南泉山位于黎平縣城南1.5公里,海拔853米。面積43.4公頃,是黔、桂、湘交界地帶的佛教勝地,自古以來香火不斷,游人絡繹不絕。南泉山(shan),山(shan)上(shang)古木參天,樹種(zhong)繁多(duo)。自然景(jing)觀豐富,主要(yao)有(you)八景(jing),詩人(ren)把八景(jing)巧妙的寫在(zai)每句詩的前頭(tou)四字:古松怒立接(jie)天齊,曲(qu)徑盤旋手卓藜,雙井(jing)靄(ai)霧(wu)山(shan)色(se)好,一龍吐(tu)水梵音(yin)低。林嵐倦雨光含鈾,苑桂飄風香滿堤。樓擱空中千里(li)目,夕陽倒影射窗(chuang)西(xi)。
南泉山寺:始建(jian)于(yu)明(ming)朝初年(nian)(nian)(nian),后毀于(yu)兵亂,明(ming)萬(wan)歷34年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1606年(nian)(nian)(nian)),黎(li)靖參將李思(si)忠倡(chang)捐重(zhong)建(jian),清嘉慶元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1796年(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)修(xiu)。
南(nan)泉山(shan)自山(shan)腳至(zhi)山(shan)頂建(jian)有三殿(dian)(dian):第(di)一層(ceng)為大(da)佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian),第(di)二(er)層(ceng)原(yuan)為靈(ling)宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian),第(di)三層(ceng)是寶頂庵(an)正殿(dian)(dian)。今山(shan)中僅存大(da)佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)一寺。
龍(long)(long)井泉:距大佛殿不(bu)遠處(chu)有南(nan)泉亭,南(nan)泉亭旁有井泉,鑿石為(wei)龍(long)(long),水(shui)從(cong)龍(long)(long)口涌出(chu),注入(ru)井內(nei),其水(shui)夏涼而冬溫,飲(yin)之清心爽口,南(nan)泉山因其井水(shui)而得名。據說喝此(ci)水(shui)能消(xiao)災驅邪,帶來吉祥。
天香書(shu)院:始于明代,內原有國父孫中山親撰楹(ying)聯,惜1966年“文(wen)化(hua)大革命”“破(po)四舊”慘遭浩劫(jie),殿內佛(fo)像、匾額(e)、楹(ying)聯、書(shu)畫一掃(sao)而空。“文(wen)革”后政府(fu)多次維修,加(jia)以保(bao)護。
現在山中還新建(jian)(jian)了烈(lie)士紀念(nian)陵(ling)園(yuan)(占地(di)60畝,有紀念(nian)塔(ta),紅軍、解(jie)放軍墓、展(zhan)覽室等建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu))和侗族(zu)鼓樓(lou),成(cheng)為休閑旅游及佛教(jiao)勝地(di)。
相關傳說:歷代名(ming)家政客對(dui)南泉山都留下墨跡和傳說故事。
相傳,中湘王何騰蛟(jiao)曾(ceng)攻(gong)讀于天香書院。他一心攻(gong)讀,從不下(xia)山,五月(yue)端午家人送(song)粽粑(ba)給他吃,旁邊(bian)(bian)擺了一碟糖,他邊(bian)(bian)吃邊(bian)(bian)看書,竟把粽粑(ba)蘸入墨(mo)硯之(zhi)中,弄得滿臉墨(mo)黑,流下(xia)千古佳話。
山(shan)(shan)中的南(nan)泉山(shan)(shan)寺是(shi)具有明清兩(liang)代風格的建筑群(qun),既(ji)有明代的端(duan)莊持重(zhong),又(you)不失清代的玲瓏秀麗。寺有3殿(dian),依(yi)山(shan)(shan)取勢(shi),建于山(shan)(shan)腰,層(ceng)層(ceng)而上。第(di)一層(ceng)為大佛(fo)殿(dian),第(di)二層(ceng)為靈宮殿(dian),第(di)三(san)層(ceng)為寶頂庵正殿(dian)。南(nan)泉山(shan)(shan)寺寶頂庵正殿(dian)有天(tian)香閣,是(shi)南(nan)明兵部(bu)尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)何騰蛟(jiao)幼年攻書(shu)(shu)之所。何騰蛟(jiao)在天(tian)香閣勤奮攻書(shu)(shu),立志報國,他讀(du)書(shu)(shu)時“蘸墨吃棕”等故事至(zhi)今廣(guang)為流(liu)傳。
黎平革(ge)命烈(lie)士(shi)(shi)陵(ling)(ling)園亦搬遷到此山,黎平革(ge)命烈(lie)士(shi)(shi)陵(ling)(ling)園被國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院授(shou)予“重點(dian)紀(ji)念(nian)建(jian)筑物保護(hu)(hu)單位”,并在2009年國(guo)(guo)(guo)家計(ji)劃實施(shi)的全國(guo)(guo)(guo)重點(dian)革(ge)命烈(lie)士(shi)(shi)紀(ji)念(nian)設施(shi)保護(hu)(hu)改(gai)造工程中,列入了(le)中央投資備選(xuan)項(xiang)目范圍(wei)。該(gai)革(ge)命烈(lie)士(shi)(shi)陵(ling)(ling)園入圍(wei)第五(wu)批全國(guo)(guo)(guo)重點(dian)烈(lie)士(shi)(shi)紀(ji)念(nian)建(jian)筑物保護(hu)(hu)單位,是貴(gui)州省僅(jin)有的3處(chu)之一。
據《黔南(nan)識略》、《貴州通(tong)志》、《黎平府記(ji)》記(ji)載何顯示的泉(quan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)景(jing)物(wu):“南(nan)泉(quan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)疊嶂叢林(lin),明建(jian)三寺(si)于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),游人(ren)絡繹(yi)不絕,為最名勝。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)八景(jing):古松若虬(qiu)、曲(qu)徑盤空、石(shi)龍(long)吐水、雙(shuang)井靄霧(wu)、桂苑(yuan)秋香、空中樓閣(ge)、孤頂浮嵐、夕陽返照。南(nan)泉(quan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大殿(dian)左(zuo)側,酷暑飲之極清(qing)涼,故(gu)名南(nan)泉(quan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”明洪武年(nian)間建(jian)三寺(si),計(ji)有(you)大佛(fo)殿(dian)、靈宮殿(dian)、寶(bao)頂庵正殿(dian)、四楹樓閣(ge)、蛟亭、南(nan)泉(quan)亭等建(jian)筑物(wu),依山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)就勢,建(jian)于半(ban)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰,層層疊上,既有(you)明代(dai)之端莊(zhuang)持重,亦不失清(qing)代(dai)之玲瓏秀麗。寺(si)殿(dian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)呈八字形,上有(you)一(yi)橫(heng)匾書“雅若祗(zhi)園(yuan)”,大門(men)兩旁有(you)一(yi)副(fu)對聯“馬足車塵世路不知何處盡,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)花澗月禪心應自此中生。”整(zheng)個建(jian)筑蔚為壯(zhuang)觀。南(nan)泉(quan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是省級(ji)重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保護單位,省級(ji)風景(jing)名勝區。 南(nan)泉(quan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)主山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)道,鵝卵石(shi)鋪就,透逸而上,共有(you)九彎十八拐。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰行道旁有(you)“點(dian)蛟亭”、“南(nan)泉(quan)福地”,寺(si)左(zuo)腋有(you)八角亭。亭外(wai)有(you)四方(fang)水池 3 眼,一(yi)供(gong)飲用,二備盟(meng)洗,泉(quan)水由石(shi)龍(long)嘴里涌(yong)出,泉(quan)水清(qing)澈,四季長流(liu)。