《法華經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》相傳(chuan)為釋(shi)迦牟尼佛晚年在王舍城靈鷲山所說,為大(da)(da)(da)(da)乘佛教初期經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)典之(zhi)一(yi)。學術界(jie)一(yi)般(ban)認為《法華經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》出現于公元前(qian)1世紀,后(hou)續(xu)流(liu)變(bian)發展,形成多種版本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。龍樹(shu)菩薩(公元150—250)的著作《中論(lun)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)智度論(lun)》已引(yin)用本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文義。另外《大(da)(da)(da)(da)般(ban)泥(ni)洹經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)般(ban)涅槃經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》、《優婆塞戒(jie)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)乘本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)生心地觀經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛頂首楞嚴經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》等諸經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)皆列舉(ju)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)名并援(yuan)引(yin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中文義,可(ke)見本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)成立(li)年代(dai)較以(yi)上諸經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為早。該經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)漢譯流(liu)通本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)全稱《妙法蓮華經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》,七卷,或八卷,后(hou)秦(qin)鳩摩(mo)羅(luo)什譯。
漢傳(chuan)《法(fa)華經(jing)》現存有三譯。此其第二譯也。梁僧祐(you)之(zhi)(zhi)出三藏記,隋(sui)費長房之(zhi)(zhi)歷代三寶(bao)記,麗宋(song)元明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)四(si)大藏經(jing)目錄,明(ming)(ming)(ming)智(zhi)旭之(zhi)(zhi)閱藏知津等,悉記為七(qi)(qi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。獨唐智(zhi)升之(zhi)(zhi)開元釋教錄記妙法(fa)蓮華經(jing)八(ba)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),注(zhu)記古本(ben)(ben)七(qi)(qi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。又玄應師之(zhi)(zhi)音義,據八(ba)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)本(ben)(ben)。蓋此時既(ji)為八(ba)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)矣。然觀其后經(jing)錄,麗宋(song)元明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)四(si)大藏皆記七(qi)(qi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),則(ze)一(yi)般通行者七(qi)(qi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)也。明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)華科注(zhu)現行本(ben)(ben)雖為八(ba)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),而其序有曰:厘為七(qi)(qi)帙,壽諸良梓,則(ze)原為七(qi)(qi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),明(ming)(ming)(ming)也。
諸家(jia)之注述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。及(ji)關于本經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之著作如下:法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)疏(shu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋竺道生(sheng)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)義(yi)(yi)(yi)記(ji)八(ba)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),梁(liang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)云撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)義(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)智(zhi)顗(yi)說(shuo)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文(wen)句(ju)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)智(zhi)顗(yi)說(shuo)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)論(lun)疏(shu)三(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)吉(ji)藏(zang)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)論(lun)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)吉(ji)藏(zang)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)游意二(er)(er)(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)吉(ji)藏(zang)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)義(yi)(yi)(yi)疏(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)吉(ji)藏(zang)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)統(tong)略(lve)六卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)吉(ji)藏(zang)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)安樂(le)行義(yi)(yi)(yi)一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),陳慧思(si)說(shuo)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)義(yi)(yi)(yi)釋簽(qian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)湛(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)然述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)文(wen)句(ju)記(ji)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)湛(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)然述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大意一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)湛(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)然述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。天臺法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)義(yi)(yi)(yi)科文(wen)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)湛(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)然述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文(wen)句(ju)輔正記(ji)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)道暹述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)疏(shu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)纘六卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)智(zhi)度述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。妙(miao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文(wen)句(ju)私(si)(si)志(zhi)諸品(pin)要義(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)智(zhi)云述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。妙(miao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文(wen)句(ju)私(si)(si)志(zhi)記(ji)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)智(zhi)云撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為章一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)窺基撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)贊(zan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)窺基撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)贊(zan)義(yi)(yi)(yi)決一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)慧沼撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)贊(zan)攝釋四卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)智(zhi)周撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)贊(zan)決擇記(ji)八(ba)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),現存初(chu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)崇俊撰(zhuan)(zhuan),法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)清(qing)集(ji)疏(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)贊(zan)要集(ji)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),缺卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)共三(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)棲復集(ji)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)贊(zan)釋,疑(yi)是(shi)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)可周撰(zhuan)(zhuan)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)贊(zan)評經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鈔。
法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)三大(da)部(bu)讀教記(ji)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)(song)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)照撰(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)三大(da)部(bu)補注(zhu)(zhu)十(shi)(shi)四卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)(song)從義撰(zhuan)。大(da)部(bu)妙玄格(ge)言二(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)(song)善(shan)月述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄簽(qian)備檢四卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)(song)有嚴注(zhu)(zhu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄義節要(yao)(yao)二(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),明(ming)智旭(xu)節。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄義輯略一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),明(ming)傳鐙錄(lu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)釋(shi)簽(qian)緣起序(xu)指明(ming)一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),靈耀述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄簽(qian)證釋(shi)十(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),智銓述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文(wen)句記(ji)箋(jian)難(nan)四卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)(song)有嚴箋(jian)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文(wen)句格(ge)言三卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)(song)善(shan)月述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文(wen)句纂(zuan)要(yao)(yao)七卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),道霈纂(zuan)要(yao)(yao)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)入疏十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)(song)道威入注(zhu)(zhu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)要(yao)(yao)解(jie)(jie)科(ke)文(wen)一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)要(yao)(yao)解(jie)(jie)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)(song)戒(jie)環(huan)解(jie)(jie)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)合論七卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)(song)慧洪造,張商英撰(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)句解(jie)(jie)八(ba)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)(song)聞達解(jie)(jie)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前六意一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)(song)與咸錄(lu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)序(xu)注(zhu)(zhu)一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)(song)祥邁注(zhu)(zhu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)解(jie)(jie)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),附科(ke)文(wen)一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)(song)戒(jie)環(huan)解(jie)(jie)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)科(ke)注(zhu)(zhu)十(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)(song)守倫(lun)撰(zhuan),明(ming)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)濟參訂。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)科(ke)注(zhu)(zhu)八(ba)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),元徐行善(shan)科(ke)注(zhu)(zhu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)科(ke)注(zhu)(zhu)七卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),明(ming)一如集注(zhu)(zhu)。
法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)知音七(qi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),明如(ru)愚著。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)大(da)意(yi)三卷(juan)(juan)(juan),明無相說(shuo)(shuo)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)擊節一卷(juan)(juan)(juan),明德(de)清述。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)通(tong)義(yi)(yi)七(qi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),明德(de)清述。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)意(yi)語一卷(juan)(juan)(juan),明圓澄(cheng)說(shuo)(shuo),明海重訂。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)窾八卷(juan)(juan)(juan),明通(tong)潤(run)箋。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)綸(lun)貫一卷(juan)(juan)(juan),明智旭(xu)述。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)會義(yi)(yi)十六卷(juan)(juan)(juan),明智旭(xu)述。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)懸譚一卷(juan)(juan)(juan),凈挺(ting)著。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)大(da)成科(ke)文一卷(juan)(juan)(juan),際慶排(pai)錄。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)成十卷(juan)(juan)(juan),大(da)義(yi)(yi)集(ji)(ji)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)成音義(yi)(yi)一卷(juan)(juan)(juan),凈升集(ji)(ji)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)授(shou)手科(ke)一卷(juan)(juan)(juan),智祥(xiang)(xiang)排(pai)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)授(shou)手十卷(juan)(juan)(juan),智祥(xiang)(xiang)集(ji)(ji)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)演義(yi)(yi)科(ke)一卷(juan)(juan)(juan),廣和標科(ke)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)演義(yi)(yi)二十卷(juan)(juan)(juan),一松講(jiang)錄,廣和編(bian)定。
法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)科(ke)(ke)拾(shi)懸(xuan)談卷(juan)首一(yi)卷(juan),普德(de)立(li)科(ke)(ke),智一(yi)拾(shi)遺(yi)(yi),弘傳序(xu)注(zhu)(zhu)附。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)科(ke)(ke)拾(shi)一(yi)卷(juan),普德(de)立(li)科(ke)(ke),智一(yi)拾(shi)遺(yi)(yi),弘傳序(xu)注(zhu)(zhu)附。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)科(ke)(ke)拾(shi)七卷(juan),普德(de)立(li)科(ke)(ke),智一(yi)拾(shi)遺(yi)(yi),弘傳序(xu)注(zhu)(zhu)附。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)指掌(zhang)疏科(ke)(ke)文(wen)一(yi)卷(juan),通理(li)(li)排。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)指掌(zhang)疏懸(xuan)示一(yi)卷(juan),通理(li)(li)述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)指掌(zhang)疏七卷(juan),通理(li)(li)述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)指掌(zhang)疏事(shi)義(yi)一(yi)卷(juan),通理(li)(li)述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)卓(zhuo)解(jie)七卷(juan),徐昌(chang)治逗注(zhu)(zhu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)精解(jie)評(ping)林二(er)(er)卷(juan),明(ming)焦竑(hong)纂。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)三(san)昧(mei)懺儀一(yi)卷(juan),隋智顗撰(zhuan)。弘贊法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)傳十卷(juan),唐(tang)慧(hui)詳撰(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)傳記十卷(juan),唐(tang)慧(hui)詳集(ji)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)三(san)昧(mei)行事(shi)運(yun)想補(bu)助儀一(yi)卷(juan),唐(tang)湛然撰(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)三(san)昧(mei)補(bu)助儀一(yi)卷(juan),唐(tang)湛然撰(zhuan)。禮法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)儀式(shi)一(yi)卷(juan),宋知禮集(ji)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)龍(long)女成佛權(quan)實(shi)義(yi)一(yi)卷(juan),宋源清述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)龍(long)女成佛權(quan)實(shi)文(wen)旨(zhi)一(yi)卷(juan),宋善月述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)顯(xian)應錄二(er)(er)卷(juan),宋宗(zong)曉編。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)靈驗傳二(er)(er)卷(juan),明(ming)了因(yin)錄。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)持驗記二(er)(er)卷(juan),周(zhou)克復纂。
在大乘(cheng)佛(fo)法興起的(de)(de)時代,有(you)了以(yi)“聲聞”、“緣覺(jue)”為(wei)二乘(cheng)或小乘(cheng),以(yi)“菩(pu)薩”為(wei)大乘(cheng)的(de)(de)說(shuo)法。《法華經》就是在這(zhe)種背景下結集(ji)的(de)(de)代表(biao)作品,提出了“開權顯實”、“會三歸一”的(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang),融(rong)會三乘(cheng)為(wei)一乘(cheng)(佛(fo)乘(cheng))。以(yi)“聲聞”、“緣覺(jue)”二乘(cheng)為(wei)方便(bian)(權)說(shuo),“二乘(cheng)”終(zhong)究要以(yi)成佛(fo)為(wei)最終(zhong)目標(如“化(hua)城喻品”所說(shuo)),開啟了“回小向(xiang)大”的(de)(de)門(men)徑,這(zhe)是一種嶄新的(de)(de)學說(shuo)思(si)(si)想(xiang),也是本經的(de)(de)主旨(zhi)所在,在佛(fo)教思(si)(si)想(xiang)史上占有(you)至關重要的(de)(de)地位(wei)。
《妙(miao)法(fa)(fa)蓮(lian)華經(jing)(jing)》是中(zhong)(zhong)國佛(fo)教(jiao)史(shi)上(shang)有(you)著(zhu)深遠影響(xiang)的一部大乘經(jing)(jing)典,由于此(ci)(ci)經(jing)(jing)譯(yi)文(wen)(wen)流暢、文(wen)(wen)字(zi)優美(mei)、譬喻生動(dong),教(jiao)義圓滿,讀誦(song)(song)此(ci)(ci)經(jing)(jing)是中(zhong)(zhong)國佛(fo)教(jiao)徒最為普遍(bian)的修持方法(fa)(fa)。《法(fa)(fa)華經(jing)(jing)》二(er)十八品共六萬(wan)余字(zi),初學者如(ru)果沒有(you)借(jie)助參考相關注疏(shu),僅僅靠讀誦(song)(song)原文(wen)(wen)恐怕難(nan)以(yi)把握其(qi)整(zheng)體(ti)思想脈絡。由于此(ci)(ci)經(jing)(jing)的內容在表面上(shang)看起來比較分散,因(yin)而(er)使讀誦(song)(song)者常常不知(zhi)所云,而(er)對經(jing)(jing)文(wen)(wen)呈現的重要(yao)思想也(ye)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)深刻領會。這主要(yao)有(you)兩個原因(yin):
第一(yi)(yi)、《法華(hua)(hua)經》主要講(jiang)述的是一(yi)(yi)佛(fo)(fo)乘(cheng)思想(xiang),也即一(yi)(yi)切眾生,無論三乘(cheng)五乘(cheng),最終皆歸于(yu)一(yi)(yi)佛(fo)(fo)乘(cheng),無有(you)余乘(cheng)。由之(zhi)而來佛(fo)(fo)陀對一(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)之(zhi)法的功德(de)贊嘆(tan)在(zai)經文中隨(sui)處可見,讀(du)誦者往往只看到佛(fo)(fo)對一(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)和(he)法華(hua)(hua)功德(de)的贊嘆(tan),卻沒有(you)注意到一(yi)(yi)佛(fo)(fo)乘(cheng)思想(xiang)均貫穿其中。
第(di)二(er)、本經(jing)流通分(fen)(fen)(fen)共有(you)(you)十六(liu)品,不但流通品目比(bi)其他經(jing)文(wen)多,且(qie)按本跡(ji)二(er)門的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)法而(er)有(you)(you)兩(liang)個流通分(fen)(fen)(fen),失去往常序、正、流通三分(fen)(fen)(fen)法的(de)(de)一般(ban)次序,使讀誦者無(wu)法清(qing)楚把握《法華經(jing)》全體(ti)的(de)(de)格(ge)局(ju)。有(you)(you)鑒于(yu)此(ci),筆(bi)者從(cong)《法華經(jing)》會三歸一、開跡(ji)顯本的(de)(de)要旨(zhi)出發,對本經(jing)的(de)(de)基本架構(gou)作(zuo)一大略概括,按品分(fen)(fen)(fen)科,顯明重點,使讀誦此(ci)經(jing)者對法華經(jing)能有(you)(you)一個整體(ti)的(de)(de)印象,真正悟解佛說(shuo)這部經(jing)典的(de)(de)一乘妙意,契(qi)入佛陀出世的(de)(de)本懷,達到學有(you)(you)所獲(huo),修有(you)(you)所證的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。
序分(fen)、正宗分(fen)、流通分(fen)是最常見的(de)經(jing)(jing)典(dian)科(ke)判分(fen)法,它適(shi)用(yong)于大(da)部分(fen)經(jing)(jing)典(dian)。天臺智(zhi)者大(da)師(shi)對《法華經(jing)(jing)》的(de)科(ke)判做(zuo)了兩種分(fen)類,其(qi)一(yi)便是這通例的(de)三(san)分(fen)。在三(san)分(fen)科(ke)經(jing)(jing)中,《法華經(jing)(jing)》以(yi)最初的(de)《序品(pin)(pin)》為序分(fen);以(yi)第二(er)《方便品(pin)(pin)》至第十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)《分(fen)別功德品(pin)(pin)》第十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)偈“佛名聞(wen)十(shi)(shi)(shi)方,廣(guang)饒益(yi)眾生,一(yi)切具善(shan)根(gen),以(yi)助無(wu)上(shang)心”為正宗分(fen);此(ci)后(hou)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)品(pin)(pin)《分(fen)別功德品(pin)(pin)》后(hou)半至第二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八《普賢(xian)勸發品(pin)(pin)》共十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)品(pin)(pin)半為流通分(fen)。三(san)分(fen)法的(de)科(ke)判比較平常,不能完全(quan)體現出天臺本宗所依經(jing)(jing)典(dian)《法華經(jing)(jing)》開(kai)權顯實(shi)的(de)重要(yao)特(te)色。
最能(neng)體現法(fa)(fa)華圓教(jiao)一(yi)代終極(ji)教(jiao)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)科判是智者大(da)師(shi)二(er)門六(liu)(liu)段的(de)(de)(de)分科法(fa)(fa)。智者大(da)師(shi)從一(yi)代圓教(jiao)開顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)旨出發,將《法(fa)(fa)華經》二(er)十八品大(da)別為(wei)(wei)本(ben)、跡二(er)門:前十四品為(wei)(wei)跡門,后十四品為(wei)(wei)本(ben)門。這本(ben)、跡二(er)門,又各有(you)序、正、流通三(san)分,總(zong)共六(liu)(liu)分。這一(yi)獨特的(de)(de)(de)科判分法(fa)(fa)被稱為(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)華二(er)門六(liu)(liu)段分科法(fa)(fa)。
《法華經》前十四品名為(wei)跡(ji)(ji)門,是闡明釋迦(jia)最(zui)初成道已來,及中間(jian)施(shi)化(hua)節節,唱生唱滅,以至(zhi)于今成佛度生,皆(jie)是從本垂跡(ji)(ji),故名跡(ji)(ji)門。“跡(ji)(ji)”是佛陀(tuo)(tuo)垂跡(ji)(ji)化(hua)用,佛陀(tuo)(tuo)應化(hua)人(ren)間(jian)必然有教化(hua)眾生之大(da)用,即為(wei)實施(shi)權(quan),開(kai)權(quan)顯實,廢權(quan)立實。如來說三(san)(san)乘(cheng)(cheng)是為(wei)了一(yi)佛乘(cheng)(cheng),三(san)(san)乘(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)最(zui)后都要歸(gui)入一(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)。這是法華跡(ji)(ji)門的(de)宗旨(zhi)。
《法華經》后(hou)十四品名為(wei)本門,是說(shuo)明世尊久遠劫前已(yi)成(cheng)佛果(guo),為(wei)了(le)(le)度化(hua)眾(zhong)生,故示(shi)(shi)現滅(mie)度,這是為(wei)了(le)(le)去(qu)除以釋尊為(wei)伽耶近成(cheng)垂(chui)跡(ji)示(shi)(shi)現之權(quan)佛的(de)情執,以顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)久遠實成(cheng)的(de)本地本佛。如(ru)《壽(shou)量品》所說(shuo),佛的(de)法身本無生滅(mie),報身壽(shou)命無量,為(wei)了(le)(le)度生之方便,故唱(chang)生唱(chang)滅(mie),而為(wei)本垂(chui)跡(ji),開跡(ji)顯(xian)本,廢跡(ji)立本,令眾(zhong)生去(qu)除對佛身的(de)偏執,這是本門的(de)主旨。
從第一《序(xu)品》到第十四《安樂行品》是跡(ji)門(men)法華的內容,跡(ji)門(men)三分如下:
一、序(xu)分(fen):以(yi)最初的(de)(de)《序(xu)品》為(wei)跡門的(de)(de)序(xu)分(fen);講述法(fa)華六瑞(rui)為(wei)三世十方諸(zhu)佛說此經前必定示(shi)現之教化法(fa)式。
二、正宗分:從第二《方便(bian)品》到第九(jiu)《授學無(wu)學人記品》是跡門的正說分;
三(san)、流(liu)通分(fen):第(di)十《法師品》至《安(an)樂行品》是跡門的(de)流(liu)通分(fen)。
其中正宗分(fen)(fen)的開(kai)顯(xian)又分(fen)(fen)作略、廣兩(liang)部分(fen)(fen):
一(yi)、略(lve)說(shuo)開(kai)三顯一(yi):從(cong)《方(fang)便品第(di)二》開(kai)頭“爾時世(shi)(shi)尊從(cong)三昧安詳而起(qi)”至同品中“愿為此(ci)眾故,唯垂分別說(shuo),是(shi)(shi)等(deng)聞此(ci)法(fa),則生大歡喜”。在這里世(shi)(shi)尊講述的主要是(shi)(shi)十如實相的甚(shen)深(shen)奧義,并且(qie)由于世(shi)(shi)尊數數殷勤稱嘆甚(shen)深(shen)微妙難解之法(fa),引發四眾弟子的疑問,而以當機(ji)眾舍(she)利弗代眾三次請法(fa)。
二、廣明開三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)顯(xian)一(yi):從“爾(er)時世尊告舍利弗(fu):汝(ru)已殷(yin)勤三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)請(qing),豈得不說(shuo)”,以(yi)下(xia)共七品半是廣明開三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)顯(xian)一(yi)。廣明開三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)顯(xian)一(yi)的內容闡述佛(fo)陀(tuo)分別為上根(gen)(gen)、中根(gen)(gen)、下(xia)根(gen)(gen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)類聲聞弟子作三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)乘方(fang)便(bian),一(yi)乘真實的說(shuo)法(fa),故稱法(fa)華三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)周(zhou)說(shuo)法(fa)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)根(gen)(gen)聲聞分別在三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)周(zhou)說(shuo)法(fa)中得到法(fa)益,并蒙佛(fo)授(shou)記,所(suo)以(yi)又(you)稱三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)周(zhou)授(shou)記。三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)周(zhou)說(shuo)法(fa)分作以(yi)下(xia)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)個階(jie)段:
第一(yi)周(zhou)是(shi)法(fa)說(shuo)(shuo)周(zhou),是(shi)佛(fo)為(wei)上根人(ren)就法(fa)體而直(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)諸法(fa)實相、十如(ru)之(zhi)理,暢諸佛(fo)出世(shi)本懷,欲令眾生,悟入佛(fo)之(zhi)知(zhi)見(jian)。明佛(fo)昔日所說(shuo)(shuo),皆是(shi)方便(bian);今日所顯,方是(shi)真實。但是(shi)昔日權巧又不離(li)今日真實,可謂即權即實,權不離(li)實,所以舉(ju)手低頭,皆得作佛(fo)。然而這(zhe)一(yi)開三乘方便(bian)、顯一(yi)乘真實之(zhi)法(fa)只有上根舍利(li)弗一(yi)人(ren)領(ling)解,并蒙(meng)佛(fo)授記(ji),名號為(wei)“華(hua)光如(ru)來”。開三顯一(yi)的主旨(zhi)在第二《方便(bian)品》中(zhong)所說(shuo)(shuo),舍利(li)弗領(ling)解授記(ji)事宜(yi)則于第三《譬喻(yu)品》中(zhong)前半(ban)部分(fen)所談,其(qi)文止于“其(qi)兩足圣尊,最勝無倫(lun)匹,彼即是(shi)汝身(shen),宜(yi)應自欣慶”。
第(di)二周(zhou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)譬(pi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)周(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)根人(ren)在(zai)第(di)一(yi)法說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)周(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)不能領解一(yi)乘(cheng)真實的(de)妙理(li),又(you)在(zai)第(di)三(san)(san)《譬(pi)喻(yu)品(pin)(pin)》中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)了(le)三(san)(san)車、一(yi)車的(de)譬(pi)喻(yu)。譬(pi)喻(yu)中(zhong)(zhong),長(chang)者初許(xu)羊、鹿、牛三(san)(san)車(以其乘(cheng)載量之(zhi)小大(da)分(fen)別(bie)比(bi)喻(yu)聲聞(wen)、緣覺、菩薩三(san)(san)乘(cheng))是(shi)(shi)(shi)施權(quan),后來(lai)等(deng)賜(si)一(yi)大(da)白牛車(比(bi)喻(yu)一(yi)佛(fo)乘(cheng))是(shi)(shi)(shi)顯實,通(tong)過(guo)跳出(chu)火(huo)宅后的(de)開(kai)權(quan)顯實,令他(ta)們了(le)悟(wu)一(yi)乘(cheng)之(zhi)理(li)。這(zhe)時有摩(mo)訶迦葉、大(da)目犍連(lian)、須菩提、摩(mo)訶迦旃延等(deng)四(si)大(da)弟子(zi)領解其說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),并陳(chen)述了(le)窮子(zi)喻(yu)來(lai)表(biao)達他(ta)們對一(yi)佛(fo)乘(cheng)的(de)信解,由此引發群機(ji),令與(yu)會者同得領解法說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)譬(pi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)之(zhi)旨(zhi),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)四(si)《信解品(pin)(pin)》之(zhi)由來(lai)。然后佛(fo)為(wei)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)第(di)五(wu)《藥(yao)草喻(yu)品(pin)(pin)》加以述成印(yin)可,并在(zai)第(di)六《授記(ji)品(pin)(pin)》中(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)四(si)大(da)聲聞(wen)分(fen)別(bie)授記(ji)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)二譬(pi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)周(zhou)的(de)整個過(guo)程(cheng),其內(nei)容(rong)共有三(san)(san)品(pin)(pin)半。
第(di)三(san)(san)周是宿(su)世(shi)因緣周,是佛(fo)為不能(neng)了(le)解(jie)上述二周說法的(de)(de)(de)下根(gen)聲聞,在第(di)七《化城喻品》中說他們宿(su)世(shi)為大通智勝佛(fo)下的(de)(de)(de)一乘機種,釋迦在因地(di)為十六沙彌之一時就(jiu)(jiu)曾為他們說法,使彼(bi)等了(le)知宿(su)世(shi)久遠之機緣而得悟。此時有(you)富樓那(nei)、憍陳如等千二百聲聞領解(jie),并在第(di)八(ba)《五百弟子授(shou)(shou)記(ji)品》得到佛(fo)的(de)(de)(de)授(shou)(shou)記(ji);又有(you)阿難、羅睺羅等領解(jie)得益,于第(di)九《授(shou)(shou)學(xue)無學(xue)人記(ji)品》中蒙(meng)佛(fo)授(shou)(shou)記(ji),乃至后來的(de)(de)(de)《勸持品》中對波阇(du)比(bi)丘尼(ni)、六千有(you)學(xue)無學(xue)比(bi)丘尼(ni)等授(shou)(shou)記(ji)皆是聞開三(san)(san)顯(xian)一得法益者。但(dan)就(jiu)(jiu)第(di)三(san)(san)周的(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)而言,仍是指(zhi)《化城喻品》以下的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)品。
三(san)周(zhou)說(shuo)法分(fen)反復(fu)正(zheng)說(shuo)(佛(fo)說(shuo))、領解(jie)(jie)(表明(ming)弟(di)(di)子(zi)之領解(jie)(jie))、述成(cheng)(佛(fo)對(dui)弟(di)(di)子(zi)之領解(jie)(jie)認可)、授(shou)記(佛(fo)對(dui)弟(di)(di)子(zi)成(cheng)佛(fo)作預(yu)言)四階(jie)段(duan),循此以度(du)化上、中、下三(san)根,可謂(wei)周(zhou)備(bei)完(wan)足。
從(cong)第十(shi)五《從(cong)地踴出品》到(dao)經末第二十(shi)八(ba)《普賢(xian)勸(quan)發品》是本門(men)法華的內容,本門(men)三分如下:
一、序分:從(cong)第(di)十五(wu)《從(cong)地涌(yong)(yong)出品(pin)》開頭至(zhi)同品(pin)“汝等自當因是得聞”是本門(men)的(de)序分,這是以四大菩(pu)薩為(wei)首的(de)無量千(qian)萬(wan)億(yi)地涌(yong)(yong)菩(pu)薩的(de)久度(du)因緣作(zuo)為(wei)如來開近顯(xian)遠的(de)發起。
二、正宗分:從同品“爾時(shi)釋迦牟尼佛告彌勒菩薩”以下到第(di)(di)十七品《分別功德品》彌勒說十九(jiu)行偈“佛名聞(wen)十方,廣饒益眾生,一切具善(shan)根,以助(zhu)無上心”是本(ben)門的(de)正宗分。其中第(di)(di)十六《如來壽量品》為正開(kai)師(shi)門的(de)近跡、顯佛地的(de)遠本(ben)。
三、流通分:從(cong)第十七《分別功(gong)德品》彌勒(le)說(shuo)偈以下到(dao)第二十八《普賢菩(pu)薩勸發品》是(shi)本門的流通分。
本門流通分共有(you)十一品,又可分為勸持流通和付囑流通。
(一)勸持流通(tong):從彌勒說(shuo)偈以(yi)下及第十(shi)(shi)八(ba)《隨喜功(gong)德(de)品(pin)》、第十(shi)(shi)九《法師(shi)功(gong)德(de)品(pin)》、第二十(shi)(shi)《常(chang)不輕菩薩品(pin)》三(san)品(pin)主要是勸末世眾生受(shou)持此經,并將所得功(gong)德(de)利益予(yu)以(yi)分別闡述。
(二)付(fu)囑(zhu)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong):從第(di)二十(shi)(shi)一《如來神(shen)力(li)品(pin)(pin)(pin)》到(dao)第(di)二十(shi)(shi)八《普賢菩(pu)(pu)薩勸(quan)發(fa)品(pin)(pin)(pin)》共(gong)八品(pin)(pin)(pin)是(shi)世尊(zun)付(fu)囑(zhu)菩(pu)(pu)薩當于末世流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)華。其中,第(di)二十(shi)(shi)一《如來神(shen)力(li)品(pin)(pin)(pin)》和(he)第(di)二十(shi)(shi)二《囑(zhu)累(lei)品(pin)(pin)(pin)》系佛以(yi)(yi)神(shen)力(li)而(er)囑(zhu)累(lei)菩(pu)(pu)薩流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)妙(miao)(miao)法(fa)。此下六(liu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)屬于化(hua)他流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong):《藥王(wang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)》以(yi)(yi)苦行流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)一乘妙(miao)(miao)法(fa);《妙(miao)(miao)音》、《觀音》二品(pin)(pin)(pin)以(yi)(yi)三(san)昧力(li)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)一乘妙(miao)(miao)法(fa);《陀羅(luo)尼品(pin)(pin)(pin)》以(yi)(yi)總持力(li)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)一乘妙(miao)(miao)法(fa);《妙(miao)(miao)莊嚴王(wang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)》以(yi)(yi)誓愿力(li)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)一乘妙(miao)(miao)法(fa);《普賢勸(quan)發(fa)品(pin)(pin)(pin)》以(yi)(yi)普賢神(shen)力(li)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)一乘妙(miao)(miao)法(fa)。
就整部法(fa)華來看,跡(ji)門(men)十四品的當機(ji)眾(zhong)以(yi)聲(sheng)聞(wen)為(wei)(wei)主,本門(men)十四品的當機(ji)眾(zhong)則以(yi)菩(pu)薩為(wei)(wei)主。前者所得(de)法(fa)益在(zai)于信解領(ling)悟了(le)三乘是方(fang)便,一(yi)乘是真實的一(yi)乘妙法(fa),開示悟入(ru)佛(fo)之知見,因此(ci)蒙佛(fo)授(shou)記,于無上(shang)菩(pu)提(ti)永無退轉。后者所得(de)法(fa)益主要表(biao)現(xian)在(zai)大愿大行方(fang)面,諸大菩(pu)薩在(zai)末世五濁(zhuo)中不憚蔽(bi)惡(e),依如(ru)來衣室座三軌來弘(hong)通妙法(fa),以(yi)此(ci)圓(yuan)滿無上(shang)菩(pu)提(ti)。
《法(fa)華經(jing)》的通行(xing)本(ben)是(shi)(shi)羅什大(da)師的譯本(ben),共七(qi)卷二十八品,全經(jing)雖是(shi)(shi)以《方便(bian)品》和(he)《如來壽(shou)量(liang)品》為中心,但二十八的品目次第排(pai)列(lie)并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)雜亂(luan)無章,而是(shi)(shi)依(yi)照(zhao)序、正、流通的三(san)分法(fa)及聲聞(wen)菩薩(sa)信解與行(xing)果之遞進而循(xun)序演(yan)進的。
序品為跡門的序分,世尊在(zai)第(di)一《序品》中現(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)六瑞,而起眾疑。彌(mi)勒(le)菩薩代眾請疑問,向文殊問緣由。文殊菩薩根據過去聽(ting)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)經(jing)驗,知佛當說(shuo)(shuo)大法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。他告訴彌(mi)勒(le)菩薩,法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)六瑞是三世十方諸佛說(shuo)(shuo)此經(jing)前必定示現(xian)的教化法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)式。二人的對答,引起在(zai)會(hui)聲(sheng)聞弟子的興趣(qu),故此品成(cheng)為佛在(zai)正宗(zong)分中說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)經(jing)三乘(cheng)方便,一乘(cheng)真實(shi)的發起因(yin)緣。
第二《方(fang)便(bian)品》以下八品為跡門(men)的(de)正宗分(fen)(fen),說明“開(kai)權(quan)顯實”之理(li)。該分(fen)(fen)再分(fen)(fen)為略開(kai)、廣開(kai),以方(fang)便(bian)品初的(de)“十如實相”為略開(kai),其后為廣開(kai)。廣開(kai)文(wen)(wen)即是上文(wen)(wen)提(ti)到的(de)三(san)周說法。
《方便品》的前(qian)半部分是(shi)佛(fo)說(shuo)十(shi)如實(shi)相(xiang),后(hou)半部分是(shi)屬跡門廣開“法說(shuo)周”的正說(shuo)段(duan)。這是(shi)顯(xian)示佛(fo)陀和過去諸佛(fo)同道,皆是(shi)先以三乘施設權巧方便,然(ran)后(hou)會歸(gui)于一乘,強調權實(shi)不二為旨(zhi)趣(qu)。
佛(fo)在《方便品》說法周的(de)正說之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),上根(gen)人舍(she)(she)利弗,了悟諸法實相妙理,理解三(san)(san)乘(cheng)(cheng)即一乘(cheng)(cheng),蒙佛(fo)授記。于是(shi)舍(she)(she)利弗歡(huan)喜踴躍,并請佛(fo)為其(qi)它弟子授記。佛(fo)說三(san)(san)車火(huo)宅(zhai)喻,展開(kai)了第三(san)(san)《譬(pi)喻品》中譬(pi)說周的(de)正說段。根(gen)據三(san)(san)車火(huo)宅(zhai)喻,而(er)開(kai)三(san)(san)車三(san)(san)乘(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)權,賜大白牛車而(er)顯一乘(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)實。
上(shang)品中,上(shang)根舍利弗一聞佛說(shuo)(shuo)即信受了解,但他(ta)陳述解悟之文不多,而(er)須菩(pu)提等四(si)人,由信解而(er)述的窮子喻(yu),文辭特(te)長,故專立(li)第四(si)《信解》一品。四(si)大(da)聲聞由自陳窮子喻(yu),引(yin)發群機,令(ling)與會者同(tong)得領解法說(shuo)(shuo)譬(pi)說(shuo)(shuo)之旨,是本(ben)品述說(shuo)(shuo)之目的。
中根人信解自述(shu)窮子之喻(yu),故(gu)佛亦(yi)說藥草喻(yu)述(shu)成印可(ke),然后(hou)方為授記,故(gu)有第五(wu)《藥草喻(yu)品(pin)》和(he)第六(liu)《授記品(pin)》。
以上二周(zhou)(zhou)說法(fa)僅是(shi)度(du)化(hua)(hua)了上根(gen)、中根(gen)的聲聞,下(xia)根(gen)聲聞在第七《化(hua)(hua)城喻品》中通過佛(fo)告知彼(bi)等往昔大乘(cheng)因(yin)緣令他們自識宿因(yin)而得度(du)。下(xia)根(gen)聲聞領解佛(fo)乘(cheng)后的授記之(zhi)事在第八《五百弟(di)子授記品》和第九(jiu)《授學無(wu)學人記品》闡(chan)述。至此三周(zhou)(zhou)說法(fa)圓滿,跡(ji)門正宗分(fen)告一(yi)段落。
自第十《法(fa)師品(pin)》至第十四《安樂行品(pin)》共五品(pin)是跡門(men)流(liu)通分。
上來八品三周說法,三根(gen)得記(ji),已(yi)定作法王(wang)(佛);欲登法師(shi)位,必明法師(shi)行,故次于授記(ji)后(hou)而(er)有第(di)十《法師(shi)品》,以(yi)示成(cheng)佛之路徑。
既聞(wen)三周說法,開方(fang)便(bian)門(men),示真實(shi)(shi)相,又于《法師品(pin)》起(qi)自(zi)利利他之行(xing),由(you)是凈心實(shi)(shi)相于覆(fu)障中(zhong)顯現(xian),這(zhe)是多寶(bao)塔涌現(xian)的因(yin)緣,也是第十一(yi)《見(jian)寶(bao)塔品(pin)》的由(you)來。多寶(bao)塔喻如《法華(hua)(hua)經》所說凈心實(shi)(shi)相,利根人見(jian)寶(bao)塔即(ji)見(jian)一(yi)心實(shi)(shi)相。第十一(yi)《見(jian)寶(bao)塔品(pin)》有承(cheng)前啟后(hou)之深旨。承(cheng)前,塔中(zhong)多寶(bao)如來出大(da)音聲,證明釋迦世(shi)尊所說法華(hua)(hua)會三歸一(yi),皆是真實(shi)(shi)。啟后(hou),本品(pin)中(zhong)本師一(yi)佛身攝(she)十方(fang)分身諸佛,就佛身而言,為后(hou)文開跡(ji)顯本之前方(fang)便(bian),為本門(men)《壽量品(pin)》埋下伏筆。
第十二(er)《提婆達多(duo)品(pin)》與(yu)前品(pin)《見寶塔(ta)品(pin)》似(si)乎沒有太大關聯,然而同屬(shu)于跡門的流通分,本品(pin)闡述(shu)(shu)提婆達多(duo)為釋迦成(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)之(zhi)增上緣,人們眼中的惡人也得到授記成(cheng)佛(fo)(fo);又本品(pin)闡述(shu)(shu)龍女成(cheng)佛(fo)(fo),此皆證(zheng)明法(fa)華一佛(fo)(fo)乘之(zhi)殊勝(sheng),自行(xing)化他(ta),同成(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)道(dao),與(yu)前品(pin)宗(zong)旨本無(wu)二(er)致。
佛(fo)于前(qian)《見(jian)寶塔(ta)品(pin)(pin)(pin)》末,勸(quan)募發愿弘揚(yang)此(ci)(ci)經(jing)之(zhi)人(ren),又于《提婆達(da)多品(pin)(pin)(pin)》以(yi)古(gu)今事(shi)例,贊嘆此(ci)(ci)經(jing)功德殊勝以(yi)勸(quan)受持(chi),故(gu)有(you)諸菩薩聲聞(wen)等,稟承佛(fo)的遺命,來受持(chi)此(ci)(ci)經(jing)并(bing)弘揚(yang)此(ci)(ci)經(jing),這是第十三《勸(quan)持(chi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)》的由來。本品(pin)(pin)(pin)中,佛(fo)為(wei)(wei)姨母及羅睺(hou)羅母耶輸陀羅授(shou)記,這是因為(wei)(wei)佛(fo)為(wei)(wei)前(qian)正宗分的三根授(shou)記中,未及尼(ni)眾,《法師品(pin)(pin)(pin)》廣記也未說尼(ni)名,故(gu)在此(ci)(ci)品(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)授(shou)尼(ni)眾之(zhi)記,如此(ci)(ci)始稱平等圓滿(man)。
第(di)十四《安樂行品(pin)》是跡門流通分(fen)的最后一品(pin),有成前開后之意。因上
來三周說法(fa),三根(gen)授記,已令(ling)聲(sheng)聞回小向大(da)發菩提心,在(zai)本品(pin)中(zhong)又示(shi)依此(ci)經自行(xing)化他,勸募弘(hong)通(tong)妙法(fa)的(de)五(wu)種(zhong)法(fa)師,此(ci)為開(kai)前。前品(pin)既得(de)圣眾受(shou)命(ming)持(chi)弘(hong),今品(pin)為初心的(de)菩薩開(kai)示(shi)佛滅后(hou)(hou)惡世中(zhong)的(de)五(wu)種(zhong)法(fa)師應當住于行(xing)處親近處,而修身(shen)、口(kou)、意(yi)、誓(shi)愿四安樂行(xing),然后(hou)(hou)可得(de)萬(wan)行(xing)一(yi)心,三身(shen)一(yi)體(ti)的(de)佛果(guo),這是開(kai)后(hou)(hou)壽量品(pin)。
從(cong)第十(shi)五《從(cong)地涌出品》到經末(mo)共十(shi)四品是本門(men),說開(kai)近顯遠之大義(yi)。
上一(yi)(yi)(yi)品(pin)示四安樂行(xing),一(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)皆是(shi)要(yao)求從(cong)吾(wu)人(ren)清凈(jing)心地上著力,觀空不(bu)著空,涉有(you)不(bu)滯有(you)。第(di)十五《從(cong)地涌出品(pin)》所舉從(cong)地涌出住(zhu)(zhu)空的(de)菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)們(men)即是(shi)成就四行(xing)之(zhi)人(ren)。從(cong)地故不(bu)著空,住(zhu)(zhu)空故不(bu)著有(you),不(bu)著二(er)(er)邊(bian),即是(shi)中道。《從(cong)地涌出品(pin)》前半所說即是(shi)以(yi)這(zhe)些無(wu)量(liang)千(qian)萬億地涌菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)的(de)久(jiu)度因緣作(zuo)為(wei)如來開(kai)近顯遠的(de)發(fa)起。因下方涌出諸(zhu)菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)具有(you)三十二(er)(er)相,久(jiu)習(xi)菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)所行(xing),其數(shu)無(wu)量(liang),引(yin)起此(ci)土菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)的(de)懷疑(yi),故在后半品(pin)中彌勒代表(biao)大眾請疑(yi),由此(ci)佛講述了如來無(wu)盡的(de)壽量(liang),而有(you)了第(di)十六《如來壽量(liang)品(pin)》。
《如來(lai)壽量品》中,世(shi)尊以良(liang)醫留藥喻顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)佛乃化滅而大(da)非(fei)真(zhen)滅,伽耶始成的新佛不過垂跡(ji)而已,實(shi)際上(shang)世(shi)尊于(yu)百(bai)千萬億那由他(ta)劫(jie)以前便已成佛,就佛身(shen)(shen)而言,此品乃開跡(ji)顯(xian)(xian)本之重(zhong)點,經中于(yu)此始開八相成道垂跡(ji)之化身(shen)(shen),而顯(xian)(xian)久遠(yuan)實(shi)成之本身(shen)(shen)。
自第十七《分別功德品(pin)(pin)》后半品(pin)(pin)至第二十《常不輕菩(pu)薩品(pin)(pin)》,共三品(pin)(pin)半,是(shi)本(ben)師贊(zan)美(mei)人法,以(yi)勸弘通。次有二品(pin)(pin),以(yi)佛神力囑累弘通。自第二十三《藥王品(pin)(pin)》以(yi)下五品(pin)(pin),是(shi)舉諸大菩(pu)薩受命弘通,以(yi)苦行(xing)、妙(miao)行(xing)、圓行(xing)、助行(xing)、正見行(xing)等不思議力用,以(yi)勸弘通。
第十七《分(fen)(fen)別功(gong)德品(pin)(pin)》的前半品(pin)(pin)屬于本(ben)門的正(zheng)宗分(fen)(fen),是闡述諸大菩薩聞(wen)佛壽命長遠如是,當下獲證許多殊勝法(fa)益(yi)。后半品(pin)(pin)校量勝劣及后時信解持經利益(yi),屬于本(ben)門流(liu)通分(fen)(fen)的贊美人法(fa),分(fen)(fen)別說明聞(wen)法(fa)菩薩所得功(gong)德證悟之相(xiang)(xiang),及一般解悟之相(xiang)(xiang),并以行五度功(gong)德與之比較優劣。
第十(shi)八(ba)《隨(sui)喜功(gong)(gong)(gong)德(de)(de)(de)品(pin)》特為(wei)佛滅后,但有一(yi)(yi)念隨(sui)喜,未(wei)有事行(xing)的人,明其所獲功(gong)(gong)(gong)德(de)(de)(de)也功(gong)(gong)(gong)超(chao)無學,令一(yi)(yi)切(qie)見聞(wen)法華者生仰慕心。又,前品(pin)具明佛滅后信(xin)持此(ci)經有五品(pin)(為(wei)隨(sui)喜、讀(du)誦、說法、兼行(xing)六度、正行(xing)六度)益,唯初品(pin)(隨(sui)喜)未(wei)有校量功(gong)(gong)(gong)德(de)(de)(de),故有此(ci)品(pin)廣為(wei)校量。
第十九《法師功(gong)德(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)》廣舉五(wu)事(受持(chi)讀誦(song)解說書寫),隨(sui)(sui)(sui)其一(yi)事行(xing)成,當得(de)(de)六根清凈(jing)功(gong)德(de)(de),這是(shi)(shi)舉果以勸(quan)修因。又,前(qian)品(pin)(pin)正(zheng)明(ming)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)喜福(fu)德(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)聽聞法華(hua),隨(sui)(sui)(sui)喜他人行(xing)持(chi)法華(hua)所(suo)得(de)(de),今品(pin)(pin)是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)明(ming)自己行(xing)持(chi)法華(hua)所(suo)得(de)(de)福(fu)德(de)(de)。由(you)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)喜而自行(xing),由(you)易而難,這是(shi)(shi)理所(suo)必然,故有今品(pin)(pin)。亦(yi)即是(shi)(shi)說,前(qian)品(pin)(pin)《隨(sui)(sui)(sui)喜功(gong)德(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)》是(shi)(shi)流通初(chu)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)喜“因”功(gong)德(de)(de),本品(pin)(pin)《法師功(gong)德(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)》勸(quan)說流通初(chu)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)喜“果”功(gong)德(de)(de)。
《法師功德(de)品》所(suo)(suo)說的(de)行持法華可得六(liu)根清凈功德(de)的(de)事,在(zai)第(di)二十(shi)《常不(bu)輕(qing)菩薩品》中得到(dao)證(zheng)明(ming)。不(bu)輕(qing)菩薩,依法華經(jing)修不(bu)輕(qing)普敬之行,住弘經(jing)三軌,而得六(liu)根清凈,證(zheng)成(cheng)非妄。這是勸勉見(jian)聞者,亦當(dang)如菩薩所(suo)(suo)行。
自(zi)第(di)十七《分別功(gong)德(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)》的后半品(pin)(pin)文,及《隨(sui)喜功(gong)德(de)(de)》、《法師功(gong)德(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)》、《常不(bu)輕菩薩品(pin)(pin)》三品(pin)(pin)半文,是說功(gong)德(de)(de)流(liu)通(tong)。自(zi)第(di)二(er)十一《如來神力品(pin)(pin)》以下八品(pin)(pin)為是釋尊付囑,勸(quan)請流(liu)通(tong)。
佛以不思議口輪說本(ben)跡二(er)(er)(er)門已(yi)竟,再以不思議身輪現無比(bi)神通之力用,付囑(zhu)流通本(ben)跡二(er)(er)(er)門之教,這是第(di)二(er)(er)(er)十一《如來(lai)神力品(pin)》的由來(lai)。如來(lai)為囑(zhu)累妙法而現神力,以神力再三囑(zhu)咐菩薩,令其(qi)護持(chi)流通此經(jing),這是第(di)二(er)(er)(er)十二(er)(er)(er)《囑(zhu)累品(pin)》的由來(lai)。
第(di)二十三(san)《藥王菩薩本事(shi)品》以(yi)下(xia)的六品屬于化他流通。
《藥王菩薩本(ben)事品》中講述藥王菩薩的因地一切眾生喜見菩薩以燃身苦(ku)行來
流通(tong)一乘妙(miao)法(fa)。藥王(wang)燃身功德雖(sui)大(da),佛恐(kong)初心菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)執苦(ku)行為(wei)究(jiu)竟,故(gu)(gu)在第二(er)十四《妙(miao)音(yin)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)品(pin)(pin)》中(zhong)說妙(miao)音(yin)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)神(shen)通(tong)智慧,中(zhong)道行化的(de)事(shi)跡(ji)。又,前品(pin)(pin)一切眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)喜見(jian)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)兩世都生(sheng)在佛的(de)凈土,恐(kong)聞(wen)者凈穢之見(jian)難忘,心存愛憎,故(gu)(gu)特告敕妙(miao)音(yin)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa),莫(mo)輕娑(suo)婆,生(sheng)下劣想。令(ling)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)去除情見(jian),了知法(fa)界(jie)一相(xiang)。佛為(wei)未發心的(de)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)能受持(chi)法(fa)華(hua),故(gu)(gu)說第二(er)十五《觀(guan)世音(yin)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)普門品(pin)(pin)》;為(wei)護已發心受持(chi)法(fa)華(hua)的(de)佛弟子,免除障難,故(gu)(gu)說第二(er)十六《陀羅(luo)尼品(pin)(pin)》。然而為(wei)示摧伏魔怨,可賴咒(zhou)力;具(ju)足正見(jian),須假(jia)善知識,故(gu)(gu)有(you)第二(er)十七《妙(miao)莊(zhuang)嚴王(wang)本事(shi)品(pin)(pin)》。而以普賢菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)神(shen)通(tong)誓愿不思議(yi)的(de)普賢愿行,勸發弘通(tong)法(fa)華(hua),作為(wei)本經的(de)結束。
由上觀之(zhi),全(quan)經(jing)的(de)次(ci)第脈絡是(shi)十分清晰明朗的(de),經(jing)文(wen)二十八品(pin)一(yi)路展現的(de)是(shi)法華三乘(cheng)方便,一(yi)乘(cheng)真實的(de)主旨,以及如來開(kai)近顯(xian)遠的(de)真正目的(de)。二十八品(pin)中(zhong)也(ye)處處貫穿著戒定(ding)慧三學(xue)、空(kong)假(jia)中(zhong)三觀、衣室(shi)座三軌等自行(xing)化(hua)他的(de)妙(miao)法,這需要讀經(jing)者用心留意體會(hui)。更重要的(de)是(shi),本經(jing)以文(wen)殊答問(wen)居全(quan)經(jing)之(zhi)始,強調開(kai)發智慧才能(neng)(neng)開(kai)示悟入佛之(zhi)知見;而以普(pu)賢勸(quan)發作全(quan)經(jing)之(zhi)終,說明唯有大行(xing)方能(neng)(neng)成萬(wan)德之(zhi)佛果。如此(ci)智行(xing)相成,菩薩可得弘通妙(miao)法,成就(jiu)一(yi)佛乘(cheng)之(zhi)果。
是(shi)本(ben)經的(de)總(zong)序,佛(fo)說無(wu)量義經后,入(ru)無(wu)量義處三(san)昧,天(tian)上(shang)降下種種妙(miao)華,佛(fo)的(de)眉間白毫(hao)放大光明。彌勒菩(pu)薩因疑(yi)發問,文殊師利菩(pu)薩作答:過(guo)去諸佛(fo)宣說《法華經》前,皆現此瑞。暗示佛(fo)說此經之殊勝處有別于他經,喚起大眾的(de)注意。
此品與后面(mian)壽量(liang)品,是《法(fa)華經(jing)》的兩大中心,為本經(jing)正宗分。佛(fo)(fo)(fo)由三(san)(san)昧起,稱嘆諸佛(fo)(fo)(fo)智慧甚深無(wu)量(liang),難解難入,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)說諸佛(fo)(fo)(fo)究竟了知(zhi)諸法(fa)實相——“十如(ru)是”。為令聲聞、緣覺二(er)乘(cheng)人(ren)斷苦縛、得涅(nie)槃(pan),佛(fo)(fo)(fo)以方便力,曾分說三(san)(san)乘(cheng)之教(jiao),今日所說才(cai)是佛(fo)(fo)(fo)的真實教(jiao)法(fa)。五千增上(shang)慢者退席,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)乃宣示唯(wei)一(yi)大事因緣,所謂開、示、悟、入佛(fo)(fo)(fo)之知(zhi)見;一(yi)切眾生皆當作(zuo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo),實無(wu)三(san)(san)乘(cheng)。
自此品(pin)至第九“授(shou)學無學人記品(pin)”為(wei)(wei)止的(de)七品(pin),是將方(fang)便品(pin)內容進一步以(yi)(yi)譬(pi)喻(yu)及因緣加以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)明。該品(pin)說(shuo)明舍利弗最先領解佛(fo)意,故被授(shou)記為(wei)(wei)華光如來。佛(fo)將三界譬(pi)喻(yu)為(wei)(wei)火宅,將三乘(cheng)喻(yu)為(wei)(wei)“羊(yang)、鹿、牛三車(che)(che)”,將一佛(fo)乘(cheng)喻(yu)為(wei)(wei)“大(da)白牛車(che)(che)”,以(yi)(yi)有(you)名的(de)“火宅喻(yu)”和“三車(che)(che)一車(che)(che)”之喻(yu),顯示“于(yu)一佛(fo)乘(cheng),分別(bie)說(shuo)三”及“唯有(you)一乘(cheng)法,無二亦無三”的(de)深義。
須菩提、迦旃(zhan)延、大(da)迦葉、目(mu)犍連,于上品(pin)領解(jie)佛(fo)意。佛(fo)更說“長者窮子”喻(yu),佛(fo)喻(yu)為(wei)大(da)慈悲的長者,三乘譬(pi)喻(yu)為(wei)窮子,導出“于一(yi)乘道,隨宜說三”的結(jie)論。
佛(fo)應四人之(zhi)請,更以(yi)“三(san)草二木”將人天二乘譬喻為(wei)大(da)、中、小藥草,將上根、下根菩薩喻為(wei)大(da)樹和(he)小樹,將佛(fo)的(de)平等智慧譬喻為(wei)一(yi)味之(zhi)雨。三(san)千大(da)千世界的(de)大(da)小長短諸種草木,悉受一(yi)味之(zhi)雨而潤澤(ze)成長,如(ru)同佛(fo)以(yi)一(yi)相一(yi)味之(zhi)法,平等利益(yi)一(yi)切眾(zhong)生。
授大迦葉(xie)等(deng)四人將(jiang)來成佛之記。
先說大通智(zhi)勝佛時十六王子聽(ting)講(jiang)《法華經》而轉為菩薩沙彌,后乃成(cheng)佛。次說“化(hua)城(cheng)喻(yu)”,三乘之果不外是化(hua)城(cheng),目的是為入(ru)佛智(zhi)慧、最終(zhong)成(cheng)佛。
富(fu)樓那為上首,五百弟子皆得受記。次說“系珠喻”,五百弟子雖都(dou)懷有佛種,但(dan)未(wei)開悟,由(you)煩惱覆(fu)藏,如衣里藏有寶珠,但(dan)因不知(zhi),故處于(yu)窮(qiong)困(kun)之境。
阿難(nan)、羅(luo)睺羅(luo)為(wei)上首(shou)。
佛在世或(huo)滅度后,凡隨喜聽聞(wen)《法(fa)華經(jing)》者均(jun)授予(yu)成佛的(de)(de)記別。又(you)舉出修(xiu)行、受持、讀誦(song)、解說、書寫本(ben)經(jing)的(de)(de)“五種(zhong)法(fa)施”和(he)供養本(ben)經(jing)的(de)(de)“十種(zhong)”功(gong)德。說謗法(fa)者之(zhi)罪,并說鑿井喻。
多(duo)寶(bao)佛塔從地(di)涌出,證明釋尊所說真實不虛(xu)。釋迦如(ru)(ru)來以神力(li),三(san)變(bian)凈(jing)土,分(fen)身諸佛咸(xian)集,開多(duo)寶(bao)佛塔。多(duo)寶(bao)如(ru)(ru)來,分(fen)半座(zuo)與(yu)釋尊同座(zuo)。
說如來(lai)往昔求法,師事(shi)阿私仙(xian)得聞妙法。又授提婆達多成佛(fo)記(ji)。文殊入龍宮(gong)說《法華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)》,八歲龍女(nv)聞經(jing)(jing)即(ji)身成佛(fo),證明(ming)《法華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)》功德廣(guang)大(da)。
藥(yao)王、大樂說和兩萬菩薩,各各發愿(yuan)(yuan)弘(hong)(hong)揚(yang)《法華經(jing)》。被授記的五百阿羅(luo)漢及(ji)學無學八千人(ren),以及(ji)八十萬億(yi)那由他(ta)無數菩薩,皆誓(shi)愿(yuan)(yuan)弘(hong)(hong)此經(jing)典。
文殊請問末(mo)世(shi)持經方法,佛告以(yi)身(shen)、口、意(yi)、誓(shi)愿(yuan)四安樂行(xing),并以(yi)轉輪圣王(wang)髻中明珠罕見授人(ren)來(lai)譬(pi)喻佛不(bu)輕易(yi)講說經中最尊最勝(sheng)的《法華經》。
六萬(wan)恒(heng)沙菩(pu)薩及其(qi)眷(juan)屬從地踴出,大眾疑惑,不知此等(deng)恒(heng)河沙數菩(pu)薩為誰之弟子?從何處(chu)而來?此為佛開顯“久遠實成(cheng)”佛果的序(xu)曲。
釋尊(zun)說(shuo)明(ming)“我(wo)實(shi)成佛(fo)以來,無量無邊百(bai)千萬億那(nei)由他劫”,而(er)(er)其中(zhong)間乃至今生,皆是方(fang)便(bian)示現(xian)。又說(shuo)“佛(fo)壽長遠(yuan)”、“佛(fo)身常住”。以良(liang)醫之(zhi)譬喻(yu)說(shuo)明(ming)為(wei)救(jiu)眾(zhong)生而(er)(er)示現(xian)方(fang)便(bian)。佛(fo)實(shi)際上(shang)是“常在(zai)靈鷲山”、“常住說(shuo)此法”,為(wei)使眾(zhong)生不起懈怠(dai)之(zhi)念,故示現(xian)滅度(du)。此品旨在(zai)說(shuo)明(ming)佛(fo)陀“壽命之(zhi)無量”、“教化之(zhi)無量”、“慈悲之(zhi)無量”及“救(jiu)濟之(zhi)無量”。
說明與(yu)會(hui)者聞(wen)法獲益之多,和五品弟子(zi)功德。
是繼上品(pin)所說者,說明聽聞、講述此(ci)經的廣大功德。
明五種法師的功德,得六根清(qing)凈(jing)神通(tong)力。
說(shuo)明常不輕菩(pu)薩,以隨(sui)喜行,得清(qing)凈六根,說(shuo)《法(fa)華經(jing)》,以此顯示贊(zan)嘆本經(jing)功德。
佛出廣(guang)長舌相(xiang),放毛孔光。以此(ci)(ci)神力,為囑付(fu)滅后傳此(ci)(ci)經(jing),捷要地說此(ci)(ci)經(jing)功德。此(ci)(ci)經(jing)所在之(zhi)處就是道場,諸佛在此(ci)(ci)處成道、轉法輪,并在此(ci)(ci)處涅槃。
此(ci)品(pin)為對諸菩薩“總付囑(zhu)(zhu)”,三摸眾(zhong)菩薩頂而囑(zhu)(zhu)付之。
自此(ci)品開始到第二十八(ba)勸(quan)發品,詳說佛滅(mie)后弘此(ci)經的必要及弘經的功德(de)。該品舉(ju)出藥王菩薩過去為一切眾生喜見菩薩,燒(shao)臂供養(yang),以報答聽(ting)日月凈明德(de)佛講《法華經》之恩(en)。
敘述變現34身(shen),說《法華經》的(de)妙音(yin)菩薩,從東方凈(jing)光莊嚴國來(lai)到靈鷲山(shan),禮拜(bai)釋尊及多寶佛塔,以顯宣(xuan)說《法華經》的(de)重要意義。
無(wu)盡意(yi)菩薩(sa)請問觀世音菩薩(sa)的神通因緣,佛為說14種無(wu)畏,32種應(ying)化身等種種功德(de)。
菩薩及天神等,各(ge)各(ge)說咒護持受持《法(fa)華(hua)經》者(zhe)。
述說藥(yao)王、藥(yao)上二(er)菩薩的往昔事跡,他們為凈藏(zang)、凈眼(yan)二(er)王子時,勸父母歸依其(qi)師云雷音(yin)王佛,使他們聽講《法華經》的大善因緣,以顯示遇佛、聽《法華經》之難(nan)得(de)。
佛(fo)為普賢說佛(fo)滅度后得(de)《法(fa)華經》的四個方法(fa)。普賢發(fa)愿護(hu)持受《法(fa)華經》者。
爾(er)(er)時(shi)(shi),佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)告(gao)(gao)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)及(ji)天(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)四眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):吾于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)過(guo)去(qu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)劫(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),求法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華經無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)懈(xie)倦。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)多(duo)劫(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)作國王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),發(fa)愿求于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)(ti),心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)退(tui)轉(zhuan)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)欲滿足(zu)(zu)六(liu)波(bo)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)蜜,勤(qin)(qin)行(xing)布施,心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吝(lin)惜(xi),象馬七珍、國城(cheng)妻子、奴婢仆(pu)從(cong)(cong)、頭目髓腦、身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)肉手(shou)足(zu)(zu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)惜(xi)軀命(ming)。時(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)壽命(ming)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)故(gu)(gu),捐舍(she)(she)國位(wei),委政太子,擊鼓宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)令,四方(fang)求法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa):誰(shui)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)大(da)(da)(da)乘(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe),吾當(dang)終身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)供(gong)給走使。時(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren),來(lai)白(bai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan):我(wo)(wo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)乘(cheng),名妙(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓮(lian)華經,若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)違(wei)我(wo)(wo),當(dang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)仙(xian)(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),歡喜踴躍,即(ji)隨仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren),供(gong)給所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)需,采(cai)果、汲水,拾薪、設食,乃(nai)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)而為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)床座,身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)倦。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)時(shi)(shi)奉事(shi)(shi),經于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)歲(sui),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)故(gu)(gu),精勤(qin)(qin)給侍(shi),令無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)乏。爾(er)(er)時(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)尊(zun)(zun)欲重宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)此(ci)義(yi),而說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)偈(jie)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan):我(wo)(wo)念過(guo)去(qu)劫(jie),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)求大(da)(da)(da)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)故(gu)(gu),雖作世(shi)(shi)國王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)貪五欲樂。捶鐘告(gao)(gao)四方(fang):誰(shui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)者(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)解說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)當(dang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奴仆(pu)。時(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)阿(a)私仙(xian)(xian),來(lai)白(bai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang):我(wo)(wo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)微(wei)妙(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),世(shi)(shi)間(jian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)稀有(you)(you)(you)(you),若(ruo)能(neng)修(xiu)行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe),吾當(dang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)汝(ru)(ru)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。時(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)仙(xian)(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)喜悅,即(ji)便隨仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren),供(gong)給于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)需。采(cai)薪及(ji)果蓏,隨時(shi)(shi)恭敬(jing)與,情存妙(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)故(gu)(gu),身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)懈(xie)倦。普(pu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng),勤(qin)(qin)求于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)己身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),及(ji)以(yi)五欲樂。故(gu)(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)國王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),勤(qin)(qin)求獲此(ci)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),遂致得(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),今(jin)故(gu)(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)汝(ru)(ru)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)告(gao)(gao)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)比(bi)丘:爾(er)(er)時(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe),則我(wo)(wo)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)。時(shi)(shi)仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),今(jin)提(ti)(ti)(ti)婆(po)達(da)(da)(da)多(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)。由提(ti)(ti)(ti)婆(po)達(da)(da)(da)多(duo)善(shan)(shan)(shan)知(zhi)(zhi)識故(gu)(gu),令我(wo)(wo)具(ju)(ju)足(zu)(zu)六(liu)波(bo)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)蜜,慈悲喜舍(she)(she),三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)相,八十(shi)(shi)(shi)種好,紫磨(mo)金(jin)色,十(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)、四無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)畏、四攝法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)八不(bu)(bu)(bu)共、神通(tong)道(dao)(dao)力(li)(li),成(cheng)(cheng)等正覺(jue),廣(guang)度(du)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)因提(ti)(ti)(ti)婆(po)達(da)(da)(da)多(duo)善(shan)(shan)(shan)知(zhi)(zhi)識故(gu)(gu)。告(gao)(gao)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)四眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),提(ti)(ti)(ti)婆(po)達(da)(da)(da)多(duo)卻(que)后過(guo)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)劫(jie),當(dang)得(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),號曰(yue)天(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)如(ru)(ru)來(lai)、應供(gong)、正遍知(zhi)(zhi)、明行(xing)足(zu)(zu)、善(shan)(shan)(shan)逝、世(shi)(shi)間(jian)解、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)士、調御丈夫、天(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)師(shi)、佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)世(shi)(shi)尊(zun)(zun),世(shi)(shi)界(jie)名天(tian)(tian)道(dao)(dao)。時(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)住世(shi)(shi)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)劫(jie),廣(guang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)妙(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),恒河沙眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)得(de)(de)(de)阿(a)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)漢(han)果,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)緣覺(jue)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),恒河沙眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)道(dao)(dao)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),得(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)忍,至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)退(tui)轉(zhuan)。時(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)般涅槃后,正法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)住世(shi)(shi)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)劫(jie),全身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)舍(she)(she)利(li)(li)(li)(li),起七寶(bao)(bao)塔,高六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)由旬,縱(zong)廣(guang)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)由旬,諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)天(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)悉(xi)(xi)以(yi)雜華、末香、燒(shao)香、涂香,衣服、瓔珞、幢幡、寶(bao)(bao)蓋,伎樂歌頌、禮(li)拜供(gong)養七寶(bao)(bao)妙(miao)塔。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)得(de)(de)(de)阿(a)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)漢(han)果,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)悟辟支佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可思(si)議眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)退(tui)轉(zhuan)。佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)告(gao)(gao)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)比(bi)丘:未(wei)(wei)來(lai)世(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),若(ruo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)善(shan)(shan)(shan)男子、善(shan)(shan)(shan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)人(ren)(ren)(ren),聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)妙(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華經提(ti)(ti)(ti)婆(po)達(da)(da)(da)多(duo)品,凈心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)信敬(jing),不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)疑惑者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)墮地獄(yu)、餓鬼、畜生(sheng)(sheng),生(sheng)(sheng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)前,所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)處(chu),常(chang)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)此(ci)經。若(ruo)生(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)天(tian)(tian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),受勝妙(miao)樂,若(ruo)在(zai)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)前,蓮(lian)華化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)時(shi)(shi),下方(fang)多(duo)寶(bao)(bao)世(shi)(shi)尊(zun)(zun)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)從(cong)(cong)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa),名曰(yue)智積(ji),白(bai)多(duo)寶(bao)(bao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo):當(dang)還本土。釋迦牟尼佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)告(gao)(gao)智積(ji)曰(yue):善(shan)(shan)(shan)男子,且待(dai)須臾,此(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa),名文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)師(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li),可與相見(jian),論(lun)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)妙(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),可還本土。爾(er)(er)時(shi)(shi),文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)師(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)坐(zuo)(zuo)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)葉蓮(lian)華,大(da)(da)(da)如(ru)(ru)車輪,俱來(lai)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)亦(yi)坐(zuo)(zuo)寶(bao)(bao)蓮(lian)華,從(cong)(cong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)海(hai)(hai)娑(suo)竭(jie)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)龍宮(gong)自然涌(yong)出(chu),住虛(xu)空(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),詣靈(ling)鷲(jiu)山,從(cong)(cong)蓮(lian)華下,至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo),頭面(mian)敬(jing)禮(li)二(er)世(shi)(shi)尊(zun)(zun)足(zu)(zu)。修(xiu)敬(jing)已畢,往(wang)智積(ji)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo),共相慰問(wen),卻(que)坐(zuo)(zuo)一面(mian)。智積(ji)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)問(wen)文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)師(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li):仁往(wang)龍宮(gong),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)化(hua)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng),其數(shu)幾何?文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)師(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan):其數(shu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可稱計(ji),非口(kou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),非心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)測,且待(dai)須臾,自當(dang)證知(zhi)(zhi)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)未(wei)(wei)竟,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)數(shu)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)坐(zuo)(zuo)寶(bao)(bao)蓮(lian)華,從(cong)(cong)海(hai)(hai)涌(yong)出(chu),詣靈(ling)鷲(jiu)山,住虛(xu)空(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。此(ci)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)師(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)化(hua)度(du),具(ju)(ju)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)行(xing),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)共論(lun)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)六(liu)波(bo)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)蜜;本聲聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)人(ren)(ren)(ren),在(zai)虛(xu)空(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)聲聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)行(xing),今(jin)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)修(xiu)行(xing)大(da)(da)(da)乘(cheng)空(kong)義(yi)。文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)師(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)謂(wei)智積(ji)曰(yue):于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)海(hai)(hai)教(jiao)化(hua),其事(shi)(shi)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)。爾(er)(er)時(shi)(shi),智積(ji)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)以(yi)偈(jie)贊(zan)曰(yue):大(da)(da)(da)智德(de)勇(yong)健,化(hua)度(du)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),今(jin)此(ci)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)會(hui)(hui),及(ji)我(wo)(wo)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)已見(jian)。演(yan)(yan)暢實相義(yi),開闡一乘(cheng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),廣(guang)導諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng),令速(su)成(cheng)(cheng)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)。文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)師(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan):我(wo)(wo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)海(hai)(hai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),惟常(chang)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)妙(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華經。智積(ji)問(wen)文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)師(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan):此(ci)經甚(shen)(shen)深微(wei)妙(miao),諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)經中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao),世(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)稀有(you)(you)(you)(you),頗有(you)(you)(you)(you)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)勤(qin)(qin)加精進,修(xiu)行(xing)此(ci)經,速(su)得(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)否(fou)?文(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)師(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan):有(you)(you)(you)(you)娑(suo)竭(jie)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)龍王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),年始八歲(sui),智慧(hui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)根,善(shan)(shan)(shan)知(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)根行(xing)業,得(de)(de)(de)陀羅(luo)(luo)(luo)尼,諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)甚(shen)(shen)深秘(mi)藏,悉(xi)(xi)能(neng)受持。深入禪定,了達(da)(da)(da)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)剎那頃(qing)發(fa)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),得(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)退(tui)轉(zhuan),辯(bian)才無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)礙。慈念眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)猶(you)如(ru)(ru)赤子,功(gong)德(de)具(ju)(ju)足(zu)(zu)。心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)念口(kou)演(yan)(yan),微(wei)妙(miao)廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da),慈悲仁讓,志(zhi)意和雅,能(neng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)。智積(ji)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan):我(wo)(wo)見(jian)釋迦如(ru)(ru)來(lai),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)劫(jie)難(nan)行(xing)苦行(xing),積(ji)功(gong)累德(de),求菩(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)道(dao)(dao),未(wei)(wei)曾止(zhi)息,觀(guan)三(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)(da)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)世(shi)(shi)界(jie),乃(nai)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)如(ru)(ru)芥子許,非是(shi)(shi)(shi)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)舍(she)(she)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)命(ming)處(chu),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)故(gu)(gu),然后乃(nai)得(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)道(dao)(dao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)信此(ci)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)須臾頃(qing)便成(cheng)(cheng)正覺(jue)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)論(lun)未(wei)(wei)訖,時(shi)(shi)龍王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)忽(hu)現于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前,頭面(mian)禮(li)敬(jing),卻(que)住一面(mian),以(yi)偈(jie)贊(zan)曰(yue):深達(da)(da)(da)罪(zui)福相,遍照于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang),微(wei)妙(miao)凈法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),具(ju)(ju)相三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er),以(yi)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)種好,用(yong)莊嚴(yan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。天(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)戴仰,龍神咸恭敬(jing),一切眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)類,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)宗奉者(zhe)(zhe)。又(you)(you)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)(ti),唯佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)當(dang)證知(zhi)(zhi),我(wo)(wo)闡大(da)(da)(da)乘(cheng)教(jiao),度(du)脫苦眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)。時(shi)(shi)舍(she)(she)利(li)(li)(li)(li)弗(fu)(fu)語龍女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan):汝(ru)(ru)謂(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)久得(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)道(dao)(dao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)難(nan)信。所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)何?女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)垢穢(hui),非是(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器,云(yun)何能(neng)得(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)?佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)道(dao)(dao)懸曠(kuang),經無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)劫(jie),勤(qin)(qin)苦積(ji)行(xing),具(ju)(ju)修(xiu)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)度(du),然后乃(nai)成(cheng)(cheng)。又(you)(you)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)猶(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)五障(zhang),一者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)作梵天(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)帝釋,三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)魔王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),四者(zhe)(zhe)轉(zhuan)輪圣王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),五者(zhe)(zhe)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。云(yun)何女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)速(su)得(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)?爾(er)(er)時(shi)(shi)龍女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一寶(bao)(bao)珠,價值三(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)(da)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)世(shi)(shi)界(jie),持以(yi)上(shang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)即(ji)受之(zhi)(zhi)。龍女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)謂(wei)智積(ji)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)、尊(zun)(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)舍(she)(she)利(li)(li)(li)(li)弗(fu)(fu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan):我(wo)(wo)獻寶(bao)(bao)珠,世(shi)(shi)尊(zun)(zun)納(na)受,是(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)疾(ji)否(fou)?答(da)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan):甚(shen)(shen)疾(ji)。女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan):以(yi)汝(ru)(ru)神力(li)(li)觀(guan)我(wo)(wo)成(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),復速(su)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)見(jian)龍女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),忽(hu)然之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)變成(cheng)(cheng)男子,具(ju)(ju)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)行(xing),即(ji)往(wang)南(nan)方(fang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)垢世(shi)(shi)界(jie),坐(zuo)(zuo)寶(bao)(bao)蓮(lian)華,成(cheng)(cheng)等正覺(jue),三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)相、八十(shi)(shi)(shi)種好,普(pu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)一切眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)演(yan)(yan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)妙(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。爾(er)(er)時(shi)(shi),娑(suo)婆(po)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)、聲聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、天(tian)(tian)龍八部、人(ren)(ren)(ren)與非人(ren)(ren)(ren),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)遙見(jian)彼龍女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)成(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),普(pu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)時(shi)(shi)會(hui)(hui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)天(tian)(tian)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)大(da)(da)(da)歡喜,悉(xi)(xi)遙敬(jing)禮(li)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)解悟,得(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)退(tui)轉(zhuan),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)得(de)(de)(de)受道(dao)(dao)記。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)垢世(shi)(shi)界(jie)六(liu)反震動,娑(suo)婆(po)世(shi)(shi)界(jie),三(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)住不(bu)(bu)(bu)退(tui)地,三(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),而得(de)(de)(de)受記。智積(ji)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)及(ji)舍(she)(she)利(li)(li)(li)(li)弗(fu)(fu),一切眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)默然信受。
爾時,世尊因藥(yao)王(wang)(wang)菩薩,告八萬大士:“藥(yao)王(wang)(wang),汝見是(shi)大眾中無量諸天(tian)、龍王(wang)(wang)、夜叉、乾闥婆(po)、阿(a)(a)修羅(luo)、迦樓羅(luo)、緊(jin)那羅(luo)、摩喉羅(luo)伽、人與(yu)(yu)非人,及比丘、比丘尼、優婆(po)塞(sai)、優婆(po)夷,求聲聞者(zhe),求辟支佛者(zhe),求佛道(dao)者(zhe),如是(shi)等(deng)類咸于佛前(qian),聞妙法華經一(yi)偈(jie)一(yi)句,乃至(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)念(nian)隨喜(xi)者(zhe),我皆(jie)與(yu)(yu)授記(ji),當得阿(a)(a)耨多羅(luo)三藐三菩提(ti)。”佛告藥(yao)王(wang)(wang):“又如來滅度之后,若有人聞妙法華經乃至(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)偈(jie)一(yi)句,一(yi)念(nian)隨喜(xi)者(zhe),我亦(yi)與(yu)(yu)授阿(a)(a)耨多羅(luo)三藐三菩提(ti)記(ji)。”——《妙法蓮(lian)華經·法師品(pin)》
“一切(qie)聲聞辟支佛(fo)中,菩薩(sa)為第一,此經亦復如(ru)是(shi),于一切(qie)諸(zhu)經法(fa)中,最(zui)為第一。如(ru)佛(fo)為諸(zhu)法(fa)王,此經亦復如(ru)是(shi),諸(zhu)經中王。”——《妙法(fa)蓮華經·藥王菩薩(sa)本事品》
“多(duo)有人在家出家行菩薩道(dao),若(ruo)(ruo)不(bu)能得(de)見(jian)聞讀誦(song)、書持供養是法(fa)華經(jing)者,當知(zhi)是人未善(shan)(shan)行菩薩道(dao);若(ruo)(ruo)有得(de)聞是經(jing)典(dian)者,乃能善(shan)(shan)行菩薩之道(dao)。其有眾生求佛道(dao)者,若(ruo)(ruo)見(jian)若(ruo)(ruo)聞是法(fa)華經(jing),聞已信(xin)解受持者,當知(zhi)是人得(de)近(jin)阿耨多(duo)羅三(san)藐(miao)三(san)菩提。”——《妙法(fa)蓮華經(jing)·法(fa)師品》
“諸(zhu)佛神(shen)(shen)力,如(ru)是無量無邊(bian)(bian),不可思議。若我(wo)以是神(shen)(shen)力,于(yu)(yu)無量無邊(bian)(bian)百千萬億阿僧(seng)祗劫(jie),為囑累故,說此經(jing)功德(de),猶(you)不能盡。以要言之,如(ru)來(lai)一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)所有之法,如(ru)來(lai)一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)自在(zai)神(shen)(shen)力,如(ru)來(lai)一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)秘(mi)要之藏,如(ru)來(lai)一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)甚深之事,皆于(yu)(yu)此經(jing)宣示顯說。”——《妙法蓮華經(jing)·如(ru)來(lai)神(shen)(shen)力品》
“若(ruo)人得(de)(de)聞此法(fa)華經,若(ruo)自書(shu),若(ruo)使(shi)人書(shu),所得(de)(de)功德,以佛智慧籌量(liang)多少,不得(de)(de)其邊。”——《妙法(fa)蓮華經·藥王菩薩本事品》
“此(ci)(ci)經能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)救一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)經能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)令(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)離(li)諸苦惱,此(ci)(ci)經能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)大饒益(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),充滿其愿,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)清涼池能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)諸渴乏者(zhe)(zhe),如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)寒得(de)(de)火,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)裸者(zhe)(zhe)得(de)(de)衣,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)商(shang)人得(de)(de)主(zhu),如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)子得(de)(de)母,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)渡得(de)(de)船,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)病得(de)(de)醫,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)暗(an)得(de)(de)燈,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)貧得(de)(de)寶,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)民得(de)(de)王(wang),如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)賈客得(de)(de)海,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)炬除暗(an),此(ci)(ci)法華經亦復如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)是(shi),能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)令(ling)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)離(li)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)苦一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)病痛(tong),能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)解一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死之(zhi)縛。”——《妙法蓮華經·藥(yao)王(wang)菩薩本事(shi)品》
“若(ruo)善(shan)男(nan)子、善(shan)女人(ren),于(yu)(yu)法華(hua)(hua)經(jing)乃至(zhi)一句,受持(chi)、讀(du)誦、解說、書寫,種(zhong)種(zhong)供(gong)養(yang)(yang)經(jing)卷,華(hua)(hua)香(xiang)瓔珞(luo),末香(xiang)涂香(xiang)燒香(xiang),繒蓋、幢幡、衣服、伎樂、合掌恭敬,是人(ren)一切(qie)世間(jian)所應(ying)(ying)瞻奉,應(ying)(ying)以如(ru)來供(gong)養(yang)(yang)而供(gong)養(yang)(yang)之。當知(zhi)此(ci)人(ren)是大(da)(da)菩薩,成就阿耨多(duo)羅三藐三菩提,哀憫眾生,愿生此(ci)間(jian),廣演分別妙(miao)(miao)法華(hua)(hua)經(jing),何(he)況盡能(neng)受持(chi)種(zhong)種(zhong)供(gong)養(yang)(yang)者(zhe)。藥王當知(zhi),是人(ren)自(zi)舍清凈業報,于(yu)(yu)我滅(mie)后,憫眾生故,出于(yu)(yu)惡世,廣演此(ci)經(jing)。若(ruo)是善(shan)男(nan)子、善(shan)女人(ren),我滅(mie)度(du)后,能(neng)竊(qie)為一人(ren)說法華(hua)(hua)經(jing)乃至(zhi)一句,當知(zhi)是人(ren)則如(ru)來使,如(ru)來所遣,行如(ru)來事。何(he)況于(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)眾中廣為人(ren)說。”——《妙(miao)(miao)法蓮華(hua)(hua)經(jing)·法師品》
“世(shi)尊,于后五百(bai)歲濁惡世(shi)中,其(qi)(qi)有(you)受持(chi)是經(jing)典者(zhe),我當(dang)守護,除其(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)患(huan),令得(de)安隱,使無(wu)伺求得(de)其(qi)(qi)便(bian)者(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)魔、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)魔子、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)魔女、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)魔民,若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)為魔所使者(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)夜叉(cha)、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)羅剎、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)鳩(jiu)槃茶(cha)、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)毗舍阇(du)、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)吉蔗、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)富單那、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)韋陀等諸惱(nao)人者(zhe),皆(jie)不(bu)得(de)便(bian)。”——《妙法蓮華經(jing)·普賢菩薩勸發品(pin)》
“普(pu)賢,若于后(hou)世,受持讀誦是(shi)經典者,是(shi)人不(bu)復(fu)貪(tan)著(zhu)衣服、臥具、飲食、資生之物。所愿不(bu)虛,亦(yi)于現世得其福報。”——《妙法(fa)蓮華經·普(pu)賢菩薩(sa)勸發品(pin)》
宣化上人《妙法蓮(lian)華經》淺(qian)釋(shi)摘錄
……如智(zhi)者大(da)師,他(ta)是因為(wei)誦持(chi)法華(hua)經而開(kai)悟(wu)。當他(ta)誦至藥王菩(pu)薩本事品焚身供佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)“是真精進,是名真法供養如來”的經文時,就入了(le)法華(hua)一旋三昧之最高境界。在定中看(kan)見(jian)靈山法會,儼然(ran)未(wei)散,見(jian)到釋迦牟尼佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)仍然(ran)在說法。所以持(chi)誦經典亦能(neng)開(kai)悟(wu),但要專心致志,而非(fei)一邊念(nian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)一邊打妄(wang)想。若人在念(nian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)時還在盤算(suan)著怎樣去賺(zhuan)錢,必(bi)定不能(neng)開(kai)悟(wu),因為(wei)這是在念(nian)錢而非(fei)念(nian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)。……
自(zi)古云:成佛法(fa)華(hua),富貴華(hua)嚴(yan),開(kai)慧(hui)楞嚴(yan)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)此,歷代(dai)祖(zu)師都(dou)教于(yu)(yu)大眾(zhong)必修三大經(jing)(jing)(jing)《法(fa)華(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》《華(hua)嚴(yan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》《楞嚴(yan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》。在《法(fa)華(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》中說(shuo):諸佛世(shi)(shi)尊,唯以(yi)一大事因(yin)緣故(gu)(gu)(gu)出(chu)現(xian)于(yu)(yu)世(shi)(shi)。欲(yu)(yu)令(ling)眾(zhong)生(sheng)開(kai)佛知見(jian)(jian)使得清凈(jing)故(gu)(gu)(gu),出(chu)現(xian)于(yu)(yu)世(shi)(shi);欲(yu)(yu)示(shi)眾(zhong)生(sheng)佛之知見(jian)(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu),出(chu)現(xian)于(yu)(yu)世(shi)(shi);欲(yu)(yu)令(ling)眾(zhong)生(sheng)悟佛知見(jian)(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu),出(chu)現(xian)于(yu)(yu)世(shi)(shi);欲(yu)(yu)令(ling)眾(zhong)生(sheng)入佛知見(jian)(jian)道故(gu)(gu)(gu),出(chu)現(xian)于(yu)(yu)世(shi)(shi)。在此,可以(yi)看出(chu)《法(fa)華(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》對整個(ge)佛法(fa)的(de)貢(gong)獻。因(yin)為佛陀指(zhi)出(chu)種種法(fa)門只是方便之說(shuo),最終(zhong)目的(de)無非令(ling)所有眾(zhong)生(sheng)都(dou)能離苦(ku)得樂,得證(zheng)佛果。
經中品(pin)品(pin)說出行菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)道的重(zhong)要性,那是成佛的因。各大菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)示(shi)現廣度眾(zhong)生的方(fang)便法門,觀世音(yin)(yin)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)的慈悲、普賢菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)的行愿、常(chang)不(bu)輕菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)的破除(chu)驕(jiao)傲心、藥王(wang)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)的精(jing)進心、妙音(yin)(yin)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)的方(fang)便度眾(zhong)心,都體(ti)現了舍己為人的法華精(jing)神。
而(er)《法華經》教導我們(men)(men)(men):那里有苦(ku)難眾生我們(men)(men)(men)必須去(qu)救度(du)。饑(ji)餓的(de)人(ren)們(men)(men)(men)我們(men)(men)(men)要(yao)去(qu)施食,病苦(ku)的(de)人(ren)們(men)(men)(men)我們(men)(men)(men)要(yao)去(qu)施藥(yao)和(he)打理,無智(zhi)愚(yu)癡的(de)人(ren)和(he)地方(fang)我們(men)(men)(men)要(yao)去(qu)弘法。把歡(huan)樂的(de)福蔭帶給(gei)大家,使沉溺在生死(si)苦(ku)海的(de)人(ren)們(men)(men)(men)脫離苦(ku)海,那就是成佛必須具備的(de)慈悲喜舍菩薩心(xin)。
《法華(hua)經》最大的特色是(shi)唯有(you)一佛乘(cheng),方便說有(you)三。明知道修(xiu)學佛法是(shi)為了成佛,而方便說有(you)三,使我們能(neng)漸漸積(ji)功德,而又不覺得(de)累。雖未成佛,但由于修(xiu)學福慧,也能(neng)得(de)到(dao)快樂,直到(dao)得(de)證菩(pu)提成佛作祖。
是故,《法華(hua)經(jing)》對佛教有著無(wu)盡的貢獻,那是經(jing)中之(zhi)王(wang)度生無(wu)量的魅力。(方海權著)