[英國]華茲華斯 顧子欣 譯
我好(hao)似一朵孤(gu)獨的流云，
高高地飄游在山(shan)谷之上(shang)，
突然(ran)我(wo)看到一大片(pian)鮮花，
是金(jin)色(se)的水仙(xian)遍地(di)開放。
它們開在(zai)湖(hu)畔，開在(zai)樹下(xia)
它們(men)隨(sui)風嬉舞，隨(sui)風飄蕩。
它們密(mi)集如銀河的星星，
像群(qun)星在閃爍一片晶瑩；
它們(men)沿著海灣向(xiang)前伸展，
通(tong)向遠方仿佛(fo)無窮無盡；
一(yi)眼看去就有千朵萬朵，
萬花搖(yao)首舞(wu)得多么高興(xing)。
粼粼湖(hu)波(bo)也在近旁歡跳，
卻不知這水仙舞得輕俏(qiao)；
詩人(ren)遇見這快(kuai)樂的伙伴，
又(you)怎能不(bu)感到歡(huan)欣雀躍；
我(wo)久久凝視--卻未能領悟
這景象(xiang)所帶給我的精神至寶。
后(hou)來多少次我郁(yu)郁(yu)獨(du)臥，
感到百無聊賴心(xin)靈空漠；
這(zhe)景象便在腦(nao)海中(zhong)閃現，
多少次(ci)安慰過我(wo)的(de)寂寞；
我的心又隨(sui)水仙跳(tiao)起舞來，
我的心又重新充(chong)滿(man)了歡(huan)樂。
詠(yong)水仙 又譯為 我好似一朵流(liu)云獨自(zi)漫游
我獨自漫(man)游，像山谷(gu)上空 悠(you)悠(you)飄(piao)過的一朵(duo)云(yun)霓，驀然舉目，我望見(jian)一叢 金黃的水(shui)仙，繽紛茂密；在湖水(shui)之(zhi)濱，樹蔭之(zhi)下，正隨風搖曳，舞姿瀟灑。
連綿密布，似繁星萬點 在(zai)銀(yin)河上下(xia)閃爍明滅，這一片水(shui)仙，沿著湖灣 排成延續(xu)無盡的(de)行列；一眼便瞥見萬多千株(zhu)，搖(yao)顫(zhan)著花冠，輕(qing)盈(ying)飄舞(wu)。
湖面的(de)漣漪也迎風起(qi)舞(wu)，水(shui)仙的(de)歡(huan)悅(yue)卻勝似漣漪；有(you)了這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)愉快的(de)伴侶，詩人(ren)怎能不心曠(kuang)神怡！我(wo)凝(ning)望多時，卻未(wei)曾想到 這(zhe)美景給了我(wo)怎樣(yang)(yang)的(de)珍寶(bao)。
從此(ci)，每當我倚(yi)榻而(er)臥，或情(qing)懷抑(yi)郁，或心境茫然，水仙呵，便在(zai)心目(mu)中閃爍——那是我孤寂時分的(de)樂園；我的(de)心靈便歡情(qing)洋(yang)溢，和水仙一道(dao)舞踴不息。
“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” was written by William Wordsworth, the representative poet of the early romanticism. As a great poet of nature, William Wordsworth was the first to find words for the most elementary sensations of man face to face with natural phenomena. These sensations are universal and old but, once expressed in his poetry, become charmingly beautiful and new. His deep love for nature runs through short lyrics such as “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed --- and gazed --- but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” is a poem about nature. With his pure and poetic language, Wordsworth brings us into a beautiful world where there are daffodils, trees and breeze. We follow the poet at every turn of his feelings. We share his melancholy when he “wandered lonely as a cloud” and his delight the moment his heart “with pleasure fills ”. We come to realize the great power of nature that may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem.
Edgar Allan Poe once described poetry as “ music… combined with a pleasure idea”. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also makes great use of the “music ”of the language to achieve sound beauty in addition to convey meaning. He employs masculine rhyme in “a, b, a, b, c, c” pattern to receive emphasis as a musical effect. (e.g. “cloud” (a), “hills” (b), “crowd” (a), “daffodils” (b), “trees” (c), “breeze” (c) in stanza 1). He also achieves musical quality by the management of alliteration (e.g. “That floats on high o’er vales and hills” in line 2 and “Beside the lake, beneath the trees” in line 5) and assonance (e.g. “beneath the trees in line 5” and “ They stretched in never-ending line” in line 9) and consonance (e.g. “ vales and hills” in line 2 ). Besides the repetition of sounds, the poet also makes his poem a strong appeal for us in language that is rhythmical. He arranges his poem in lines of iambic tetrameter in the main with alternation of iambic trimeter.
( e.g. I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills
When all at once I saw a crowd
A host, of golden daffodils
Beside the lake, beneath the trees
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze )
He slowed down the tempo in line 4 to keep in accordance with his bated breath the moment he glimpses at a host of golden daffodils thus convey to us the poet’s intoxication in the face of nature. With all these musical devices, Wordsworth secures a songlike effect of his poem in addition to communicate his emotion and meaning.
An old saying goes “There are pictures in poetry and poetry in pictures”. It finds its most eloquent examples in most of the Chinese Tang poems that present the readers with beautiful pictures. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also seeks to express his emotions by providing the sense impressions he has through imagery. He depicts a picture in which “a host of golden daffodils (visual imagery) fluttering and dancing in the breeze” (kinaesthetic imagery) so vividly that it appeals richly to our senses and to our imagination.
Wordsworth, in the poem, also employs figurative language to evoke not only the visual effect but also the emotional response. (e.g. in line 1, the poet makes a comparison between “I wandered lonely” and “a cloud” by the use of simile, thus convey to us his lonely and melancholy mood with the image of “cloud”. In line 7, he also amplifies the visual effect by the use of another simile “Continuous as the stars that shine…” to evoke our sense of “daffodils” with the image of “stars” twinkling on the milky way which is familiar to us all. He goes further to impress us with the image of countless daffodils with an overstatement in line 9 “They stretched in never-ending line”). Besides, natural things are also endowed with human being’s characters by the poet’s subtle use of personification. (e.g. “Tossing their heads in sprightly dance” “The waves beside them danced”) therefore, as we read the poem, we become aware of the poet’s deep love toward nature through his lovely and vivid description about natural things with his figurative language.
What’s more, Wordsworth goes further to communicate his emotion and meaning by his thoughtful tone. The choose of the word “lonely” in “I wandered lonely as a cloud” instead of other words like carefree, leisure or jolly convey to us the poet’s depression and disconsolateness at the very beginning. But as he catches sight of daffodils stretching as far as the eyes can see and finds himself in the midst of nature, his loneliness turns into relaxation and joy. Thus the shift of the poet’s mood from sadness to happiness manifests the theme --- the great influence of nature upon human being.
這首詩寫于(yu)詩人(ren)從法(fa)國(guo)回來不久(jiu)。詩人(ren)帶著(zhu)對自由的(de)向往去了法(fa)國(guo)，參加一些革命(ming)活動。但(dan)法(fa)國(guo)革命(ming)沒(mei)有帶來預期(qi)的(de)結果，隨之而(er)來的(de)是混亂。詩人(ren)的(de)失(shi)望和(he)受(shou)的(de)打擊是可想而(er)知的(de)，后來在他的(de)朋(peng)友和(he)妹妹的(de)幫(bang)助下，情緒(xu)才得以(yi)艱(jian)難地(di)恢復。這首詩就寫于(yu)詩人(ren)的(de)心(xin)情平靜(jing)之后不久(jiu)。
在詩(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)開頭(tou)，詩(shi)(shi)人將(jiang)自己比喻為一(yi)(yi)(yi)朵孤獨(du)的(de)(de)流云，孤單地(di)(di)在高高的(de)(de)天空飄蕩。孤傲的(de)(de)詩(shi)(shi)人發現(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大片金色的(de)(de)水仙(xian)，它們(men)歡(huan)快(kuai)地(di)(di)遍地(di)(di)開放。在詩(shi)(shi)人的(de)(de)心中，水仙(xian)已經不(bu)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種植物了，而是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種象征，代(dai)表(biao)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)種靈魂，代(dai)表(biao)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)種精神。
水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)很多，如天上的(de)(de)(de)星(xing)星(xing)，都(dou)在(zai)閃(shan)爍(shuo)。水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)似乎是(shi)(shi)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)，沿(yan)著彎屈的(de)(de)(de)海岸線向(xiang)前方伸展。詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)有這樣的(de)(de)(de)旅伴(ban)而(er)歡(huan)欣(xin)(xin)鼓(gu)舞、歡(huan)呼跳(tiao)躍。在(zai)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)心中，水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)代表(biao)了自然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)精華，是(shi)(shi)自然(ran)心靈(ling)的(de)(de)(de)美妙(miao)表(biao)現(xian)。但是(shi)(shi)，歡(huan)快的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)并不能時(shi)時(shi)伴(ban)在(zai)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)身(shen)邊，詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)離(li)開了水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)，心中不時(shi)冒出(chu)憂郁孤寂的(de)(de)(de)情緒。這時(shi)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)寫(xie)出(chu)了一種對社會、世界的(de)(de)(de)感受：那高傲、純潔(jie)的(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)魂在(zai)現(xian)實的(de)(de)(de)世界只能郁郁寡歡(huan)。當然(ran)，詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)腦(nao)海深處(chu)會不時(shi)浮現(xian)水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)那美妙(miao)的(de)(de)(de)景象，這時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)雙情緒振奮，歡(huan)欣(xin)(xin)鼓(gu)舞。
詩歌的(de)基調是浪漫的(de)，同時帶著濃烈的(de)象征主義色彩。可(ke)以說(shuo)，詩人的(de)一生只在自然中找到了(le)寄托。
歲月靜好 
