宋文(wen)公(gong)，子姓，宋氏，名鮑（一作鮑革），亦稱公(gong)子鮑或公(gong)子鮑革，宋成公(gong)之子，宋昭公(gong)的(de)弟弟。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子鮑(bao)(bao)為(wei)人(ren)賢明，對國人(ren)以(yi)禮相待(dai)，當(dang)時宋(song)(song)(song)國發生饑荒，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子鮑(bao)(bao)把(ba)糧食全部拿(na)出來施舍。對年(nian)紀在(zai)七十歲以(yi)上(shang)的(de)，沒有(you)(you)不(bu)送東西的(de)，還(huan)按(an)時令加(jia)送珍貴食品(pin)。沒有(you)(you)一天不(bu)進(jin)出六卿的(de)大門。對國內有(you)(you)才能的(de)人(ren)，沒有(you)(you)不(bu)加(jia)事奉的(de)；對親屬中(zhong)從宋(song)(song)(song)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)下的(de)子孫，沒有(you)(you)不(bu)加(jia)周(zhou)(zhou)濟的(de)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子鮑(bao)(bao)長得漂亮而且艷麗，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子鮑(bao)(bao)祖(zu)父宋(song)(song)(song)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)夫(fu)人(ren)（周(zhou)(zhou)襄(xiang)王之姐）想和他(ta)私(si)通，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子鮑(bao)(bao)不(bu)肯，襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)人(ren)就幫助他(ta)在(zai)國人(ren)中(zhong)廣施恩(en)惠。宋(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)無道，宋(song)(song)(song)國人(ren)都不(bu)親附宋(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，宋(song)(song)(song)國人(ren)由于襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)人(ren)的(de)關系而擁(yong)護公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子鮑(bao)(bao)。
宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)九(jiu)年（公(gong)(gong)元前611年），當時，華元擔(dan)任(ren)右師，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)友擔(dan)任(ren)左(zuo)師，華耦(ou)擔(dan)任(ren)司馬、鱗鱹擔(dan)任(ren)司徒，蕩意(yi)(yi)諸(zhu)擔(dan)任(ren)司城(cheng)(cheng)，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)朝擔(dan)任(ren)司寇。當初，司城(cheng)(cheng)蕩去世，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)壽(shou)辭掉司城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)官職(zhi)，請求讓蕩意(yi)(yi)諸(zhu)擔(dan)任(ren)。后(hou)來告(gao)訴別人(ren)說：“國君無道，我(wo)的(de)(de)官位(wei)接近國君，很怕(pa)禍患引到身上(shang)(shang)。如(ru)果丟掉官職(zhi)不干，家族就無所庇護。兒(er)子(zi)(zi)，是我(wo)的(de)(de)代表，姑(gu)且讓我(wo)晚點死去。這樣，雖然(ran)喪失兒(er)子(zi)(zi)，還不致于喪失家族。”不久以(yi)后(hou)，襄公(gong)(gong)夫人(ren)準備讓宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)在孟諸(zhu)（今河南(nan)商丘東(dong)北）打獵(lie)而(er)(er)(er)乘機殺(sha)死他。宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)得知(zhi)后(hou)，帶(dai)上(shang)(shang)全部珍寶出行(xing)(xing)。蕩意(yi)(yi)諸(zhu)說：“何不到諸(zhu)侯(hou)那(nei)里去？”宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)說：“得不到自(zi)己的(de)(de)大夫甚至君祖母以(yi)及人(ren)們的(de)(de)信任(ren)，諸(zhu)侯(hou)誰肯接納我(wo)？而(er)(er)(er)且已經做了(le)別人(ren)的(de)(de)君主(zhu)，再(zai)做別人(ren)的(de)(de)臣(chen)下(xia)，不如(ru)死了(le)好。”魯昭公(gong)(gong)把他的(de)(de)珍寶全部賜給左(zuo)右隨行(xing)(xing)人(ren)員，而(er)(er)(er)讓他們離去。襄公(gong)(gong)夫人(ren)派人(ren)告(gao)訴蕩意(yi)(yi)諸(zhu)離開宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)，蕩意(yi)(yi)諸(zhu)回答說：“做他的(de)(de)臣(chen)下(xia)，而(er)(er)(er)又逃(tao)避(bi)他的(de)(de)禍難，怎(zen)么能事(shi)奉以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)國君呢(ni)？”
宋昭(zhao)公九(jiu)年（公元前611年）十一月二(er)十二(er)日(ri)，宋昭(zhao)公準(zhun)備去(qu)孟(meng)諸打獵，沒有到達(da)，襄公夫人派遣帥甸（《史記》作衛伯）進攻(gong)并殺死宋昭(zhao)公，于是(shi)公子(zi)鮑繼位，是(shi)為宋文公。
宋文公(gong)元年（公(gong)元前610年）春天，晉(jin)國(guo)荀林父、衛國(guo)孔(kong)達、陳國(guo)公(gong)孫寧、鄭國(guo)石楚聯軍攻打宋國(guo)，譴責宋國(guo)人殺害宋昭公(gong)。得知宋文公(gong)繼位的消(xiao)息后(hou)，便承認宋文公(gong)繼位的合法性，于是撤(che)兵(bing)離去。
宋(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)二年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前609年(nian)），宋(song)(song)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)族(zu)人(ren)帶領宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)之子(zi)(zi)，準備擁奉(feng)宋(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)同母弟司城公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)須來發動叛(pan)亂，同年(nian)十二月(yue)，宋(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)殺死公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)須和宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)之子(zi)(zi)，讓宋(song)(song)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)族(zu)人(ren)在司馬子(zi)(zi)伯(bo)的(de)(de)賓(bin)館里(li)攻打宋(song)(song)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu)人(ren)，于是就把(ba)宋(song)(song)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)族(zu)人(ren)驅逐(zhu)出境，派遣公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫師(shi)擔任司城。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)朝去世(shi)，宋(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)派樂(le)呂擔任司寇，來安定國內的(de)(de)人(ren)心。
宋文(wen)公四(si)年(nian)（公元(yuan)前606年(nian)）春天，鄭國(guo)(guo)公子歸生接受(shou)楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)命令攻打宋國(guo)(guo)。宋文(wen)公派華元(yuan)、樂呂(lv)帶兵(bing)抵御。二月初十(shi)日，雙方在大(da)棘開戰，宋軍大(da)敗。鄭軍俘(fu)虜華元(yuan)，得到樂呂(lv)的(de)尸首，繳獲戰車四(si)百六十(shi)輛，俘(fu)虜二百五十(shi)人，割(ge)下一(yi)百名宋軍陣亡士(shi)兵(bing)的(de)耳朵(duo)。
華元(yuan)準(zhun)備與(yu)鄭(zheng)軍(jun)開戰時，殺羊(yang)犒(kao)賞士兵，他的(de)(de)車(che)夫(fu)羊(yang)斟沒有吃到(dao)羊(yang)肉羹汁，所以怨恨華元(yuan)。等到(dao)兩軍(jun)交戰，羊(yang)斟說：“前(qian)天的(de)(de)羊(yang)，是你作主；今天的(de)(de)打仗，是我作主。”就驅(qu)車(che)沖進鄭(zheng)軍(jun)軍(jun)中，因此宋軍(jun)戰敗，鄭(zheng)軍(jun)得以活捉華元(yuan)。
宋文公用一百輛戰(zhan)車(che)、四百匹毛色漂(piao)亮的(de)良馬(ma)，從鄭國(guo)贖回(hui)華(hua)元。戰(zhan)車(che)和良馬(ma)還沒(mei)全部送(song)到鄭國(guo)，華(hua)元就(jiu)自己逃(tao)回(hui)了宋國(guo)。
宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)五年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元前605年(nian)(nian)），宋(song)武公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)穆公(gong)(gong)的(de)族(zu)人用曹(cao)國的(de)軍(jun)隊攻(gong)打宋(song)國。同年(nian)(nian)秋天，宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)派軍(jun)隊包(bao)圍曹(cao)國，以報(bao)復宋(song)武公(gong)(gong)等族(zu)人的(de)叛亂。
宋文公十(shi)一年（公元前600年）冬(dong)天，宋文公乘滕國有喪事之機，派兵包圍(wei)滕國。
宋文(wen)公(gong)(gong)十(shi)二年（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前599年），滕國人依(yi)靠(kao)晉(jin)國而不(bu)事奉(feng)宋國。同年六月(yue)，宋文(wen)公(gong)(gong)再度派兵進攻滕國。
宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)十五年（公(gong)(gong)元前597年）夏天，楚(chu)國(guo)國(guo)君楚(chu)莊王因(yin)宋(song)國(guo)曾救(jiu)援蕭國(guo)，于是派兵進攻宋(song)國(guo)。
宋文公(gong)十六年（公(gong)元前596年），楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)使者經過宋國(guo)，宋國(guo)與(yu)楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)有(you)舊仇(chou)，便抓住(zhu)楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)使者。同年九月，楚(chu)(chu)莊王圍攻宋國(guo)。
宋(song)(song)(song)文(wen)公十七年(nian)（公元前595年(nian)），因楚軍包圍宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五個月不解圍，宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都城(cheng)中沒(mei)有糧食(shi)，岌(ji)岌(ji)可危，于(yu)是宋(song)(song)(song)文(wen)公派樂嬰齊到晉國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)求救。晉國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君晉景公本想救援(yuan)(yuan)宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，但采納大臣伯(bo)宗(zong)的(de)建(jian)議，就停止發兵援(yuan)(yuan)救宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，只(zhi)是派遣解揚到宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)去，讓宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不要投降楚國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。
宋文公(gong)十七(qi)年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)前595年(nian)(nian)）五月，楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)準備撤軍(jun)，但在申(shen)犀(xi)、申(shen)叔勸阻下(xia)楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)沒有(you)撤軍(jun)，反(fan)而采納(na)申(shen)叔的計策，讓人在宋國(guo)建房子、種田。宋文公(gong)害怕，派華(hua)元(yuan)在夜里進(jin)入楚(chu)(chu)軍(jun)營(ying)見(jian)楚(chu)(chu)將子反(fan)，子反(fan)告(gao)訴楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)。楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)問：“城中情況怎(zen)樣？”華(hua)元(yuan)說：“劈開人骨(gu)頭當柴燒，互(hu)相交換子女來(lai)烹食。”楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)說：“多誠(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)的話(hua)啊！我(wo)軍(jun)也只有(you)兩天的軍(jun)糧。”因為華(hua)元(yuan)的誠(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)，楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)終于罷兵解圍而去。
宋文公二十二年（公元前(qian)589年）八月，宋文公去(qu)世，其子宋共公繼位。
巧笑倩兮 
