[英(ying)國]華茲華斯 顧(gu)子欣(xin) 譯
我好(hao)似(si)一朵孤(gu)獨的流云，
高高地飄(piao)游在山谷之上，
突然我看(kan)到一(yi)大(da)片(pian)鮮花，
是金色(se)的水仙(xian)遍(bian)地開放。
它們開(kai)(kai)在(zai)湖畔，開(kai)(kai)在(zai)樹下
它們隨(sui)風(feng)(feng)嬉舞，隨(sui)風(feng)(feng)飄蕩(dang)。
它們(men)密集如銀河的星星，
像群星在閃爍(shuo)一(yi)片晶瑩；
它(ta)們(men)沿著(zhu)海灣向前伸展，
通向遠方仿佛無窮無盡；
一眼看去就(jiu)有(you)千朵萬(wan)朵，
萬花搖首舞(wu)得多么高興(xing)。
粼粼湖波(bo)也在近旁歡跳，
卻不知這水仙舞得輕俏(qiao)；
詩人遇見這(zhe)快樂的伙伴(ban)，
又怎能不感到歡欣雀(que)躍；
我久久凝視--卻未能領悟
這(zhe)景(jing)象所(suo)帶給我(wo)的(de)精(jing)神(shen)至寶。
后來多少次我郁郁獨(du)臥，
感到百無聊賴心靈空漠；
這景象便在腦(nao)海中閃現，
多少次安慰過我的寂寞；
我的心又隨(sui)水(shui)仙跳起(qi)舞(wu)來，
我的心(xin)又(you)重新(xin)充滿了(le)歡樂。
詠水仙 又譯為(wei) 我好似一(yi)朵(duo)流(liu)云(yun)獨自漫游
我獨自漫游，像(xiang)山谷上空 悠悠飄過(guo)的一(yi)朵云霓，驀然舉目，我望見一(yi)叢 金黃(huang)的水(shui)仙，繽紛茂密；在湖水(shui)之(zhi)濱，樹蔭之(zhi)下，正隨(sui)風搖(yao)曳(ye)，舞姿(zi)瀟灑。
連(lian)綿(mian)密布，似繁星(xing)萬點 在銀河上下閃爍(shuo)明滅，這(zhe)一(yi)片水仙(xian)，沿著湖(hu)灣(wan) 排成(cheng)延續(xu)無盡的行(xing)列；一(yi)眼便瞥見萬多千株，搖顫著花(hua)冠(guan)，輕盈(ying)飄(piao)舞(wu)。
湖面的(de)(de)漣漪也迎風起舞，水仙的(de)(de)歡悅卻勝似漣漪；有(you)了這樣(yang)愉(yu)快的(de)(de)伴侶，詩(shi)人怎(zen)(zen)能不心曠神(shen)怡！我凝望(wang)多(duo)時，卻未(wei)曾想到 這美景(jing)給(gei)了我怎(zen)(zen)樣(yang)的(de)(de)珍寶(bao)。
從(cong)此(ci)，每當我倚(yi)榻而臥，或情(qing)懷抑郁，或心境(jing)茫然，水仙呵，便(bian)在心目中閃爍——那是我孤寂時(shi)分的(de)樂園；我的(de)心靈便(bian)歡情(qing)洋溢(yi)，和(he)水仙一(yi)道舞踴不息。
“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” was written by William Wordsworth, the representative poet of the early romanticism. As a great poet of nature, William Wordsworth was the first to find words for the most elementary sensations of man face to face with natural phenomena. These sensations are universal and old but, once expressed in his poetry, become charmingly beautiful and new. His deep love for nature runs through short lyrics such as “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed --- and gazed --- but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” is a poem about nature. With his pure and poetic language, Wordsworth brings us into a beautiful world where there are daffodils, trees and breeze. We follow the poet at every turn of his feelings. We share his melancholy when he “wandered lonely as a cloud” and his delight the moment his heart “with pleasure fills ”. We come to realize the great power of nature that may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem.
Edgar Allan Poe once described poetry as “ music… combined with a pleasure idea”. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also makes great use of the “music ”of the language to achieve sound beauty in addition to convey meaning. He employs masculine rhyme in “a, b, a, b, c, c” pattern to receive emphasis as a musical effect. (e.g. “cloud” (a), “hills” (b), “crowd” (a), “daffodils” (b), “trees” (c), “breeze” (c) in stanza 1). He also achieves musical quality by the management of alliteration (e.g. “That floats on high o’er vales and hills” in line 2 and “Beside the lake, beneath the trees” in line 5) and assonance (e.g. “beneath the trees in line 5” and “ They stretched in never-ending line” in line 9) and consonance (e.g. “ vales and hills” in line 2 ). Besides the repetition of sounds, the poet also makes his poem a strong appeal for us in language that is rhythmical. He arranges his poem in lines of iambic tetrameter in the main with alternation of iambic trimeter.
( e.g. I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills
When all at once I saw a crowd
A host, of golden daffodils
Beside the lake, beneath the trees
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze )
He slowed down the tempo in line 4 to keep in accordance with his bated breath the moment he glimpses at a host of golden daffodils thus convey to us the poet’s intoxication in the face of nature. With all these musical devices, Wordsworth secures a songlike effect of his poem in addition to communicate his emotion and meaning.
An old saying goes “There are pictures in poetry and poetry in pictures”. It finds its most eloquent examples in most of the Chinese Tang poems that present the readers with beautiful pictures. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also seeks to express his emotions by providing the sense impressions he has through imagery. He depicts a picture in which “a host of golden daffodils (visual imagery) fluttering and dancing in the breeze” (kinaesthetic imagery) so vividly that it appeals richly to our senses and to our imagination.
Wordsworth, in the poem, also employs figurative language to evoke not only the visual effect but also the emotional response. (e.g. in line 1, the poet makes a comparison between “I wandered lonely” and “a cloud” by the use of simile, thus convey to us his lonely and melancholy mood with the image of “cloud”. In line 7, he also amplifies the visual effect by the use of another simile “Continuous as the stars that shine…” to evoke our sense of “daffodils” with the image of “stars” twinkling on the milky way which is familiar to us all. He goes further to impress us with the image of countless daffodils with an overstatement in line 9 “They stretched in never-ending line”). Besides, natural things are also endowed with human being’s characters by the poet’s subtle use of personification. (e.g. “Tossing their heads in sprightly dance” “The waves beside them danced”) therefore, as we read the poem, we become aware of the poet’s deep love toward nature through his lovely and vivid description about natural things with his figurative language.
What’s more, Wordsworth goes further to communicate his emotion and meaning by his thoughtful tone. The choose of the word “lonely” in “I wandered lonely as a cloud” instead of other words like carefree, leisure or jolly convey to us the poet’s depression and disconsolateness at the very beginning. But as he catches sight of daffodils stretching as far as the eyes can see and finds himself in the midst of nature, his loneliness turns into relaxation and joy. Thus the shift of the poet’s mood from sadness to happiness manifests the theme --- the great influence of nature upon human being.
這首(shou)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)寫于(yu)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)從法(fa)(fa)國回來(lai)不(bu)久(jiu)。詩(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)帶著對自由的(de)(de)(de)向往去了法(fa)(fa)國，參加(jia)一些革命活動。但法(fa)(fa)國革命沒有(you)帶來(lai)預期的(de)(de)(de)結果，隨之而來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)是混亂。詩(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)失望和受的(de)(de)(de)打擊是可(ke)想而知的(de)(de)(de)，后來(lai)在他的(de)(de)(de)朋(peng)友和妹(mei)妹(mei)的(de)(de)(de)幫助下，情緒才(cai)得以艱難地恢復。這首(shou)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)就寫于(yu)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)心情平(ping)靜之后不(bu)久(jiu)。
在(zai)詩的(de)開(kai)頭，詩人將自(zi)己比喻為(wei)一(yi)朵孤(gu)(gu)獨(du)的(de)流云，孤(gu)(gu)單地在(zai)高(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)天空飄蕩。孤(gu)(gu)傲的(de)詩人發現一(yi)大片金色(se)的(de)水仙(xian)，它(ta)們歡(huan)快(kuai)地遍地開(kai)放(fang)。在(zai)詩人的(de)心中，水仙(xian)已經不是一(yi)種(zhong)植物了(le)，而(er)是一(yi)種(zhong)象(xiang)征，代表了(le)一(yi)種(zhong)靈(ling)魂，代表了(le)一(yi)種(zhong)精神。
水仙(xian)很多，如(ru)天上的(de)(de)星星，都在(zai)(zai)閃爍(shuo)。水仙(xian)似乎是動(dong)的(de)(de)，沿著彎(wan)屈的(de)(de)海(hai)岸線(xian)向前方伸展。詩(shi)人(ren)為有(you)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)旅伴而歡(huan)欣(xin)鼓舞、歡(huan)呼跳躍。在(zai)(zai)詩(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)心中(zhong)，水仙(xian)代表了(le)自然(ran)的(de)(de)精華，是自然(ran)心靈的(de)(de)美妙(miao)表現。但是，歡(huan)快的(de)(de)水仙(xian)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)能時(shi)時(shi)伴在(zai)(zai)詩(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)身邊，詩(shi)人(ren)離開了(le)水仙(xian)，心中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)時(shi)冒出憂(you)郁孤(gu)寂的(de)(de)情緒(xu)。這(zhe)時(shi)詩(shi)人(ren)寫出了(le)一種對社(she)會、世(shi)界(jie)的(de)(de)感受：那高傲、純潔的(de)(de)靈魂在(zai)(zai)現實的(de)(de)世(shi)界(jie)只能郁郁寡歡(huan)。當然(ran)，詩(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)腦海(hai)深(shen)處會不(bu)(bu)時(shi)浮(fu)現水仙(xian)那美妙(miao)的(de)(de)景象，這(zhe)時(shi)的(de)(de)詩(shi)人(ren)雙情緒(xu)振奮，歡(huan)欣(xin)鼓舞。
詩(shi)歌的(de)(de)基調是浪漫的(de)(de)，同(tong)時帶著濃烈的(de)(de)象征主(zhu)義(yi)色彩。可以(yi)說，詩(shi)人的(de)(de)一生只(zhi)在自然中找到了寄托。
歲月靜好 
