宋(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)，子(zi)(zi)姓，宋(song)(song)氏，名(ming)鮑（一作鮑革），亦(yi)稱公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑或公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑革，宋(song)(song)成公(gong)(gong)之子(zi)(zi)，宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)的弟弟。
公(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑為人(ren)(ren)(ren)賢明，對國人(ren)(ren)(ren)以禮相待，當時(shi)宋(song)國發(fa)生饑荒，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑把糧食全部拿(na)出來施(shi)舍。對年紀在七十歲以上的(de)(de)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)不送東西(xi)的(de)(de)，還按(an)時(shi)令(ling)加送珍(zhen)貴食品。沒(mei)有(you)(you)一天不進出六卿的(de)(de)大門。對國內有(you)(you)才能的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)不加事奉的(de)(de)；對親屬中(zhong)從宋(song)桓公(gong)以下(xia)的(de)(de)子(zi)(zi)孫，沒(mei)有(you)(you)不加周(zhou)濟的(de)(de)。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑長(chang)得漂亮而(er)且艷(yan)麗，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑祖(zu)父宋(song)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)的(de)(de)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)（周(zhou)襄(xiang)(xiang)王之姐）想和他(ta)私(si)通，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑不肯，襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)就幫助他(ta)在國人(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)廣(guang)施(shi)恩惠(hui)。宋(song)昭公(gong)無(wu)道，宋(song)國人(ren)(ren)(ren)都不親附(fu)宋(song)昭公(gong)，宋(song)國人(ren)(ren)(ren)由于襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)關系(xi)而(er)擁護公(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑。
宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)九年（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前611年），當時，華元擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)右師(shi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)友擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)左師(shi)，華耦擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)司馬(ma)、鱗鱹擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)司徒，蕩意諸(zhu)(zhu)擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)司城，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)朝擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)司寇(kou)。當初，司城蕩去世，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)壽(shou)辭掉(diao)司城的(de)官(guan)職(zhi)，請求(qiu)讓(rang)蕩意諸(zhu)(zhu)擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)。后來告訴別人說(shuo)：“國君(jun)(jun)無道，我(wo)(wo)的(de)官(guan)位接近(jin)國君(jun)(jun)，很怕禍患引到身上。如果(guo)丟掉(diao)官(guan)職(zhi)不(bu)干(gan)，家族(zu)就無所庇護。兒子(zi)(zi)，是我(wo)(wo)的(de)代表，姑且讓(rang)我(wo)(wo)晚點(dian)死(si)去。這樣，雖然喪失兒子(zi)(zi)，還不(bu)致(zhi)于喪失家族(zu)。”不(bu)久(jiu)以(yi)后，襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)夫人準(zhun)備讓(rang)宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)在孟諸(zhu)(zhu)（今河南商(shang)丘東北）打獵而(er)乘機殺死(si)他。宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)得(de)知(zhi)后，帶(dai)上全部珍寶出(chu)行(xing)。蕩意諸(zhu)(zhu)說(shuo)：“何不(bu)到諸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)那里去？”宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)說(shuo)：“得(de)不(bu)到自己的(de)大夫甚至君(jun)(jun)祖母以(yi)及人們的(de)信任(ren)(ren)(ren)，諸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)誰肯接納我(wo)(wo)？而(er)且已經做了別人的(de)君(jun)(jun)主，再(zai)做別人的(de)臣下，不(bu)如死(si)了好。”魯(lu)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)把(ba)他的(de)珍寶全部賜給左右隨行(xing)人員，而(er)讓(rang)他們離去。襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)夫人派人告訴蕩意諸(zhu)(zhu)離開(kai)宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)，蕩意諸(zhu)(zhu)回答說(shuo)：“做他的(de)臣下，而(er)又逃避他的(de)禍難，怎么能事奉以(yi)后的(de)國君(jun)(jun)呢(ni)？”
宋(song)昭公(gong)九年（公(gong)元前611年）十(shi)一月二(er)十(shi)二(er)日(ri)，宋(song)昭公(gong)準備去(qu)孟諸打獵(lie)，沒有到達，襄(xiang)公(gong)夫人派遣帥甸(dian)（《史記(ji)》作衛伯）進(jin)攻并(bing)殺死宋(song)昭公(gong)，于是(shi)公(gong)子鮑繼位，是(shi)為宋(song)文公(gong)。
宋(song)(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)元年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前610年(nian)）春(chun)天，晉國(guo)荀林父、衛國(guo)孔(kong)達(da)、陳(chen)國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫寧、鄭(zheng)國(guo)石楚(chu)聯(lian)軍攻打(da)宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)，譴責宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)人殺(sha)害(hai)宋(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)。得知宋(song)(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)繼位的消息后，便承認(ren)宋(song)(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)繼位的合法(fa)性，于是(shi)撤兵離去。
宋(song)(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)二年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前609年(nian)），宋(song)(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)族人(ren)帶領宋(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)子(zi)，準備擁奉宋(song)(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)同母弟司城公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)須(xu)來發(fa)動(dong)叛亂(luan)，同年(nian)十二月，宋(song)(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)殺(sha)死公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)須(xu)和宋(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)子(zi)，讓(rang)宋(song)(song)(song)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)族人(ren)在司馬(ma)子(zi)伯的(de)賓館(guan)里(li)攻打宋(song)(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)族人(ren)，于是(shi)就把(ba)宋(song)(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)族人(ren)驅(qu)逐出境，派(pai)遣公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)師擔任(ren)司城。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)朝去世，宋(song)(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)派(pai)樂呂擔任(ren)司寇，來安定國(guo)內的(de)人(ren)心(xin)。
宋(song)(song)(song)(song)文(wen)公四(si)年（公元(yuan)前(qian)606年）春天(tian)，鄭(zheng)國公子歸生接受楚國命令攻打宋(song)(song)(song)(song)國。宋(song)(song)(song)(song)文(wen)公派(pai)華(hua)元(yuan)、樂呂帶兵抵御。二月初十日(ri)，雙方(fang)在(zai)大(da)棘開戰，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)軍大(da)敗。鄭(zheng)軍俘(fu)虜(lu)華(hua)元(yuan)，得到樂呂的尸首，繳獲戰車四(si)百六十輛(liang)，俘(fu)虜(lu)二百五十人，割下一百名宋(song)(song)(song)(song)軍陣亡士兵的耳(er)朵。
華元(yuan)準備與(yu)鄭軍(jun)開戰(zhan)時，殺羊犒賞士(shi)兵，他(ta)的(de)車夫羊斟沒有吃到羊肉羹汁，所以怨恨華元(yuan)。等到兩軍(jun)交(jiao)戰(zhan)，羊斟說(shuo)：“前天(tian)的(de)羊，是你作(zuo)主；今天(tian)的(de)打仗，是我作(zuo)主。”就驅車沖進鄭軍(jun)軍(jun)中，因此宋(song)軍(jun)戰(zhan)敗，鄭軍(jun)得以活捉華元(yuan)。
宋文(wen)公用一百輛戰(zhan)車(che)、四百匹毛(mao)色漂亮(liang)的良馬(ma)，從鄭(zheng)國贖回(hui)華元(yuan)。戰(zhan)車(che)和良馬(ma)還沒(mei)全部送到鄭(zheng)國，華元(yuan)就自己逃回(hui)了宋國。
宋(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)五年（公(gong)元(yuan)前605年），宋(song)(song)武公(gong)、宋(song)(song)穆公(gong)的族人用曹國的軍(jun)隊攻(gong)打宋(song)(song)國。同年秋天，宋(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)派軍(jun)隊包(bao)圍曹國，以報復宋(song)(song)武公(gong)等族人的叛亂。
宋(song)文(wen)公(gong)十(shi)一(yi)年（公(gong)元(yuan)前600年）冬天(tian)，宋(song)文(wen)公(gong)乘(cheng)滕(teng)國(guo)(guo)有喪事之機，派兵包圍滕(teng)國(guo)(guo)。
宋文公十二年(nian)(nian)（公元前599年(nian)(nian)），滕國(guo)人依靠晉(jin)國(guo)而不事(shi)奉宋國(guo)。同年(nian)(nian)六月，宋文公再度派兵(bing)進攻滕國(guo)。
宋文公十五(wu)年(nian)（公元(yuan)前(qian)597年(nian)）夏天，楚(chu)(chu)國國君楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)王因宋國曾救援(yuan)蕭國，于(yu)是派兵進攻宋國。
宋文公(gong)(gong)十六(liu)年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元前596年(nian)），楚國(guo)(guo)(guo)使者經過宋國(guo)(guo)(guo)，宋國(guo)(guo)(guo)與楚國(guo)(guo)(guo)有舊仇，便(bian)抓住楚國(guo)(guo)(guo)使者。同年(nian)九月(yue)，楚莊王圍攻宋國(guo)(guo)(guo)。
宋(song)(song)文公十七年(nian)（公元前595年(nian)），因楚軍包(bao)圍宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)五個(ge)月不解圍，宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)都城中沒(mei)有(you)糧食(shi)，岌岌可(ke)危，于是宋(song)(song)文公派樂嬰齊到(dao)晉國(guo)(guo)求(qiu)救(jiu)(jiu)。晉國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)君晉景(jing)公本想(xiang)救(jiu)(jiu)援宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)，但采(cai)納大臣(chen)伯(bo)宗(zong)的建議(yi)，就停止發兵援救(jiu)(jiu)宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)，只是派遣(qian)解揚(yang)到(dao)宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)去，讓宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)不要投降楚國(guo)(guo)。
宋文公(gong)(gong)十七年（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前595年）五月，楚(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)準(zhun)備撤(che)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)，但在申(shen)犀、申(shen)叔(shu)勸阻下楚(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)沒有(you)撤(che)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)，反(fan)而采納申(shen)叔(shu)的(de)計策，讓人(ren)在宋國建房子(zi)、種田(tian)。宋文公(gong)(gong)害(hai)怕，派華(hua)元(yuan)在夜里進入楚(chu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)營見楚(chu)將子(zi)反(fan)，子(zi)反(fan)告訴楚(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)。楚(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)問：“城中情況怎樣？”華(hua)元(yuan)說：“劈開人(ren)骨(gu)頭當柴燒，互相交換子(zi)女(nv)來烹食。”楚(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)說：“多誠實(shi)的(de)話啊！我軍(jun)(jun)(jun)也只(zhi)有(you)兩天的(de)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)糧。”因為華(hua)元(yuan)的(de)誠實(shi)，楚(chu)國終于罷兵解(jie)圍而去。
宋(song)文公二(er)十(shi)二(er)年（公元前589年）八月，宋(song)文公去世，其子宋(song)共公繼(ji)位。
巧笑倩兮 
