宋(song)(song)(song)少(shao)(shao)(shao)帝(di)陵(ling),早期稱(cheng)宋(song)(song)(song)少(shao)(shao)(shao)帝(di)墓,是(shi)南宋(song)(song)(song)最(zui)后一個皇帝(di)宋(song)(song)(song)少(shao)(shao)(shao)帝(di)趙昺的(de)陵(ling)墓,位于中國廣東省(sheng)深(shen)圳市南山區招商街道赤(chi)(chi)灣村少(shao)(shao)(shao)帝(di)路、赤(chi)(chi)灣公(gong)園附(fu)近,是(shi)廣東省(sheng)境內的(de)一座(zuo)宋(song)(song)(song)代皇帝(di)陵(ling)寢。宋(song)(song)(song)少(shao)(shao)(shao)帝(di)陵(ling)是(shi)深(shen)圳市第一批重點文物保護單位。
宋少帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)遠沒有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)般皇帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)那么大(da)氣,整個陵(ling)(ling)園幾(ji)乎一(yi)(yi)覽無(wu)余。陵(ling)(ling)園北依小南山(shan)(shan),南臨伶仃洋。正中(zhong)就(jiu)是(shi)少帝(di)墓(mu),墓(mu)地中(zhong)央豎(shu)立(li)一(yi)(yi)塊大(da)石碑,墓(mu)碑的(de)上(shang)方(fang)刻有(you)(you)祥龍(long)兩(liang)幅,中(zhong)間刻有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)太陽浮雕(diao);墓(mu)碑正中(zhong)鐫刻“大(da)宋祥慶(qing)少帝(di)之陵(ling)(ling)”八個填金(jin)大(da)字(zi)(據說,“祥慶(qing)”應為“祥興(xing)”之誤,但在粵語中(zhong),“慶(qing)”和(he)“興(xing)”讀音相近);右左兩(liang)行填金(jin)小字(zi)為:“本(ben)山(shan)(shan)坐于兼祭復卦四支(zhi)”、“辛亥歲趙氏三派裔(yi)(yi)孫重修”,兩(liang)旁有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)金(jin)字(zi)對聯:“黃裔(yi)(yi)于今延宋祀,赤灣長此鞏皇陵(ling)(ling)”。
碑(bei)后為(wei)墳堆,有兩重弧形圍墻,前段(duan)中(zhong)間頂(ding)面(mian)塑(su)祥云(yun)拱(gong)月,涂染朱紅,后段(duan)頂(ding)面(mian)塑(su)雙龍拱(gong)日,下有一只鳳(feng)鳥裝飾。
墓的(de)(de)(de)東側,立有一塊泉州白(bai)石(shi)碑(bei)(bei),正(zheng)面是《宋帝(di)(di)昺陵墓碑(bei)(bei)記(ji)》,記(ji)敘了宋少(shao)帝(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)生平、陸秀夫負帝(di)(di)殉海的(de)(de)(de)經過以及陵墓的(de)(de)(de)修建情況,碑(bei)(bei)文(wen)為篆體陰文(wen),風(feng)格(ge)古拙,是著(zhu)名(ming)書法(fa)家商承祚(zuo)所(suo)寫。石(shi)碑(bei)(bei)背面則刻有著(zhu)名(ming)書法(fa)家秦萼生題筆的(de)(de)(de)八個大(da)字:“崖(ya)海潛龍,赤灣(wan)延(yan)帝(di)(di)”,字體蒼勁。
乘坐b600路、b819路至“赤(chi)灣小學”站下。
宋(song)少(shao)帝(di)(di),也稱宋(song)末(mo)帝(di)(di),名叫趙昺(bǐng),是宋(song)度宗趙禥(qi)(qí)的兒(er)子(zi),宋(song)末(mo)三帝(di)(di)之一(yi)。趙禥(qi)有三個兒(er)子(zi),二(er)兒(er)子(zi)趙顯是嫡(di)子(zi),大兒(er)子(zi)趙昰(shì)和三兒(er)子(zi)趙昺是庶(shu)子(zi)。
趙(zhao)昺生(sheng)于公元1271年(nian),這一年(nian),忽必烈建立(li)了元朝,因此,他(ta)一出生(sheng)就注定是(shi)一場悲劇。1274年(nian),度宗(zong)死在(zai)酒色之中,四歲(sui)的(de)嫡子趙(zhao)顯在(zai)奸臣賈似道的(de)扶持下(xia)登基(ji)做皇(huang)帝,稱(cheng)為宋(song)(song)恭(gong)帝。當(dang)時宋(song)(song)元交戰,元兵已飲馬長(chang)江,南宋(song)(song)國勢危急(ji)。
1276年(nian),南(nan)宋國都臨(lin)安(杭州(zhou))陷落(luo),宋恭(gong)帝(di)被(bei)俘。南(nan)宋大(da)臣(chen)(chen)護送趙(zhao)(zhao)昰和趙(zhao)(zhao)昺南(nan)逃,并(bing)在福州(zhou)擁立(li)趙(zhao)(zhao)昰為帝(di),即宋端宗。元兵窮追不舍(she),南(nan)宋小朝廷被(bei)迫繼(ji)續逃亡到廣(guang)東(dong)。1278年(nian)端宗病死(si),大(da)臣(chen)(chen)們就擁立(li)8歲的趙(zhao)(zhao)昺為帝(di),改年(nian)號為祥(xiang)興(xing),并(bing)以陸秀(xiu)夫為左丞(cheng)相,張世杰為太傅,進駐廣(guang)東(dong)新(xin)會崖山(shan),繼(ji)續抗擊元軍。
祥興(xing)二年(nian)(1279)正月,元(yuan)軍(jun)進攻(gong)崖山,宋元(yuan)兩軍(jun)在廣東新會的崖山海(hai)面決戰,結(jie)果,張世(shi)杰所率宋軍(jun)寡不(bu)敵眾,大敗海(hai)上(shang)。3月19日,陸(lu)秀夫見大勢已去,于是身穿朝服,將8歲的小皇(huang)帝(di)(di)趙(zhao)昺(bing)抱到船頭,叩首再拜道:“國(guo)事(shi)至此,陛下當(dang)為國(guo)死。德祐皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(宋恭帝(di)(di))辱已甚,陛下不(bu)可再辱!”言罷,背起小皇(huang)帝(di)(di),跳入(ru)茫(mang)茫(mang)大海(hai),至此,南宋徹底滅亡。