鄭(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)故(gu)(gu)居(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我國(guo)清代有(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)文(wen)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)、教育(yu)家(jia)和經(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)家(jia)鄭(zheng)(zheng)獻(xian)甫的(de)(de)生息(xi)地,位于縣城約(yue)十(shi)五公里的(de)(de)寺村鎮大(da)井村委白石村。鄭(zheng)(zheng)獻(xian)甫,原(yuan)名(ming)(ming)存貯。1801年(nian)生于象(xiang)州寺村白石村,1872年(nian),小(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)病逝。鄭(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)生性聰穎(ying),著(zhu)作宏富,德高望重(zhong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)當時著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)文(wen)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)、教育(yu)家(jia)、經(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)家(jia),在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)歷史(shi)上(shang)(shang)占(zhan)有(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)位置。鄭(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)先后主(zhu)(zhu)講過廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)德勝書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、慶江(jiang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、桂(gui)林榕湖書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、秀(xiu)峰書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、孝廉書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、廣(guang)東鳳山書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、廣(guang)州越華書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)及(ji)象(xiang)州象(xiang)臺書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),柳州的(de)(de)柳江(jiang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),其(qi)門(men)生遍(bian)及(ji)江(jiang)南,被譽為(wei)(wei)“兩(liang)(liang)粵宗師”。鄭(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)一(yi)生著(zhu)作甚多(duo),尚流(liu)傳于世的(de)(de)著(zhu)作有(you)(you)《四(si)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)翼注(zhu)論文(wen)》、《愚一(yi)錄》,成為(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)噪一(yi)方(fang)的(de)(de)“江(jiang)南才子”。 據鄭(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)著(zhu)的(de)(de)《家(jia)記(ji)》記(ji)載:小(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)故(gu)(gu)居(ju)占(zhan)地約(yue)十(shi)畝,由大(da)門(men)、二門(men)、主(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)、客房(fang)、書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)房(fang)、補(bu)學(xue)(xue)軒、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)笑(xiao)(xiao)亭(ting)、花園、磨房(fang)、魚池及(ji)其(qi)它(ta)一(yi)些建筑等組成。現僅存大(da)門(men)和主(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)。大(da)門(men)頭有(you)(you)“比第(di)部(bu)”三字,兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)幅對(dui)聯(lian),上(shang)(shang)聯(lian)為(wei)(wei):比部(bu)更新(xin)承繼先賢揚國(guo)粹;下(xia)(xia)聯(lian)為(wei)(wei):典型猶在(zai)(zai)務期后裔振家(jia)風(feng)。二門(men)上(shang)(shang)方(fang)鐫刻有(you)(you)原(yuan)廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)壯族自治(zhi)區主(zhu)(zhu)席韋純束題寫的(de)(de)“鄭(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)故(gu)(gu)居(ju)”五個大(da)字,右(you)邊(bian)的(de)(de)對(dui)聯(lian)為(wei)(wei):萬卷藏書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)遺子弟,左邊(bian)的(de)(de)對(dui)聯(lian)為(wei)(wei):十(shi)年(nian)樹木花風(feng)煙。主(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)磚砌成,中(zhong)(zhong)間為(wei)(wei)正(zheng)廳(ting),廳(ting)上(shang)(shang)屏封正(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)小(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)手書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)“有(you)(you)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)帶草(cao)堂”五個剛勁大(da)字,兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)為(wei)(wei)復(fu)(fu)制小(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)手書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)對(dui)聯(lian),上(shang)(shang)聯(lian)為(wei)(wei):家(jia)食尚書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)祿;下(xia)(xia)聯(lian)為(wei)(wei):國(guo)尊高密(mi)鄉。主(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)為(wei)(wei)寢室。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)笑(xiao)(xiao)亭(ting)建在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)廳(ting)外邊(bian)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南面(mian),為(wei)(wei)四(si)角亭(ting),上(shang)(shang)蓋硫璃瓦,亭(ting)檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)方(fang)懸(xuan)掛著(zhu)復(fu)(fu)制的(de)(de)鄭(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)手書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)“西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)笑(xiao)(xiao)亭(ting)”牌匾(bian),亭(ting)下(xia)(xia)邊(bian)路(lu)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用鵝卵石砌成太極圖案,擬(ni)碑刻小(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)所作的(de)(de)《西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)笑(xiao)(xiao)亭(ting)記(ji)》在(zai)(zai)亭(ting)的(de)(de)北面(mian)。小(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)故(gu)(gu)居(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)州珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)歷史(shi)文(wen)化遺址,頗(po)具(ju)人文(wen)景觀的(de)(de)旅游開發價值。
故居(ju)占地約約十畝,由大門、二門、主(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)、客房(fang)、書(shu)房(fang)、補(bu)學軒、西笑(xiao)亭(ting)、花(hua)園、磨房(fang)、魚(yu)池等建筑構(gou)成,現僅存(cun)大門和(he)主(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)。主(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)右邊寢室(shi)(shi)、正廳(ting)的屏(ping)封(feng)和(he)正廳(ting)門口已(yi)按原式樣(yang)修(xiu)復,并按原狀(zhuang)史料記載重建了二門和(he)西笑(xiao)亭(ting)。西笑(xiao)亭(ting)為(wei)四角亭(ting),主(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)為(wei)清磚砌成,正廳(ting)居(ju)中(zhong),兩旁為(wei)寢室(shi)(shi),左邊寢室(shi)(shi)為(wei)鄭(zheng)獻(xian)甫日常起居(ju)之所。故居(ju)至今保留一些典(dian)型的楹聯,如“比部更新承繼先賢揚國粹、典(dian)型猶在(zai)務期后裔振(zhen)家風”、“家食尚書(shu)祿、國尊高密鄉”。
鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)獻甫,原名(ming)(ming)存貯,字獻甫,別(bie)字小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)。1801年(nian)(nian)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)于象(xiang)州寺(si)村白(bai)石村,1872年(nian)(nian),小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)病逝于講臺(tai)上。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)聰(cong)穎,著(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)宏(hong)富,德高(gao)望(wang)重,是(shi)當時(shi)著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)(ming)的(de)經(jing)濟學(xue)家(jia)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)家(jia)、教(jiao)育家(jia),在我國(guo)(guo)歷(li)史上占(zhan)有(you)一(yi)定的(de)位(wei)置。在《中國(guo)(guo)人名(ming)(ming)大(da)辭典(dian)(dian)(dian)》、《中國(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)家(jia)大(da)辭典(dian)(dian)(dian)》等(deng)權(quan)威性(xing)(xing)辭典(dian)(dian)(dian)、史料(liao)和(he)刊物有(you)記載,鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)14歲考(kao)中舉人,35歲進士,授刑部江(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)、云(yun)南司主事,為(wei)官一(yi)年(nian)(nian)二(er)月,因不愿與(yu)貪官吏同(tong)(tong)流(liu)合污(wu),為(wei)施展(zhan)自己生(sheng)(sheng)平抱負,便以“親(qin)老乞(qi)養”為(wei)由,辭官還鄉(xiang),開始著(zhu)(zhu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)館。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)先后主講過(guo)廣(guang)西 德勝(sheng)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、慶(qing)江(jiang)(jiang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、桂林榕(rong)(rong)湖書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、秀峰書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、孝廉書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、廣(guang)東(dong)鳳山書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、廣(guang)州越華書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)及象(xiang)州象(xiang)臺(tai)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),柳州的(de)柳江(jiang)(jiang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),其(qi)門(men)生(sheng)(sheng)遍及江(jiang)(jiang)南,被(bei)譽為(wei)“兩粵宗師”。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)一(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)著(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)甚多,尚(shang)流(liu)傳于世的(de)著(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)有(you)《四書(shu)(shu)(shu)翼注論文(wen)(wen)(wen)》、《愚一(yi)錄》,清咸豐(feng)十一(yi)刊,臺(tai)灣文(wen)(wen)(wen)海(hai)出版(ban)社出版(ban)《補學(xue)軒(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)集》、《補學(xue)軒(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)續(xu)集刻(ke)》、《補學(xue)軒(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)集外編》、《補學(xue)軒(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)詩集》、《補學(xue)軒(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)詩集續(xu)刻(ke)》、同(tong)(tong)治九年(nian)(nian)還主纂過(guo)《象(xiang)州志》,成(cheng)為(wei)名(ming)(ming)噪一(yi)方的(de)“江(jiang)(jiang)南才子”。在《中國(guo)(guo)人名(ming)(ming)大(da)辭典(dian)(dian)(dian)》、《中國(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)家(jia)大(da)辭典(dian)(dian)(dian)》等(deng)權(quan)威性(xing)(xing)辭典(dian)(dian)(dian)、史料(liao)和(he)刊物有(you)記載小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu),在歷(li)史上占(zhan)有(you)一(yi)定的(de)位(wei)置。小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)主講過(guo)廣(guang)西德勝(sheng)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、桂林榕(rong)(rong)湖書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、廣(guang)東(dong)鳳山書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)及廣(guang)州越華書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng),其(qi)門(men)生(sheng)(sheng)遍及江(jiang)(jiang)南,被(bei)被(bei)譽為(wei)"兩粵宗師"。小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)著(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)尚(shang)流(liu)傳于世的(de)著(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)有(you)《四書(shu)(shu)(shu)翼注論文(wen)(wen)(wen)》、臺(tai)灣文(wen)(wen)(wen)海(hai)出版(ban)社出版(ban)的(de)《補學(xue)軒(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)集》等(deng),成(cheng)為(wei)名(ming)(ming)噪一(yi)方的(de)"江(jiang)(jiang)南才子"。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)故居是(shi)珍(zhen)貴的(de)歷(li)史文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺址,頗(po)具人文(wen)(wen)(wen)藝景觀的(de)旅游價(jia)值。
鄭小(xiao)谷(gu)從小(xiao)喜歡對對,偶有(you)一兩(liang)個對子對不上,便銘記在心,不時揣摩吟(yin)詠,對上方(fang)休。
1815年,15歲的(de)鄭小(xiao)谷邀約學(xue)友同游中(zhong)平馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)山(shan)。在山(shan)腳邊軍田村(cun)與村(cun)中(zhong)秀才韋老(lao)先(xian)生閑談。韋老(lao)先(xian)生久(jiu)聞小(xiao)谷大名,亦想(xiang)(xiang)借(jie)此機會(hui)考(kao)一(yi)考(kao)小(xiao)谷,遂道(dao):“眾(zhong)位學(xue)童,看到(dao)馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)山(shan),想(xiang)(xiang)起我(wo)以前曾以馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)山(shan)為(wei)(wei)題作一(yi)上(shang)聯,至(zhi)今仍未對(dui)上(shang),一(yi)直耿耿于懷(huai),希望你們能為(wei)(wei)我(wo)對(dui)上(shang)。”小(xiao)谷暗思,韋老(lao)先(xian)生想(xiang)(xiang)必要試一(yi)試我(wo),特為(wei)(wei)我(wo)擬(ni)出上(shang)聯,隨(sui)即答到(dao):“先(xian)生請便,讓我(wo)們試對(dui)一(yi)對(dui),如(ru)對(dui)不上(shang),開開眼(yan)界,長長見(jian)識也好(hao)。”韋老(lao)先(xian)生聽(ting)罷朗聲(sheng)道(dao):“山(shan)號馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an),馬(ma)(ma)去鞍(an)留,客至(zhi)如(ru)何不問馬(ma)(ma)。”小(xiao)谷聽(ting)罷,沉思良久(jiu),無(wu)以為(wei)(wei)對(dui),向老(lao)先(xian)生一(yi)揖道(dao):“妙對(dui)!妙對(dui)!先(xian)生高見(jian),望塵莫及!望塵莫及!”
1841年(nian),鄭小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)應聘到廣州粵雅書院教(jiao)授。一日(ri),小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)帶(dai)學子到郊外游玩(wan),路過一村(cun)(cun)(cun),正逢(feng)放(fang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)時間,因道(dao)路狹窄,兩旁又(you)都是稻田,為防牛(niu)(niu)(niu)踏水稻,主人(ren)不(bu)得(de)不(bu)牽牛(niu)(niu)(niu)小(xiao)(xiao)心前(qian)行,會(hui)面時,小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)問(wen):“此村(cun)(cun)(cun)何(he)名?”牽牛(niu)(niu)(niu)人(ren)答:“牛(niu)(niu)(niu)路村(cun)(cun)(cun)”。小(xiao)(xiao)谷(gu)(gu)觸(chu)景(jing)生(sheng)情,想起25年(nian)前(qian)軍田村(cun)(cun)(cun)韋老先(xian)生(sheng)那幅上聯(lian),反復吟詠(yong);“山號馬鞍(an),馬去鞍(an)留,客至如(ru)何(he)不(bu)問(wen)馬。山號馬鞍(an),馬去鞍(an)留,客至如(ru)何(he)不(bu)問(wen)馬……”呤著(zhu)(zhu)呤著(zhu)(zhu)吟出(chu)了下聯(lian):“村(cun)(cun)(cun)名牛(niu)(niu)(niu)路,牛(niu)(niu)(niu)多路窄,我來常見有牽牛(niu)(niu)(niu)。”學子聽罷,齊(qi)道(dao):“妙對!真是妙對!先(xian)生(sheng)妙對!”
鄭小谷知識(shi)淵博,風流倜儻,一(yi)(yi)生“不(bu)好(hao)為官,唯好(hao)讀書,好(hao)游山玩水(shui),好(hao)近婦人”,比唐伯虎有(you)過之而無不(bu)及,因之觸怒上(shang)蒼。一(yi)(yi)日,天庭(ting)派(pai)仙人下凡(fan)試探(tan)小谷,仙人投其(qi)所好(hao),化作一(yi)(yi)俊俏少(shao)(shao)婦,騎著一(yi)(yi)匹漂亮(liang)母(mu)(mu)(mu)馬與(yu)小谷相(xiang)遇。小谷看見美(mei)少(shao)(shao)婦,興致勃勃,即(ji)出聯(lian)挑逗:母(mu)(mu)(mu)人騎母(mu)(mu)(mu)馬母(mu)(mu)(mu)上(shang)母(mu)(mu)(mu)下。少(shao)(shao)婦略(lve)加(jia)思索對(dui)上(shang):絕人出絕對(dui)絕子絕孫。對(dui)畢,騎馬飄(piao)然(ran)而去。據說,小谷后(hou)來果然(ran)男丁俱(ju)損,應了此(ci)話。