新湖公(gong)園位(wei)于(yu)廣東省茂名市(shi)區人民北路,1987年建成,公(gong)園面(mian)積為22.26公(gong)頃,其中水(shui)面(mian)積10.13公(gong)頃;建筑面(mian)積只(zhi)有(you)0.28公(gong)頃,僅占(zhan)總面(mian)積的1.3%。
公園(yuan)內分三個功能區(qu)。北(bei)(bei)區(qu)是(shi)安靜(jing)休(xiu)息(xi)區(qu),有(you)大片(pian)綠(lv)地(di),樹木成林,植物品種豐(feng)富(fu)。東區(qu)是(shi)景觀區(qu),有(you)大型(xing)假山水(shui)池(chi)和大型(xing)雕塑。另(ling)一(yi)(yi)個是(shi)湖(hu)區(qu),湖(hu)中(zhong)有(you)兩島,一(yi)(yi)為北(bei)(bei)島,一(yi)(yi)為浮(fu)丘。浮(fu)丘上建園(yuan)中(zhong)園(yuan)“探勝”,以多種形式的園(yuan)林小品和豐(feng)富(fu)的植物品種構成高(gao)雅幽靜(jing)的環(huan)境。新湖(hu)公園(yuan)是(shi)茂名(ming)市市民常去游(you)玩(wan)、休(xiu)閑的好地(di)方。
新湖公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)創作手法上(shang),在(zai)(zai)繼承傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)逐步有(you)(you)所(suo)創新。在(zai)(zai)許(xu)多方面(mian)努力實現(xian)社會(hui)主(zhu)義的(de)(de)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)游憩(qi)生(sheng)活內容(rong)與民(min)族化的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)相統(tong)一(yi)。就(jiu)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)創作而(er)言(yan),中(zhong)國自(zi)然山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)得(de)到了(le)發(fa)揚。絕大多數新建(jian)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)都采取(qu)自(zi)然山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)(shi),構景(jing)主(zhu)體是山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui),因山(shan)(shan)就(jiu)水(shui)(shui)布(bu)置亭榭堂屋、花(hua)(hua)草(cao)樹木,例如(ru)(ru)西安興慶公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(圖2)和(he)上(shang)海長風公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。就(jiu)植(zhi)物造景(jing)而(er)言(yan),對(dui)植(zhi)物題材(cai)的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)用(yong),如(ru)(ru)同(tong)對(dui)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)處理(li)一(yi)樣,首(shou)先通過對(dui)植(zhi)物形(xing)態和(he)生(sheng)態習性的(de)(de)認識所(suo)激發(fa)的(de)(de)情感來表現(xian)植(zhi)物的(de)(de)個性特(te)征,其次是注意(yi)種植(zhi)位置。西方園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林中(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)些植(zhi)物造景(jing)手法(如(ru)(ru)大面(mian)積緩(huan)坡草(cao)坪)也(ye)得(de)到運(yun)(yun)用(yong),例如(ru)(ru)杭州花(hua)(hua)港觀魚(yu)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)南京藥物花(hua)(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(見彩圖)。就(jiu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林建(jian)筑(zhu)而(er)言(yan),力求把建(jian)筑(zhu)與自(zi)然融為一(yi)體,注意(yi)建(jian)筑(zhu)類型與山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)環境之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)機統(tong)一(yi),并主(zhu)要采取(qu)了(le)民(min)族形(xing)式(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)空間(jian)(jian)構圖、比例尺度和(he)結構工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)上(shang),也(ye)引用(yong)了(le)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)手法、材(cai)料和(he)施工(gong)技術(shu),出現(xian)了(le)大批神似傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai) 園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林建(jian)筑(zhu),例如(ru)(ru)杭州曲(qu)院風荷公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)桂林蘆笛巖公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。此外,中(zhong)國園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林中(zhong)注重文學情趣和(he)哲理(li)意(yi)義的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong),也(ye)在(zai)(zai)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)有(you)(you)所(suo)體現(xian)。多數景(jing)點、景(jing)區(qu)都根據設計構思和(he)觀賞效果(guo)的(de)(de)統(tong)一(yi)來命名,主(zhu)要園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林建(jian)筑(zhu)也(ye)常(chang)配有(you)(you)詩詞(ci)楹聯或匾(bian)額題字,例如(ru)(ru)蕪湖翠(cui)明園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)廣州蘭圃(pu)。
中(zhong)國各地公(gong)園(yuan)在(zai)長(chang)期的(de)發(fa)展中(zhong)逐步形成(cheng)了一些地方(fang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)。例(li)如,廣(guang)州公(gong)園(yuan)的(de)地方(fang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)主(zhu)要(yao)表現在(zai):植(zhi)物造景上(shang)情(qing)調熱烈,形成(cheng)四季(ji)花(hua)(hua)潮;園(yuan)林建筑上(shang)布(bu)局(ju)自由明朗;山水(shui)結(jie)構上(shang)注重水(shui)景的(de)自然(ran)式(shi)布(bu)局(ju);擅長(chang)運用塑(su)石(shi)工藝和“園(yuan)中(zhong)園(yuan)”形式(shi)等。哈爾濱公(gong)園(yuan)的(de)地方(fang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)主(zhu)要(yao)表現在(zai):采取有軸(zhou)線的(de)規整形式(shi)平面布(bu)局(ju);園(yuan)林建筑受俄(e)羅斯建筑風(feng)(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)的(de)影響;大量運用雕塑(su)和五(wu)色草花(hua)(hua)壇作為公(gong)園(yuan)綠地的(de)點景;以夏季(ji)野游為主(zhu)的(de)游憩環境;冬季(ji)利用冰雕雪塑(su)造景等。