浙江、福建、江西(xi)、湖南、廣(guang)(guang)東、廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)、海南、四(si)川、貴州(zhou)
攻擊性強,有毒。棲(qi)息于山區(qu)森林中(zhong),夜間活動(dong),很少(shao)咬人(ren)。
吞食其他小蛇。
體形特(te)征 大者全(quan)長(chang)(chang)561毫米(mi)。有(you)(you)前(qian)(qian)溝牙(ya)。頭(tou)背(bei)眼后有(you)(you)一黃白(bai)(bai)色(se)“∧”形斑;背(bei)面(mian)紫(zi)褐(he)(he)色(se),有(you)(you)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)帶(dai),在(zai)軀干部(bu)有(you)(you)19~21條(tiao)(tiao),在(zai)尾部(bu)有(you)(you)3~4條(tiao)(tiao);背(bei)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)光滑,通(tong)體15行(xing);腹鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)176~198;肛鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)二枚(mei);尾下鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)30~36對(dui)。小(xiao)型(xing)前(qian)(qian)溝牙(ya)類毒蛇(she),最大全(quan)長(chang)(chang)/尾長(chang)(chang):雄630/65mm,雌(ci)710/65mm。頭(tou)背(bei)色(se)黑(hei)(hei),有(you)(you)兩條(tiao)(tiao)黃白(bai)(bai)色(se)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)紋(wen),前(qian)(qian)條(tiao)(tiao)細,橫(heng)(heng)(heng)跨(kua)兩眼,后條(tiao)(tiao)較粗,呈倒“V”形。背(bei)面(mian)紅褐(he)(he)色(se),有(you)(you)1枚(mei)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)寬的黑(hei)(hei)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)紋(wen)17~22 3~4條(tiao)(tiao);腹面(mian)白(bai)(bai)色(se),各腹鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)無或有(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)短不等的黑(hei)(hei)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)斑。沒(mei)有(you)(you)頰鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin),眶前(qian)(qian)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)1,眶后鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)2,顳鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)1 2;上(shang)唇(chun)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)7(2-2-3式(shi)),下唇(chun)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)6或7,前(qian)(qian)4枚(mei)或前(qian)(qian)3枚(mei)接前(qian)(qian)頜片;頜片2對(dui)。背(bei)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)平滑,15-15-15行(xing);腹鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)185~197;肛鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)二分;尾下鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)27~36對(dui)。前(qian)(qian)溝牙(ya)之(zhi)后沒(mei)有(you)(you)普通(tong)上(shang)頜齒。
本屬蛇(she)類含(han)神經毒(du)(du),導致反射(she)失調(diao)、痙攣、驚厥、麻痹,最后死亡。雖然這(zhe)些癥狀可能是幾種(zhong)蛇(she)毒(du)(du)組分(fen)協同(tong)作用的結果,但很明(ming)顯是以(yi)損(sun)壞神經機能,主(zhu)要是神經肌(ji)肉(rou)傳遞為(wei)主(zhu)的神經毒(du)(du)作用。