宋氏祖居及(ji)宋慶齡陳列館(guan)是(shi)全國青少年愛國主義教育基地,位(wei)于(yu)文昌市昌灑鎮古路園(yuan)村(cun)。管理單位(wei)是(shi)文昌市宋慶齡基金會。
宋(song)(song)氏祖(zu)居(ju)為傳(chuan)統的海(hai)南民宅建(jian)筑,磚(zhuan)瓦土木結構,正(zheng)(zheng)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)凹廊(lang)布(bu)局,設有正(zheng)(zheng)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)間,廚房一(yi)(yi)間,橫(heng)(heng)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)三間,圍(wei)墻門(men)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge),建(jian)筑面(mian)積660平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),圍(wei)墻正(zheng)(zheng)門(men)橫(heng)(heng)楣上(shang)方(fang)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)鄧小平(ping)題寫“宋(song)(song)氏祖(zu)居(ju)”四個(ge)金色大字。宋(song)(song)慶(qing)(qing)齡陳(chen)列館建(jian)于1985年,位(wei)于宋(song)(song)氏祖(zu)居(ju)的西北(bei)側(ce),祖(zu)居(ju)和陳(chen)列館相距85米(mi)(mi),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)者是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)整(zheng)體,占(zhan)地面(mian)積共93.6畝。陳(chen)列館是(shi)一(yi)(yi)座庭院式建(jian)筑,屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頂飾有金黃色琉璃,建(jian)筑面(mian)積420平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),館前(qian)(qian)有面(mian)積達720平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)的兩(liang)(liang)(liang)級平(ping)面(mian)的前(qian)(qian)庭,門(men)口前(qian)(qian)庭正(zheng)(zheng)中豎(shu)立(li)宋(song)(song)慶(qing)(qing)齡半(ban)身(shen)漢(han)白玉(yu)石雕(diao)(diao)像,雕(diao)(diao)像高(gao)1.2米(mi)(mi),基(ji)座高(gao)1.7米(mi)(mi),寬1.5米(mi)(mi),陳(chen)列館院正(zheng)(zheng)中庭院豎(shu)立(li)孫中山(shan)半(ban)身(shen)花崗巖石雕(diao)(diao)像,孫、宋(song)(song)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)座雕(diao)(diao)像在同一(yi)(yi)中軸(zhou)線上(shang),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)雕(diao)(diao)像距離40余米(mi)(mi),其(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)門(men)前(qian)(qian)宋(song)(song)慶(qing)(qing)齡雕(diao)(diao)像左側(ce)約70米(mi)(mi)處豎(shu)立(li)有宋(song)(song)耀如先生花崗巖雕(diao)(diao)像。宋(song)(song)氏祖(zu)居(ju)正(zheng)(zheng)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中廳的墻壁上(shang)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)著宋(song)(song)氏的照片,廳里排設古(gu)色古(gu)香的椅子,橫(heng)(heng)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里有石磨(mo)和腳舂,墻壁上(shang)懸掛(gua)(gua)(gua)著竹笠(li)和蓑衣,橫(heng)(heng)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)走廊(lang)里擺(bai)放(fang)犁、耙。
陳(chen)列館(guan)大門右墻壁上掛著共青團(tuan)中央制的(de)(de)銘牌(pai),江澤民題寫的(de)(de)牌(pai)匾名(ming)為“全國青少年教育基地”。陳(chen)列館(guan)有三(san)(san)個展廳,分(fen)為一、二(er)、三(san)(san)館(guan),館(guan)里以珍貴的(de)(de)史料(liao)、照片、圖表、繪畫(hua)和(he)仿制實(shi)物等(deng)形式,較全面生(sheng)動翔實(shi)地介紹了宋慶齡光輝的(de)(de)一生(sheng)。
宋(song)(song)(song)慶齡(ling)(ling)的父親(qin)原姓韓,名(ming)教準,其先(xian)祖韓顯卿原住河南相州(zhou)南陽,宋(song)(song)(song)代,官任(ren)浙江會(hui)(hui)稽縣尉(wei),后(hou)升廣東廉州(zhou)太守,公元1197年南遷,先(xian)后(hou)在文昌(chang)錦山、鋪前定(ding)居,后(hou)來,其第(di)十八世(shi)孫(sun)宗騰移居昌(chang)灑古路(lu)園村,宋(song)(song)(song)慶齡(ling)(ling)父親(qin)就(jiu)是在古路(lu)園村出生。宋(song)(song)(song)慶齡(ling)(ling)父親(qin)幼年過(guo)繼(ji)嬸嬸宋(song)(song)(song)氏之弟(di)為(wei)養子,改姓宋(song)(song)(song),名(ming)耀(yao)(yao)如(ru),同盟會(hui)(hui)成立(li)(li)后(hou),宋(song)(song)(song)耀(yao)(yao)如(ru)赴美籌(chou)措(cuo)活動經(jing)費(fei),回國后(hou)建立(li)(li)了同盟會(hui)(hui)秘密總(zong)聯絡部,受孫(sun)中山委托擔(dan)任(ren)了同盟會(hui)(hui)的總(zong)司庫。此后(hou),宋(song)(song)(song)耀(yao)(yao)如(ru)沒有停止過(guo)對革命捐資的支持,被(bei)譽為(wei):“披(pi)肝瀝膽為(wei)民主(zhu),瘁(cui)力(li)殫心輔逸仙”。
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由文(wen)城鎮乘車至(zhi)昌灑(sa)鎮(5一(yi)10元(yuan))、下車后可乘摩(mo)托車(2元(yuan))到達(da);由文(wen)城鎮乘山租(zu)車(30一(yi)40元(yuan)) 逗留(liu)時間:建議30分鐘(zhong)
行家(jia)指點:周邊無任何(he)可食(shi)宿(su)地點、建議回文城鎮食(shi)宿(su)。
東線:
A、海口-文昌:
海口 - 文(wen)昌 — 頭(tou)苑鎮(zhen) —東閣鎮(zhen) — 文(wen)教鎮(zhen) —龍樓鎮(zhen) —銅鼓嶺 — 東郊碼頭(tou) — 瓊海市
沿線附近景點:火山口(kou)公園、海底村莊(zhuang)、東(dong)寨港(gang)紅(hong)樹林、銅鼓嶺(ling)自然(ran)保護區、東(dong)郊椰林、宋氏祖居、七洲(zhou)列島、七星嶺(ling)
海口-文昌:
路線說明:
路程80公里(li),高速公路,時間約在(zai)60分鐘左右(you)。
注意事項:
此(ci)段(duan)(duan)高(gao)速公路(lu)的大部分路(lu)段(duan)(duan)路(lu)面沒有封閉,因(yin)此(ci)行車時(shi)需注意(yi)路(lu)邊不時(shi)出現(xian)的動物如牛(niu)以及摩托車一類準高(gao)速交通工具。
文(wen)昌-頭苑鎮(zhen)-東(dong)閣鎮(zhen)-文(wen)教(jiao)鎮(zhen):
路線說明:
路(lu)程約30公(gong)里,文(wen)昌至龍樓的公(gong)路(lu)正在改(gai)擴建,舊路(lu)和(he)新路(lu)交替,路(lu)況極差,底盤低(di)的車(che)輛(liang)需緩行(xing)。文(wen)昌到東閣(ge)(ge)行(xing)車(che)時(shi)間35分(fen)鐘,東閣(ge)(ge)到文(wen)教(jiao)鎮(zhen)行(xing)車(che)時(shi)間10分(fen)鐘左右。
注意事項:
文(wen)昌市內有(you)93號(hao)汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you),出文(wen)昌以后加(jia)油(you)(you)站汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)只有(you)90號(hao),沒有(you)高標號(hao)汽(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)出售。
文(wen)教鎮-龍樓鎮-銅鼓嶺(ling):
路線說明:
路程25公里。文(wen)教到龍樓行車時間約25分(fen)鐘(zhong)左(zuo)右。龍樓鎮(zhen)以后的路面(mian)為水泥路面(mian)。
宋氏祖居在海(hai)南省(sheng)文昌(chang)(chang)市昌(chang)(chang)灑鎮(zhen)古路園村,距海(hai)口(kou)約80公里(li),距文昌(chang)(chang)縣城(cheng)30公里(li)。
走近宋(song)(song)氏(shi)祖(zu)(zu)居(ju),只見(jian)由鄧小平題寫的“宋(song)(song)氏(shi)祖(zu)(zu)居(ju)”4字匾額掛在門楣上。室內陳列(lie)著(zhu)宋(song)(song)慶齡(ling)的祖(zu)(zu)、父(fu)兩代(dai)人使用過的物品,有種地用的犁和(he)耙(pa),有挑(tiao)水(shui)用的擔和(he)桶,還(huan)有做飯(fan)用的鍋和(he)灶等。墻上還(huan)掛著(zhu)宋(song)(song)慶齡(ling)高祖(zu)(zu)、曾祖(zu)(zu)和(he)祖(zu)(zu)父(fu)的照片、家譜(pu)以及一(yi)些歷史情況(kuang)的介紹。
從(cong)(cong)介(jie)紹中得知,這龐大的宋氏家族原來姓韓(han)(han)(han)(han)。宋慶(qing)齡的高祖叫(jiao)(jiao)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)儒(ru)循,曾祖叫(jiao)(jiao)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)錦彝,祖父(fu)叫(jiao)(jiao)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)鴻(hong)(hong)翼,早先(xian)居(ju)住在(zai)文昌市(shi)羅豆烏坡(po)村(cun)。高祖韓(han)(han)(han)(han)儒(ru)循時遷來古(gu)路園(yuan)村(cun),從(cong)(cong)此,韓(han)(han)(han)(han)儒(ru)循、韓(han)(han)(han)(han)錦彝、韓(han)(han)(han)(han)鴻(hong)(hong)翼3代都在(zai)這里居(ju)住和務農(nong)。
宋氏祖居(ju)是(shi)韓儒循在清嘉慶(qing)年間(jian)(jian)建(jian)造的,采用的是(shi)磚木結(jie)構(gou),坐(zuo)西南(nan)向(xiang)東北,二進格局(ju),由兩間(jian)(jian)正屋、兩間(jian)(jian)橫屋、兩間(jian)(jian)門樓和院墻組成,占地1500多平方(fang)米(mi),建(jian)筑(zhu)面積約(yue)200平方(fang)米(mi),是(shi)當地傳統的農家住宅。
這韓(han)氏家族怎么變成了宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)氏家族?從(cong)墻(qiang)上的(de)家譜(pu)看出(chu):宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)慶齡(ling)(ling)的(de)祖父韓(han)鴻(hong)翼(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)有(you)3男,即韓(han)政準、韓(han)教準、韓(han)致準。韓(han)家祖先向來(lai)務農,生(sheng)(sheng)活艱苦。1875年,宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)慶齡(ling)(ling)父親韓(han)教準12歲時,由于家境貧寒(han),同(tong)哥哥韓(han)政準一(yi)起跟(gen)隨舅(jiu)(jiu)舅(jiu)(jiu)到美國謀生(sheng)(sheng),后(hou)(hou)來(lai)被舅(jiu)(jiu)舅(jiu)(jiu)收為(wei)養子,從(cong)此改姓(xing)換名(ming)(ming)為(wei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)嘉樹,號(hao)耀如。后(hou)(hou)來(lai)他共生(sheng)(sheng)下3男3女,所生(sheng)(sheng)子女均(jun)用宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)姓(xing),依次為(wei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)藹齡(ling)(ling)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)慶齡(ling)(ling)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)子文(wen)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)美齡(ling)(ling)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)子良(liang)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)子安(an)。宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)氏姐弟6人,均(jun)成為(wei)我(wo)國現代史上的(de)著名(ming)(ming)人物,尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)其中(zhong)的(de)“二小姐”宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)慶齡(ling)(ling),稱得上是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國婦女中(zhong)的(de)豪杰。