鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)谷故(gu)居是(shi)我國清代有(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)學(xue)(xue)家、教(jiao)育家和(he)(he)經濟學(xue)(xue)家鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)獻甫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)息地,位(wei)于縣(xian)城約十五(wu)(wu)公(gong)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寺村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)大(da)井村(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)白(bai)石(shi)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)獻甫,原(yuan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)存貯。1801年(nian)生(sheng)于象州(zhou)(zhou)寺村(cun)(cun)(cun)白(bai)石(shi)村(cun)(cun)(cun),1872年(nian),小(xiao)谷病逝。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)谷生(sheng)性聰穎,著(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)宏(hong)富,德高(gao)望重,是(shi)當(dang)時著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)學(xue)(xue)家、教(jiao)育家、經濟學(xue)(xue)家,在(zai)我國歷史(shi)上占(zhan)有(you)(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)谷先(xian)后主講過(guo)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)西(xi)德勝(sheng)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)、慶江(jiang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)、桂(gui)林榕湖書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)、秀(xiu)峰書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)、孝廉書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)、廣(guang)(guang)(guang)東鳳山書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)、廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)越華書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)及象州(zhou)(zhou)象臺(tai)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),柳州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柳江(jiang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),其門(men)生(sheng)遍及江(jiang)南,被譽為(wei)“兩(liang)(liang)粵宗師(shi)”。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)谷一(yi)生(sheng)著(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)甚多,尚(shang)流傳于世的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)有(you)(you)《四書(shu)(shu)(shu)翼注(zhu)論文(wen)》、《愚一(yi)錄》,成(cheng)為(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)噪(zao)一(yi)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“江(jiang)南才子(zi)”。 據鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)谷著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《家記》記載:小(xiao)谷故(gu)居占(zhan)地約十畝,由(you)大(da)門(men)、二(er)門(men)、主房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)、客(ke)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)、書(shu)(shu)(shu)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)、補學(xue)(xue)軒、西(xi)笑亭(ting)、花園、磨房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)、魚池及其它一(yi)些建筑等(deng)組成(cheng)。現僅存大(da)門(men)和(he)(he)主房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。大(da)門(men)頭有(you)(you)“比第(di)部(bu)”三字,兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)(bian)是(shi)一(yi)幅(fu)對(dui)聯(lian)(lian)(lian),上聯(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei):比部(bu)更新承繼先(xian)賢揚國粹(cui);下聯(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei):典型(xing)猶在(zai)務(wu)期后裔振家風。二(er)門(men)上方鐫刻有(you)(you)原(yuan)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)西(xi)壯族自治(zhi)區主席韋純束題寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)谷故(gu)居”五(wu)(wu)個(ge)大(da)字,右(you)邊(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei):萬卷藏書(shu)(shu)(shu)遺(yi)子(zi)弟,左邊(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei):十年(nian)樹木花風煙。主房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)是(shi)青磚砌(qi)成(cheng),中(zhong)間為(wei)正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting),廳(ting)(ting)上屏封正(zheng)中(zhong)有(you)(you)小(xiao)谷手(shou)書(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“有(you)(you)書(shu)(shu)(shu)帶草堂”五(wu)(wu)個(ge)剛勁大(da)字,兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)(bian)為(wei)復(fu)制小(xiao)谷手(shou)書(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)聯(lian)(lian)(lian),上聯(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei):家食(shi)尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)祿;下聯(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei):國尊高(gao)密鄉。主房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)(bian)為(wei)寢室。西(xi)笑亭(ting)建在(zai)正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)外邊(bian)(bian)院(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)南面,為(wei)四角亭(ting),上蓋硫璃(li)瓦,亭(ting)檐下方懸掛著(zhu)復(fu)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)谷手(shou)書(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“西(xi)笑亭(ting)”牌匾,亭(ting)下邊(bian)(bian)路面是(shi)用鵝卵石(shi)砌(qi)成(cheng)太(tai)極(ji)圖案,擬碑刻小(xiao)谷所作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《西(xi)笑亭(ting)記》在(zai)亭(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北面。小(xiao)谷故(gu)居是(shi)象州(zhou)(zhou)珍(zhen)貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)文(wen)化遺(yi)址,頗具人文(wen)景觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旅游開發(fa)價(jia)值。
故居占地約(yue)約(yue)十畝,由(you)大門(men)(men)、二(er)門(men)(men)、主房(fang)(fang)、客房(fang)(fang)、書房(fang)(fang)、補學軒、西笑亭(ting)(ting)、花園、磨房(fang)(fang)、魚池等建(jian)筑構成(cheng),現僅(jin)存大門(men)(men)和主房(fang)(fang)。主房(fang)(fang)右邊(bian)(bian)寢室(shi)、正廳(ting)的(de)屏封和正廳(ting)門(men)(men)口已按(an)原(yuan)式樣(yang)修復,并按(an)原(yuan)狀史(shi)料記載重(zhong)建(jian)了(le)二(er)門(men)(men)和西笑亭(ting)(ting)。西笑亭(ting)(ting)為(wei)(wei)四(si)角(jiao)亭(ting)(ting),主房(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)清(qing)磚砌成(cheng),正廳(ting)居中,兩旁為(wei)(wei)寢室(shi),左邊(bian)(bian)寢室(shi)為(wei)(wei)鄭獻甫日常起居之(zhi)所(suo)。故居至今保(bao)留一(yi)些典型的(de)楹聯,如“比部更新(xin)承(cheng)繼先(xian)賢(xian)揚國粹(cui)、典型猶在務期后(hou)裔振家風(feng)”、“家食尚(shang)書祿(lu)、國尊高密鄉”。
鄭(zheng)獻甫,原(yuan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)存貯,字(zi)獻甫,別字(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)谷。1801年(nian)鄭(zheng)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)谷生(sheng)于象(xiang)州(zhou)寺村白石村,1872年(nian),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)谷病逝于講臺(tai)上(shang)。鄭(zheng)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)谷生(sheng)性(xing)聰穎,著(zhu)(zhu)作宏(hong)富,德高望重,是當時著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)、教(jiao)育家(jia),在(zai)(zai)(zai)我國歷史(shi)(shi)上(shang)占(zhan)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)位置。在(zai)(zai)(zai)《中國人名(ming)(ming)(ming)大辭(ci)(ci)典》、《中國文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)大辭(ci)(ci)典》等(deng)(deng)權威(wei)性(xing)辭(ci)(ci)典、史(shi)(shi)料(liao)和(he)刊(kan)物有記載,鄭(zheng)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)谷14歲(sui)考中舉(ju)人,35歲(sui)進士,授刑部江蘇(su)、云南司主(zhu)(zhu)事(shi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)官一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)二月,因(yin)不愿與貪官吏(li)同流合(he)污(wu),為(wei)(wei)(wei)施展自己生(sheng)平抱負,便以“親老乞養”為(wei)(wei)(wei)由,辭(ci)(ci)官還鄉,開始著(zhu)(zhu)書(shu)教(jiao)館。鄭(zheng)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)谷先(xian)后主(zhu)(zhu)講過(guo)廣(guang)(guang)西(xi) 德勝書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)、慶江書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)、桂林榕湖書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)、秀峰書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)、孝廉書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)、廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)鳳山書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)、廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)越華書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)及象(xiang)州(zhou)象(xiang)臺(tai)書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),柳州(zhou)的(de)(de)柳江書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),其門(men)生(sheng)遍(bian)及江南,被(bei)譽為(wei)(wei)(wei)“兩粵(yue)宗師”。鄭(zheng)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)谷一(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)著(zhu)(zhu)作甚多,尚流傳于世(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)著(zhu)(zhu)作有《四書(shu)翼(yi)注論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)》、《愚一(yi)(yi)(yi)錄(lu)》,清咸豐十一(yi)(yi)(yi)刊(kan),臺(tai)灣(wan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)海出(chu)版(ban)社(she)出(chu)版(ban)《補(bu)學(xue)(xue)軒(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)集(ji)(ji)》、《補(bu)學(xue)(xue)軒(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)續(xu)集(ji)(ji)刻(ke)》、《補(bu)學(xue)(xue)軒(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)集(ji)(ji)外編》、《補(bu)學(xue)(xue)軒(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)詩集(ji)(ji)》、《補(bu)學(xue)(xue)軒(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)詩集(ji)(ji)續(xu)刻(ke)》、同治九年(nian)還主(zhu)(zhu)纂過(guo)《象(xiang)州(zhou)志》,成為(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)噪一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)的(de)(de)“江南才(cai)子(zi)”。在(zai)(zai)(zai)《中國人名(ming)(ming)(ming)大辭(ci)(ci)典》、《中國文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)大辭(ci)(ci)典》等(deng)(deng)權威(wei)性(xing)辭(ci)(ci)典、史(shi)(shi)料(liao)和(he)刊(kan)物有記載小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)谷,在(zai)(zai)(zai)歷史(shi)(shi)上(shang)占(zhan)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)位置。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)谷主(zhu)(zhu)講過(guo)廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)德勝書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)、桂林榕湖書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)、廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)鳳山書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)及廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)越華書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)(deng),其門(men)生(sheng)遍(bian)及江南,被(bei)被(bei)譽為(wei)(wei)(wei)"兩粵(yue)宗師"。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)谷著(zhu)(zhu)作尚流傳于世(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)著(zhu)(zhu)作有《四書(shu)翼(yi)注論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)》、臺(tai)灣(wan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)海出(chu)版(ban)社(she)出(chu)版(ban)的(de)(de)《補(bu)學(xue)(xue)軒(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)集(ji)(ji)》等(deng)(deng),成為(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)噪一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)的(de)(de)"江南才(cai)子(zi)"。鄭(zheng)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)谷故居(ju)是珍貴(gui)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺址,頗具(ju)人文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)藝景觀的(de)(de)旅(lv)游(you)價值。
鄭小谷從小喜歡(huan)對(dui)(dui)對(dui)(dui),偶有一兩個對(dui)(dui)子對(dui)(dui)不(bu)上,便銘記在心,不(bu)時揣摩吟(yin)詠,對(dui)(dui)上方(fang)休。
1815年,15歲的鄭小(xiao)谷(gu)邀約學友同(tong)游中平(ping)馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)山。在山腳邊軍田(tian)村與村中秀才韋(wei)(wei)(wei)老(lao)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)閑談(tan)。韋(wei)(wei)(wei)老(lao)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)久聞小(xiao)谷(gu)大名(ming),亦想借此機會(hui)考一(yi)考小(xiao)谷(gu),遂道(dao)(dao):“眾位學童(tong),看到馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)山,想起我(wo)(wo)以(yi)前曾以(yi)馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)山為(wei)題(ti)作(zuo)一(yi)上聯,至今仍未(wei)對(dui)(dui)上,一(yi)直耿(geng)耿(geng)于懷,希望你們能(neng)為(wei)我(wo)(wo)對(dui)(dui)上。”小(xiao)谷(gu)暗思,韋(wei)(wei)(wei)老(lao)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)想必(bi)要試一(yi)試我(wo)(wo),特為(wei)我(wo)(wo)擬出上聯,隨即答到:“先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)請便,讓我(wo)(wo)們試對(dui)(dui)一(yi)對(dui)(dui),如(ru)對(dui)(dui)不(bu)上,開(kai)開(kai)眼(yan)界,長(chang)長(chang)見識也好。”韋(wei)(wei)(wei)老(lao)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)聽罷朗聲道(dao)(dao):“山號馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an),馬(ma)(ma)去鞍(an)留,客至如(ru)何不(bu)問馬(ma)(ma)。”小(xiao)谷(gu)聽罷,沉(chen)思良久,無以(yi)為(wei)對(dui)(dui),向老(lao)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)揖道(dao)(dao):“妙對(dui)(dui)!妙對(dui)(dui)!先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)高見,望塵莫及(ji)!望塵莫及(ji)!”
1841年,鄭小谷應聘到廣州(zhou)粵雅(ya)書院教授。一(yi)日(ri),小谷帶學子到郊外游玩,路(lu)過(guo)一(yi)村(cun)(cun)(cun),正逢放牛(niu)時(shi)間(jian),因道路(lu)狹窄,兩旁又(you)都(dou)是稻田(tian),為防牛(niu)踏(ta)水(shui)稻,主人(ren)不(bu)得不(bu)牽(qian)牛(niu)小心前行,會面時(shi),小谷問:“此村(cun)(cun)(cun)何(he)名?”牽(qian)牛(niu)人(ren)答:“牛(niu)路(lu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)”。小谷觸景生情,想起25年前軍田(tian)村(cun)(cun)(cun)韋(wei)老先生那幅上聯,反復吟(yin)詠(yong);“山(shan)號(hao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鞍,馬(ma)(ma)(ma)去鞍留,客(ke)至(zhi)(zhi)如何(he)不(bu)問馬(ma)(ma)(ma)。山(shan)號(hao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鞍,馬(ma)(ma)(ma)去鞍留,客(ke)至(zhi)(zhi)如何(he)不(bu)問馬(ma)(ma)(ma)……”呤著(zhu)呤著(zhu)吟(yin)出(chu)了下聯:“村(cun)(cun)(cun)名牛(niu)路(lu),牛(niu)多路(lu)窄,我來常見有牽(qian)牛(niu)。”學子聽罷,齊道:“妙對!真是妙對!先生妙對!”
鄭小谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)識(shi)淵博,風流倜儻,一(yi)生“不好(hao)(hao)為官(guan),唯好(hao)(hao)讀(du)書,好(hao)(hao)游(you)山玩(wan)水(shui),好(hao)(hao)近婦人(ren)(ren)”,比唐伯虎有過(guo)之而無不及,因之觸怒上(shang)蒼。一(yi)日,天(tian)庭(ting)派仙人(ren)(ren)下凡試探小谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),仙人(ren)(ren)投其所好(hao)(hao),化作一(yi)俊(jun)俏少婦,騎(qi)著一(yi)匹漂亮母(mu)(mu)馬與小谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)相(xiang)遇。小谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)看見(jian)美少婦,興致(zhi)勃勃,即(ji)出聯(lian)挑逗:母(mu)(mu)人(ren)(ren)騎(qi)母(mu)(mu)馬母(mu)(mu)上(shang)母(mu)(mu)下。少婦略(lve)加思(si)索對(dui)上(shang):絕(jue)人(ren)(ren)出絕(jue)對(dui)絕(jue)子絕(jue)孫。對(dui)畢,騎(qi)馬飄然(ran)而去(qu)。據說,小谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)后(hou)來果然(ran)男丁俱損,應了(le)此話。