宋(song)文公，子姓(xing)，宋(song)氏，名鮑（一作鮑革(ge)），亦稱公子鮑或公子鮑革(ge)，宋(song)成(cheng)公之子，宋(song)昭公的弟弟。
公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑為人(ren)賢(xian)明，對(dui)國人(ren)以(yi)(yi)禮相待(dai)，當時宋(song)(song)(song)國發生饑荒，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑把(ba)糧食全(quan)部拿(na)出來施舍。對(dui)年紀在七(qi)十歲(sui)以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)，沒(mei)(mei)有(you)不(bu)(bu)送(song)(song)東(dong)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)，還按(an)時令(ling)加送(song)(song)珍貴食品。沒(mei)(mei)有(you)一(yi)天不(bu)(bu)進出六(liu)卿的(de)(de)(de)(de)大門。對(dui)國內有(you)才能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)，沒(mei)(mei)有(you)不(bu)(bu)加事奉的(de)(de)(de)(de)；對(dui)親(qin)屬中從宋(song)(song)(song)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)孫，沒(mei)(mei)有(you)不(bu)(bu)加周(zhou)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑長得漂亮而(er)(er)且艷麗，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑祖父(fu)宋(song)(song)(song)襄(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)（周(zhou)襄(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)王之姐(jie)）想和(he)他私通，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑不(bu)(bu)肯(ken)，襄(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)就幫助他在國人(ren)中廣施恩(en)惠。宋(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)無道，宋(song)(song)(song)國人(ren)都(dou)不(bu)(bu)親(qin)附宋(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)，宋(song)(song)(song)國人(ren)由于襄(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)而(er)(er)擁(yong)護公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑。
宋(song)(song)(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)九(jiu)年（公(gong)元(yuan)前611年），當時(shi)，華元(yuan)擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)右師，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)友擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)左(zuo)師，華耦擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)司(si)(si)(si)馬、鱗鱹擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)，蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)司(si)(si)(si)城，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)朝(chao)擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)司(si)(si)(si)寇。當初，司(si)(si)(si)城蕩(dang)(dang)去世(shi)，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)壽辭掉(diao)司(si)(si)(si)城的(de)(de)(de)官(guan)職，請(qing)求讓(rang)蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)擔(dan)(dan)任(ren)。后來告訴(su)別人(ren)(ren)說(shuo)(shuo)：“國君(jun)無道(dao)，我的(de)(de)(de)官(guan)位(wei)接(jie)近國君(jun)，很(hen)怕禍患引到身(shen)上(shang)。如(ru)果丟(diu)掉(diao)官(guan)職不(bu)(bu)(bu)干，家族就無所庇護(hu)。兒子(zi)(zi)，是我的(de)(de)(de)代表，姑且(qie)讓(rang)我晚點死(si)去。這(zhe)樣，雖然喪(sang)失(shi)兒子(zi)(zi)，還(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)致于(yu)喪(sang)失(shi)家族。”不(bu)(bu)(bu)久以后，襄公(gong)夫人(ren)(ren)準備(bei)讓(rang)宋(song)(song)(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)在孟諸(zhu)(zhu)（今河南(nan)商丘東(dong)北）打獵而乘機殺死(si)他(ta)。宋(song)(song)(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)得(de)知后，帶上(shang)全(quan)部(bu)珍寶出(chu)行。蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)說(shuo)(shuo)：“何不(bu)(bu)(bu)到諸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)那里去？”宋(song)(song)(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)說(shuo)(shuo)：“得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到自己的(de)(de)(de)大夫甚至君(jun)祖母(mu)以及人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)信任(ren)，諸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)誰(shui)肯(ken)接(jie)納我？而且(qie)已經做了別人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)君(jun)主，再做別人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)臣下，不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)死(si)了好。”魯(lu)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)把他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)珍寶全(quan)部(bu)賜給左(zuo)右隨(sui)行人(ren)(ren)員，而讓(rang)他(ta)們離去。襄公(gong)夫人(ren)(ren)派人(ren)(ren)告訴(su)蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)離開宋(song)(song)(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)，蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)回(hui)答說(shuo)(shuo)：“做他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)臣下，而又逃避他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)禍難，怎么(me)能事奉(feng)以后的(de)(de)(de)國君(jun)呢？”
宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)九年（公(gong)元前611年）十一月二十二日，宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)準備去孟諸打獵(lie)，沒有到達，襄公(gong)夫人派遣(qian)帥甸(dian)（《史記》作衛伯）進攻并(bing)殺死宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)，于是公(gong)子鮑繼位，是為宋(song)(song)文公(gong)。
宋文公(gong)元年（公(gong)元前610年）春天，晉國(guo)(guo)荀林(lin)父、衛國(guo)(guo)孔達、陳國(guo)(guo)公(gong)孫(sun)寧、鄭國(guo)(guo)石楚聯(lian)軍攻打宋國(guo)(guo)，譴責宋國(guo)(guo)人殺害宋昭公(gong)。得(de)知宋文公(gong)繼位(wei)的(de)(de)消息(xi)后，便承認宋文公(gong)繼位(wei)的(de)(de)合(he)法性，于是撤兵離去。
宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)二年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前609年(nian)），宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)穆公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)莊公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)的(de)族(zu)人帶(dai)領宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)之子(zi)，準備擁奉宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)母弟司城(cheng)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)須來發動叛亂，同(tong)(tong)年(nian)十二月，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)殺死公(gong)(gong)子(zi)須和宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)之子(zi)，讓宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)莊公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)的(de)族(zu)人在司馬子(zi)伯的(de)賓(bin)館里攻打(da)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)族(zu)人，于是就把宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)穆公(gong)(gong)的(de)族(zu)人驅逐出(chu)境，派(pai)遣公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)師(shi)擔任司城(cheng)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)朝去(qu)世，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)派(pai)樂呂擔任司寇，來安定國(guo)內的(de)人心(xin)。
宋文公(gong)四(si)年（公(gong)元(yuan)前606年）春(chun)天(tian)，鄭國公(gong)子歸生(sheng)接(jie)受楚國命(ming)令(ling)攻打宋國。宋文公(gong)派華元(yuan)、樂呂帶兵抵御。二(er)(er)月初十日，雙(shuang)方(fang)在大棘(ji)開戰，宋軍大敗。鄭軍俘(fu)虜華元(yuan)，得到樂呂的尸首(shou)，繳獲(huo)戰車四(si)百六十輛，俘(fu)虜二(er)(er)百五十人，割下(xia)一百名宋軍陣亡士兵的耳(er)朵(duo)。
華(hua)元準備與鄭(zheng)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)開戰(zhan)時(shi)，殺羊(yang)(yang)犒(kao)賞士兵，他的車(che)夫羊(yang)(yang)斟(zhen)沒有吃到羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)羹汁，所(suo)以(yi)怨恨華(hua)元。等到兩軍(jun)(jun)(jun)交戰(zhan)，羊(yang)(yang)斟(zhen)說：“前天(tian)的羊(yang)(yang)，是(shi)你作(zuo)主；今天(tian)的打仗，是(shi)我作(zuo)主。”就驅車(che)沖進鄭(zheng)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)中，因此宋軍(jun)(jun)(jun)戰(zhan)敗，鄭(zheng)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)得以(yi)活捉華(hua)元。
宋(song)文公用一百輛戰車、四百匹毛色漂亮的良(liang)馬(ma)，從鄭國(guo)贖回(hui)華元(yuan)。戰車和良(liang)馬(ma)還沒全部(bu)送(song)到鄭國(guo)，華元(yuan)就(jiu)自己(ji)逃(tao)回(hui)了宋(song)國(guo)。
宋(song)文公五年（公元前605年），宋(song)武公、宋(song)穆公的族人用曹(cao)國的軍(jun)隊(dui)攻打宋(song)國。同(tong)年秋天，宋(song)文公派(pai)軍(jun)隊(dui)包圍曹(cao)國，以報復宋(song)武公等族人的叛亂。
宋(song)文公十一(yi)年(nian)（公元(yuan)前600年(nian)）冬(dong)天，宋(song)文公乘滕國有喪事之(zhi)機，派(pai)兵包圍滕國。
宋文公(gong)十二年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元前599年(nian)(nian)），滕國人(ren)依靠晉國而不(bu)事(shi)奉宋國。同年(nian)(nian)六月(yue)，宋文公(gong)再度派兵進(jin)攻滕國。
宋(song)文公十五年（公元(yuan)前597年）夏天，楚國(guo)國(guo)君(jun)楚莊王因宋(song)國(guo)曾救援蕭國(guo)，于是派兵進(jin)攻宋(song)國(guo)。
宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)十(shi)六年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前596年(nian)），楚國(guo)(guo)使者(zhe)經過宋(song)國(guo)(guo)，宋(song)國(guo)(guo)與楚國(guo)(guo)有舊仇，便抓住楚國(guo)(guo)使者(zhe)。同年(nian)九月，楚莊王圍攻宋(song)國(guo)(guo)。
宋(song)文公十七年（公元前595年），因楚(chu)軍包圍宋(song)國(guo)(guo)五個月(yue)不解(jie)圍，宋(song)國(guo)(guo)都城(cheng)中沒有糧食，岌岌可危，于是宋(song)文公派樂(le)嬰齊到晉國(guo)(guo)求(qiu)救(jiu)(jiu)。晉國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)君晉景公本想(xiang)救(jiu)(jiu)援(yuan)宋(song)國(guo)(guo)，但采納大臣伯宗的建議，就(jiu)停止發(fa)兵援(yuan)救(jiu)(jiu)宋(song)國(guo)(guo)，只是派遣解(jie)揚(yang)到宋(song)國(guo)(guo)去，讓宋(song)國(guo)(guo)不要投降楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)。
宋文公十(shi)七年(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)前595年(nian)）五月，楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)王準(zhun)備撤軍(jun)(jun)，但在(zai)申(shen)(shen)犀(xi)、申(shen)(shen)叔勸阻下楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)王沒有撤軍(jun)(jun)，反(fan)而采納申(shen)(shen)叔的計策(ce)，讓人在(zai)宋國建房子(zi)(zi)(zi)、種田。宋文公害怕，派華元(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)夜里進入楚(chu)(chu)軍(jun)(jun)營見楚(chu)(chu)將子(zi)(zi)(zi)反(fan)，子(zi)(zi)(zi)反(fan)告(gao)訴楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)王。楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)王問：“城中情(qing)況怎樣？”華元(yuan)(yuan)說：“劈開(kai)人骨頭(tou)當柴燒，互相(xiang)交換子(zi)(zi)(zi)女來烹食。”楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)王說：“多(duo)誠實(shi)(shi)的話啊！我(wo)軍(jun)(jun)也只有兩天的軍(jun)(jun)糧。”因為華元(yuan)(yuan)的誠實(shi)(shi)，楚(chu)(chu)國終于罷兵解(jie)圍而去。
宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)二十二年（公(gong)(gong)元前589年）八月，宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)去世，其子(zi)宋(song)共(gong)公(gong)(gong)繼位。
巧笑倩兮 
