宋(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)，子(zi)姓，宋(song)(song)氏，名鮑(bao)（一作鮑(bao)革），亦稱公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)或公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)革，宋(song)(song)成公(gong)(gong)之子(zi)，宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)的弟弟。
公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)為(wei)人賢明，對(dui)國(guo)人以禮(li)相待，當時(shi)宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)發(fa)生饑荒(huang)，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)把(ba)糧食全部拿出(chu)來施舍(she)。對(dui)年紀在七十歲(sui)以上(shang)的，沒(mei)有不送東西的，還按時(shi)令加送珍貴食品。沒(mei)有一天不進出(chu)六卿的大門(men)。對(dui)國(guo)內有才能的人，沒(mei)有不加事奉的；對(dui)親屬中(zhong)從宋(song)(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)以下的子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)，沒(mei)有不加周(zhou)濟的。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)長得漂亮而且(qie)艷(yan)麗，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)祖(zu)父宋(song)(song)(song)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)的夫人（周(zhou)襄(xiang)王之姐）想和他私通，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)不肯，襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)夫人就幫(bang)助他在國(guo)人中(zhong)廣施恩(en)惠。宋(song)(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)無道，宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)人都(dou)不親附宋(song)(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)，宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)人由于襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)夫人的關系而擁護公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)。
宋(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)九年（公(gong)元前611年），當時，華(hua)元擔(dan)(dan)任右師，公(gong)子(zi)友擔(dan)(dan)任左師，華(hua)耦擔(dan)(dan)任司(si)馬、鱗鱹擔(dan)(dan)任司(si)徒，蕩(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)擔(dan)(dan)任司(si)城，公(gong)子(zi)朝擔(dan)(dan)任司(si)寇。當初，司(si)城蕩(dang)去(qu)世，公(gong)子(zi)壽(shou)辭掉司(si)城的官職(zhi)，請求(qiu)讓蕩(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)擔(dan)(dan)任。后(hou)來告訴別(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)說(shuo)：“國(guo)(guo)君(jun)無道(dao)，我(wo)的官位(wei)接(jie)近國(guo)(guo)君(jun)，很怕禍患引到身上。如果丟掉官職(zhi)不(bu)(bu)干，家族就無所庇(bi)護。兒(er)子(zi)，是我(wo)的代表，姑且讓我(wo)晚點死(si)去(qu)。這樣(yang)，雖(sui)然喪(sang)失兒(er)子(zi)，還不(bu)(bu)致于喪(sang)失家族。”不(bu)(bu)久以后(hou)，襄(xiang)公(gong)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)準備讓宋(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)在孟諸(zhu)(zhu)（今河南商丘東(dong)北）打獵而(er)(er)乘機殺死(si)他(ta)(ta)(ta)。宋(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)得(de)知(zhi)后(hou)，帶上全部珍(zhen)寶出行。蕩(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)說(shuo)：“何不(bu)(bu)到諸(zhu)(zhu)侯那(nei)里去(qu)？”宋(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)說(shuo)：“得(de)不(bu)(bu)到自己的大(da)夫甚至君(jun)祖(zu)母以及人(ren)(ren)(ren)們的信任，諸(zhu)(zhu)侯誰肯接(jie)納我(wo)？而(er)(er)且已經做了(le)別(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的君(jun)主(zhu)，再做別(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的臣下(xia)，不(bu)(bu)如死(si)了(le)好。”魯昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)把他(ta)(ta)(ta)的珍(zhen)寶全部賜給(gei)左右隨行人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，而(er)(er)讓他(ta)(ta)(ta)們離去(qu)。襄(xiang)公(gong)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)派(pai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)告訴蕩(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)離開宋(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)，蕩(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)回答說(shuo)：“做他(ta)(ta)(ta)的臣下(xia)，而(er)(er)又逃(tao)避他(ta)(ta)(ta)的禍難，怎么能(neng)事奉以后(hou)的國(guo)(guo)君(jun)呢？”
宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公九年(nian)（公元前611年(nian)）十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)二十(shi)二日，宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公準(zhun)備去(qu)孟諸(zhu)打獵，沒有到達(da)，襄(xiang)公夫人派遣帥甸（《史記》作衛伯）進攻并殺死宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公，于是(shi)公子(zi)鮑繼(ji)位，是(shi)為宋(song)(song)文(wen)公。
宋(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公元年（公元前610年）春天，晉國(guo)(guo)荀林父、衛國(guo)(guo)孔達、陳國(guo)(guo)公孫寧、鄭國(guo)(guo)石(shi)楚聯軍攻打(da)宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)，譴責宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)人殺害宋(song)(song)昭公。得(de)知宋(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公繼位(wei)的消息(xi)后(hou)，便承認(ren)宋(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公繼位(wei)的合法性，于(yu)是(shi)撤兵離去。
宋(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)二年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)609年(nian)），宋(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)族(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)帶領宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)之子(zi)(zi)，準備擁奉宋(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)母弟(di)司城(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)須來發動(dong)叛亂，同(tong)(tong)年(nian)十二月，宋(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)殺死公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)須和宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)之子(zi)(zi)，讓(rang)宋(song)(song)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)族(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)司馬子(zi)(zi)伯的(de)(de)賓館里(li)攻(gong)打宋(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)，于是就把宋(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)族(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)驅(qu)逐出境，派遣公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫師擔任(ren)司城(cheng)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)朝去(qu)世，宋(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)派樂呂(lv)擔任(ren)司寇(kou)，來安定國內的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)心。
宋(song)文(wen)公四年(nian)（公元(yuan)前606年(nian)）春天(tian)，鄭國(guo)公子歸(gui)生接受(shou)楚國(guo)命(ming)令攻打(da)宋(song)國(guo)。宋(song)文(wen)公派華元(yuan)、樂呂帶(dai)兵(bing)抵御(yu)。二月初十日，雙(shuang)方(fang)在大棘開戰，宋(song)軍(jun)大敗。鄭軍(jun)俘(fu)虜華元(yuan)，得到樂呂的(de)尸首，繳獲戰車四百六十輛(liang)，俘(fu)虜二百五十人，割下一百名宋(song)軍(jun)陣亡(wang)士兵(bing)的(de)耳(er)朵(duo)。
華(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)準備與鄭軍(jun)開戰(zhan)(zhan)時，殺羊(yang)犒賞士兵，他的車(che)夫羊(yang)斟沒有吃到羊(yang)肉羹汁(zhi)，所以怨(yuan)恨華(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)。等到兩軍(jun)交戰(zhan)(zhan)，羊(yang)斟說(shuo)：“前天的羊(yang)，是(shi)你作主(zhu)；今天的打仗，是(shi)我作主(zhu)。”就驅(qu)車(che)沖(chong)進鄭軍(jun)軍(jun)中(zhong)，因此宋軍(jun)戰(zhan)(zhan)敗，鄭軍(jun)得(de)以活捉華(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)。
宋(song)文公用一百輛戰車、四百匹毛色漂(piao)亮的(de)良馬(ma)，從鄭國贖回(hui)華元(yuan)。戰車和良馬(ma)還沒全(quan)部(bu)送到鄭國，華元(yuan)就(jiu)自己(ji)逃(tao)回(hui)了宋(song)國。
宋(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前605年(nian)(nian)(nian)），宋(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)的族人(ren)用曹國(guo)的軍(jun)隊攻打宋(song)(song)國(guo)。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋天，宋(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)派(pai)軍(jun)隊包(bao)圍曹國(guo)，以報復宋(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)等族人(ren)的叛亂(luan)。
宋(song)文(wen)公(gong)十一年(nian)（公(gong)元前(qian)600年(nian)）冬天，宋(song)文(wen)公(gong)乘滕國(guo)有喪事之機，派兵包圍(wei)滕國(guo)。
宋文公(gong)十(shi)二年（公(gong)元(yuan)前599年），滕國人依靠晉(jin)國而(er)不事(shi)奉宋國。同(tong)年六月，宋文公(gong)再度派(pai)兵進(jin)攻滕國。
宋文公十(shi)五年（公元前597年）夏天(tian)，楚國(guo)國(guo)君楚莊王因宋國(guo)曾救(jiu)援蕭國(guo)，于是派兵進攻宋國(guo)。
宋(song)文公(gong)十六年（公(gong)元(yuan)前596年），楚國(guo)(guo)使者經過宋(song)國(guo)(guo)，宋(song)國(guo)(guo)與楚國(guo)(guo)有舊仇，便(bian)抓住楚國(guo)(guo)使者。同年九月，楚莊王圍攻宋(song)國(guo)(guo)。
宋(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)十七年(nian)（公(gong)元前595年(nian)），因楚軍包圍宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)五(wu)個月不解(jie)(jie)圍，宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)都城(cheng)中沒(mei)有糧食，岌岌可危，于是(shi)宋(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)派(pai)樂嬰齊(qi)到晉國(guo)(guo)求救(jiu)。晉國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)君晉景公(gong)本想救(jiu)援宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)，但采納大臣(chen)伯(bo)宗的建議，就停(ting)止發兵援救(jiu)宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)，只是(shi)派(pai)遣解(jie)(jie)揚到宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)去(qu)，讓(rang)宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)不要投降(jiang)楚國(guo)(guo)。
宋文公十(shi)七年（公元(yuan)前595年）五(wu)月，楚(chu)莊王準備撤軍(jun)，但在(zai)(zai)申犀、申叔(shu)勸阻下楚(chu)莊王沒(mei)有撤軍(jun)，反(fan)(fan)而(er)采納申叔(shu)的計策，讓人在(zai)(zai)宋國建房子、種田。宋文公害怕(pa)，派華元(yuan)在(zai)(zai)夜(ye)里進入楚(chu)軍(jun)營見楚(chu)將(jiang)子反(fan)(fan)，子反(fan)(fan)告訴楚(chu)莊王。楚(chu)莊王問：“城(cheng)中情況怎樣？”華元(yuan)說：“劈開人骨(gu)頭當(dang)柴燒，互相(xiang)交換子女來烹食(shi)。”楚(chu)莊王說：“多誠實的話啊！我軍(jun)也(ye)只(zhi)有兩天的軍(jun)糧。”因為華元(yuan)的誠實，楚(chu)國終于罷兵解圍而(er)去。
宋(song)文公(gong)二十二年(nian)（公(gong)元前589年(nian)）八(ba)月，宋(song)文公(gong)去世，其子宋(song)共公(gong)繼(ji)位(wei)。
巧笑倩兮 
