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人物簡介

蘇(su)兆征（1885—1929），原名蘇(su)吉，廣東香山(shan)縣(xian)淇澳島淇澳村(cun)人(ren)（今珠海市淇澳島人(ren)）。他是(shi)中國(guo)工(gong)人(ren)運(yun)動的先驅和著名領(ling)袖，中華(hua)全國(guo)總工(gong)會的主(zhu)要(yao)創建人(ren)和領(ling)導(dao)人(ren)，國(guo)際工(gong)人(ren)運(yun)動活動家，中國(guo)共產黨(dang)早(zao)期重(zhong)要(yao)領(ling)導(dao)人(ren)之一(yi)。

1908年(nian)加(jia)入孫中(zhong)(zhong)山先生(sheng)領導(dao)的(de)同盟會，積(ji)極參加(jia)推(tui)翻清政(zheng)府(fu)的(de)革命活(huo)動(dong)。1921年(nian)與林偉民(min)等在(zai)香港建(jian)立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)華海員(yuan)工業聯合總會。1925年(nian)春加(jia)入中(zhong)(zhong)國共產(chan)黨。參與領導(dao)震驚中(zhong)(zhong)外的(de)香港海員(yuan)大罷工和省港大罷工。此后蘇(su)兆征(zheng)歷任中(zhong)(zhong)華全國總工會委(wei)員(yuan)長，中(zhong)(zhong)央政(zheng)治(zhi)局(ju)候補委(wei)員(yuan)，中(zhong)(zhong)央臨時政(zheng)治(zhi)局(ju)常務委(wei)員(yuan)，中(zhong)(zhong)央政(zheng)治(zhi)局(ju)常務委(wei)員(yuan)。1927年(nian)推(tui)舉(ju)為廣州蘇(su)維埃政(zheng)府(fu)主席。1928年(nian)當選為執行委(wei)員(yuan)。1929年(nian)2月(yue)在(zai)上海病(bing)逝。

2009年，蘇(su)兆征被中(zhong)央宣傳部、中(zhong)央組(zu)織部等11個(ge)部門評為(wei)“100位為(wei)新(xin)中(zhong)國成(cheng)立作出突出貢獻的英雄(xiong)模范人物”。

主要經歷

早年生活

蘇兆(zhao)征，原名(ming)蘇吉。廣東(dong)香山縣(xian)淇澳鄉人（今(jin)屬(shu)珠(zhu)海市(shi)），幼時(shi)因為(wei)家境困窘，只讀過3年(nian)私(si)塾，后輟學務農(nong)。光緒二十(shi)九年(nian)（1903年(nian)）被迫離鄉到香港，先后達(da)20多年(nian)，在故(gu)艘(sou)外國(guo)遠洋輪船上當(dang)海員工人。

革命歲月

1908年參(can)加同盟會(hui)，蘇兆征(zheng)積極(ji)參(can)與反對清朝(chao)統治的活動。

1921年3月，蘇兆征(zheng)與林偉(wei)民等組建中華海員(yuan)工會(hui)聯合總會(hui)。

1922年1月，蘇兆(zhao)征參與(yu)領導香港海(hai)員大罷工，任(ren)罷工總辦事處總務部主任(ren)、海(hai)員工會代理會長等職(zhi)。

1925年(nian)春，蘇(su)兆(zhao)征加入中(zhong)國(guo)共產黨。同年(nian)5月，蘇(su)兆(zhao)征在第二(er)次全(quan)國(guo)勞動大會(hui)(hui)上(shang)當選為(wei)中(zhong)華(hua)全(quan)國(guo)總工(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)執行(xing)委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)委員(yuan)。五卅慘案發(fa)生后(hou)，為(wei)支援上(shang)海(hai)人民反對帝(di)國(guo)主(zhu)義(yi)的斗爭(zheng)，蘇(su)兆(zhao)征與鄧中(zhong)夏、李啟漢等領導香港和廣州沙面(mian)工(gong)(gong)人舉行(xing)省港大罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)，被(bei)推為(wei)罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)委員(yuan)長，領導工(gong)(gong)人堅(jian)持(chi)罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)斗爭(zheng)16個月。

1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)春，蘇(su)(su)兆(zhao)征(zheng)(zheng)到達武漢(han)(han)，代(dai)(dai)表中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)(gong)產黨(dang)參(can)加(jia)(jia)(jia)武漢(han)(han)國(guo)民政(zheng)府(fu)，任國(guo)民政(zheng)府(fu)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)兼勞(lao)(lao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)部部長。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)，蘇(su)(su)兆(zhao)征(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)武漢(han)(han)參(can)加(jia)(jia)(jia)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)(gong)產黨(dang)第(di)五次全(quan)國(guo)代(dai)(dai)表大(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)，并(bing)(bing)當選(xuan)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)政(zheng)治(zhi)局候補委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)，赤色職工(gong)(gong)(gong)國(guo)際總(zong)(zong)(zong)書(shu)記羅佐夫·斯基(ji)在(zai)武漢(han)(han)召(zhao)開有蘇(su)(su)、美、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、英、日等國(guo)勞(lao)(lao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)代(dai)(dai)表參(can)加(jia)(jia)(jia)的太平洋(yang)第(di)一次勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)大(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)，成立了(le)太平洋(yang)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)會(hui)(hui)議秘書(shu)處。蘇(su)(su)兆(zhao)征(zheng)(zheng)參(can)加(jia)(jia)(jia)了(le)這次大(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)，并(bing)(bing)被推選(xuan)為(wei)太平洋(yang)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)會(hui)(hui)議秘書(shu)處主(zhu)席。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)，蘇(su)(su)兆(zhao)征(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)持(chi)召(zhao)開第(di)四次全(quan)國(guo)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)大(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)，并(bing)(bing)繼續當選(xuan)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華全(quan)國(guo)總(zong)(zong)(zong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)執(zhi)行委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)長。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)，在(zai)汪精衛叛(pan)變革命(ming)的前夕(xi)，根據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)指示，蘇(su)(su)兆(zhao)征(zheng)(zheng)和農政(zheng)部長譚平山聯(lian)合發表聲明，痛斥汪精衛集團背叛(pan)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山“聯(lian)俄、聯(lian)共(gong)(gong)、扶(fu)助農工(gong)(gong)(gong)”三大(da)(da)政(zheng)策的罪行，井退出武漢(han)(han)國(guo)民政(zheng)府(fu)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)，蘇(su)(su)兆(zhao)征(zheng)(zheng)參(can)加(jia)(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)"八七"緊急會(hui)(hui)議，當選(xuan)臨時(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)政(zheng)治(zhi)局委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)和常(chang)務委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)。會(hui)(hui)后(hou)，蘇(su)(su)兆(zhao)征(zheng)(zheng)到上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)參(can)加(jia)(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的領導(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，負責中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)財務小組和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華全(quan)國(guo)總(zong)(zong)(zong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。蘇(su)(su)兆(zhao)征(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)與(yu)張太雷等制(zhi)定(ding)廣州(zhou)起(qi)義(yi)的總(zong)(zong)(zong)計劃和訓令(ling)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)廣州(zhou)起(qi)義(yi)，蘇(su)(su)兆(zhao)征(zheng)(zheng)雖不在(zai)廣州(zhou)，仍(reng)當選(xuan)為(wei)廣州(zhou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)農民主(zhu)政(zheng)府(fu)的主(zhu)席。

1928年2月(yue)(yue)(yue)，蘇(su)(su)兆征在(zai)上海主持召開全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)執(zhi)行委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)擴大(da)(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)議，討論赤色工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)擴大(da)(da)(da)與組織問題，并被推選(xuan)為中(zhong)華全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)出席(xi)(xi)赤色職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際第四次(ci)(ci)代表(biao)大(da)(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)代表(biao)；4月(yue)(yue)(yue)，他去莫斯科參(can)(can)(can)加了(le)這次(ci)(ci)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)議，并當選(xuan)為大(da)(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主席(xi)(xi)團成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)赤色職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際執(zhi)行委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。同年6月(yue)(yue)(yue)，蘇(su)(su)兆征在(zai)莫斯科參(can)(can)(can)加中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共產黨(dang)第六(liu)次(ci)(ci)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)代表(biao)大(da)(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，當選(xuan)為中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，繼(ji)續擔(dan)任中(zhong)華全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)駐(zhu)赤色職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際代表(biao)。8月(yue)(yue)(yue)，蘇(su)(su)兆征出席(xi)(xi)共產國(guo)(guo)(guo)際第六(liu)次(ci)(ci)代表(biao)大(da)(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，當選(xuan)為大(da)(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主席(xi)(xi)團成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)共產國(guo)(guo)(guo)際執(zhi)行委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。蘇(su)(su)兆征還參(can)(can)(can)加了(le)蘇(su)(su)聯全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)第八(ba)次(ci)(ci)代表(biao)大(da)(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，并作了(le)《關(guan)于中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人運動動情(qing)況(kuang)》的(de)報告。此(ci)外，蘇(su)(su)兆征還當選(xuan)為農(nong)村工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際副委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)長。

因病去世

蘇兆(zhao)征(zheng)(zheng)因積勞成疾，病倒在(zai)蘇聯。1929年1月蘇兆(zhao)征(zheng)(zheng)抱病回國。2月，蘇兆(zhao)征(zheng)(zheng)因為手(shou)術(shu)過程(cheng)中(zhong)發生(sheng)細菌(jun)感染，病逝(shi)于(yu)上海。

人物評價

1929年2月26日，中共中央(yang)政治局向全黨發出了悼念蘇兆征不幸逝世的(de)第32號通(tong)告。通(tong)告指出：“蘇兆征同志(zhi)在工(gong)作中，充(chong)分表現了無產階級的(de)艱苦卓絕(jue)精神和堅決(jue)的(de)政治意識(shi)，他的(de)革命精神，是(shi)全黨的(de)模范。”

在鄧中(zhong)夏(xia)1929年(nian)著的(de)《蘇兆(zhao)征同(tong)志傳》評價中(zhong)：蘇兆(zhao)征是(shi)香(xiang)港與廣東勞動群眾的(de)領(ling)(ling)袖，他是(shi)全中(zhong)國工(gong)人階級的(de)領(ling)(ling)袖，他是(shi)太平(ping)洋沿(yan)岸職(zhi)工(gong)運動的(de)領(ling)(ling)袖之(zhi)一(yi)，他是(shi)中(zhong)國共產(chan)黨的(de)最(zui)好(hao)領(ling)(ling)袖之(zhi)一(yi)，他是(shi)赤色職(zhi)工(gong)國際(ji)(ji)和(he)共產(chan)國際(ji)(ji)的(de)領(ling)(ling)袖之(zhi)一(yi)。

2009年，蘇兆(zhao)征(zheng)被中(zhong)央(yang)宣傳部(bu)、中(zhong)央(yang)組織(zhi)部(bu)等11個部(bu)門評(ping)為(wei)“100位為(wei)新中(zhong)國成立作(zuo)出(chu)突出(chu)貢獻的英雄模范人物”。

其他信息

人物成就

蘇兆征(zheng)、征(zheng)林偉(wei)民等領(ling)導了(le)香港海員大罷工，此次罷工成為(wei)中國(guo)共產黨成立(li)后第一次罷工高潮的新起點，也對廣州地區群(qun)眾(zhong)運(yun)動的發展(zhan)也起到(dao)了(le)推(tui)動作用。

蘇兆征、楊殷(yin)等組織和發動了省港(gang)大罷工(gong)，此次罷工(gong)在(zai)經濟上(shang)、政治(zhi)上(shang)給英帝國(guo)主義(yi)以(yi)沉重打(da)擊,顯示了中國(guo)工(gong)人階級的偉大力量和奮斗精神(shen)。

蘇(su)(su)兆征在上(shang)海與張(zhang)太雷等(deng)制定(ding)廣州起(qi)義的總計劃和訓令，蘇(su)(su)兆征雖(sui)然沒有親自(zi)指揮廣州起(qi)義，但實際上(shang)蘇(su)(su)兆征是廣州公社的主(zhu)要(yao)指導者(zhe)之一(yi)，是東方第一(yi)個蘇(su)(su)維埃的創始者(zhe)之一(yi)。

軼事典故

工運領袖

18歲(sui)那年，珠海(hai)入(ru)蘇兆征到香港(gang)的海(hai)輪中做苦工，之后他(ta)(ta)大(da)半生的身(shen)份都(dou)是海(hai)員(yuan)，多年的船員(yuan)生涯，讓他(ta)(ta)足跡走遍許(xu)多國家，對各國工運耳聞目(mu)睹，更(geng)接觸(chu)了(le)馬克思主義思潮(chao)，大(da)大(da)開闊了(le)眼界。

當年中國海(hai)員是個工薪極低、頗受(shou)(shou)歧視的(de)(de)職業。月薪僅20元(yuan)左右，僅是外(wai)國海(hai)員的(de)(de)五(wu)分之一甚至更(geng)少，微(wei)薄的(de)(de)收入(ru)還(huan)要受(shou)(shou)工頭盤(pan)剝，單身者尚不(bu)能維持生活，而拖(tuo)家帶口的(de)(de)人更(geng)困(kun)苦不(bu)堪，蘇兆征覺悟到團結工人斗爭才是出路。

在當時的香港，有100多個工(gong)會(hui)組織，但(dan)很多是由“工(gong)賊”或黑社會(hui)頭目控(kong)制。最初(chu)，蘇兆征的工(gong)運宣傳既受到尚未(wei)覺(jue)悟的工(gong)人(ren)冷遇，也(ye)被工(gong)會(hui)頭目排擠(ji)，但(dan)他并不(bu)氣餒，常熱心幫助下層工(gong)人(ren)排憂解困，聲望(wang)日(ri)高。

1921年，在(zai)蘇兆征、林偉民等的(de)努力下，中(zhong)華海員工(gong)(gong)(gong)人聯合會(hui)終(zhong)于成(cheng)立(li)了。海員工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)成(cheng)立(li)后(hou)(hou)，便向輪船(chuan)公司提出改良(liang)生活條件的(de)要求，一連提出三次，資方均(jun)不答應，海員工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)在(zai)最后(hou)(hou)通(tong)牒后(hou)(hou)，24小時(shi)內凡到香(xiang)港(gang)的(de)輪船(chuan)全(quan)線罷(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。這(zhe)就是(shi)1922年春赫赫有(you)名的(de)香(xiang)港(gang)海員大罷(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。蘇兆征在(zai)這(zhe)次罷(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)運動中(zhong)領導工(gong)(gong)(gong)人拒絕了資本家及港(gang)英政府各種(zhong)脅迫(po)和誘惑，終(zhong)于迫(po)使其(qi)答應工(gong)(gong)(gong)人條件，罷(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)取得了最后(hou)(hou)的(de)勝(sheng)利(li)。蘇的(de)機智和剛(gang)毅進一步得到工(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)擁戴。

蘇兆(zhao)征很(hen)善于與其(qi)他工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)首領(ling)打交道，通過成(cheng)功領(ling)導歷次(ci)工(gong)(gong)(gong)運(yun)而威信越來越高，使他漸成(cheng)為廣東和香港工(gong)(gong)(gong)人的中(zhong)心人物。這(zhe)為后來他領(ling)導歷時20個月、震驚世界的省港大罷工(gong)(gong)(gong)作了很(hen)好(hao)的準備。

缺席當選

蘇兆征(zheng)一生(sheng)中(zhong)，有過(guo)兩個重要的職(zhi)位(wei)：省港大罷工(gong)委員會(hui)委員長和蘇維埃(ai)政府(fu)主(zhu)席，而兩個職(zhi)位(wei)都是(shi)缺席當選(xuan)的，足見他在工(gong)人和革命隊(dui)伍中(zhong)的聲望。

在(zai)(zai)省港大罷(ba)工(gong)期間，蘇兆征(zheng)被(bei)選(xuan)為(wei)罷(ba)工(gong)委員(yuan)會(hui)委員(yuan)長。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)委員(yuan)長，任(ren)(ren)勞任(ren)(ren)怨，克己(ji)勤勉(mian)，罷(ba)工(gong)開始的兩(liang)三(san)個(ge)(ge)月，從早(zao)六點(dian)到(dao)半(ban)夜十二點(dian)是無片(pian)刻閑(xian)暇，而黨團(tuan)必(bi)(bi)到(dao)十二點(dian)之后才能開會(hui)，往往開到(dao)兩(liang)三(san)點(dian)甚至到(dao)天亮(liang)。蘇兆征(zheng)是每事必(bi)(bi)躬親處(chu)理(li)，往往人都(dou)散了，他(ta)還在(zai)(zai)燈下辦公。同(tong)時(shi)，與(yu)政府接頭(tou)，與(yu)各社會(hui)團(tuan)體接頭(tou)，參加(jia)群眾(zhong)大會(hui)以及各種會(hui)議……這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)委員(yuan)長，贏得了全國工(gong)人對(dui)其的信任(ren)(ren)。

東方(fang)第一個蘇(su)維埃，于1927年12月11日在廣州(zhou)實現。蘇(su)兆征便是這個蘇(su)維埃政府的(de)主席。

后世紀念

故居

蘇兆征故居(ju)陳列館位于(yu)廣東省珠海市唐(tang)家(jia)灣鎮(zhen)淇澳村，由故居(ju)和(he)陳列館兩部分組成(cheng)。其故居(ju)為(wei)蘇兆征祖(zu)父所建，1885年11月11日(ri)蘇兆征出生于(yu)此，并渡(du)過青少年時代。故居(ju)為(wei)土(tu)木結構平房，一進(jin)三間，屋前有(you)院(yuan)落、矮墻、院(yuan)門(men)，整座故居(ju)占地約100平方米。

1979年公(gong)布為廣東省文(wen)物保護單位，1983年按原貌修繕(shan)，1985年對外開放。2009年，中共(gong)(gong)珠海市委、市人民政府決(jue)定由珠海市文(wen)體旅游局實施蘇兆征故(gu)(gu)居(ju)文(wen)保工程，建設(she)內容(rong)包括故(gu)(gu)居(ju)修繕(shan)，征收(shou)故(gu)(gu)居(ju)右側(ce)三戶民房改建為陳列館，并與故(gu)(gu)居(ju)建筑風格保持協調性(xing)和統一性(xing)，與故(gu)(gu)居(ju)共(gong)(gong)同組成(cheng)完(wan)整的故(gu)(gu)居(ju)陳列館。

蘇兆征塑像

1985年11月，在蘇兆(zhao)征誕辰100周年之際(ji)，珠海(hai)人(ren)民在市區(qu)香(xiang)洲的(de)海(hai)霞廣場，豎立起(qi)蘇兆(zhao)征同(tong)志塑像，以表達對這(zhe)位黨和工(gong)人(ren)階級(ji)的(de)杰(jie)出領(ling)導(dao)人(ren)的(de)崇敬(jing)與緬懷。