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《楞伽經》
0 票數:0 #佛教經書#
《楞伽經》全稱《楞伽阿跋多羅寶經》,亦稱《入楞伽經》、《大乘入楞伽經》。楞伽經對中國佛教影響頗大,是歷來禪者修習如來禪、明心見性最主要的依據之一,楞伽經重在唯心分別境界的修證。一切佛語心是《楞伽經》中的經典名句。
  • 中文名: 楞(leng)伽經
  • 類型: 注(zhu)解(jie)佛經
  • 創作時間: 443年(nian)
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以下全部內容采用(yong)成觀法師撰注之《楞(leng)伽經義貫》一書

《楞(leng)伽(jia)經(jing)(jing)》的(de)(de)(de)重要性(xing)(xing),大家都(dou)(dou)知道是(shi)禪(chan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)初(chu)祖(zu)印度人(ren)達摩(mo)傳燈印心的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)上寶典(dian),因(yin)此(ci)是(shi)歷來(lai)禪(chan)者修(xiu)習(xi)如來(lai)禪(chan)、明(ming)心見(jian)性(xing)(xing)最主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)依(yi)據之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。除此(ci)之(zhi)外,佛于本(ben)經(jing)(jing)中詳(xiang)示五法(fa)、三自性(xing)(xing)、八識、二種(zhong)無(wu)我,而這(zhe)些法(fa)門,也(ye)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)法(fa)相(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、唯(wei)(wei)識學主(zhu)要研習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)對象,尤其是(shi)三自性(xing)(xing)(依(yi)他起性(xing)(xing)、遍(bian)計所(suo)執性(xing)(xing)、圓成實性(xing)(xing))、以及(ji)八識(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意(yi)、末那、阿賴耶(ye))的(de)(de)(de)體、相(xiang)、用,更(geng)是(shi)唯(wei)(wei)識學的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)色當(dang)行;甚至五法(fa)(相(xiang)、名、妄想、正智、如如),以及(ji)二種(zhong)無(wu)我(人(ren)無(wu)我及(ji)法(fa)無(wu)我)亦是(shi)相(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)參究的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要內容之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。因(yin)此(ci)歷來(lai)習(xi)相(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)者也(ye)都(dou)(dou)把(ba)它列為與《解(jie)深密經(jing)(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣是(shi)必(bi)讀的(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)經(jing)(jing)典(dian)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(附注:本(ben)經(jing)(jing)亦為唯(wei)(wei)識宗(zong)(zong)(zong)所(suo)依(yi)據之(zhi)六(liu)部根本(ben)經(jing)(jing)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)詳(xiang)見(jian)唯(wei)(wei)識宗(zong)(zong)(zong)詞(ci)條(tiao))。由(you)于《楞(leng)伽(jia)經(jing)(jing)》既(ji)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)部性(xing)(xing)相(xiang)圓融、各(ge)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)共(gong)尊(zun)的(de)(de)(de)圣典(dian),不(bu)論在性(xing)(xing)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)或(huo)相(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)的(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)經(jing)(jing)典(dian)中,都(dou)(dou)列于首要之(zhi)位。故(gu)知本(ben)經(jing)(jing)對修(xiu)學大乘佛法(fa)來(lai)講(jiang),不(bu)論性(xing)(xing)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)或(huo)相(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong),都(dou)(dou)極其重要。

產生于(yu)(yu)公元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)6世(shi)紀(ji)古印(yin)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佛教,至今(jin)已經走過了(le)2500多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)歲月(yue)。楞伽經佛教在(zai)(zai)(zai)紀(ji)元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)后開始傳(chuan)入我國,在(zai)(zai)(zai)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統文化經過長期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)匯(hui)、融合(he)后,逐漸發(fa)(fa)展和演變(bian)成(cheng)了(le)具(ju)有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)族特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國佛教,形成(cheng)了(le)眾多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)派(pai),表現(xian)出百態紛呈(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)面。僅以(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國佛教的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三大(da)(da)系(xi)(xi)統(漢語系(xi)(xi)、藏語系(xi)(xi)、巴利語系(xi)(xi)) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漢語系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)學(xue)派(pai)就包括天臺宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、法(fa)相(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、律(lv)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、凈(jing)土宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、華嚴宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、密(mi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)等眾多宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)派(pai)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)些眾多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)派(pai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),又由于(yu)(yu)所倡導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修行證悟(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)各有(you)特色(se),從而(er)(er)又各立門(men)庭,各有(you)傳(chuan)承(cheng),至今(jin)綿延不(bu)絕(jue)。如以(yi)(yi)(yi)《六祖壇(tan)經》為代(dai)(dai)表經典(dian),首尊《楞伽經》,后以(yi)(yi)(yi)《金剛經》為主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)展和演變(bian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又形成(cheng)五派(pai), 即溈仰(yang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、臨(lin)濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、云門(men)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、法(fa)眼宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨(lin)濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)自宋(song)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后又形成(cheng)了(le)黃(huang)龍派(pai)、楊(yang)岐派(pai)。習(xi)慣上,人(ren)們將禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)衍化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各派(pai)合(he)稱為“五家(jia)七宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”。其(qi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)風在(zai)(zai)(zai)海內外之影響,至今(jin)而(er)(er)未衰。佛教在(zai)(zai)(zai)思(si)想(xiang)上與(yu)(yu)魏晉風行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玄(xuan)學(xue)義(yi)趣相(xiang)投(tou),迎(ying)合(he)了(le)文人(ren)學(xue)士的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口味,在(zai)(zai)(zai)隋唐(tang)時大(da)(da)盛并與(yu)(yu)儒、道兩家(jia)學(xue)說互為補充(chong),形成(cheng)了(le)三家(jia)合(he)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)面,又經宋(song)、元(yuan)、明、清歷代(dai)(dai),是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國文人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統學(xue)問,代(dai)(dai)有(you)大(da)(da)德高僧、學(xue)界巨擘。佛學(xue)成(cheng)為博大(da)(da)深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國傳(chuan)統文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)重要(yao)組成(cheng)部分。鑒于(yu)(yu)此,我們所進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)工(gong)作,應當具(ju)有(you)冷靜而(er)(er)客(ke)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態度,既反(fan)對簡單地肯定(ding)或否定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法(fa),也(ye)力戒從信仰(yang)或一(yi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)一(yi)派(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度去解釋佛教義(yi)理(li)。注(zhu)重于(yu)(yu)從印(yin)度古代(dai)(dai)思(si)想(xiang)文化發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體背景以(yi)(yi)(yi)及在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國傳(chuan)統文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上,去注(zhu)釋佛教經典(dian),使之優秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)文化傳(chuan)統得(de)到繼承(cheng)和光(guang)大(da)(da),這(zhe)也(ye)是筆者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)愿所在(zai)(zai)(zai)。

《楞(leng)伽(jia)(jia)經(jing)(jing)》全稱《楞(leng)伽(jia)(jia)阿跋多(duo)羅(luo)寶經(jing)(jing)》,其譯名分別出自(zi)南朝宋元嘉二十年(nian)(nian)(443年(nian)(nian))的(de)(de)求(qiu)那跋陀羅(luo)、北魏的(de)(de)菩提(ti)流支、唐代于(yu)闐(今新疆(jiang)和(he)田)僧(seng)人實叉(cha)難陀。各譯為(wei)四卷(juan)本(ben)(ben)(ben)、十卷(juan)本(ben)(ben)(ben)、七卷(juan)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。由于(yu)求(qiu)那跋陀羅(luo)的(de)(de)譯本(ben)(ben)(ben)最早,更接近本(ben)(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)原始義,因此(ci)流傳廣、影響大。我們(men)也以四卷(juan)本(ben)(ben)(ben)為(wei)工作(zuo)底(di)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。針對(dui)佛僧(seng)對(dui)話,散文與(yu)(yu)詩句相(xiang)互(hu)交(jiao)叉(cha)的(de)(de)特點來進行(xing)標點和(he)分段。注(zhu)釋部(bu)分采(cai)用以句為(wei)主(zhu),兼(jian)顧(gu)數句一旨的(de)(de)方法,依次進行(xing),有(you)些佛教詞語出現時(shi)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)在義理(li)上各有(you)側重,則(ze)采(cai)用刪繁就簡的(de)(de)原則(ze),予以復注(zhu);白話譯文部(bu)分,以直譯為(wei)主(zhu),在有(you)的(de)(de)術(shu)語已有(you)注(zhu)釋的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)提(ti)下(xia),兼(jian)采(cai)意(yi)譯,以便于(yu)閱讀(du)這(zhe)也是(shi)根據(ju)《楞(leng)伽(jia)(jia)經(jing)(jing)》具有(you)突出的(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)探究(jiu)和(he)人生哲學論(lun)辯的(de)(de)特征而采(cai)用的(de)(de)方式。應當說(shuo)明的(de)(de)是(shi)在注(zhu)釋部(bu)分,作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)并不恪(ke)守于(yu)舊(jiu)注(zhu),而是(shi)突破一教或(huo)某宗的(de)(de)信仰與(yu)(yu)偏執,力圖在印度與(yu)(yu)中國(guo)歷史文化發展的(de)(de)大背景上進行(xing)冷靜客觀(guan)地工作(zuo),且根據(ju)需要(yao)采(cai)用了一些前(qian)(qian)期的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)成果,尚祈讀(du)者(zhe)(zhe)諒解。由于(yu)必須兼(jian)顧(gu)本(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)與(yu)(yu)叢書(shu)的(de)(de)銜接,時(shi)間緊迫(po), 因此(ci)在工作(zuo)中謬誤、疏漏以至于(yu)偏頗之(zhi)處在所難免,敬請方家指正,由衷地期望本(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)能得到讀(du)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)喜愛和(he)幫助。

其他信息

傳承

本經(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)達(da)摩祖(zu)師(shi)在(zai)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)法(fa)給二祖(zu)慧可大(da)師(shi)后(hou)(hou),親(qin)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)予二祖(zu)大(da)師(shi)的,初(chu)(chu)祖(zu)說(shuo):“吾有(you)(you)《楞(leng)(leng)伽經(jing)(jing)》四(si)卷(juan),亦用(yong)付(fu)汝,即是(shi)(shi)如來心地要門,令諸(zhu)眾生開示悟(wu)入(ru)(ru)。”(見(jian)(jian)《景(jing)德傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)燈錄》)又道(dao)(dao):“吾觀(guan)漢地惟有(you)(you)此經(jing)(jing),仁(ren)者(zhe)依行,自(zi)(zi)得度世。”見(jian)(jian)道(dao)(dao)宣律(lv)師(shi)《續高僧(seng)(seng)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)卷(juan)楞(leng)(leng)伽是(shi)(shi)達(da)摩祖(zu)師(shi)所(suo)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),用(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)印(yin)(yin)(yin)心的,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)世雖見(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)二種譯本,但大(da)都只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)當(dang)作參(can)考用(yong),而(er)且(qie)一(yi)般談到(dao)《楞(leng)(leng)伽經(jing)(jing)》時(shi),也多(duo)是(shi)(shi)指最初(chu)(chu)宋(song)譯的《四(si)卷(juan)楞(leng)(leng)伽》而(er)言。從(cong)(cong)達(da)摩祖(zu)師(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou),正法(fa)眼藏(zang)的傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承,即以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《楞(leng)(leng)伽經(jing)(jing)》為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)印(yin)(yin)(yin)心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)據(ju);后(hou)(hou)來,正如達(da)摩祖(zu)師(shi)所(suo)預言者(zhe),一(yi)百(bai)(bai)多(duo)年后(hou)(hou),到(dao)了(le)(le)四(si)祖(zu)道(dao)(dao)信大(da)師(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou),楞(leng)(leng)伽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學漸(jian)(jian)漸(jian)(jian)轉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)名相之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學,因此五祖(zu)弘忍大(da)師(shi)才開始以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《金剛經(jing)(jing)》為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禪宗(zong)印(yin)(yin)(yin)心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)典(dian)。如六祖(zu)聞(wen)客誦《金剛經(jing)(jing)》而(er)有(you)(you)所(suo)悟(wu)時(shi),問客從(cong)(cong)哪里來,客答說(shuo):“我從(cong)(cong)蘄(qi)州黃梅縣(xian)東(dong)禪寺(si)來,其(qi)(qi)寺(si)是(shi)(shi)五祖(zu)忍大(da)師(shi)在(zai)彼主(zhu)化……大(da)師(shi)常勸僧(seng)(seng)俗,但持《金剛經(jing)(jing)》,即自(zi)(zi)見(jian)(jian)性,直了(le)(le)成佛(fo)。”因此《金剛經(jing)(jing)》開始盛行于(yu)世,而(er)《楞(leng)(leng)伽經(jing)(jing)》即從(cong)(cong)隋(sui)末、初(chu)(chu)唐(tang)開始,便漸(jian)(jian)漸(jian)(jian)失傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)了(le)(le)(請(qing)參(can)見(jian)(jian)宋(song)·蔣(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇楞(leng)(leng)伽經(jing)(jing)序(xu))。一(yi)直到(dao)了(le)(le)北(bei)宋(song)仁(ren)宗(zong)時(shi),有(you)(you)一(yi)朝(chao)庭大(da)臣,官位(wei)太子太保,名張(zhang)安道(dao)(dao)(樂(le)全(quan))先生,于(yu)仁(ren)宗(zong)慶歷,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)滁州牧(mu)時(shi),才偶(ou)(ou)然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,又發掘出《楞(leng)(leng)伽經(jing)(jing)》,自(zi)(zi)讀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),如見(jian)(jian)故物,大(da)有(you)(you)所(suo)悟(wu),如蘇(su)東(dong)坡(po)的序(xu)中說(shuo):張(zhang)公(gong)“至一(yi)僧(seng)(seng)舍,偶(ou)(ou)見(jian)(jian)此經(jing)(jing),入(ru)(ru)手(shou)(shou)(shou)恍然(ran)(ran),如獲舊物,開卷(juan)未終,夙(su)障(zhang)冰解,細視(shi)筆墨,手(shou)(shou)(shou)跡宛然(ran)(ran),悲喜太息(xi),從(cong)(cong)是(shi)(shi)悟(wu)入(ru)(ru),常以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)首四(si)偈,發明心要。”(見(jian)(jian):蘇(su)東(dong)坡(po)序(xu))后(hou)(hou)來張(zhang)公(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此《楞(leng)(leng)伽經(jing)(jing)》親(qin)自(zi)(zi)教授蘇(su)東(dong)坡(po),并且(qie)出錢(qian)三(san)十(shi)萬,請(qing)蘇(su)東(dong)坡(po)刻(ke)印(yin)(yin)(yin)此經(jing)(jing),令流傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)于(yu)世。蘇(su)東(dong)坡(po)的好友佛(fo)印(yin)(yin)(yin)和尚卻向他(ta)建議說(shuo):“與其(qi)(qi)刻(ke)印(yin)(yin)(yin),不如由蘇(su)東(dong)坡(po)自(zi)(zi)己來書寫(xie),然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)再刻(ke)印(yin)(yin)(yin),更能(neng)流傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)得久(因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)坡(po)居(ju)士(shi)的書法(fa)是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)名的,世人(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)珍惜其(qi)(qi)墨寶,定會妥為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)保存其(qi)(qi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)寫(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)),蘇(su)東(dong)坡(po)于(yu)是(shi)(shi)將此經(jing)(jing)寫(xie)一(yi)遍,然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)刻(ke)印(yin)(yin)(yin)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)世。現今所(suo)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe),即是(shi)(shi)張(zhang)公(gong)所(suo)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、東(dong)坡(po)居(ju)士(shi)所(suo)手(shou)(shou)(shou)書的。然(ran)(ran)而(er)自(zi)(zi)隋(sui)末至北(bei)宋(song)末期,此經(jing)(jing)失傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)了(le)(le)將近四(si)百(bai)(bai)五十(shi)年!我們有(you)(you)幸現在(zai)還能(neng)親(qin)睹這部無上甚深寶典(dian),全(quan)拜張(zhang)、蘇(su)二大(da)居(ju)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賜。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)功(gong)德不可沒,故特志(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

法門

大綱--性與相

佛(fo)(fo)在(zai)《楞伽經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》所要(yao)開闡(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)與(yu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)二門,而(er)(er)(er)(er)且是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平均發展,這(zhe)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特色之(zhi)一。因此本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)宗(zong)最高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian),同時也被(bei)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)宗(zong)行(xing)人奉為(wei)圭臬,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學唯識法(fa)(fa)(fa)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人必讀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian)之(zhi)一。佛(fo)(fo)在(zai)一般開示(shi)性(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中,為(wei)適應眾生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)機(ji)(ji),不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)偏(pian)于(yu)(yu)性(xing)(xing)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)闡(chan)發,即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)偏(pian)向相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)探究,很少有二者并重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),因為(wei)光是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)或(huo)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)任何一門,都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)很深奧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),除非(fei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)上(shang)根(gen)熟眾生,才能(neng)兼籌并顧。由(you)于(yu)(yu)以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因,才有性(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)二宗(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分野(ye),乃至于(yu)(yu)有后世性(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)二宗(zong)之(zhi)行(xing)人于(yu)(yu)學理(li)(li)上(shang)互相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)沖(chong)突、攻(gong)伐,不(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)水火之(zhi)事(shi)。然而(er)(er)(er)(er)從(cong)這(zhe)部經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)來看,這(zhe)些(xie)沖(chong)突、攻(gong)伐,都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)莫須有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);因為(wei)佛(fo)(fo)說法(fa)(fa)(fa)度眾生只在(zai)契機(ji)(ji)、契理(li)(li)、應病與(yu)藥,各人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病不(bu)(bu)(bu)同,你吃你的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥,我吃我的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥,彼此并無妨礙,只要(yao)病好就行(xing),而(er)(er)(er)(er)這(zhe)“病好”即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)契理(li)(li),“各人病不(bu)(bu)(bu)同”即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)契機(ji)(ji);因此契機(ji)(ji)、契理(li)(li)并行(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)悖。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故佛(fo)(fo)隨機(ji)(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)有種(zhong)種(zhong)善(shan)說,大(da)根(gen)人則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)為(wei)說大(da)法(fa)(fa)(fa),小根(gen)人則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)為(wei)說小法(fa)(fa)(fa)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)上(shang)上(shang)根(gen)熟眾生所的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)如來自證境界;佛(fo)(fo)之(zhi)自證境界則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無復妄(wang)想(xiang),萬法(fa)(fa)(fa)一如,于(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)、法(fa)(fa)(fa)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)毫(hao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)偏(pian)頗,因此性(xing)(xing)與(yu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)所占的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分量是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一樣(yang)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以內容而(er)(er)(er)(er)言;至于(yu)(yu)其方法(fa)(fa)(fa)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)藉相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)了性(xing)(xing),及由(you)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)入(ru)性(xing)(xing),而(er)(er)(er)(er)其終極目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)達到性(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一如的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境界。若(ruo)以圖表示(shi)之(zhi),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)如:

1.內容:性-相(性相不偏)。

2.方法(fa):相→性(藉相了(le)性,由相入性)。

3.目(mu)的:性=相(性相一如,如水與波)。

所以(yi)然者(zhe),一(yi)(yi)(yi)切法(fa)(fa)總括(kuo)來講就(jiu)是(shi)性與(yu)相(xiang)(xiang)二者(zhe),于法(fa)(fa)性及法(fa)(fa)相(xiang)(xiang)若見(jian)有沖突,或(huo)見(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)、異、不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)、不(bu)(bu)異,都是(shi)墮(duo)入經中(zhong)所謂的(de)四(si)句之(zhi)過。因此,性與(yu)相(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)爭,在此是(shi)沒有的(de),若有者(zhe),即是(shi)愚(yu)夫妄想(xiang),自(zi)心妄現。又,關于上表(biao)中(zhong)的(de)第三項“性=相(xiang)(xiang)”,有人(ren)可(ke)能會套個(ge)口頭禪說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)“性相(xiang)(xiang)圓(yuan)融(rong)”,其實到(dao)此境界已無所謂圓(yuan)融(rong)不(bu)(bu)圓(yuan)融(rong),而是(shi)性相(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)如(ru)(ru),以(yi)諸法(fa)(fa)本(ben)如(ru)(ru),本(ben)來是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge),如(ru)(ru)水與(yu)波,說(shuo)(shuo)什么圓(yuan)不(bu)(bu)圓(yuan)、融(rong)不(bu)(bu)融(rong)?又,諸法(fa)(fa)如(ru)(ru)《楞嚴經》中(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)“本(ben)如(ru)(ru)來藏妙真如(ru)(ru)性”,不(bu)(bu)是(shi)你要(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)圓(yuan)它(ta)、融(rong)它(ta)--法(fa)(fa)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)故(gu),非造作故(gu)。

細(xi)目--具體行(xing)法

以上(shang)所談是(shi)楞伽法門(men)的大綱,其細目則是(shi)欲使行人頓了(le)四(si)(si)門(men)、頓離(li)四(si)(si)門(men),及到如來自覺圣趣。茲分別說之(zhi)如下:

(A)了四門

上面所提到的四門是:五法、三(san)自性(xing)、八識、二種無我(wo)。

①五法:相、名(ming)(ming)、妄想(xiang)、正(zheng)智、如(ru)(ru)如(ru)(ru)。眾(zhong)生以見種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)“相”,認以為實(shi),而依此種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)相起種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)“名(ming)(ming)”,然后更依此種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)假名(ming)(ming),作種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)“妄想(xiang)”;若(ruo)知(zhi)此等相、名(ming)(ming)、妄想(xiang)皆是(shi)(shi)虛偽無實(shi),如(ru)(ru)翳(yi)眼(yan)所見空中華,即(ji)入“正(zheng)智”;復唯心直(zhi)進,以此正(zheng)智返熏(xun)七識(shi),返照本性,即(ji)得登于“如(ru)(ru)如(ru)(ru)”之境。因此,相、名(ming)(ming)、妄想(xiang)三(san)者即(ji)是(shi)(shi)世諦、生滅門(men),亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)染法;正(zheng)智、如(ru)(ru)如(ru)(ru)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)真諦、涅盤門(men),亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)凈法。

②三(san)自性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing):緣(yuan)起(qi)自性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、妄(wang)(wang)想(xiang)自性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、成(cheng)(cheng)自性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。亦即是唯識(shi)法相(xiang)(xiang)宗所(suo)說的:依他起(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、遍(bian)計(ji)所(suo)執(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、圓(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)實性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。名稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)略(lve)異,其(qi)義則同。以(yi)一(yi)切(qie)法皆(jie)依眾(zhong)緣(yuan)和合而(er)妄(wang)(wang)起(qi),無(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)自性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),故(gu)(gu)緣(yuan)起(qi)自性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)依他起(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)依種(zhong)種(zhong)緣(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)無(wu)(wu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)法而(er)橫起(qi)種(zhong)種(zhong)妄(wang)(wang)想(xiang)分別,普遍(bian)計(ji)度執(zhi)著,故(gu)(gu)妄(wang)(wang)想(xiang)自性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遍(bian)計(ji)所(suo)執(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。一(yi)切(qie)法雖(sui)現有(you)(you)(you)眾(zhong)緣(yuan)和合、離散(san)、若生(sheng)(sheng)若滅(mie)等(deng)相(xiang)(xiang),及眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)依此等(deng)妄(wang)(wang)相(xiang)(xiang)復起(qi)無(wu)(wu)邊妄(wang)(wang)想(xiang),然一(yi)切(qie)法實本(ben)自圓(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng),從本(ben)以(yi)來(lai)(lai),無(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)增(zeng)損,故(gu)(gu)其(qi)本(ben)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“不生(sheng)(sheng)不滅(mie),不垢不凈,不增(zeng)不減”;亦如六祖(zu)大(da)師所(suo)言“何(he)其(qi)自性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本(ben)自清(qing)凈,何(he)其(qi)自性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本(ben)不生(sheng)(sheng)滅(mie),何(he)其(qi)自性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本(ben)自具(ju)足。”故(gu)(gu)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)此性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)名成(cheng)(cheng)自性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圓(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)實性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);圓(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)實之(zhi)“實”者(zhe),以(yi)此性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不虛妄(wang)(wang),遠(yuan)離一(yi)切(qie)虛妄(wang)(wang)故(gu)(gu),是故(gu)(gu)如來(lai)(lai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)德(de)非(fei)是空無(wu)(wu)一(yi)物,故(gu)(gu)能普覆一(yi)切(qie),成(cheng)(cheng)就(jiu)一(yi)切(qie),不落斷(duan)滅(mie)。

③八識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):即(ji)眼識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、耳識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鼻識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、舌識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、身識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、意識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、末那(nei)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、阿賴耶識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。本經于(yu)(yu)偈(jie)問(wen)(wen)偈(jie)答部分(fen)一開始(shi),大慧(hui)菩(pu)薩(sa)所問(wen)(wen)的(de)第一個(ge)問(wen)(wen)題即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi):“云何凈(jing)其(qi)念(nian)?”“念(nian)”即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)意念(nian),意念(nian)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)。這(zhe)也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)問(wen)(wen)如何凈(jing)其(qi)心(xin)(xin)。然而(er)“凈(jing)心(xin)(xin)”與“凈(jing)念(nian)”還是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)點微妙的(de)差別,因為心(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指心(xin)(xin)體,而(er)念(nian)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)之(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)業(ye)用,所以(yi)一個(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)體,一個(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用。因此(ci)(ci)說(shuo)“凈(jing)念(nian)”只是(shi)(shi)(shi)凈(jing)心(xin)(xin)之(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng),令其(qi)不(bu)妄用;若說(shuo)“凈(jing)心(xin)(xin)”,則(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)心(xin)(xin)體本身上(shang)下功(gong)(gong)夫(fu)。然而(er)心(xin)(xin)體無相,由用而(er)顯,故第一步入(ru)手先從(cong)其(qi)業(ye)用上(shang)下功(gong)(gong)夫(fu),漸次(ci)能(neng)達(da)(da)(da)到心(xin)(xin)體,因此(ci)(ci)大慧(hui)菩(pu)薩(sa)在偈(jie)頌中(zhong)的(de)第一個(ge)問(wen)(wen)題即(ji)問(wen)(wen)“云何凈(jing)其(qi)念(nian)”。再者,“凈(jing)心(xin)(xin)”既然是(shi)(shi)(shi)一切佛(fo)法中(zhong)最(zui)首(shou)要的(de)問(wen)(wen)題,而(er)心(xin)(xin)之(zhi)組(zu)成為八識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故后來大慧(hui)菩(pu)薩(sa)在長行中(zhong)提出的(de)第一個(ge)問(wen)(wen)題即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“諸識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)幾種生(sheng)住(zhu)(zhu)滅(mie)(mie)?”這(zhe)便與偈(jie)頌中(zhong)的(de)第一個(ge)問(wen)(wen)題“云何凈(jing)其(qi)念(nian)”遙相呼(hu)應。問(wen)(wen)諸識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)住(zhu)(zhu)滅(mie)(mie)的(de)種類,即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)要了解(jie)心(xin)(xin)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)生(sheng)滅(mie)(mie)相,通達(da)(da)(da)心(xin)(xin)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)生(sheng)滅(mie)(mie)相后,才有(you)可能(neng)離生(sheng)滅(mie)(mie)而(er)入(ru)不(bu)生(sheng)滅(mie)(mie)的(de)本體。此(ci)(ci)不(bu)生(sheng)滅(mie)(mie)的(de)本體即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)如來藏(zang)(zang)。因此(ci)(ci)本經一開始(shi)即(ji)從(cong)對(dui)生(sheng)滅(mie)(mie)的(de)八識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)妄心(xin)(xin)幽微深入(ru)的(de)探(tan)討,漸次(ci)入(ru)于(yu)(yu)對(dui)不(bu)生(sheng)滅(mie)(mie)的(de)如來藏(zang)(zang)之(zhi)顯發,最(zui)后達(da)(da)(da)到諸識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即(ji)妄即(ji)真,七識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)流轉,如來藏(zang)(zang)受流轉等甚(shen)深義(yi)之(zhi)揭示。若達(da)(da)(da)八識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)滅(mie)(mie)之(zhi)相,其(qi)所依者實(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)生(sheng)滅(mie)(mie)的(de)如來藏(zang)(zang)本體,即(ji)達(da)(da)(da)不(bu)生(sheng)之(zhi)大旨。

④二種無(wu)(wu)我(wo):即(ji)(ji)人無(wu)(wu)我(wo)與法(fa)無(wu)(wu)我(wo),亦(yi)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)人空與法(fa)空。人與法(fa)之(zhi)所以空者,是(shi)(shi)因為人與法(fa)具無(wu)(wu)自(zi)體性(xing)。二乘偏(pian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人無(wu)(wu)我(wo),達(da)人空,法(fa)執未斷,故(gu)(gu)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)余涅(nie)?;佛(fo)與大菩薩(sa)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)法(fa)亦(yi)無(wu)(wu)我(wo),故(gu)(gu)于涅(nie)?法(fa)亦(yi)不(bu)執,是(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)不(bu)出不(bu)入(ru):不(bu)住(zhu)生死(si),不(bu)愛涅(nie)?。不(bu)出不(bu)入(ru)故(gu)(gu),二死(si)永亡,不(bu)生不(bu)滅,得(de)大自(zi)在。以上略微介紹一下四門。《楞(leng)伽經》最初(chu)的(de)宗旨,即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)欲令行人入(ru)于此四門,通達(da)此四門,因此頓斷煩惱,分證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)法(fa)身,所謂“不(bu)歷僧?獲法(fa)身”即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)此義。這是(shi)(shi)第(di)一步。第(di)二步即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)下面的(de)“離四門”,所謂“入(ru)乎其(qi)中,出乎其(qi)外”亦(yi)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)大慧菩薩(sa)贊佛(fo)偈(jie)的(de)“遠離覺所覺”。

(B)離(li)四門--覺自心現量,離(li)心意意識(shi)

如何得離(li)四(si)(si)門(men)?謂須覺(jue)了(le)一切(qie)法皆(jie)是(shi)自(zi)心現(xian)量:五(wu)法、三(san)自(zi)性(xing)、八識(shi)、二(er)種無(wu)我皆(jie)是(shi)自(zi)心所(suo)現(xian)量,非(fei)(fei)有、非(fei)(fei)無(wu)、亦(yi)非(fei)(fei)非(fei)(fei)有無(wu),離(li)四(si)(si)句(ju)、絕百非(fei)(fei),遠離(li)一切(qie)妄想,非(fei)(fei)言思(si)所(suo)及,行者如是(shi)觀察(cha)覺(jue)了(le),則得離(li)心意(yi)(yi)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)。言“離(li)心意(yi)(yi)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)”即(ji)(ji)是(shi)總言離(li)四(si)(si)門(men),因(yin)為(wei)五(wu)法、三(san)自(zi)性(xing)、八識(shi)、二(er)種無(wu)我皆(jie)是(shi)心意(yi)(yi)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)之所(suo)變(bian)現(xian)故。因(yin)此(ci)若(ruo)離(li)心意(yi)(yi)意(yi)(yi)識(shi),即(ji)(ji)得頓(dun)離(li)一切(qie)相,亦(yi)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)“忽然超出世出世間”。

(C)到自(zi)覺圣趣--入如來地

若(ruo)得離心(xin)(xin)意(yi)意(yi)識,即(ji)能二死(分段生死、變異生死)永(yong)盡,到自(zi)(zi)覺圣趣。“自(zi)(zi)覺圣趣”(或稱自(zi)(zi)覺圣智(zhi))即(ji)是如(ru)(ru)來自(zi)(zi)證(zheng)(zheng)之境(jing)(jing)界(jie)(jie),如(ru)(ru)能到此境(jing)(jing)界(jie)(jie),即(ji)是入如(ru)(ru)來地,證(zheng)(zheng)如(ru)(ru)來法身(shen)。此即(ji)是本經最高(gao)的目的。又,此如(ru)(ru)來自(zi)(zi)證(zheng)(zheng)境(jing)(jing)界(jie)(jie)甚(shen)深不可思議,然(ran)本經最前頭(tou)一開(kai)始(shi),大慧菩薩承佛(fo)(fo)威神(shen)所說出的贊佛(fo)(fo)偈,即(ji)是暗示了如(ru)(ru)來此自(zi)(zi)覺圣趣的境(jing)(jing)界(jie)(jie)。行人發(fa)大心(xin)(xin)者,依(yi)此偈修,定當獲福無(wu)量,亦當受(shou)十方如(ru)(ru)來慈愍(min)攝受(shou),以隨佛(fo)(fo)學即(ji)是佛(fo)(fo)之真子故。

傳譯人

楞伽(jia)阿跋多(duo)羅寶經(jing)注釋

“楞伽(jia)(jia)”:楞伽(jia)(jia)是(shi)山(shan)名(ming),也(ye)是(shi)城名(ming),以(yi)此城在楞伽(jia)(jia)山(shan)頂(ding),故(gu)以(yi)山(shan)名(ming)為(wei)城名(ming)。楞 伽(jia)(jia)為(wei)梵(fan)語,中(zhong)文(wen)譯為(wei)“不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)往”、“不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)到”、“難(nan)入(ru)(ru)”。因為(wei)此山(shan)城極高,原為(wei)夜(ye)叉(cha)王所據(ju),在此瞰食生(sheng)靈,無(wu)路可(ke)(ke)通(tong)(tong),無(wu)神(shen)通(tong)(tong)者不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)往,故(gu)名(ming)。又(you)楞伽(jia)(jia)山(shan)在今之錫蘭島上(shang),錫蘭為(wei)古(gu)名(ming)即今之斯里蘭卡(SRl LANKA),其中(zhong)“蘭卡”即為(wei)楞伽(jia)(jia)之今譯。再者,以(yi)佛(fo)在龍宮說法后,自(zi)龍宮出,降(jiang)伏(fu)夜(ye)叉(cha)王,即于(yu)此山(shan)城開演此大乘無(wu)上(shang)經典,故(gu)以(yi)楞伽(jia)(jia)為(wei)經名(ming)。又(you)此經乃(nai)佛(fo)以(yi)自(zi)證境界,為(wei)諸大菩薩開演之 無(wu)上(shang)圓頓(dun)法門,非凡愚可(ke)(ke)入(ru)(ru),故(gu)名(ming)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)入(ru)(ru)。

“阿(a)(a)跋(ba)(ba)多(duo)羅(luo)(luo)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”:阿(a)(a)跋(ba)(ba)多(duo)羅(luo)(luo)是(shi)(shi)梵語,中(zhong)譯為(wei)“無(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)”。阿(a)(a)跋(ba)(ba)多(duo)羅(luo)(luo)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。 以佛在(zai)此經中(zhong)所開演(yan)之五法、三性(xing)、二無(wu)(wu)我、八識,會歸于唯心(xin)現境界,乃為(wei)無(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)之法寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),故名此經為(wei)無(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。

“經(jing)(jing)”:梵語(yu)是修(xiu)多羅(luo)(Sutra),中(zhong)文譯(yi)為(wei)契(qi)經(jing)(jing),簡(jian)稱(cheng)為(wei)經(jing)(jing),義(yi)為(wei)契(qi)合、貫通。

謂上契佛心自(zi)證境界,下(xia)契眾生根(gen)機。如(ru)是(shi)佛心與眾生心得以貫通,故名(ming)為經(jing)。

宋天竺三藏(zang)求那跋陀羅譯

“宋(song)”:為(wei)劉(liu)宋(song),非趙匡胤(yin)所(suo)立之趙宋(song)。劉(liu)宋(song)系在晉(jin)末(mo)南北朝,為(wei)南朝之始,乃劉(liu)裕所(suo)立,故史稱“劉(liu)宋(song)”,其年代(dai)為(wei)從西元420年至(zhi)477年。

“天竺”:印度古(gu)譯名。

“三(san)(san)藏(zang)”:經(jing)、律、論為佛法中(zhong)之三(san)(san)藏(zang)教典。后世乃(nai)以(yi)通達(da)三(san)(san)藏(zang)教典之法師(shi)名(ming)為

三藏,或三藏法(fa)師(shi)。

“求(qiu)那(nei)跋陀羅”:漢(han)譯為(wei)“功德賢”,中天竺人。因他好學(xue)大(da)(da)乘,故號為(wei)“摩訶(he)衍(yan)”(摩訶(he)衍(yan)漢(han)譯即是大(da)(da)乘之義。)求(qiu)那(nei)跋陀羅法(fa)師(shi)于(yu)劉(liu)宋文(wen)(wen)(wen)帝、元嘉(jia)十二年(nian)(西 元436年(nian))時(shi),從海(hai)路來廣州。廣州刺史(shi)車朗,表奏文(wen)(wen)(wen)帝,文(wen)(wen)(wen)帝遂遣(qian)使迎(ying)至京師(shi),深為(wei)崇重,京城大(da)(da)臣多師(shi)事(shi)之,并請華嚴(yan)(yan)經。法(fa)師(shi)以不精通華語,引以 為(wei)憾,便乞求(qiu)觀音菩(pu)薩(sa)為(wei)他增加智力(li),后(hou)夜里夢見有天神替他換(huan)頭,于(yu)是偏通華語,便為(wei)眾開(kai)講華嚴(yan)(yan)。

圖書信息

書名:楞伽阿跋多羅寶經義(yi)貫

類別: 注解佛經

頁數: 1220頁

撰注者(zhe): 釋成(cheng)觀法師

發(fa)行(xing)者: 大毗盧(lu)寺(臺灣).遍照寺(美國)

出(chu)版(ban)者(zhe): 毗盧出(chu)版(ban)社

承印者(zhe): 世樺國(guo)際股份有限公司

版次: 2007年第(di)三版,敬印一千冊

贈閱(yue)處: (臺灣)大毗盧寺.(美國)遍(bian)照寺

“楞伽經義貫”第三版(ban)序言

敝(bi)人于約(yue)二十年(nian)前(一九(jiu)(jiu)八(ba)四~一九(jiu)(jiu)八(ba)七)閉關時(shi)所注的楞伽(jia)經義(yi)貫,先后經由(you)大乘精舍(一九(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)○年(nian)、初版(ban))、佛(fo)陀教育基金會(一九(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)三年(nian)、初版(ban)二刷)、及高雄文殊講(jiang)堂(tang)(一九(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)五(wu)年(nian)、第二版(ban)),各(ge)印(yin)了三千冊(ce)(至心(xin)銘感(gan))。然至今(jin)(jin)皆已結緣一空(kong),時(shi)有欲請閱者(zhe),乃至求一書而不可得(de)。故今(jin)(jin)特再發起助印(yin)此書。

楞伽經(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),大家都(dou)(dou)知道是(shi)(shi)震(zhen)旦禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)初祖達(da)摩祖師傳(chuan)燈(deng)印心(xin)的(de)無(wu)(wu)上寶典,因此(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)歷來禪者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)修習如來禪、明心(xin)見性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)最(zui)主要(yao)(yao)的(de)依(yi)據之(zhi)一(yi)。除此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)外,佛于(yu)本(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)中詳(xiang)示五法(fa)、三自性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、八識(shi)(shi)、二種無(wu)(wu)我(wo),而這些法(fa)門,也都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)法(fa)相宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、唯(wei)(wei)識(shi)(shi)學主要(yao)(yao)研習的(de)對象,尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)三自性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(依(yi)他起性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、遍計(ji)所執(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、圓成(cheng)實性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))、以及八識(shi)(shi)(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意、末(mo)那、阿賴耶)的(de)體、相、用(yong),更(geng)是(shi)(shi)唯(wei)(wei)識(shi)(shi)學的(de)本(ben)(ben)色(se)當行;甚至五法(fa)(相、名、妄想、正智、如如),以及二種無(wu)(wu)我(wo)(人(ren)無(wu)(wu)我(wo)及法(fa)無(wu)(wu)我(wo))亦是(shi)(shi)相宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)參(can)究(jiu)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)內(nei)容之(zhi)一(yi)。因此(ci)(ci)歷來習相宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也都(dou)(dou)把它(ta)列為與解(jie)(jie)深(shen)密經(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)樣是(shi)(shi)必讀(du)的(de)根本(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)典之(zhi)一(yi)。由于(yu)楞伽經(jing)(jing)(jing)既是(shi)(shi)一(yi)部(bu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相圓融、各宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)共尊的(de)圣典,不(bu)論在性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)或相宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)的(de)根本(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)典中,都(dou)(dou)列于(yu)首要(yao)(yao)之(zhi)位。故知本(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)對修學大乘佛法(fa)來講,不(bu)論性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)或相宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),都(dou)(dou)極其(qi)重要(yao)(yao)。可惜本(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)之(zhi)古奧精簡,也是(shi)(shi)居所有經(jing)(jing)(jing)典之(zhi)冠,因此(ci)(ci)十(shi)分難讀(du);加以歷來注(zhu)解(jie)(jie)本(ben)(ben)很少,尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)白(bai)(bai)話注(zhu)解(jie)(jie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)更(geng)少,學者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)要(yao)(yao)研此(ci)(ci)經(jing)(jing)(jing),十(shi)分辛(xin)苦。敝人(ren)有感于(yu)此(ci)(ci),便于(yu)昔閉關后期,發心(xin)注(zhu)出,俾使現代(dai)學者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆得易(yi)讀(du)易(yi)解(jie)(jie)(且我(wo)原本(ben)(ben)之(zhi)發心(xin)為:“不(bu)放過(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)文(wen)中任何一(yi)個字(zi)(zi),令(ling)經(jing)(jing)(jing)文(wen)每一(yi)個字(zi)(zi)的(de)意義都(dou)(dou)能明白(bai)(bai)呈(cheng)現、令(ling)人(ren)解(jie)(jie)了。”)因此(ci)(ci)無(wu)(wu)可諱言的(de),其(qi)注(zhu)解(jie)(jie)的(de)過(guo)程是(shi)(shi)頗(po)為辛(xin)勤(qin)的(de)。

本書自初版以來(lai),已歷十(shi)六寒(han)暑,承蒙(meng)各界垂(chui)愛(ai),衷心(xin)(xin)感(gan)激。如今(jin)再(zai)(zai)次(ci)印(yin)行第(di)三版,系由大(da)(da)毗(pi)盧寺發起(qi)(也是第(di)一(yi)次(ci)由本寺發起(qi),重新打字排版,因(yin)為(wei)之前都沒有電腦檔案),辱蒙(meng)十(shi)方緇素大(da)(da)德,再(zai)(zai)次(ci)發心(xin)(xin)贊助、護持,愿你我(wo)以此布施無(wu)(wu)上正(zheng)法(fa)因(yin)緣,今(jin)生(sheng)、來(lai)世速證(zheng)無(wu)(wu)上菩(pu)提。

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