王(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)明故居(ju)位于余(yu)姚城區(qu)龍泉(quan)山(shan)北麓、陽(yang)(yang)(yang)明西(xi)路以(yi)北的武(wu)勝門西(xi)側。即余(yu)姚壽(shou)山(shan)堂(tang)。現存王(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)明故居(ju)并(bing)非明代故居(ju),乃是(shi)后(hou)世壽(shou)山(shan)堂(tang)(清朝中期建筑(zhu),橋(qiao)梁專家葉樊(字季衛)所建)基礎上進行重(zhong)修的。明朝成化八年(公元1472年),思想(xiang)家王(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)明就誕生(sheng)于故居(ju)內(nei)的瑞(rui)云樓,并(bing)在此度過了童年和少年時代。故居(ju)規模宏(hong)大,格局完(wan)整。王(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)明故居(ju)被確定為省(sheng)級文物保護單(dan)(dan)位,已被國家文物局列入(ru)全國文保單(dan)(dan)位。
王陽明故居的主體建筑(zhu)——瑞云(yun)樓為重檐硬(ying)山、五間二弄的二層木結構樓房,有(you)先人瑞云(yun)送(song)子傳(chuan)說,故名瑞云(yun)樓。
王(wang)(wang)(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)誕生(sheng)(sheng)時(shi)他(ta)祖母(mu)夢(meng)見神仙瑞(rui)云(yun)(yun)(yun)送子的(de)(de)(de)佳(jia)話,遂將此(ci)(ci)樓(lou)(lou)稱為瑞(rui)云(yun)(yun)(yun)樓(lou)(lou),王(wang)(wang)(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)在(zai)此(ci)(ci)樓(lou)(lou)度(du)過了(le)(le)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)童(tong)年(nian)時(shi)光(guang)。主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)建筑(zhu)面積500多平方米,七樓(lou)(lou)七底(di),重檐硬山(shan),結構(gou)簡樸,氣勢較(jiao)大,展(zhan)現了(le)(le)浙東地(di)(di)區(qu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)清樓(lou)(lou)宅建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本風貌。主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)設有王(wang)(wang)(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)史(shi)跡(ji)陳(chen)列(lie),展(zhan)覽以(yi)翔實(shi)(shi)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)片資料(liao)和(he)實(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu),展(zhan)示了(le)(le)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)作為“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)第一流人物(wu)(wu)”,“立(li)功、立(li)德、立(li)言皆居(ju)絕(jue)頂(ding)”人物(wu)(wu)光(guang)輝(hui)燦爛的(de)(de)(de)一生(sheng)(sheng)。瑞(rui)云(yun)(yun)(yun)樓(lou)(lou)是王(wang)(wang)(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)父親王(wang)(wang)(wang)華考中狀元(yuan)前租(zu)自莫氏(shi)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)成(cheng)化八(ba)年(nian),王(wang)(wang)(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)誕生(sheng)(sheng)時(shi),他(ta)祖母(mu)夢(meng)見神仙瑞(rui)云(yun)(yun)(yun)送子的(de)(de)(de)佳(jia)話,遂將此(ci)(ci)樓(lou)(lou)稱之為瑞(rui)云(yun)(yun)(yun)樓(lou)(lou)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)在(zai)此(ci)(ci)樓(lou)(lou)度(du)過了(le)(le)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)童(tong)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)活,待王(wang)(wang)(wang)華任職京師,即擇地(di)(di)龍山(shan)里(li)第構(gou)筑(zhu)新(xin)居(ju),此(ci)(ci)樓(lou)(lou)又租(zu)給錢(qian)氏(shi)。至(zhi)弘治(zhi)九(jiu)年(nian)(1496),王(wang)(wang)(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)得意門生(sheng)(sheng)、大儒錢(qian)德洪亦降生(sheng)(sheng)于此(ci)(ci)樓(lou)(lou),實(shi)(shi)乃歷史(shi)之巧合。待王(wang)(wang)(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)貴(gui)顯,每當回姚(yao),必指點樓(lou)(lou)中藏胎衣(yi)處,顧(gu)念到母(mu)親和(he)祖母(mu),因自己軍務繁(fan)忙(mang),對母(mu)、祖不得生(sheng)(sheng)養死殮(lian),每每引起長時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)痛苦。在(zai)火燒(shao)場遺(yi)址上借用別處拆遷的(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)代建筑(zhu)材料(liao),仍按明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)代風格,參照故文(wen)獻《瑞(rui)云(yun)(yun)(yun)樓(lou)(lou)記》所述原(yuan)樣(yang)在(zai)原(yuan)址修建。樓(lou)(lou)下(xia)現布置有《王(wang)(wang)(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)史(shi)跡(ji)陳(chen)列(lie)》,展(zhan)示了(le)(le)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)生(sheng)(sheng)平所至(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)各地(di)(di)遺(yi)跡(ji)圖(tu)片、先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)留下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)詩文(wen)名篇及部分實(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)資料(liao),系(xi)統介紹了(le)(le)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)一生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)業績(ji)成(cheng)就。
王陽(yang)明故居位于(yu):北緯30°03’10.9”,東經121°08’52.9”,海(hai)拔高(gao)度為3米。
四至(zhi)GPS點為:東(dong)南角北緯30°03’08.9”,東(dong)經121°08’56.4”
西南角北緯30°03’08.4”,東經(jing)121°08’51.6”
西北(bei)角北(bei)緯30°03’14.6”,東(dong)經121°08’50.3”
東北角(jiao)北緯30°03’14.7”,東經121°08’55.0”
王陽明故居(ju)位于余姚市城區陽明街道(dao)武(wu)勝門(men)路(lu)西側(ce),陽明西路(lu)北(bei)側(ce),龍泉(quan)山(shan)南麓(lu),山(shan)后新(xin)村東側(ce)。北(bei)距離蕭甬鐵路(lu)1公里,距姚江(jiang)(jiang)支(zhi)流(liu)侯青江(jiang)(jiang)500米。
在建(jian)筑設計和(he)營造(zao)上(shang)反映出明(ming)代(dai)浙(zhe)東官(guan)宦建(jian)筑的一些(xie)典型特(te)點,用(yong)材粗(cu)壯、氣勢恢宏,各幢(chuang)建(jian)筑結構(gou)嚴(yan)謹,按中(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)對稱分(fen)布(bu),主次建(jian)筑分(fen)布(bu)有序(xu),飾件素(su)雅(ya)。整個(ge)故居(ju)既給人以庭院(yuan)深深之(zhi)感,又不失端莊和(he)典雅(ya)之(zhi)氣度(du)。故居(ju)建(jian)筑自南(nan)至(zhi)北沿中(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)分(fen)別為門廳、轎廳、磚(zhuan)雕(diao)門樓、大(da)(da)(da)廳及瑞云樓、后罩屋。其中(zhong),磚(zhuan)雕(diao)門樓系仿木結構(gou)建(jian)筑,四柱三間(jian)(jian),柱為石質(zhi),所(suo)飾磚(zhuan)雕(diao)斗拱、翹昂、面(mian)磚(zhuan)雕(diao)刻細致,工藝(yi)精湛(zhan)細膩,體現了(le)當(dang)時磚(zhuan)雕(diao)技藝(yi)的水平。大(da)(da)(da)廳--“壽山堂(tang)”系三開間(jian)(jian)高平房,高大(da)(da)(da)寬敞(chang),結構(gou)古樸大(da)(da)(da)方(fang),用(yong)材粗(cu)大(da)(da)(da)穩實(shi),構(gou)件裝飾嚴(yan)謹。壽山堂(tang)內(nei)明(ming)間(jian)(jian)廊下掛有姜東舒所(suo)書的“真三不朽”匾,這是歷來(lai)對王陽明(ming)一生在立(li)德、立(li)功、立(li)言三方(fang)面(mian)皆居(ju)絕(jue)頂的確切評價。
王(wang)陽(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)(1472--1528),生于(yu)余姚瑞云(yun)樓。原名(ming)云(yun),更名(ming)守(shou)仁,字(zi)伯安,號陽(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming),學者稱陽(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)先(xian)生。明(ming)(ming)代(dai)哲學家(jia)、教育家(jia)、軍事家(jia)、文學家(jia)和書法家(jia),著(zhu)有(you)《陽(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)全書》。他創(chuang)立“心學”,提(ti)出了“致良知(zhi)”學說(shuo),在世(shi)界哲學史占有(you)重要地(di)位。他的著(zhu)作由門(men)人(ren)輯成《王(wang)文成公全書》38卷。史稱其為“明(ming)(ming)第一流(liu)人(ren)物,立德、立功、立言皆居絕頂”。
王陽明故居(ju)于2005年3月(yue)16日由浙江(jiang)省(sheng)人民(min)政府公布(bu)為省(sheng)級文物保護單位。余姚有關部(bu)門已經(jing)制定《王陽明故居(ju)修復(fu)方(fang)案》,已動工全面(mian)修復(fu)故居(ju)建筑,恢復(fu)歷史風(feng)貌,使(shi)之得(de)以完(wan)整(zheng)展(zhan)現。
出大廳過甬道便是王陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)故居的(de)(de)主體建(jian)筑(zhu)——瑞(rui)云(yun)樓(lou)(lou)。瑞(rui)云(yun)樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)重檐硬山(shan)、五間二弄的(de)(de)二層木結構樓(lou)(lou)房,建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積達到532.56平(ping)方米。教,尚有高樓(lou)(lou)揭瑞(rui)云(yun)。”樓(lou)(lou)下現布置有《王陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)史跡(ji)陳列》展(zhan),展(zhan)示了(le)王陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)先生生平(ping)所(suo)(suo)至的(de)(de)各(ge)地遺(yi)跡(ji)圖片,先生留下的(de)(de)詩文名篇及部分實物資(zi)料,系統介紹了(le)王陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)先生一(yi)生的(de)(de)業績成就,詮釋了(le)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)學(xue)說對日(ri)本等海外諸國的(de)(de)深遠影(ying)響。樓(lou)(lou)上辟為(wei)(wei)王陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)及其家(jia)人(ren)居室的(de)(de)復原(yuan)陳列。樓(lou)(lou)前為(wei)(wei)通道,兩(liang)(liang)側為(wei)(wei)庭院,種植了(le)花草樹木,東西兩(liang)(liang)側分立(li)由日(ri)本友人(ren)捐贈而(er)立(li)的(de)(de)“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)學(xue)紀念碑(bei)”和“修(xiu)復瑞(rui)云(yun)樓(lou)(lou)碑(bei)”。此(ci)樓(lou)(lou)主體后在清乾隆年間被焚毀,而(er)儀門、正(zheng)廳等四周建(jian)筑(zhu)基本完整(zheng),火(huo)燒(shao)場(chang)遺(yi)址(zhi)一(yi)直(zhi)保存至今。1996年由市政府(fu)撥(bo)款,在火(huo)燒(shao)場(chang)遺(yi)址(zhi)上借用別處拆遷的(de)(de)明(ming)代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)原(yuan)材料,仍按明(ming)代(dai)風格,參(can)照故文獻(xian)《瑞(rui)云(yun)樓(lou)(lou)記》所(suo)(suo)述原(yuan)樣在原(yuan)址(zhi)修(xiu)建(jian)。
經過多年歷次的不斷(duan)整治、修繕,王陽明故居的整體格局得到(dao)了保護。
王(wang)陽(yang)明(ming)故(gu)居(ju)于2005年(nian)3月(yue)16日由浙江省(sheng)人民(min)政府于公布為(wei)省(sheng)級(ji)文物保護(hu)單(dan)位。2006年(nian)月(yue)與紹(shao)興的王(wang)守仁墓被國務院合并公布為(wei)第六(liu)批全國文物保護(hu)單(dan)位。