong)。石(shi)鑒(jian)(jian)見(jian)孫(sun)(sun)伏(fu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)在(zai)破壞閣道,詢(xun)問原因。孫(sun)(sun)伏(fu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)說:“李農(nong)(nong)等人(ren)(ren)(ren)謀反(fan),已經聚集在(zai)東掖門(men)(men),我帶(dai)領著(zhu)衛士(shi)(shi),謹先告(gao)知你。”石(shi)鑒(jian)(jian)說:“你是功臣,好好為官效力。我從臺(tai)上觀望(wang)著(zhu)你,無須考(kao)慮(lv)尚(shang)未(wei)向我報告(gao)。”于是孫(sun)(sun)伏(fu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)及(ji)劉(liu)銖帶(dai)領士(shi)(shi)眾(zhong)攻(gong)打冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)和(he)李農(nong)(nong),未(wei)能獲勝(sheng),駐(zhu)兵(bing)鳳(feng)陽門(men)(men)。冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)、李農(nong)(nong)帶(dai)著(zhu)數(shu)(shu)千士(shi)(shi)卒毀壞了(le)金(jin)明(ming)門(men)(men)而(er)入宮(gong)。石(shi)鑒(jian)(jian)害怕冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)會(hui)殺(sha)了(le)自(zi)己(ji),迅速招來冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)、李農(nong)(nong),打開(kai)宮(gong)門(men)(men)接納他(ta)(ta)們,對他(ta)(ta)們說:“孫(sun)(sun)伏(fu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)謀反(fan),你們應(ying)當(dang)立即討伐他(ta)(ta)。”冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)、李農(nong)(nong)進攻(gong)殺(sha)了(le)孫(sun)(sun)伏(fu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)等,從鳳(feng)陽門(men)(men)至琨華殿(dian),橫尸遍地,血流(liu)成河(he)。冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)發(fa)布命令(ling)(ling)告(gao)知宮(gong)廷內(nei)(nei)外(wai),六夷凡敢動用兵(bing)器者(zhe)一(yi)(yi)律(lv)(lv)斬殺(sha)。胡(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)有的(de)攻(gong)破城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men),有的(de)越墻(qiang)而(er)出,逃亡者(zhe)不(bu)可勝(sheng)數(shu)(shu)。派尚(shang)書王簡(jian)、少(shao)府王郁率(lv)領數(shu)(shu)千士(shi)(shi)卒,在(zai)御(yu)龍(long)觀看守石(shi)鑒(jian)(jian),食物(wu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)懸吊著(zhu)給他(ta)(ta)吃(chi)。在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)發(fa)令(ling)(ling)稱:“與官同(tong)心者(zhe)留下,不(bu)同(tong)心者(zhe)聽任各自(zi)離(li)開(kai)。”命城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)不(bu)再戒嚴(yan)。于是百里之(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)(nei)的(de)趙(zhao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)都(dou)(dou)(dou)進城(cheng)(cheng)來,離(li)城(cheng)(cheng)而(er)去的(de)胡(hu)(hu)羯也堵(du)滿了(le)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)。冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)明(ming)白(bai)胡(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)愿為己(ji)所用,頒(ban)布命令(ling)(ling)告(gao)知內(nei)(nei)外(wai)趙(zhao)人(ren)(ren)(ren),斬一(yi)(yi)個胡(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)首級送到(dao)鳳(feng)陽門(men)(men)的(de),凡文官進位(wei)三等,武職都(dou)(dou)(dou)任牙門(men)(men)。一(yi)(yi)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)(nei),殺(sha)了(le)數(shu)(shu)萬(wan)胡(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)親自(zi)率(lv)領趙(zhao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)誅殺(sha)胡(hu)(hu)羯,不(bu)論貴賤男女少(shao)長一(yi)(yi)律(lv)(lv)殺(sha)頭,死者(zhe)達二(er)十余萬(wan),尸體在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)外(wai),全被野犬豺狼所吃(chi)。集居(ju)在(zai)四方(fang)的(de)胡(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),當(dang)地的(de)軍(jun)(jun)隊(dui)依照冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)的(de)命令(ling)(ling)殺(sha)了(le)他(ta)(ta)們,當(dang)時(shi)外(wai)表長得高鼻(bi)多須的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)有一(yi)(yi)半因濫(lan)殺(sha)而(er)死。
永和(he)六年(后趙(zhao)青龍(long)元年,350年)正(zheng)月,冉閔想(xiang)徹(che)底消除石氏,以讖文中有“繼(ji)趙(zhao)李(li)”的字樣為(wei)(wei)托辭(ci),便更改國號為(wei)(wei)衛,改姓李(li)氏,實行(xing)大赦,改年號為(wei)(wei)青龍(long)。
石琨及張舉、王朗率領(ling)七萬士眾攻打鄴城(cheng),冉(ran)閔帶(dai)領(ling)千(qian)余騎兵,在(zai)城(cheng)北抵抗他們。冉(ran)閔手執兩(liang)刃(ren)矛,飛馳(chi)進攻,對手應刃(ren)而(er)敗(bai),斬殺首級三(san)千(qian)。
冉(ran)閔(min)與李農(nong)帶領三萬騎兵到石瀆討伐張(zhang)賀度。閏二(er)月,石鑒秘密派遣宦官(guan)送信召張(zhang)沈等,讓他(ta)們(men)乘虛(xu)襲(xi)擊鄴城。宦官(guan)把(ba)(ba)此事報告給(gei)冉(ran)閔(min)、李農(nong),冉(ran)閔(min)、李農(nong)馳馬速歸,廢黜石鑒并殺(sha)了他(ta),又殺(sha)害(hai)石虎孫三十八(ba)人,把(ba)(ba)石氏(shi)家(jia)族全部(bu)消滅。
同年(nian)(350年(nian)),冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)殺死(si)石(shi)鑒(jian)后,司徒申鐘、司空郎闐等(deng)四十八人尊冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di),冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)執意讓給李(li)農(nong),李(li)農(nong)以(yi)死(si)來堅決請求冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di),于是(shi)冉(ran)(ran)閔(min)于南郊僭(jian)登帝(di)位(wei),大赦(she)天(tian)下囚犯,改(gai)年(nian)號為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)永興,國號大魏,史稱冉(ran)(ran)魏,并(bing)恢復冉(ran)(ran)姓(xing)。追尊祖父冉(ran)(ran)隆(long)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)皇帝(di),父親冉(ran)(ran)瞻(zhan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)烈祖高(gao)皇帝(di),尊母親王氏為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皇太(tai)后,立其妻董氏為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皇后,其子(zi)冉(ran)(ran)智為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皇太(tai)子(zi)。以(yi)李(li)農(nong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)宰、兼任太(tai)尉、錄尚書事,封(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)齊王,李(li)農(nong)諸子(zi)都封(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)縣公。封(feng)其子(zi)冉(ran)(ran)胤、冉(ran)(ran)明、冉(ran)(ran)裕為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王。文官武(wu)將進三(san)等(deng)官位(wei),封(feng)爵各有等(deng)級。派人持節(jie)赦(she)免各地聚眾鬧事者,都不歸從。
石(shi)祗(zhi)聽說石(shi)鑒已(yi)死,便在襄國(guo)(今(jin)河北(bei)邢臺)僭位稱帝(di),各(ge)夷(yi)據守州郡(jun)擁有兵力(li)的(de)頭(tou)領紛(fen)紛(fen)響應。冉閔(min)派遣使(shi)者(zhe)到長江岸邊報告東晉說:“叛逆(ni)的(de)胡人擾亂了中原,如今(jin)已(yi)消滅了他們。如果能共同征(zheng)伐的(de)話,可以派遣軍隊(dui)前來。”朝(chao)廷沒(mei)有答(da)覆(fu)。冉閔(min)誅殺(sha)李農及(ji)其三子,同時被(bei)殺(sha)的(de)還(huan)有尚(shang)書(shu)令王謨、侍中王衍、中常侍嚴震、趙升等人。東晉廬江太(tai)守袁真(zhen)攻打合(he)肥,拘捕(bu)了南(nan)蠻校尉桑(sang)坦,把百(bai)姓(xing)遷(qian)離(li)而(er)返回。
四月(yue),石(shi)祗派其相國(guo)(guo)石(shi)琨(kun)(kun)帶領(ling)十萬(wan)士眾攻打(da)鄴(ye)城,進兵據守邯鄲。石(shi)祗的(de)鎮南將軍劉國(guo)(guo)從繁(fan)陽前來與(yu)石(shi)琨(kun)(kun)會合(he)。冉閔(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)于邯鄲大敗(bai)石(shi)琨(kun)(kun),死(si)(si)者數(shu)以萬(wan)計。劉國(guo)(guo)退駐繁(fan)陽。苻健從枋頭入關。張賀度(du)、段勤(qin)與(yu)劉國(guo)(guo)、靳豚在昌城會合(he),將要進攻鄴(ye)城。冉閔(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)派遣(qian)尚(shang)書(shu)左(zuo)仆射劉群任行(xing)臺都督,派他的(de)部將王泰、崔通、周成等率領(ling)十二萬(wan)步騎在黃(huang)城宿營,冉閔(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)親自(zi)統率精兵八萬(wan)作為他們的(de)后繼,在蒼亭(ting)展(zhan)開激戰。張賀度(du)等部大敗(bai),死(si)(si)者達兩萬(wan)八千,靳豚被追擊并(bing)斬(zhan)殺于陰安,冉閔(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)部將悉(xi)數(shu)俘(fu)虜了靳豚的(de)士眾,整軍而歸。冉閔(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)擁有(you)戎卒三十余萬(wan),旌旗鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)綿延(yan)百(bai)余里,即使在石(shi)氏鼎盛時期也沒有(you)這(zhe)般威(wei)勢(shi)。冉閔(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)自(zi)蒼亭(ting)回到(dao)鄴(ye)宮,行(xing)飲至之禮,整頓核定九(jiu)流,依據才能授予(yu)職(zhi)(zhi)任,儒學后人多數(shu)得到(dao)顯赫的(de)官職(zhi)(zhi),一時境(jing)內安寧(ning)和順,可比作魏、晉之初。
十(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue),冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)帶領十(shi)萬(wan)步騎(qi)(qi)到襄(xiang)國(guo)攻(gong)(gong)打石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi),任其(qi)(qi)子太(tai)原王(wang)(wang)冉(ran)(ran)(ran)胤(yin)(yin)為(wei)大(da)(da)(da)單于(yu)(yu)、驃騎(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)將(jiang)軍(jun),把(ba)一(yi)(yi)千名(ming)歸(gui)降(jiang)的(de)(de)胡(hu)人(ren)(ren)分(fen)配到他(ta)麾下。光(guang)祿大(da)(da)(da)夫韋謏呈(cheng)上言辭激切的(de)(de)諫(jian)(jian)書(shu),冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)閱后(hou)(hou)大(da)(da)(da)怒,殺了韋謏及其(qi)(qi)子孫。永(yong)和七(qi)年(冉(ran)(ran)(ran)魏永(yong)興二(er)年,351年)二(er)月(yue)(yue),冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)攻(gong)(gong)打襄(xiang)國(guo)長(chang)達百(bai)余(yu)(yu)(yu)日,挖地(di)(di)道(dao)(dao)、壘(lei)土(tu)山,建造房屋、翻地(di)(di)耕作。石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi)非常恐懼,除去自(zi)封(feng)的(de)(de)皇帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)號,稱為(wei)趙王(wang)(wang),派出(chu)使者到慕(mu)容儁、姚(yao)(yao)弋(yi)仲(zhong)那里(li)請求援(yuan)軍(jun)。適逢(feng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)琨(kun)自(zi)冀州前來援(yuan)救(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi),姚(yao)(yao)弋(yi)仲(zhong)又遣其(qi)(qi)子姚(yao)(yao)襄(xiang)率(lv)領三(san)(san)(san)萬(wan)八干(gan)騎(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)自(zi)滆頭前來,慕(mu)容儁派遣將(jiang)軍(jun)悅(yue)(yue)綰率(lv)領三(san)(san)(san)萬(wan)甲卒(zu)自(zi)龍(long)城趕到,三(san)(san)(san)方(fang)(fang)強(qiang)(qiang)勁的(de)(de)士(shi)卒(zu)共(gong)計十(shi)余(yu)(yu)(yu)萬(wan)。冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)遣車騎(qi)(qi)將(jiang)軍(jun)胡(hu)睦在(zai)長(chang)蘆(lu)抵(di)擋姚(yao)(yao)襄(xiang),將(jiang)軍(jun)孫威(wei)在(zai)黃(huang)丘防(fang)守石(shi)(shi)(shi)琨(kun),都被(bei)敵方(fang)(fang)打敗,士(shi)卒(zu)幾乎(hu)被(bei)消滅(mie)盡凈(jing),胡(hu)睦、孫威(wei)單槍(qiang)匹馬逃(tao)回(hui)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)琨(kun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)部(bu)即將(jiang)來到,冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)打算出(chu)兵(bing)(bing)進擊(ji),衛將(jiang)軍(jun)王(wang)(wang)泰(tai)勸(quan)諫(jian)(jian)說:“陷于(yu)(yu)困(kun)境之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敵頑固,寄希望于(yu)(yu)外援(yuan)。眼下強(qiang)(qiang)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)救(jiu)兵(bing)(bing)四方(fang)(fang)云集,想(xiang)引誘我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)出(chu)兵(bing)(bing)交戰(zhan),以便(bian)從腹背兩個方(fang)(fang)向攻(gong)(gong)打我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)。我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)應該加固營(ying)壘(lei)不出(chu)兵(bing)(bing),靜(jing)觀態勢而行(xing)動,用(yong)這種(zhong)戰(zhan)術挫(cuo)敗他(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)計謀。現在(zai)陛(bi)下親自(zi)臨戰(zhan),一(yi)(yi)旦沒(mei)有(you)(you)萬(wan)全(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策(ce),我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)宏業就會喪失(shi)。請謹慎勿出(chu),我(wo)(wo)請求率(lv)諸將(jiang)為(wei)陛(bi)下去消滅(mie)他(ta)們(men)(men)。”冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)想(xiang)要聽(ting)從他(ta)的(de)(de)諫(jian)(jian)言,道(dao)(dao)士(shi)法(fa)饒(rao)進言說:“太(tai)白星(xing)行(xing)經昴宿,當殺胡(hu)王(wang)(wang),一(yi)(yi)戰(zhan)百(bai)勝,不能失(shi)去這個時機。”冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)捋起(qi)(qi)衣(yi)袖高聲宣布:“我(wo)(wo)出(chu)戰(zhan)已(yi)定,誰(shui)再(zai)敢進諫(jian)(jian)就殺了他(ta)!”于(yu)(yu)是集合起(qi)(qi)全(quan)部(bu)士(shi)眾出(chu)戰(zhan)。姚(yao)(yao)襄(xiang)、悅(yue)(yue)綰、石(shi)(shi)(shi)琨(kun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)部(bu)三(san)(san)(san)面夾(jia)擊(ji),石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi)猛(meng)攻(gong)(gong)其(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou),冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)軍(jun)大(da)(da)(da)敗。冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)潛伏在(zai)襄(xiang)國(guo)行(xing)宮(gong),輿(yu)十(shi)余(yu)(yu)(yu)名(ming)騎(qi)(qi)士(shi)逃(tao)往(wang)鄴城。投降(jiang)的(de)(de)胡(hu)人(ren)(ren)栗(li)特(te)康等(deng)(deng)(deng)收(shou)捕了冉(ran)(ran)(ran)胤(yin)(yin)及左仆(pu)射(she)劉琦等(deng)(deng)(deng)送(song)給石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi),石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi)把(ba)他(ta)們(men)(men)全(quan)都殺了。死者共(gong)十(shi)余(yu)(yu)(yu)萬(wan)人(ren)(ren),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)包括司空石(shi)(shi)(shi)璞、尚(shang)書(shu)令(ling)徐機、車騎(qi)(qi)胡(hu)睦、侍中(zhong)李琳、中(zhong)書(shu)監盧諶、少府王(wang)(wang)郁、尚(shang)書(shu)劉欽、劉休等(deng)(deng)(deng)及諸將(jiang)士(shi),一(yi)(yi)時人(ren)(ren)盡物(wu)絕。賊盜(dao)蜂擁而起(qi)(qi),司、冀二(er)州饑荒(huang)嚴(yan)重,人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)相食。自(zi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎末年起(qi)(qi),冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)已(yi)把(ba)倉庫積儲散發凈(jing)盡,用(yong)以樹立自(zi)己的(de)(de)恩德。此時與羌胡(hu)作戰(zhan),沒(mei)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個月(yue)(yue)不交鋒。青、雍、幽、荊各(ge)州遷徙百(bai)姓及諸氐(di)、羌、胡(hu)、蠻(man)共(gong)數百(bai)余(yu)(yu)(yu)萬(wan)人(ren)(ren),各(ge)自(zi)歸(gui)回(hui)本土(tu),在(zai)道(dao)(dao)路上相遇,互相殺害(hai)劫掠(lve),加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)因饑餓、疾(ji)病等(deng)(deng)(deng)死亡(wang),能夠抵(di)達家鄉的(de)(de)僅有(you)(you)十(shi)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)三(san)(san)(san)。中(zhong)原各(ge)地(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)片混亂(luan),無人(ren)(ren)再(zai)從事農耕。冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)對(dui)此感到懊悔,殺了法(fa)饒(rao)父子,肢(zhi)解其(qi)(qi)尸(shi)體,追(zhui)贈韋诐(bi)為(wei)大(da)(da)(da)司徒(tu)。
石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi)派(pai)劉顯(xian)帶(dai)(dai)領七萬士眾攻打鄴(ye)城(cheng)。當(dang)時冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)潛還鄴(ye)城(cheng),無人知(zhi)曉,內外(wai)議論紛紛,都(dou)以(yi)為(wei)冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)已死。射聲校尉張(zhang)艾勸(quan)冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)親出(chu)郊祀,以(yi)此(ci)(ci)安定眾心,冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)聽(ting)從(cong)了(le)這個建議,訛傳才(cai)止(zhi)息了(le)。劉顯(xian)到(dao)明光宮,距離鄴(ye)城(cheng)二十三(san)(san)里(li)。冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)心中恐懼,召(zhao)來衛將(jiang)軍(jun)王(wang)泰(tai)商議此(ci)(ci)事(shi)。王(wang)泰(tai)怨恨當(dang)初冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)不(bu)聽(ting)從(cong)自己的(de)計謀,以(yi)患瘡不(bu)愈而推辭。冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)親臨探望,王(wang)泰(tai)執意聲稱疾病嚴重(zhong)。冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)大(da)怒,返回宮中,對左右(you)的(de)人說:“巴奴,我難道要你救命嗎!關鍵要先滅群胡,退而斬(zhan)掉王(wang)泰(tai)。”于是帶(dai)(dai)領全(quan)部兵馬去作戰,大(da)敗劉顯(xian),追擊到(dao)陽平(ping),斬(zhan)首(shou)三(san)(san)萬余級。劉顯(xian)畏懼,秘密派(pai)出(chu)使(shi)者請求(qiu)投降,請求(qiu)殺(sha)(sha)了(le)石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi)來作為(wei)報(bao)效,冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)整(zheng)頓師旅而返回。適逢有(you)人稟報(bao)王(wang)泰(tai)招集(ji)秦(qin)人,將(jiang)逃往(wang)(wang)關中,冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)大(da)怒,殺(sha)(sha)王(wang)泰(tai),滅他三(san)(san)族(zu)。劉顯(xian)果然(ran)殺(sha)(sha)了(le)石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi)及其太宰趙鹿等十余人,把(ba)石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi)的(de)首(shou)級傳送到(dao)鄴(ye)城(cheng),送來人質請求(qiu)冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)保全(quan)生(sheng)命。驃騎將(jiang)軍(jun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)寧逃往(wang)(wang)柏人。冉(ran)(ran)(ran)閔(min)(min)下(xia)令(ling)在大(da)路口焚燒石(shi)(shi)(shi)祗(zhi)首(shou)級。 ?
五月(yue)(351年),石祗的兗(yan)州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)劉(liu)啟以鄄城歸順(shun)東晉。七月(yue),劉(liu)顯又率領士眾攻打鄴城,冉(ran)閔(min)(min)擊敗(bai)了他們的進攻。劉(liu)顯返(fan)回襄國(guo)稱帝。八月(yue),冉(ran)閔(min)(min)的徐州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)周成、兗(yan)州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)魏統、豫州牧冉(ran)遇、荊(jing)州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)樂弘都攜(xie)城堡(bao)歸順(shun)東晉。平南將(jiang)軍高崇、征虜將(jiang)軍呂護拘捕了洛州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)鄭系,攜(xie)三河歸順(shun)東晉。慕容彪(biao)攻陷中山,殺掉冉(ran)閔(min)(min)的寧北白同、幽州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)劉(liu)準,向前燕(yan)皇帝慕容儁(jun)投降。