漢(han)(han)(han)謨(mo)(mo)(mo)拉(la)比,是古巴比倫王帝國(guo)(guo)君王,辛穆巴里(li)特之子。公(gong)元前1728年(nian),辛穆巴里(li)特去(qu)世,漢(han)(han)(han)謨(mo)(mo)(mo)拉(la)比開始統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)。這時(shi),兩河流域分裂已數百年(nian)。公(gong)元前1700年(nian)時(shi),埃(ai)蘭王國(guo)(guo)進(jin)攻兩河流域,摧毀埃(ai)什努(nu)納等城邦(bang)。漢(han)(han)(han)謨(mo)(mo)(mo)拉(la)比和拉(la)爾薩聯(lian)合粉碎了埃(ai)蘭王國(guo)(guo)的進(jin)攻,隨后,漢(han)(han)(han)謨(mo)(mo)(mo)拉(la)比于(yu)公(gong)元前1699年(nian)征服拉(la)爾薩。隨后數年(nian),漢(han)(han)(han)謨(mo)(mo)(mo)拉(la)比南征北戰,公(gong)元前1695年(nian),漢(han)(han)(han)謨(mo)(mo)(mo)拉(la)比基(ji)本統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一兩河流域漢(han)(han)(han)謨(mo)(mo)(mo)拉(la)比統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)期,古巴比倫王國(guo)(guo)中央集(ji)權制(zhi)度建立起來(lai),王權增強(qiang)。公(gong)元前1686年(nian),漢(han)(han)(han)謨(mo)(mo)(mo)拉(la)比去(qu)世,子薩姆蘇(su)伊魯納上臺(tai)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)。
漢(han)(han)謨拉(la)(la)比(bi)上(shang)(shang)臺統(tong)治(zhi)后,制定了(le)一(yi)部(bu)法典(dian)(dian),稱為(wei)“《漢(han)(han)謨拉(la)(la)比(bi)法典(dian)(dian)》”。公元前1698年《漢(han)(han)謨拉(la)(la)比(bi)法典(dian)(dian)》正式(shi)頒 布。《漢(han)(han)謨拉(la)(la)比(bi)法典(dian)(dian)》用(yong)楔形文(wen)字刻在(zai)一(yi)塊玄(xuan)武巖石(shi)柱上(shang)(shang)。
《漢謨拉比(bi)(bi)法典(dian)(dian)》由序文(wen)、正(zheng)文(wen)和結(jie)語(yu)(yu)三部分(fen)構成(cheng)。序文(wen)主要是頌(song)揚漢謨拉比(bi)(bi)的功(gong)績。正(zheng)文(wen)共282條,涉(she)及(ji)訴訟程序、盜竊、土(tu)地(di)、雇傭、租(zu)佃、商業、婚(hun)姻、繼承、傷害、債(zhai)務、奴隸(li)等,比(bi)(bi)較全面地(di)反映了古巴比(bi)(bi)倫王(wang)國的社(she)會狀況(kuang)。結(jie)語(yu)(yu)表(biao)示(shi),漢謨拉比(bi)(bi)奉(feng)沙(sha)瑪(ma)什(shen)之(zhi)命制定法典(dian)(dian)。
《漢(han)謨拉比法典(dian)》是世界歷(li)史(shi)上第一部(bu)較完整的成文法典(dian)。