浙江、福建(jian)、江西(xi)、湖南(nan)、廣東、廣西(xi)、海南(nan)、四(si)川、貴州
攻擊(ji)性強(qiang),有毒。棲息于(yu)山區森林中,夜(ye)間活(huo)動,很少咬人。
吞食其他小蛇。
體(ti)形特征(zheng) 大者全(quan)長(chang)(chang)561毫米(mi)。有(you)(you)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)溝牙(ya)。頭(tou)背眼后(hou)有(you)(you)一黃(huang)白(bai)色(se)(se)“∧”形斑(ban);背面(mian)紫褐色(se)(se),有(you)(you)黑色(se)(se)橫(heng)帶,在(zai)軀干(gan)部有(you)(you)19~21條(tiao)(tiao),在(zai)尾部有(you)(you)3~4條(tiao)(tiao);背鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)光滑(hua),通體(ti)15行(xing);腹鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)176~198;肛鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)二枚(mei)(mei);尾下(xia)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)30~36對(dui)(dui)。小型(xing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)溝牙(ya)類毒蛇(she),最大全(quan)長(chang)(chang)/尾長(chang)(chang):雄630/65mm,雌710/65mm。頭(tou)背色(se)(se)黑,有(you)(you)兩條(tiao)(tiao)黃(huang)白(bai)色(se)(se)橫(heng)紋(wen),前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)條(tiao)(tiao)細(xi),橫(heng)跨兩眼,后(hou)條(tiao)(tiao)較(jiao)粗,呈倒“V”形。背面(mian)紅褐色(se)(se),有(you)(you)1枚(mei)(mei)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)寬的黑橫(heng)紋(wen)17~22+3~4條(tiao)(tiao);腹面(mian)白(bai)色(se)(se),各腹鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)無或有(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)短不等的黑橫(heng)斑(ban)。沒有(you)(you)頰鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin),眶前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)1,眶后(hou)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)2,顳(nie)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)1+2;上唇鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)7(2-2-3式),下(xia)唇鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)6或7,前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)4枚(mei)(mei)或前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)3枚(mei)(mei)接前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)頜(he)片(pian);頜(he)片(pian)2對(dui)(dui)。背鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)平滑(hua),15-15-15行(xing);腹鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)185~197;肛鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)二分(fen);尾下(xia)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)27~36對(dui)(dui)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)溝牙(ya)之后(hou)沒有(you)(you)普通上頜(he)齒。
本(ben)屬蛇類含神經(jing)毒(du),導致反射失調(diao)、痙(jing)攣、驚厥、麻痹,最后死亡。雖然(ran)這些(xie)癥狀可能是(shi)幾種蛇毒(du)組分協同(tong)作(zuo)用的結果(guo),但很明顯(xian)是(shi)以損壞神經(jing)機能,主要是(shi)神經(jing)肌肉傳遞為主的神經(jing)毒(du)作(zuo)用。