宋(song)文公(gong)，子(zi)姓，宋(song)氏(shi)，名鮑(bao)（一作(zuo)鮑(bao)革），亦稱公(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)或(huo)公(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)革，宋(song)成(cheng)公(gong)之子(zi)，宋(song)昭公(gong)的弟(di)弟(di)。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)(bao)為(wei)人(ren)賢明，對(dui)國人(ren)以(yi)禮(li)相待，當時(shi)宋(song)(song)國發生饑荒，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)(bao)把糧食全部拿出來(lai)施(shi)舍。對(dui)年紀在七(qi)十歲以(yi)上的(de)，沒(mei)(mei)有不(bu)(bu)(bu)送東西的(de)，還按時(shi)令加(jia)送珍貴(gui)食品。沒(mei)(mei)有一天不(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)出六卿的(de)大門。對(dui)國內有才能的(de)人(ren)，沒(mei)(mei)有不(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)事奉的(de)；對(dui)親屬中(zhong)從宋(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)下的(de)子(zi)孫，沒(mei)(mei)有不(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)周濟的(de)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)(bao)長(chang)得(de)漂亮而且艷(yan)麗，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)(bao)祖(zu)父(fu)宋(song)(song)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)夫人(ren)（周襄(xiang)王之姐）想和他私通，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)肯，襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫人(ren)就幫助他在國人(ren)中(zhong)廣施(shi)恩惠(hui)。宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)無道，宋(song)(song)國人(ren)都不(bu)(bu)(bu)親附宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，宋(song)(song)國人(ren)由于襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫人(ren)的(de)關(guan)系(xi)而擁護公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)(bao)。
宋昭(zhao)公九年(nian)（公元(yuan)前611年(nian)），當(dang)時(shi)，華(hua)元(yuan)擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)右師，公子友擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)左師，華(hua)耦擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)司(si)(si)馬、鱗(lin)鱹擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)司(si)(si)徒，蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)司(si)(si)城(cheng)，公子朝擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)司(si)(si)寇。當(dang)初，司(si)(si)城(cheng)蕩(dang)(dang)去(qu)(qu)世，公子壽辭掉(diao)司(si)(si)城(cheng)的(de)(de)官職，請求(qiu)讓(rang)蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)。后來告訴(su)別人(ren)說(shuo)(shuo)：“國(guo)(guo)君(jun)無道，我(wo)的(de)(de)官位接近國(guo)(guo)君(jun)，很(hen)怕禍(huo)患引到身上。如果丟掉(diao)官職不(bu)干(gan)，家族就(jiu)無所庇(bi)護。兒子，是(shi)我(wo)的(de)(de)代表，姑且讓(rang)我(wo)晚點死去(qu)(qu)。這樣，雖然喪失兒子，還不(bu)致于喪失家族。”不(bu)久(jiu)以后，襄公夫(fu)人(ren)準備讓(rang)宋昭(zhao)公在(zai)孟諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)（今(jin)河南商丘東北）打獵而乘機殺死他(ta)。宋昭(zhao)公得知后，帶上全(quan)部珍寶(bao)出行。蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)說(shuo)(shuo)：“何不(bu)到諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯那里去(qu)(qu)？”宋昭(zhao)公說(shuo)(shuo)：“得不(bu)到自己(ji)的(de)(de)大夫(fu)甚至君(jun)祖母(mu)以及(ji)人(ren)們的(de)(de)信任(ren)(ren)，諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯誰肯接納我(wo)？而且已(yi)經(jing)做了(le)別人(ren)的(de)(de)君(jun)主(zhu)，再做別人(ren)的(de)(de)臣(chen)下，不(bu)如死了(le)好。”魯昭(zhao)公把他(ta)的(de)(de)珍寶(bao)全(quan)部賜給左右隨行人(ren)員(yuan)，而讓(rang)他(ta)們離(li)去(qu)(qu)。襄公夫(fu)人(ren)派(pai)人(ren)告訴(su)蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)離(li)開宋昭(zhao)公，蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)回答說(shuo)(shuo)：“做他(ta)的(de)(de)臣(chen)下，而又逃(tao)避他(ta)的(de)(de)禍(huo)難，怎么能(neng)事奉以后的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)君(jun)呢？”
宋(song)昭公九年（公元前(qian)611年）十一月二(er)十二(er)日(ri)，宋(song)昭公準(zhun)備去孟諸打(da)獵，沒(mei)有到達，襄(xiang)公夫人派(pai)遣(qian)帥甸(dian)（《史記》作(zuo)衛伯）進攻并殺死宋(song)昭公，于是公子鮑繼位，是為宋(song)文公。
宋(song)(song)(song)文公(gong)元(yuan)年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)前610年(nian)）春天，晉國(guo)(guo)(guo)荀林父、衛國(guo)(guo)(guo)孔達、陳國(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)孫寧、鄭國(guo)(guo)(guo)石(shi)楚聯軍攻(gong)打宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，譴責宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人殺害宋(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)。得知宋(song)(song)(song)文公(gong)繼位(wei)的(de)消息后，便(bian)承(cheng)認宋(song)(song)(song)文公(gong)繼位(wei)的(de)合法(fa)性，于是撤兵離去。
宋(song)(song)(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)二年（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)609年），宋(song)(song)(song)(song)武(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的族(zu)(zu)人(ren)帶領宋(song)(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)，準備擁奉宋(song)(song)(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)同母(mu)弟司(si)城公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)須(xu)來(lai)發動叛亂(luan)，同年十二月(yue)，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)殺死(si)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)須(xu)和宋(song)(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)，讓(rang)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的族(zu)(zu)人(ren)在司(si)馬子(zi)伯(bo)的賓館里攻打(da)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)武(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu)(zu)人(ren)，于是就把宋(song)(song)(song)(song)武(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的族(zu)(zu)人(ren)驅逐出境(jing)，派遣公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫師擔(dan)任司(si)城。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)朝去世，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)派樂(le)呂擔(dan)任司(si)寇(kou)，來(lai)安定國(guo)內的人(ren)心。
宋文公(gong)四年（公(gong)元(yuan)前606年）春天，鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)公(gong)子歸生接受楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)命令攻打宋國(guo)(guo)。宋文公(gong)派(pai)華(hua)元(yuan)、樂(le)呂帶兵(bing)抵御(yu)。二月初十(shi)日(ri)，雙方在(zai)大棘(ji)開戰，宋軍大敗(bai)。鄭(zheng)軍俘(fu)虜華(hua)元(yuan)，得到(dao)樂(le)呂的尸首，繳獲(huo)戰車四百六十(shi)輛，俘(fu)虜二百五十(shi)人，割下(xia)一百名(ming)宋軍陣亡士兵(bing)的耳朵。
華元(yuan)準(zhun)備(bei)與(yu)鄭(zheng)軍開戰時，殺羊(yang)(yang)(yang)犒賞士兵(bing)，他的車夫羊(yang)(yang)(yang)斟(zhen)沒有吃到羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉羹汁，所以(yi)怨恨華元(yuan)。等到兩軍交戰，羊(yang)(yang)(yang)斟(zhen)說：“前天(tian)的羊(yang)(yang)(yang)，是你作主；今天(tian)的打仗(zhang)，是我作主。”就驅車沖進鄭(zheng)軍軍中，因此宋軍戰敗，鄭(zheng)軍得以(yi)活(huo)捉華元(yuan)。
宋(song)文(wen)公(gong)用一(yi)百(bai)(bai)輛戰車、四百(bai)(bai)匹(pi)毛色漂亮的(de)良馬(ma)，從鄭國(guo)贖回華元。戰車和良馬(ma)還(huan)沒全部送到鄭國(guo)，華元就自己逃回了宋(song)國(guo)。
宋文公(gong)五年（公(gong)元前605年），宋武公(gong)、宋穆公(gong)的(de)(de)族人用曹(cao)國的(de)(de)軍(jun)隊攻打宋國。同(tong)年秋天，宋文公(gong)派軍(jun)隊包(bao)圍曹(cao)國，以報復宋武公(gong)等族人的(de)(de)叛亂。
宋文公十(shi)一年(nian)（公元前600年(nian)）冬天，宋文公乘滕國有喪事之機，派兵(bing)包圍滕國。
宋文(wen)(wen)公(gong)十二年(nian)（公(gong)元前599年(nian)），滕國人依靠晉國而不事奉(feng)宋國。同年(nian)六月(yue)，宋文(wen)(wen)公(gong)再(zai)度派(pai)兵進攻滕國。
宋(song)文公十(shi)五年(nian)（公元前597年(nian)）夏天，楚國(guo)國(guo)君楚莊王因宋(song)國(guo)曾救援(yuan)蕭國(guo)，于是派兵進(jin)攻宋(song)國(guo)。
宋(song)文公(gong)十六年（公(gong)元前596年），楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)使者經過宋(song)國(guo)(guo)，宋(song)國(guo)(guo)與楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)有舊(jiu)仇，便(bian)抓住楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)使者。同年九月，楚(chu)(chu)莊王圍攻宋(song)國(guo)(guo)。
宋文公十七年(nian)（公元前595年(nian)），因(yin)楚軍包圍宋國(guo)(guo)五(wu)個(ge)月不解圍，宋國(guo)(guo)都城中沒有糧食，岌岌可危，于是宋文公派樂嬰齊到(dao)晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)求救。晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)君晉(jin)景(jing)公本想救援宋國(guo)(guo)，但(dan)采納(na)大臣(chen)伯宗(zong)的建議(yi)，就停止發兵(bing)援救宋國(guo)(guo)，只是派遣解揚到(dao)宋國(guo)(guo)去(qu)，讓宋國(guo)(guo)不要投降楚國(guo)(guo)。
宋文公十七年（公元前595年）五月，楚(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)準備撤軍(jun)，但在(zai)申(shen)犀、申(shen)叔(shu)(shu)勸(quan)阻(zu)下楚(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)沒有撤軍(jun)，反而(er)采納(na)申(shen)叔(shu)(shu)的計策，讓人在(zai)宋國建房(fang)子、種田。宋文公害怕，派華(hua)元在(zai)夜里進入楚(chu)軍(jun)營見楚(chu)將子反，子反告訴楚(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)。楚(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)問(wen)：“城中情況(kuang)怎樣(yang)？”華(hua)元說：“劈開人骨頭當(dang)柴燒，互(hu)相交(jiao)換子女來(lai)烹食。”楚(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)說：“多誠實(shi)的話啊！我軍(jun)也(ye)只有兩(liang)天(tian)的軍(jun)糧。”因為華(hua)元的誠實(shi)，楚(chu)國終于罷兵解圍而(er)去(qu)。
宋文公(gong)(gong)二十二年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元前589年(nian)）八月，宋文公(gong)(gong)去(qu)世，其(qi)子宋共公(gong)(gong)繼位。
巧笑倩兮 
