生平紀略
于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)，原(yuan)(yuan)名于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)九公，曾(ceng)用名于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樹屏、王文禮。1908年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黑龍江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)呼蘭縣(xian)白奎(kui)堡三道村，祖(zu)籍山東(dong)登州。清咸(xian)豐(feng)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1861年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）東(dong)荒開(kai)(kai)禁，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)家(jia)從山東(dong)逃荒來東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)，經過幾(ji)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)辛勤經營，在(zai)三道村已成當(dang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)大(da)戶(hu)。1925年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)(shang)海發生(sheng)了(le)“五卅”慘案(an)。正在(zai)黑龍江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)齊(qi)(qi)齊(qi)(qi)哈(ha)爾甲(jia)種工業學校讀書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)和(he)同學張(zhang)甲(jia)洲、魏祖(zu)舜找(zhao)到法(fa)專、農校和(he)一(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)學生(sheng)串聯(lian)(lian)，共(gong)(gong)同組織(zhi)全(quan)市(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)學校的(de)(de)(de)(de)學生(sheng)上(shang)(shang)街游行示(shi)威，抗(kang)(kang)(kang)議日本帝國(guo)(guo)主義槍殺中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)工人的(de)(de)(de)(de)暴行，聲援上(shang)(shang)海工人的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)帝斗(dou)爭。1928年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)以黑龍江考生(sheng)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)成績考入(ru)北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)清華大(da)學第(di)(di)四級(ji)經濟(ji)系。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)他(ta)加(jia)(jia)入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)產黨外圍組織(zhi)反(fan)帝大(da)同盟。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)經中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)市(shi)委代理(li)書(shu)記張(zhang)甲(jia)洲介紹(shao)加(jia)(jia)入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)產黨并任(ren)清華支(zhi)部書(shu)記。“九·一(yi)(yi)八”事(shi)變后，他(ta)參加(jia)(jia)了(le)北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)大(da)學生(sheng)南(nan)下向(xiang)南(nan)京(jing)國(guo)(guo)民政(zheng)府請愿示(shi)威的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日救亡活動。1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春，他(ta)和(he)張(zhang)甲(jia)洲、張(zhang)文藻、張(zhang)清林、鄭炳(bing)文、夏(xia)尚志等(deng)五名東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)籍大(da)學生(sheng)踏(ta)上(shang)(shang)了(le)“打回老家(jia)去”的(de)(de)(de)(de)悲(bei)壯路程。在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)滿(man)洲省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委指(zhi)示(shi)下，5月(yue)(yue)16日在(zai)巴(ba)彥縣(xian)七馬架子(zi)成立(li)了(le)打響中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)武裝抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)槍的(de)(de)(de)(de)“東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)民眾抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日義勇軍江北(bei)(bei)(bei)獨(du)立(li)師”（黨史、軍史稱巴(ba)彥抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日游擊(ji)隊），張(zhang)甲(jia)洲任(ren)總(zong)指(zhi)揮，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)任(ren)特派員及交通(tong)情(qing)報站負責人。1933年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)被滿(man)洲省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委派遣到齊(qi)(qi)齊(qi)(qi)哈(ha)爾組建(jian)滿(man)洲省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委龍江特別(bie)支(zhi)部并任(ren)書(shu)記。1933年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)起，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)到下江富(fu)錦，和(he)在(zai)當(dang)地潛伏(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)張(zhang)甲(jia)洲二(er)人在(zai)富(fu)錦“野火春風(feng)斗(dou)古城”，建(jian)立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)秘密組織(zhi)；策反(fan)富(fu)錦頭道林子(zi)警(jing)察署長李景蔭，帶出(chu)87條槍投奔抗(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)(lian)獨(du)立(li)師；為(wei)松花江下游各抗(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)(lian)部隊提供軍事(shi)情(qing)報及物資援助。著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)(lian)獨(du)立(li)師七星砬(la)子(zi)兵工廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術繪圖設備，即(ji)是張(zhang)、于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)通(tong)過獨(du)立(li)師輸(shu)送的(de)(de)(de)(de)。1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“七·七”事(shi)變，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)(kai)始。8月(yue)(yue)28日，張(zhang)、于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)二(er)人轉(zhuan)入(ru)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)(lian)獨(du)立(li)師（11月(yue)(yue)改編(bian)為(wei)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)(lian)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)軍），途(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)張(zhang)甲(jia)洲不幸犧牲(sheng)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)隨即(ji)任(ren)獨(du)立(li)師隨軍學校教育長、十(shi)一(yi)(yi)軍（轄一(yi)(yi)個(ge)師）一(yi)(yi)師政(zheng)治(zhi)部主任(ren)。1938年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)隨李兆麟將軍指(zhi)揮的(de)(de)(de)(de)由東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)(lian)六軍教導(dao)隊與十(shi)一(yi)(yi)軍一(yi)(yi)師組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)三批西征部隊，從綏濱薄鴨(ya)河遠征至海倫八道林子(zi)。西征部隊歷盡險(xian)阻，轉(zhuan)戰(zhan)(zhan)千(qian)里，減員幾(ji)近三分之一(yi)(yi)，終于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)達到預期目的(de)(de)(de)(de)，保存了(le)北(bei)(bei)(bei)滿(man)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主力(li)部隊和(he)骨(gu)干力(li)量(liang)，為(wei)后來在(zai)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)黑嫩平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)依托大(da)興安嶺開(kai)(kai)展平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)游擊(ji)戰(zhan)(zhan)奠(dian)定了(le)基礎(chu)。
英雄事跡
1939年1月(yue)，于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)任(ren)(ren)西(xi)(xi)征后(hou)成立的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)“西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)臨時指揮(hui)部(bu)(bu)”第三(san)支(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)政(zheng)(zheng)委(wei)(wei)(wei)。5月(yue)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)第三(san)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)（下轄三(san)、六、九(jiu)(jiu)、十二(er)支(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)）編成后(hou)，李(li)兆麟(lin)任(ren)(ren)總指揮(hui)，馮(feng)仲云任(ren)(ren)政(zheng)(zheng)委(wei)(wei)(wei)，于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)任(ren)(ren)第六支(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)政(zheng)(zheng)委(wei)(wei)(wei)。他(ta)和(he)王明(ming)貴，張(zhang)光迪支(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)長率領部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)“于(yu)(yu)每年青紗帳起時，深入龍江廣坦，開展游擊(ji)(ji)戰(zhan)爭。他(ta)們經(jing)常活動于(yu)(yu)海倫、北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)安、綏化、拜(bai)泉(quan)、青岡、蘭(lan)西(xi)(xi)各縣，不辭雨雪風霜，不怕槍(qiang)林彈雨，始終(zhong)堅持(chi)著(zhu)(zhu)這個(ge)(ge)為(wei)解放(fang)(fang)(fang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)人民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)偉大斗爭”。1941年東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)游擊(ji)(ji)戰(zhan)爭進(jin)入最艱苦(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時期。到日(ri)(ri)(ri)本偷襲(xi)珍(zhen)珠港前(qian)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)本關(guan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軍(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總兵力已(yi)達31個(ge)(ge)師團，人數近(jin)85萬，號稱百萬。根據(ju)1940年3月(yue)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)領導人與(yu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)共及(ji)遠東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)國際代表(biao)達成的(de)(de)(de)(de)《指示提綱》，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)一、二(er)、三(san)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)逐步轉入蘇聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)遠東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)A、B野(ye)營地域(yu)，后(hou)組成東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)軍(jun)(jun)教導旅(lv)(lv)。1941年12月(yue)，于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)率三(san)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)六、九(jiu)(jiu)、十二(er)支(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)主力100余人至(zhi)A野(ye)營整訓(xun)。1942年2月(yue)12日(ri)(ri)(ri)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)民(min)(min)族(zu)英(ying)雄趙尚志在(zai)梧桐河呂家菜園(yuan)子中敵(di)埋伏壯烈殉國。2月(yue)19日(ri)(ri)(ri)，周保(bao)中、李(li)兆麟(lin)任(ren)(ren)命于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)三(san)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)政(zheng)(zheng)特派員返回東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)接替中共北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)滿省委(wei)(wei)(wei)書記、三(san)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)政(zheng)(zheng)委(wei)(wei)(wei)金策的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)。1944年1月(yue)，金策率張(zhang)瑞麟(lin)小部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)經(jing)二(er)個(ge)(ge)月(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長途跋涉到達A野(ye)營后(hou)，此時整個(ge)(ge)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)戰(zhan)場上只有(you)于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)領導的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)三(san)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)留(liu)守(shou)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)孤懸敵(di)后(hou)，在(zai)同日(ri)(ri)(ri)偽軍(jun)(jun)進(jin)行(xing)著(zhu)(zhu)你死(si)我(wo)(wo)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)斗。教導旅(lv)(lv)命張(zhang)瑞麟(lin)立即組織六人小分隊(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)3月(yue)底回東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)尋(xun)找于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)留(liu)守(shou)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)，但(dan)因聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)絡失控未果，于(yu)(yu)8月(yue)折返蘇聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)《牢門脫險記》一書中寫道：“東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)是我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)家鄉故土，我(wo)(wo)愛(ai)祖國、我(wo)(wo)愛(ai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、我(wo)(wo)愛(ai)家鄉、我(wo)(wo)也愛(ai)樹海無(wu)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)興安嶺，不管敵(di)人怎(zen)樣兇(xiong)惡殘暴(bao)，抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)斗爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)怒火是不能(neng)被(bei)壓下去的(de)(de)(de)(de)，我(wo)(wo)決心埋尸故土，也不離開東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)一步！”
1944年12月19日(ri)(ri)因壞人(ren)告密(mi)(mi)，于(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)及部下(xia)孫國棟(dong)、杜希(xi)剛、于(yu)蘭閣（龍光濤）、劉文祥、王明(ming)德在綏棱縣上集鎮宋萬(wan)金屯（今(jin)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)村）、綏化九井子(zi)、長山(shan)小五部被(bei)日(ri)(ri)寇逮捕。于(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)先后(hou)(hou)被(bei)關押在慶安警(jing)務科“留置場”和北安省警(jing)務廳(ting)特務分(fen)室秘密(mi)(mi)監獄。面對(dui)(dui)(dui)日(ri)(ri)寇兇殘的(de)“威迫利(li)誘逼(bi)降策(ce)”，于(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)以其豐富的(de)對(dui)(dui)(dui)敵斗爭經驗，大(da)智大(da)勇、堅(jian)貞不屈與日(ri)(ri)冠進行了(le)殊死的(de)較量。終于(yu)1945年7月12日(ri)(ri)同另一名抗聯戰士趙忠良打死日(ri)(ri)本看守特務石丸(wan)兼(jian)政成功(gong)越(yue)獄，并在人(ren)民群眾(zhong)掩護下(xia)脫(tuo)險(xian)。“滿洲國”報紙(zhi)驚呼：“于(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)逃跑，滿洲國失去一大(da)半(ban)”。日(ri)(ri)寇出(chu)百萬(wan)元懸賞，還組(zu)織(zhi)了(le)瘋狂的(de)大(da)追捕，逼(bi)迫數十(shi)萬(wan)中國老百姓“拉(la)大(da)網(wang)”搜(sou)尋。這(zhe)是日(ri)(ri)寇在“八·一五”前夕對(dui)(dui)(dui)東北抗聯最大(da)規模的(de)軍事政治行動。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)同日(ri)(ri)寇面對(dui)(dui)(dui)面的(de)斗爭，于(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)早有思想和心理(li)上的(de)準備，1940年2月，在給三路軍總(zong)指揮(hui)部的(de)信中，于(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)寫道：“天(tian)(tian)放(fang)是革命者，我(wo)已犧牲了(le)自(zi)己的(de)一切一切，為(wei)了(le)爭取民族解放(fang)的(de)最后(hou)(hou)勝利(li)，為(wei)了(le)中華祖國獨立、自(zi)由而流盡(jin)最后(hou)(hou)一滴(di)血(xue)，任何困難是能夠克(ke)服的(de)……”
巧笑倩兮 
