《法(fa)華經(jing)(jing)(jing)》相傳為釋(shi)迦牟尼佛(fo)晚(wan)年在王舍城靈鷲山所(suo)說,為大(da)乘佛(fo)教初期經(jing)(jing)(jing)典之一(yi)。學術界(jie)一(yi)般認為《法(fa)華經(jing)(jing)(jing)》出現于公元前1世紀,后續流變發展,形成(cheng)多種版本。龍樹(shu)菩薩(公元150—250)的著作《中論(lun)》、《大(da)智度(du)論(lun)》已引用本經(jing)(jing)(jing)文義。另外《大(da)般泥洹經(jing)(jing)(jing)》、《大(da)般涅槃經(jing)(jing)(jing)》、《優婆塞戒經(jing)(jing)(jing)》、《大(da)乘本生心(xin)地(di)觀經(jing)(jing)(jing)》、《大(da)佛(fo)頂首(shou)楞(leng)嚴經(jing)(jing)(jing)》等諸經(jing)(jing)(jing)皆列(lie)舉本經(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)名并援引經(jing)(jing)(jing)中文義,可見本經(jing)(jing)(jing)之成(cheng)立年代較以(yi)上諸經(jing)(jing)(jing)為早。該經(jing)(jing)(jing)漢譯(yi)流通本全稱《妙法(fa)蓮(lian)華經(jing)(jing)(jing)》,七卷(juan),或(huo)八卷(juan),后秦鳩摩羅(luo)什(shen)譯(yi)。
漢(han)傳(chuan)《法(fa)華經(jing)》現存有三(san)(san)譯。此其第二(er)譯也(ye)。梁僧祐之出三(san)(san)藏記,隋費長房(fang)之歷代三(san)(san)寶(bao)記,麗宋元(yuan)明之四大藏經(jing)目錄,明智(zhi)旭(xu)之閱藏知津等,悉記為七(qi)卷(juan)。獨唐智(zhi)升之開元(yuan)釋教錄記妙法(fa)蓮(lian)華經(jing)八(ba)卷(juan),注(zhu)(zhu)記古本七(qi)卷(juan)。又玄應師之音義(yi),據八(ba)卷(juan)本。蓋此時既為八(ba)卷(juan)矣。然觀(guan)其后(hou)經(jing)錄,麗宋元(yuan)明之四大藏皆記七(qi)卷(juan),則一般通行者(zhe)七(qi)卷(juan)也(ye)。明之法(fa)華科注(zhu)(zhu)現行本雖(sui)為八(ba)卷(juan),而其序有曰:厘為七(qi)帙,壽諸良梓,則原為七(qi)卷(juan),明也(ye)。
諸(zhu)家之注述(shu)(shu)。及關于(yu)本經(jing)(jing)之著作(zuo)如下:法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)疏(shu)二(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋竺道(dao)生撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)義(yi)(yi)記(ji)(ji)八卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),梁(liang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)云撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)義(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)智顗(yi)說。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)句(ju)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)智顗(yi)說。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)論疏(shu)三(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)吉藏(zang)(zang)(zang)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)論十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)吉藏(zang)(zang)(zang)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)游(you)意二(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)吉藏(zang)(zang)(zang)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)義(yi)(yi)疏(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)吉藏(zang)(zang)(zang)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)統(tong)略六卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)吉藏(zang)(zang)(zang)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)安樂行義(yi)(yi)一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),陳慧思說。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)玄(xuan)(xuan)義(yi)(yi)釋簽二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)湛然(ran)述(shu)(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)句(ju)記(ji)(ji)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)湛然(ran)述(shu)(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)大意一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)湛然(ran)述(shu)(shu)。天臺(tai)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)玄(xuan)(xuan)義(yi)(yi)科文(wen)(wen)(wen)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)湛然(ran)述(shu)(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)句(ju)輔正(zheng)記(ji)(ji)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)道(dao)暹述(shu)(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)疏(shu)義(yi)(yi)纘六卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)智度述(shu)(shu)。妙經(jing)(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)句(ju)私志(zhi)諸(zhu)品要義(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)智云述(shu)(shu)。妙經(jing)(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)句(ju)私志(zhi)記(ji)(ji)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)智云撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)為(wei)章一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)窺基撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)贊(zan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)窺基撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)贊(zan)義(yi)(yi)決一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)慧沼撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)贊(zan)攝釋四(si)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)智周(zhou)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)贊(zan)決擇記(ji)(ji)八卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),現存(cun)初二(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)崇俊撰(zhuan)(zhuan),法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)清(qing)集(ji)疏(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)贊(zan)要集(ji)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),缺卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)共三(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)(tang)棲復集(ji)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)贊(zan)釋,疑是唐(tang)(tang)可周(zhou)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)玄(xuan)(xuan)贊(zan)評經(jing)(jing)鈔。
法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)三(san)大(da)部讀教記二(er)(er)十卷,宋(song)(song)(song)法(fa)(fa)照撰(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)三(san)大(da)部補注(zhu)(zhu)十四(si)卷,宋(song)(song)(song)從義撰(zhuan)。大(da)部妙玄(xuan)(xuan)格(ge)言二(er)(er)卷,宋(song)(song)(song)善月(yue)述。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)簽備檢四(si)卷,宋(song)(song)(song)有嚴注(zhu)(zhu)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)義節(jie)要二(er)(er)卷,明智(zhi)旭節(jie)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)義輯略一(yi)卷,明傳鐙錄。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)釋(shi)簽緣起序(xu)指明一(yi)卷,靈(ling)耀(yao)述。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)玄(xuan)(xuan)簽證釋(shi)十卷,智(zhi)銓(quan)述。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文句(ju)記箋難(nan)四(si)卷,宋(song)(song)(song)有嚴箋。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文句(ju)格(ge)言三(san)卷,宋(song)(song)(song)善月(yue)述。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文句(ju)纂要七卷,道霈(pei)纂要。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)入(ru)疏十二(er)(er)卷,宋(song)(song)(song)道威入(ru)注(zhu)(zhu)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)要解(jie)(jie)科(ke)(ke)文一(yi)卷,法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)要解(jie)(jie)二(er)(er)十卷,宋(song)(song)(song)戒環解(jie)(jie)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)合論七卷,宋(song)(song)(song)慧洪造,張商(shang)英撰(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)句(ju)解(jie)(jie)八卷,宋(song)(song)(song)聞達解(jie)(jie)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前六意(yi)一(yi)卷,宋(song)(song)(song)與咸錄。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)序(xu)注(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)卷,宋(song)(song)(song)祥邁注(zhu)(zhu)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)解(jie)(jie)二(er)(er)十卷,附(fu)科(ke)(ke)文一(yi)卷,宋(song)(song)(song)戒環解(jie)(jie)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)科(ke)(ke)注(zhu)(zhu)十卷,宋(song)(song)(song)守倫(lun)撰(zhuan),明法(fa)(fa)濟參訂。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)科(ke)(ke)注(zhu)(zhu)八卷,元徐行善科(ke)(ke)注(zhu)(zhu)。法(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)科(ke)(ke)注(zhu)(zhu)七卷,明一(yi)如集注(zhu)(zhu)。
法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)知音七(qi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),明如愚著。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)大(da)意(yi)三卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),明無相說。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)擊節(jie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),明德(de)清(qing)述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)通(tong)義(yi)七(qi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),明德(de)清(qing)述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)意(yi)語(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),明圓(yuan)澄說,明海重訂。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)窾八卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),明通(tong)潤箋。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)綸(lun)貫一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),明智旭述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)會義(yi)十(shi)(shi)六卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),明智旭述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)懸譚一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),凈挺著。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)科(ke)文一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),際慶排錄(lu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)十(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),大(da)義(yi)集。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)音義(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),凈升(sheng)集。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)授手(shou)科(ke)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),智祥(xiang)排。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)授手(shou)十(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),智祥(xiang)集。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)演(yan)(yan)義(yi)科(ke)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),廣和標科(ke)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)演(yan)(yan)義(yi)二十(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)松(song)講錄(lu),廣和編定。
法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)科(ke)(ke)拾懸談卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)首一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),普德(de)立科(ke)(ke),智一(yi)(yi)拾遺(yi),弘(hong)(hong)傳序(xu)注(zhu)附。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)科(ke)(ke)拾一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),普德(de)立科(ke)(ke),智一(yi)(yi)拾遺(yi),弘(hong)(hong)傳序(xu)注(zhu)附。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)科(ke)(ke)拾七卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),普德(de)立科(ke)(ke),智一(yi)(yi)拾遺(yi),弘(hong)(hong)傳序(xu)注(zhu)附。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)指(zhi)(zhi)掌(zhang)疏科(ke)(ke)文(wen)一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),通理(li)(li)排。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)指(zhi)(zhi)掌(zhang)疏懸示一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),通理(li)(li)述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)指(zhi)(zhi)掌(zhang)疏七卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),通理(li)(li)述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)指(zhi)(zhi)掌(zhang)疏事義(yi)一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),通理(li)(li)述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)卓解七卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),徐昌治逗注(zhu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)精解評(ping)林(lin)二(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),明(ming)焦(jiao)竑纂。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)三昧懺儀(yi)一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),隋智顗撰(zhuan)。弘(hong)(hong)贊法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)傳十(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)慧詳撰(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)傳記十(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)慧詳集。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)三昧行事運想補助儀(yi)一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)湛然(ran)(ran)撰(zhuan)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)三昧補助儀(yi)一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),唐(tang)湛然(ran)(ran)撰(zhuan)。禮(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)儀(yi)式(shi)一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)知禮(li)集。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)龍女成佛(fo)權(quan)實(shi)義(yi)一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)源清述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)龍女成佛(fo)權(quan)實(shi)文(wen)旨一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)善(shan)月述(shu)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)顯應錄二(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),宋(song)宗曉編。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)靈(ling)驗傳二(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),明(ming)了因錄。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)持驗記二(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),周(zhou)克復纂。
在(zai)大(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)法興(xing)起的時代,有了(le)以(yi)(yi)“聲聞(wen)”、“緣(yuan)覺”為(wei)二乘(cheng)(cheng)或小(xiao)乘(cheng)(cheng),以(yi)(yi)“菩薩”為(wei)大(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)的說(shuo)法。《法華經》就是在(zai)這種背景下結集(ji)的代表作品,提出(chu)了(le)“開權(quan)(quan)顯實”、“會三歸(gui)一(yi)(yi)”的思(si)(si)想(xiang),融會三乘(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(佛(fo)乘(cheng)(cheng))。以(yi)(yi)“聲聞(wen)”、“緣(yuan)覺”二乘(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)方便(bian)(權(quan)(quan))說(shuo),“二乘(cheng)(cheng)”終(zhong)究要以(yi)(yi)成佛(fo)為(wei)最終(zhong)目(mu)標(如“化(hua)城喻品”所(suo)說(shuo)),開啟了(le)“回小(xiao)向(xiang)大(da)”的門徑(jing),這是一(yi)(yi)種嶄新的學說(shuo)思(si)(si)想(xiang),也是本經的主旨所(suo)在(zai),在(zai)佛(fo)教(jiao)思(si)(si)想(xiang)史(shi)上占有至關重要的地(di)位。
《妙(miao)法蓮華(hua)經(jing)》是(shi)中(zhong)國佛教(jiao)史(shi)上有(you)(you)著深遠影(ying)響的(de)一部大(da)乘經(jing)典,由于此(ci)經(jing)譯(yi)文流暢、文字優美(mei)、譬(pi)喻(yu)生動,教(jiao)義圓滿,讀(du)誦此(ci)經(jing)是(shi)中(zhong)國佛教(jiao)徒最為(wei)普遍的(de)修持方(fang)法。《法華(hua)經(jing)》二十(shi)八品共(gong)六萬(wan)余字,初學者(zhe)如果(guo)沒(mei)有(you)(you)借(jie)助參考相(xiang)關注疏,僅(jin)僅(jin)靠讀(du)誦原(yuan)文恐怕難以(yi)把握(wo)其整體思(si)想脈絡。由于此(ci)經(jing)的(de)內容在表面上看起來(lai)比較分散,因而(er)使讀(du)誦者(zhe)常常不知所云,而(er)對經(jing)文呈現(xian)的(de)重(zhong)要思(si)想也無法深刻(ke)領會(hui)。這主要有(you)(you)兩個原(yuan)因:
第一(yi)(yi)(yi)、《法華(hua)經》主要講述的是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)思想,也(ye)即一(yi)(yi)(yi)切眾生(sheng),無論三(san)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)五乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),最終皆歸于一(yi)(yi)(yi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),無有余乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。由之而(er)來(lai)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)陀對(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之法的功德贊(zan)嘆(tan)在經文中(zhong)隨處可見(jian),讀誦者(zhe)往(wang)往(wang)只看到佛(fo)(fo)(fo)對(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和法華(hua)功德的贊(zan)嘆(tan),卻沒有注意到一(yi)(yi)(yi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)思想均貫穿其中(zhong)。
第(di)二、本(ben)(ben)經(jing)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)分(fen)共有(you)十六品,不但流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)品目比其他經(jing)文(wen)多,且按(an)本(ben)(ben)跡二門的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)法(fa)(fa)(fa)而有(you)兩個(ge)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)分(fen),失去往常序(xu)、正(zheng)、流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)三(san)分(fen)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)一般次序(xu),使讀誦者(zhe)無法(fa)(fa)(fa)清楚把握《法(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)經(jing)》全體的(de)(de)(de)格(ge)局。有(you)鑒于此(ci),筆者(zhe)從《法(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)經(jing)》會三(san)歸一、開跡顯本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)旨(zhi)出(chu)發(fa),對(dui)本(ben)(ben)經(jing)的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)架(jia)構作一大(da)略(lve)概(gai)括,按(an)品分(fen)科,顯明重點,使讀誦此(ci)經(jing)者(zhe)對(dui)法(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)經(jing)能有(you)一個(ge)整(zheng)體的(de)(de)(de)印象(xiang),真正(zheng)悟解(jie)佛說這(zhe)部經(jing)典的(de)(de)(de)一乘妙意,契(qi)入(ru)佛陀出(chu)世的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)懷,達到學有(you)所(suo)獲,修有(you)所(suo)證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。
序(xu)分(fen)、正(zheng)宗(zong)分(fen)、流通(tong)分(fen)是最常見的(de)經(jing)典(dian)科判(pan)分(fen)法(fa),它適用于大部分(fen)經(jing)典(dian)。天臺智者(zhe)大師對《法(fa)華(hua)經(jing)》的(de)科判(pan)做了兩(liang)種(zhong)分(fen)類,其一便是這通(tong)例的(de)三(san)分(fen)。在三(san)分(fen)科經(jing)中,《法(fa)華(hua)經(jing)》以(yi)最初的(de)《序(xu)品(pin)》為序(xu)分(fen);以(yi)第(di)(di)二(er)《方便品(pin)》至(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)十(shi)七(qi)《分(fen)別功德品(pin)》第(di)(di)十(shi)九(jiu)偈“佛名聞十(shi)方,廣饒(rao)益眾(zhong)生,一切(qie)具(ju)善根,以(yi)助無上(shang)心(xin)”為正(zheng)宗(zong)分(fen);此后十(shi)七(qi)品(pin)《分(fen)別功德品(pin)》后半至(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)二(er)十(shi)八《普賢勸發品(pin)》共十(shi)一品(pin)半為流通(tong)分(fen)。三(san)分(fen)法(fa)的(de)科判(pan)比較平常,不能完全體現(xian)出天臺本宗(zong)所依經(jing)典(dian)《法(fa)華(hua)經(jing)》開權(quan)顯(xian)實的(de)重(zhong)要特色。
最(zui)能(neng)體(ti)現法(fa)(fa)華(hua)圓教一代終極教說的科(ke)判是智者大(da)(da)師(shi)二(er)門(men)六(liu)(liu)段的分科(ke)法(fa)(fa)。智者大(da)(da)師(shi)從一代圓教開顯的主旨出發,將《法(fa)(fa)華(hua)經》二(er)十八品(pin)大(da)(da)別為(wei)本、跡二(er)門(men):前十四品(pin)為(wei)跡門(men),后十四品(pin)為(wei)本門(men)。這本、跡二(er)門(men),又各有序、正、流(liu)通三(san)分,總共六(liu)(liu)分。這一獨特的科(ke)判分法(fa)(fa)被(bei)稱為(wei)法(fa)(fa)華(hua)二(er)門(men)六(liu)(liu)段分科(ke)法(fa)(fa)。
《法(fa)華經(jing)》前十四品名(ming)為跡門,是闡明釋迦最初成道已(yi)來(lai),及中間施(shi)化節(jie)節(jie),唱生(sheng)唱滅(mie),以至于(yu)今成佛(fo)度生(sheng),皆是從本垂跡,故名(ming)跡門。“跡”是佛(fo)陀(tuo)垂跡化用(yong),佛(fo)陀(tuo)應化人間必然有教(jiao)化眾生(sheng)之大用(yong),即為實(shi)施(shi)權(quan),開權(quan)顯實(shi),廢權(quan)立實(shi)。如來(lai)說三乘是為了一佛(fo)乘,三乘人最后都要歸入(ru)一乘。這是法(fa)華跡門的宗旨。
《法(fa)華(hua)經》后十(shi)四(si)品(pin)名為本(ben)(ben)門,是說明世尊(zun)久遠劫前已(yi)成佛果,為了(le)度(du)(du)化眾(zhong)生(sheng),故示(shi)現滅度(du)(du),這是為了(le)去除以(yi)(yi)釋(shi)尊(zun)為伽耶近成垂跡示(shi)現之權佛的(de)(de)情執(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)顯(xian)示(shi)久遠實成的(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)地本(ben)(ben)佛。如《壽量品(pin)》所(suo)說,佛的(de)(de)法(fa)身本(ben)(ben)無(wu)(wu)生(sheng)滅,報身壽命無(wu)(wu)量,為了(le)度(du)(du)生(sheng)之方便,故唱生(sheng)唱滅,而為本(ben)(ben)垂跡,開跡顯(xian)本(ben)(ben),廢跡立本(ben)(ben),令眾(zhong)生(sheng)去除對佛身的(de)(de)偏執(zhi)(zhi),這是本(ben)(ben)門的(de)(de)主旨。
從第一《序品(pin)》到第十(shi)四《安樂行品(pin)》是(shi)跡門法華的內(nei)容,跡門三(san)分如下:
一、序(xu)分:以最初的《序(xu)品》為跡(ji)門(men)的序(xu)分;講述法華六瑞(rui)為三世十方諸佛說(shuo)此經(jing)前必(bi)定示現(xian)之教(jiao)化法式。
二、正宗分(fen):從(cong)第(di)二《方(fang)便品》到第(di)九《授學(xue)無學(xue)人記品》是跡門(men)的正說分(fen);
三、流(liu)通(tong)分(fen):第十(shi)《法師品》至《安樂行品》是跡門的流(liu)通(tong)分(fen)。
其(qi)中正宗分的開(kai)顯又分作略、廣兩部分:
一、略說(shuo)開(kai)三顯一:從《方(fang)便(bian)品第二》開(kai)頭“爾時世(shi)(shi)尊(zun)(zun)從三昧(mei)安詳(xiang)而(er)(er)起”至同品中(zhong)“愿為此(ci)眾(zhong)故,唯垂分別說(shuo),是等聞此(ci)法(fa),則(ze)生大(da)歡喜”。在這里世(shi)(shi)尊(zun)(zun)講述的主要是十如(ru)實(shi)相的甚深奧(ao)義,并(bing)且(qie)由(you)于世(shi)(shi)尊(zun)(zun)數數殷(yin)勤(qin)稱嘆甚深微妙難解之法(fa),引發四眾(zhong)弟子的疑問,而(er)(er)以當機(ji)眾(zhong)舍利(li)弗代(dai)眾(zhong)三次請法(fa)。
二、廣(guang)(guang)明(ming)開三(san)(san)顯一(yi):從“爾時世(shi)尊告舍(she)利弗:汝已殷勤三(san)(san)請,豈得不(bu)說”,以下(xia)共七品半是廣(guang)(guang)明(ming)開三(san)(san)顯一(yi)。廣(guang)(guang)明(ming)開三(san)(san)顯一(yi)的內(nei)容闡述(shu)佛陀分別(bie)為上根(gen)、中(zhong)根(gen)、下(xia)根(gen)三(san)(san)類聲聞(wen)弟(di)子(zi)作三(san)(san)乘(cheng)方便,一(yi)乘(cheng)真實(shi)的說法,故稱法華三(san)(san)周(zhou)說法。三(san)(san)根(gen)聲聞(wen)分別(bie)在三(san)(san)周(zhou)說法中(zhong)得到(dao)法益,并蒙佛授(shou)(shou)記(ji),所以又(you)稱三(san)(san)周(zhou)授(shou)(shou)記(ji)。三(san)(san)周(zhou)說法分作以下(xia)三(san)(san)個階段:
第一(yi)周是法(fa)說(shuo)周,是佛(fo)(fo)為上根(gen)人就法(fa)體而直說(shuo)諸法(fa)實(shi)(shi)相、十(shi)如之(zhi)理,暢諸佛(fo)(fo)出世本懷(huai),欲令(ling)眾生,悟入佛(fo)(fo)之(zhi)知見。明佛(fo)(fo)昔(xi)日所(suo)(suo)說(shuo),皆是方(fang)便;今日所(suo)(suo)顯,方(fang)是真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)。但是昔(xi)日權巧(qiao)又(you)不(bu)離今日真(zhen)實(shi)(shi),可謂即(ji)權即(ji)實(shi)(shi),權不(bu)離實(shi)(shi),所(suo)(suo)以舉手低頭,皆得作佛(fo)(fo)。然而這一(yi)開(kai)三(san)乘方(fang)便、顯一(yi)乘真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)之(zhi)法(fa)只有(you)上根(gen)舍利弗一(yi)人領解,并蒙佛(fo)(fo)授記,名號為“華光(guang)如來(lai)”。開(kai)三(san)顯一(yi)的主旨在第二《方(fang)便品(pin)》中(zhong)所(suo)(suo)說(shuo),舍利弗領解授記事宜(yi)則于(yu)第三(san)《譬喻品(pin)》中(zhong)前(qian)半部分所(suo)(suo)談,其文(wen)止于(yu)“其兩足圣尊,最(zui)勝無倫匹,彼即(ji)是汝身,宜(yi)應自欣慶”。
第(di)(di)(di)二周是(shi)(shi)譬(pi)說(shuo)周,是(shi)(shi)佛為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)根人(ren)在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)一法(fa)說(shuo)周中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)能(neng)領解(jie)(jie)一乘(cheng)真(zhen)實(shi)的妙理,又在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)《譬(pi)喻(yu)品(pin)》中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)了三(san)車(che)、一車(che)的譬(pi)喻(yu)。譬(pi)喻(yu)中(zhong)(zhong),長者初許羊、鹿(lu)、牛(niu)三(san)車(che)(以其(qi)(qi)乘(cheng)載量之小(xiao)大(da)(da)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)比(bi)喻(yu)聲聞(wen)、緣覺、菩薩三(san)乘(cheng))是(shi)(shi)施權,后(hou)來(lai)等(deng)賜一大(da)(da)白牛(niu)車(che)(比(bi)喻(yu)一佛乘(cheng))是(shi)(shi)顯實(shi),通過跳出火宅后(hou)的開權顯實(shi),令他們了悟(wu)一乘(cheng)之理。這(zhe)(zhe)時有(you)摩訶(he)迦葉、大(da)(da)目犍連、須菩提、摩訶(he)迦旃延(yan)等(deng)四大(da)(da)弟子領解(jie)(jie)其(qi)(qi)說(shuo),并陳述了窮子喻(yu)來(lai)表達他們對一佛乘(cheng)的信(xin)解(jie)(jie),由(you)此引(yin)發群機(ji),令與會者同得領解(jie)(jie)法(fa)說(shuo)譬(pi)說(shuo)之旨,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)四《信(xin)解(jie)(jie)品(pin)》之由(you)來(lai)。然后(hou)佛為(wei)說(shuo)第(di)(di)(di)五《藥(yao)草喻(yu)品(pin)》加以述成印(yin)可(ke),并在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)六《授(shou)記品(pin)》中(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)四大(da)(da)聲聞(wen)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)授(shou)記。這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)二譬(pi)說(shuo)周的整個過程,其(qi)(qi)內容共有(you)三(san)品(pin)半(ban)。
第(di)三(san)(san)周是(shi)(shi)宿(su)世因緣周,是(shi)(shi)佛(fo)為(wei)(wei)不能了解(jie)上述(shu)二(er)周說(shuo)(shuo)法的(de)下根聲聞(wen),在第(di)七《化城喻品(pin)(pin)》中(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)他們(men)(men)宿(su)世為(wei)(wei)大通(tong)智勝佛(fo)下的(de)一(yi)乘機(ji)種,釋迦在因地為(wei)(wei)十六沙彌之一(yi)時就曾為(wei)(wei)他們(men)(men)說(shuo)(shuo)法,使彼等(deng)了知宿(su)世久遠之機(ji)緣而得(de)悟。此時有富樓那、憍陳如等(deng)千(qian)二(er)百(bai)聲聞(wen)領(ling)解(jie),并在第(di)八《五百(bai)弟子授(shou)(shou)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)品(pin)(pin)》得(de)到佛(fo)的(de)授(shou)(shou)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);又有阿難、羅(luo)睺羅(luo)等(deng)領(ling)解(jie)得(de)益(yi),于第(di)九《授(shou)(shou)學無學人記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)品(pin)(pin)》中(zhong)蒙佛(fo)授(shou)(shou)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),乃(nai)至后來(lai)的(de)《勸(quan)持品(pin)(pin)》中(zhong)對(dui)波(bo)阇比丘尼、六千(qian)有學無學比丘尼等(deng)授(shou)(shou)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)皆是(shi)(shi)聞(wen)開三(san)(san)顯(xian)一(yi)得(de)法益(yi)者。但就第(di)三(san)(san)周的(de)內容(rong)而言,仍是(shi)(shi)指《化城喻品(pin)(pin)》以下的(de)三(san)(san)品(pin)(pin)。
三周(zhou)說(shuo)法分反(fan)復正說(shuo)(佛(fo)說(shuo))、領解(表明(ming)弟子之(zhi)領解)、述(shu)成(cheng)(佛(fo)對弟子之(zhi)領解認可)、授記(佛(fo)對弟子成(cheng)佛(fo)作預言(yan))四階段,循此(ci)以度化上(shang)、中、下三根,可謂周(zhou)備完足。
從(cong)第(di)十(shi)五(wu)《從(cong)地踴出品》到經末(mo)第(di)二十(shi)八《普(pu)賢勸發品》是(shi)本(ben)門法華的(de)內容,本(ben)門三分如下:
一、序分(fen):從第十五(wu)《從地涌出品》開頭至同品“汝(ru)等自(zi)當(dang)因(yin)是(shi)(shi)得聞”是(shi)(shi)本門的(de)序分(fen),這是(shi)(shi)以四大菩薩為首(shou)的(de)無(wu)量千萬億地涌菩薩的(de)久度因(yin)緣作為如來開近顯遠(yuan)的(de)發起(qi)。
二、正(zheng)宗分(fen):從(cong)同品(pin)“爾時釋迦牟尼(ni)佛(fo)(fo)告彌(mi)勒菩薩”以(yi)下到第(di)十(shi)七(qi)品(pin)《分(fen)別(bie)功德品(pin)》彌(mi)勒說(shuo)十(shi)九(jiu)行偈“佛(fo)(fo)名聞十(shi)方,廣饒(rao)益眾生,一(yi)切具善根(gen),以(yi)助無上心”是本(ben)門的正(zheng)宗分(fen)。其中第(di)十(shi)六《如來(lai)壽量品(pin)》為正(zheng)開師門的近跡、顯佛(fo)(fo)地的遠本(ben)。
三、流通(tong)分(fen)(fen)(fen):從(cong)第(di)十七《分(fen)(fen)(fen)別功德品》彌勒說偈(jie)以下到(dao)第(di)二(er)十八(ba)《普(pu)賢(xian)菩薩勸發品》是本(ben)門的流通(tong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)。
本門流(liu)通分共有十一品,又可分為(wei)勸持流(liu)通和付囑流(liu)通。
(一)勸持流通(tong):從彌勒說偈以(yi)下及第十(shi)(shi)八《隨(sui)喜功德品》、第十(shi)(shi)九《法師功德品》、第二十(shi)(shi)《常不輕菩(pu)薩品》三品主要是勸末世眾(zhong)生受持此(ci)經,并將所(suo)得功德利(li)益(yi)予以(yi)分(fen)別(bie)闡述。
(二(er)(er)(er))付(fu)囑(zhu)(zhu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong):從第(di)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)一(yi)《如(ru)來神(shen)(shen)力(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)》到第(di)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)八《普(pu)(pu)賢菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩勸(quan)發品(pin)(pin)》共八品(pin)(pin)是(shi)世尊付(fu)囑(zhu)(zhu)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩當于末世流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)法(fa)(fa)華(hua)。其(qi)中,第(di)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)一(yi)《如(ru)來神(shen)(shen)力(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)》和第(di)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)《囑(zhu)(zhu)累(lei)品(pin)(pin)》系佛以神(shen)(shen)力(li)(li)而囑(zhu)(zhu)累(lei)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)妙(miao)法(fa)(fa)。此(ci)下(xia)六(liu)品(pin)(pin)屬于化(hua)他(ta)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong):《藥王品(pin)(pin)》以苦行流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)一(yi)乘妙(miao)法(fa)(fa);《妙(miao)音》、《觀(guan)音》二(er)(er)(er)品(pin)(pin)以三昧力(li)(li)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)一(yi)乘妙(miao)法(fa)(fa);《陀羅尼品(pin)(pin)》以總持力(li)(li)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)一(yi)乘妙(miao)法(fa)(fa);《妙(miao)莊嚴王品(pin)(pin)》以誓愿力(li)(li)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)一(yi)乘妙(miao)法(fa)(fa);《普(pu)(pu)賢勸(quan)發品(pin)(pin)》以普(pu)(pu)賢神(shen)(shen)力(li)(li)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)一(yi)乘妙(miao)法(fa)(fa)。
就整部法華來看,跡門十四(si)品的(de)當機眾以聲聞為主(zhu),本門十四(si)品的(de)當機眾則以菩薩(sa)為主(zhu)。前者(zhe)所得法益(yi)在于(yu)信解領悟了三(san)乘(cheng)是方便,一(yi)乘(cheng)是真實的(de)一(yi)乘(cheng)妙(miao)法,開(kai)示悟入佛之知見(jian),因此(ci)蒙(meng)佛授記,于(yu)無(wu)上菩提永(yong)無(wu)退轉。后者(zhe)所得法益(yi)主(zhu)要表現在大愿(yuan)大行方面(mian),諸大菩薩(sa)在末世(shi)五(wu)濁(zhuo)中(zhong)不憚(dan)蔽惡,依如來衣室(shi)座(zuo)三(san)軌來弘通妙(miao)法,以此(ci)圓滿無(wu)上菩提。
《法(fa)華經》的通行本(ben)是羅(luo)什(shen)大師(shi)的譯本(ben),共七(qi)卷二(er)十八品(pin),全(quan)經雖是以《方便品(pin)》和《如(ru)來壽(shou)量品(pin)》為中心,但二(er)十八的品(pin)目次(ci)第(di)排列(lie)并不是雜(za)亂無(wu)章,而是依照序、正、流通的三分法(fa)及(ji)聲聞菩薩信解與(yu)行果之遞進而循(xun)序演進的。
序(xu)品為(wei)跡門(men)的(de)序(xu)分,世尊在第一(yi)《序(xu)品》中現(xian)法(fa)華六(liu)(liu)瑞,而(er)起眾(zhong)疑。彌(mi)勒(le)(le)菩薩代眾(zhong)請疑問,向文殊(shu)問緣由。文殊(shu)菩薩根據過去聽(ting)法(fa)經(jing)驗,知(zhi)佛(fo)當說大法(fa)。他告訴彌(mi)勒(le)(le)菩薩,法(fa)華六(liu)(liu)瑞是三世十方(fang)諸佛(fo)說此(ci)經(jing)前必定示現(xian)的(de)教(jiao)化法(fa)式(shi)。二(er)人的(de)對(dui)答,引起在會聲聞弟(di)子的(de)興趣,故此(ci)品成為(wei)佛(fo)在正宗分中說法(fa)華經(jing)三乘(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)便,一(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)真實的(de)發起因緣。
第二《方便品(pin)(pin)》以下八品(pin)(pin)為跡門(men)的正宗(zong)分(fen),說明“開(kai)權顯實”之(zhi)理。該分(fen)再(zai)分(fen)為略開(kai)、廣開(kai),以方便品(pin)(pin)初(chu)的“十(shi)如(ru)實相”為略開(kai),其后為廣開(kai)。廣開(kai)文即是(shi)上(shang)文提到的三周說法。
《方便品》的(de)前半部(bu)(bu)分是佛說(shuo)(shuo)十如實相,后(hou)半部(bu)(bu)分是屬跡門廣開“法說(shuo)(shuo)周”的(de)正說(shuo)(shuo)段(duan)。這是顯示佛陀和過去諸佛同道,皆是先以三乘施設權巧方便,然后(hou)會歸于一乘,強調權實不(bu)二為(wei)旨趣。
佛(fo)(fo)在《方便品(pin)》說(shuo)法(fa)周(zhou)的(de)正說(shuo)之后(hou),上根人舍(she)(she)利弗,了悟諸(zhu)法(fa)實(shi)相妙理,理解三(san)(san)乘(cheng)即一(yi)乘(cheng),蒙佛(fo)(fo)授記(ji)。于是舍(she)(she)利弗歡喜踴躍,并請佛(fo)(fo)為(wei)其(qi)它弟子授記(ji)。佛(fo)(fo)說(shuo)三(san)(san)車(che)火(huo)宅喻(yu),展開(kai)了第三(san)(san)《譬喻(yu)品(pin)》中譬說(shuo)周(zhou)的(de)正說(shuo)段。根據三(san)(san)車(che)火(huo)宅喻(yu),而(er)開(kai)三(san)(san)車(che)三(san)(san)乘(cheng)之權,賜大(da)白牛車(che)而(er)顯一(yi)乘(cheng)之實(shi)。
上品(pin)中(zhong),上根舍利弗一聞佛說即信(xin)(xin)受(shou)了(le)解(jie)(jie)(jie),但他陳(chen)述(shu)解(jie)(jie)(jie)悟(wu)之(zhi)文(wen)(wen)不多,而須(xu)菩提等四人(ren),由(you)信(xin)(xin)解(jie)(jie)(jie)而述(shu)的窮子(zi)喻,文(wen)(wen)辭特長,故專(zhuan)立第四《信(xin)(xin)解(jie)(jie)(jie)》一品(pin)。四大聲聞由(you)自陳(chen)窮子(zi)喻,引發群(qun)機,令與會者同得領解(jie)(jie)(jie)法說譬說之(zhi)旨(zhi),是(shi)本品(pin)述(shu)說之(zhi)目的。
中(zhong)根人信解自(zi)述窮(qiong)子之(zhi)喻,故佛亦說藥草喻述成印可,然后方為授記,故有第五《藥草喻品》和第六《授記品》。
以上二周說法僅是度化了上根、中(zhong)根的(de)聲聞(wen),下(xia)根聲聞(wen)在第七《化城喻品(pin)》中(zhong)通過佛(fo)告(gao)知彼等往(wang)昔大乘(cheng)因(yin)緣令他們自識宿因(yin)而得度。下(xia)根聲聞(wen)領解佛(fo)乘(cheng)后的(de)授(shou)記(ji)之(zhi)事在第八《五(wu)百弟子授(shou)記(ji)品(pin)》和第九《授(shou)學無學人記(ji)品(pin)》闡(chan)述。至此三周說法圓滿,跡門正宗分(fen)告(gao)一段落。
自第(di)(di)十《法師(shi)品》至第(di)(di)十四《安樂行品》共五品是跡(ji)門流通分。
上來(lai)八品(pin)三(san)周說法,三(san)根得記,已定(ding)作法王(佛(fo));欲登法師位,必明法師行,故次于授(shou)記后而有第(di)十(shi)《法師品(pin)》,以示成(cheng)佛(fo)之路徑。
既聞(wen)三(san)周(zhou)說法(fa)(fa),開方便門(men),示(shi)真(zhen)實(shi)相,又(you)于(yu)(yu)《法(fa)(fa)師品》起自利利他之(zhi)行(xing),由(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)凈心(xin)實(shi)相于(yu)(yu)覆障中顯現(xian),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)多寶(bao)塔涌現(xian)的因緣,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)第十一(yi)《見(jian)寶(bao)塔品》的由(you)來。多寶(bao)塔喻如《法(fa)(fa)華(hua)經》所說凈心(xin)實(shi)相,利根人見(jian)寶(bao)塔即見(jian)一(yi)心(xin)實(shi)相。第十一(yi)《見(jian)寶(bao)塔品》有承前啟后(hou)(hou)之(zhi)深旨。承前,塔中多寶(bao)如來出大音(yin)聲,證明(ming)釋迦世尊所說法(fa)(fa)華(hua)會三(san)歸一(yi),皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)實(shi)。啟后(hou)(hou),本(ben)(ben)品中本(ben)(ben)師一(yi)佛(fo)身(shen)攝十方分(fen)身(shen)諸(zhu)佛(fo),就(jiu)佛(fo)身(shen)而言,為后(hou)(hou)文開跡(ji)顯本(ben)(ben)之(zhi)前方便,為本(ben)(ben)門(men)《壽(shou)量(liang)品》埋下伏(fu)筆。
第十二《提婆達(da)多品(pin)(pin)(pin)》與前品(pin)(pin)(pin)《見寶(bao)塔品(pin)(pin)(pin)》似乎沒有(you)太大關聯,然而同(tong)(tong)屬(shu)于跡門的(de)流通(tong)分,本品(pin)(pin)(pin)闡(chan)述提婆達(da)多為釋迦成佛(fo)之增上緣,人(ren)們眼中的(de)惡人(ren)也得到授記成佛(fo);又(you)本品(pin)(pin)(pin)闡(chan)述龍女成佛(fo),此皆證明法華一(yi)佛(fo)乘之殊勝,自行化(hua)他,同(tong)(tong)成佛(fo)道,與前品(pin)(pin)(pin)宗旨本無二致。
佛(fo)(fo)于前《見寶(bao)塔品(pin)》末,勸(quan)募(mu)發愿弘揚此(ci)經(jing)之人,又于《提婆達多品(pin)》以古今事例,贊嘆此(ci)經(jing)功德殊(shu)勝以勸(quan)受持,故(gu)有諸菩薩聲聞等(deng),稟承(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)的(de)(de)遺命,來受持此(ci)經(jing)并弘揚此(ci)經(jing),這是(shi)第十三(san)《勸(quan)持品(pin)》的(de)(de)由來。本(ben)品(pin)中,佛(fo)(fo)為(wei)姨母(mu)及羅睺羅母(mu)耶輸(shu)陀羅授(shou)記(ji)(ji),這是(shi)因為(wei)佛(fo)(fo)為(wei)前正宗分(fen)的(de)(de)三(san)根授(shou)記(ji)(ji)中,未(wei)及尼(ni)眾,《法(fa)師(shi)品(pin)》廣記(ji)(ji)也未(wei)說尼(ni)名,故(gu)在此(ci)品(pin)有授(shou)尼(ni)眾之記(ji)(ji),如此(ci)始稱平等(deng)圓滿。
第十四《安(an)樂行品》是跡門流通(tong)分的最(zui)后一品,有成前開后之意。因上
來三(san)周說法(fa),三(san)根(gen)授記,已令聲聞回小向大發菩(pu)提心,在本品(pin)中(zhong)又示依(yi)此(ci)(ci)經自行(xing)化(hua)他(ta),勸募弘(hong)通妙法(fa)的(de)(de)五(wu)種法(fa)師(shi),此(ci)(ci)為(wei)開前。前品(pin)既得(de)圣眾(zhong)受命(ming)持(chi)弘(hong),今品(pin)為(wei)初心的(de)(de)菩(pu)薩開示佛滅后(hou)惡世中(zhong)的(de)(de)五(wu)種法(fa)師(shi)應當住于行(xing)處親(qin)近(jin)處,而(er)修身(shen)、口、意、誓愿四(si)安樂(le)行(xing),然后(hou)可得(de)萬行(xing)一心,三(san)身(shen)一體的(de)(de)佛果,這是開后(hou)壽量品(pin)。
從(cong)第十(shi)五《從(cong)地(di)涌出品(pin)》到(dao)經末共十(shi)四品(pin)是本(ben)門,說開(kai)近顯遠(yuan)之大義。
上一品(pin)示(shi)四安樂(le)行,一一皆是要求從(cong)(cong)吾(wu)人清凈心地(di)(di)上著力,觀空(kong)不著空(kong),涉(she)有(you)不滯有(you)。第(di)十(shi)五《從(cong)(cong)地(di)(di)涌(yong)出(chu)品(pin)》所(suo)(suo)舉從(cong)(cong)地(di)(di)涌(yong)出(chu)住空(kong)的(de)(de)菩(pu)薩(sa)們(men)即(ji)是成(cheng)就四行之人。從(cong)(cong)地(di)(di)故不著空(kong),住空(kong)故不著有(you),不著二(er)邊(bian),即(ji)是中(zhong)道。《從(cong)(cong)地(di)(di)涌(yong)出(chu)品(pin)》前半所(suo)(suo)說即(ji)是以這些(xie)無量(liang)千萬億地(di)(di)涌(yong)菩(pu)薩(sa)的(de)(de)久(jiu)度因(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)作為(wei)如來(lai)(lai)開(kai)近顯遠的(de)(de)發起(qi)。因(yin)(yin)下(xia)方涌(yong)出(chu)諸菩(pu)薩(sa)具有(you)三十(shi)二(er)相,久(jiu)習菩(pu)薩(sa)所(suo)(suo)行,其數無量(liang),引起(qi)此土菩(pu)薩(sa)的(de)(de)懷疑,故在后半品(pin)中(zhong)彌(mi)勒(le)代表大眾請疑,由(you)此佛講述了如來(lai)(lai)無盡的(de)(de)壽量(liang),而有(you)了第(di)十(shi)六《如來(lai)(lai)壽量(liang)品(pin)》。
《如來壽(shou)量品(pin)》中,世尊(zun)以良(liang)醫留藥喻顯(xian)(xian)示佛乃化(hua)滅(mie)而(er)大非真滅(mie),伽耶(ye)始成的(de)新佛不過垂跡(ji)(ji)而(er)已,實際上世尊(zun)于百(bai)千萬(wan)億那由他劫以前便已成佛,就佛身(shen)而(er)言,此品(pin)乃開跡(ji)(ji)顯(xian)(xian)本之重(zhong)點,經中于此始開八相成道垂跡(ji)(ji)之化(hua)身(shen),而(er)顯(xian)(xian)久遠實成之本身(shen)。
自第十(shi)七(qi)《分別功德品(pin)(pin)(pin)》后半(ban)品(pin)(pin)(pin)至第二(er)十(shi)《常不輕(qing)菩薩(sa)品(pin)(pin)(pin)》,共三品(pin)(pin)(pin)半(ban),是本師贊美人法(fa),以勸弘(hong)(hong)通(tong)。次有二(er)品(pin)(pin)(pin),以佛神力囑累弘(hong)(hong)通(tong)。自第二(er)十(shi)三《藥王品(pin)(pin)(pin)》以下五品(pin)(pin)(pin),是舉諸大(da)菩薩(sa)受命弘(hong)(hong)通(tong),以苦行(xing)(xing)、妙行(xing)(xing)、圓行(xing)(xing)、助行(xing)(xing)、正見行(xing)(xing)等(deng)不思議力用,以勸弘(hong)(hong)通(tong)。
第(di)十七《分別功德品(pin)》的前半品(pin)屬(shu)于本(ben)門的正宗(zong)分,是闡述諸大菩(pu)薩聞佛壽命(ming)長遠(yuan)如是,當下獲證許多殊勝(sheng)(sheng)法(fa)益(yi)(yi)。后半品(pin)校量勝(sheng)(sheng)劣及后時信(xin)解持經利(li)益(yi)(yi),屬(shu)于本(ben)門流通分的贊美人法(fa),分別說明聞法(fa)菩(pu)薩所得功德證悟之(zhi)相,及一般解悟之(zhi)相,并以(yi)行五度功德與之(zhi)比較優劣。
第十八《隨(sui)(sui)喜功(gong)德品(pin)(pin)》特為佛(fo)滅(mie)后(hou),但有(you)一念隨(sui)(sui)喜,未有(you)事(shi)行的(de)人,明(ming)其(qi)所(suo)獲功(gong)德也功(gong)超(chao)無(wu)學(xue),令一切見聞法華(hua)者生仰慕心。又,前品(pin)(pin)具(ju)明(ming)佛(fo)滅(mie)后(hou)信持此(ci)經有(you)五品(pin)(pin)(為隨(sui)(sui)喜、讀(du)誦(song)、說法、兼(jian)行六(liu)(liu)度、正行六(liu)(liu)度)益,唯初品(pin)(pin)(隨(sui)(sui)喜)未有(you)校(xiao)量功(gong)德,故有(you)此(ci)品(pin)(pin)廣為校(xiao)量。
第十(shi)九《法師功(gong)(gong)(gong)德(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)》廣(guang)舉(ju)(ju)五事(受持(chi)(chi)讀(du)誦解說書寫),隨(sui)其一事行(xing)(xing)成,當得六根清凈(jing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)德(de)(de),這是(shi)(shi)舉(ju)(ju)果以勸修(xiu)因(yin)。又,前品(pin)(pin)(pin)正明(ming)隨(sui)喜(xi)福德(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)聽聞法華(hua)(hua),隨(sui)喜(xi)他人行(xing)(xing)持(chi)(chi)法華(hua)(hua)所(suo)得,今品(pin)(pin)(pin)是(shi)(shi)正明(ming)自己行(xing)(xing)持(chi)(chi)法華(hua)(hua)所(suo)得福德(de)(de)。由隨(sui)喜(xi)而自行(xing)(xing),由易(yi)而難,這是(shi)(shi)理所(suo)必然,故有(you)今品(pin)(pin)(pin)。亦即是(shi)(shi)說,前品(pin)(pin)(pin)《隨(sui)喜(xi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)德(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)》是(shi)(shi)流(liu)通初(chu)隨(sui)喜(xi)“因(yin)”功(gong)(gong)(gong)德(de)(de),本品(pin)(pin)(pin)《法師功(gong)(gong)(gong)德(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)》勸說流(liu)通初(chu)隨(sui)喜(xi)“果”功(gong)(gong)(gong)德(de)(de)。
《法(fa)師(shi)功德品》所說的(de)行持(chi)法(fa)華可得(de)六根(gen)清凈(jing)功德的(de)事,在第二十《常不(bu)輕(qing)菩(pu)薩品》中(zhong)得(de)到證明。不(bu)輕(qing)菩(pu)薩,依法(fa)華經修(xiu)不(bu)輕(qing)普敬之(zhi)行,住(zhu)弘(hong)經三(san)軌,而得(de)六根(gen)清凈(jing),證成非妄。這是勸勉見聞者(zhe),亦當如菩(pu)薩所行。
自(zi)(zi)第(di)十七(qi)《分別功德(de)品(pin)》的后半(ban)品(pin)文,及《隨喜功德(de)》、《法師功德(de)品(pin)》、《常不輕菩薩品(pin)》三品(pin)半(ban)文,是說功德(de)流(liu)通。自(zi)(zi)第(di)二十一《如來神力品(pin)》以下(xia)八品(pin)為是釋尊付囑,勸請流(liu)通。
佛以(yi)不思(si)議口輪說本跡二(er)門已竟(jing),再(zai)以(yi)不思(si)議身輪現無比神(shen)通(tong)之(zhi)力(li)用,付囑流(liu)(liu)通(tong)本跡二(er)門之(zhi)教(jiao),這(zhe)是(shi)第(di)二(er)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)《如來(lai)神(shen)力(li)品(pin)》的由(you)來(lai)。如來(lai)為囑累(lei)妙法而(er)現神(shen)力(li),以(yi)神(shen)力(li)再(zai)三(san)囑咐菩薩(sa),令其護持流(liu)(liu)通(tong)此經,這(zhe)是(shi)第(di)二(er)十(shi)(shi)二(er)《囑累(lei)品(pin)》的由(you)來(lai)。
第二(er)十三《藥王(wang)菩薩本事品》以下的(de)六品屬于(yu)化(hua)他流(liu)通。
《藥王(wang)菩薩(sa)本事品》中講(jiang)述(shu)藥王(wang)菩薩(sa)的因地一(yi)切眾生喜見(jian)菩薩(sa)以(yi)燃身苦(ku)行來
流通(tong)(tong)一乘妙(miao)法。藥(yao)王(wang)燃身功德(de)雖大,佛(fo)恐初(chu)心(xin)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩執苦行(xing)為究竟(jing),故(gu)在(zai)第二十四《妙(miao)音(yin)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩品》中說妙(miao)音(yin)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩神通(tong)(tong)智慧(hui),中道行(xing)化的事跡(ji)。又,前(qian)品一切眾(zhong)生喜見菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩兩世都生在(zai)佛(fo)的凈土,恐聞者凈穢之見難忘,心(xin)存愛憎,故(gu)特告敕妙(miao)音(yin)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩,莫輕娑婆,生下劣想(xiang)。令(ling)眾(zhong)生去除情見,了知(zhi)法界一相。佛(fo)為未(wei)發(fa)(fa)心(xin)的眾(zhong)生能受持(chi)法華,故(gu)說第二十五《觀世音(yin)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩普門品》;為護已(yi)發(fa)(fa)心(xin)受持(chi)法華的佛(fo)弟子,免除障難,故(gu)說第二十六《陀羅尼品》。然而為示摧伏魔怨(yuan),可賴(lai)咒力;具足正見,須假善知(zhi)識,故(gu)有第二十七《妙(miao)莊嚴(yan)王(wang)本事品》。而以普賢菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩神通(tong)(tong)誓(shi)愿(yuan)不思議的普賢愿(yuan)行(xing),勸發(fa)(fa)弘通(tong)(tong)法華,作為本經的結(jie)束。
由上(shang)觀(guan)之(zhi)(zhi),全經(jing)(jing)的(de)次(ci)第脈絡是十(shi)分清晰明朗的(de),經(jing)(jing)文二(er)(er)十(shi)八(ba)品一路展現的(de)是法華三乘方便,一乘真(zhen)實的(de)主旨,以(yi)(yi)及如來開(kai)近顯遠的(de)真(zhen)正目的(de)。二(er)(er)十(shi)八(ba)品中也處(chu)處(chu)貫(guan)穿著戒定慧(hui)三學(xue)、空假中三觀(guan)、衣室座(zuo)三軌等自(zi)行化他的(de)妙法,這需要讀經(jing)(jing)者用心留意體(ti)會(hui)。更重要的(de)是,本經(jing)(jing)以(yi)(yi)文殊答問(wen)居全經(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)始,強調開(kai)發(fa)智慧(hui)才(cai)能(neng)開(kai)示(shi)悟入佛之(zhi)(zhi)知見(jian);而以(yi)(yi)普賢勸發(fa)作(zuo)全經(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)終,說明唯有大行方能(neng)成萬德之(zhi)(zhi)佛果。如此智行相成,菩薩可(ke)得弘通妙法,成就一佛乘之(zhi)(zhi)果。
是本經(jing)的(de)總(zong)序,佛(fo)(fo)說(shuo)(shuo)無(wu)(wu)量義經(jing)后,入無(wu)(wu)量義處(chu)三昧,天上降下種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)妙華,佛(fo)(fo)的(de)眉間白毫放大(da)光(guang)明。彌勒菩薩因疑發問,文殊師利菩薩作(zuo)答(da):過(guo)去諸佛(fo)(fo)宣說(shuo)(shuo)《法華經(jing)》前,皆現此(ci)瑞(rui)。暗(an)示佛(fo)(fo)說(shuo)(shuo)此(ci)經(jing)之殊勝處(chu)有(you)別于(yu)他經(jing),喚起(qi)大(da)眾的(de)注意。
此品(pin)與后(hou)面壽(shou)量(liang)(liang)品(pin),是(shi)《法華經(jing)》的(de)兩大(da)中心,為(wei)本經(jing)正宗分。佛(fo)(fo)由(you)三(san)(san)昧起(qi),稱嘆諸佛(fo)(fo)智慧甚深無(wu)量(liang)(liang),難解難入,佛(fo)(fo)說(shuo)諸佛(fo)(fo)究(jiu)竟了知諸法實相——“十如是(shi)”。為(wei)令(ling)聲聞、緣(yuan)(yuan)覺二乘人斷苦縛、得涅槃,佛(fo)(fo)以方(fang)便力,曾分說(shuo)三(san)(san)乘之(zhi)教,今(jin)日(ri)所說(shuo)才是(shi)佛(fo)(fo)的(de)真實教法。五(wu)千(qian)增上慢者退席,佛(fo)(fo)乃宣示唯一大(da)事因緣(yuan)(yuan),所謂開、示、悟、入佛(fo)(fo)之(zhi)知見;一切(qie)眾生皆當作佛(fo)(fo),實無(wu)三(san)(san)乘。
自此品至第(di)九“授學無學人記品”為(wei)止(zhi)的七品,是將方便(bian)品內(nei)容進一(yi)步(bu)以譬(pi)喻(yu)(yu)及(ji)因(yin)緣加以說明。該品說明舍利弗最先(xian)領解(jie)佛意(yi),故被(bei)授記為(wei)華光如來。佛將三(san)(san)(san)(san)界(jie)譬(pi)喻(yu)(yu)為(wei)火宅,將三(san)(san)(san)(san)乘(cheng)喻(yu)(yu)為(wei)“羊、鹿、牛三(san)(san)(san)(san)車(che)”,將一(yi)佛乘(cheng)喻(yu)(yu)為(wei)“大白牛車(che)”,以有名(ming)的“火宅喻(yu)(yu)”和“三(san)(san)(san)(san)車(che)一(yi)車(che)”之喻(yu)(yu),顯(xian)示“于一(yi)佛乘(cheng),分(fen)別說三(san)(san)(san)(san)”及(ji)“唯有一(yi)乘(cheng)法(fa),無二亦無三(san)(san)(san)(san)”的深(shen)義(yi)。
須菩提、迦旃延、大迦葉、目犍連,于(yu)上品領解佛(fo)意。佛(fo)更說“長者(zhe)窮子(zi)”喻,佛(fo)喻為大慈悲(bei)的長者(zhe),三(san)乘譬喻為窮子(zi),導出“于(yu)一乘道,隨(sui)宜說三(san)”的結論(lun)。
佛應四人(ren)之請,更以“三草(cao)(cao)二(er)木(mu)”將(jiang)人(ren)天二(er)乘譬(pi)喻(yu)為大、中、小藥草(cao)(cao),將(jiang)上根、下(xia)根菩薩喻(yu)為大樹和小樹,將(jiang)佛的(de)平等智慧譬(pi)喻(yu)為一(yi)味之雨(yu)。三千(qian)大千(qian)世界的(de)大小長短(duan)諸種草(cao)(cao)木(mu),悉受(shou)一(yi)味之雨(yu)而(er)潤澤成長,如同佛以一(yi)相一(yi)味之法,平等利益(yi)一(yi)切眾生(sheng)。
授(shou)大迦葉等四人將來成佛之記。
先(xian)說大通(tong)智勝佛(fo)時十六王子聽講《法華經》而轉為菩薩沙彌,后乃成(cheng)佛(fo)。次說“化城喻”,三乘之果不外是化城,目的(de)是為入佛(fo)智慧、最(zui)終成(cheng)佛(fo)。
富(fu)樓那(nei)為上首,五(wu)百弟子皆得受(shou)記。次說“系珠(zhu)喻”,五(wu)百弟子雖都懷有佛種,但未開悟,由煩惱覆藏(zang),如衣里藏(zang)有寶(bao)珠(zhu),但因不知,故處(chu)于窮困之境。
阿難、羅睺羅為上首。
佛在世或滅度后,凡隨喜聽聞《法(fa)華經》者均授予(yu)成佛的(de)記(ji)別。又(you)舉出修行、受(shou)持、讀誦、解說、書寫本(ben)經的(de)“五種(zhong)法(fa)施(shi)”和供養本(ben)經的(de)“十種(zhong)”功德。說謗法(fa)者之(zhi)罪,并說鑿井喻。
多寶(bao)(bao)佛(fo)塔從地涌出(chu),證明(ming)釋(shi)尊所(suo)說真(zhen)實不(bu)虛。釋(shi)迦如來以神力,三變(bian)凈土,分(fen)(fen)身(shen)諸(zhu)佛(fo)咸集,開(kai)多寶(bao)(bao)佛(fo)塔。多寶(bao)(bao)如來,分(fen)(fen)半座(zuo)與釋(shi)尊同座(zuo)。
說(shuo)如來往(wang)昔求法,師事阿私(si)仙(xian)得聞(wen)妙法。又授(shou)提婆(po)達多成佛記。文殊入龍宮說(shuo)《法華經》,八歲(sui)龍女聞(wen)經即身成佛,證(zheng)明《法華經》功德廣大(da)。
藥王(wang)、大樂說和兩萬菩薩,各各發愿弘揚《法華經(jing)》。被授記的五(wu)百阿羅漢及學(xue)無學(xue)八(ba)千人,以及八(ba)十萬億那由他無數菩薩,皆誓愿弘此經(jing)典。
文殊請問末世持經(jing)方法,佛(fo)(fo)告以身、口、意、誓愿四安(an)樂行,并以轉(zhuan)輪圣王髻中明珠罕見(jian)授人來譬喻佛(fo)(fo)不(bu)輕易講(jiang)說經(jing)中最(zui)尊最(zui)勝的《法華(hua)經(jing)》。
六萬恒沙菩(pu)薩及(ji)其眷屬(shu)從地踴出,大眾疑惑(huo),不知(zhi)此等恒河沙數菩(pu)薩為誰之(zhi)弟子?從何(he)處而來?此為佛(fo)開顯(xian)“久遠實成(cheng)”佛(fo)果(guo)的序曲(qu)。
釋尊說明(ming)(ming)“我實成佛(fo)以來,無(wu)量(liang)(liang)無(wu)邊百(bai)千萬億那由他劫(jie)”,而(er)其中間乃至今生,皆是(shi)方便示(shi)現。又說“佛(fo)壽(shou)長遠”、“佛(fo)身常住”。以良(liang)醫之(zhi)譬喻說明(ming)(ming)為救眾(zhong)生而(er)示(shi)現方便。佛(fo)實際上是(shi)“常在(zai)靈(ling)鷲山”、“常住說此(ci)法”,為使眾(zhong)生不起懈(xie)怠之(zhi)念,故示(shi)現滅度。此(ci)品(pin)旨在(zai)說明(ming)(ming)佛(fo)陀“壽(shou)命之(zhi)無(wu)量(liang)(liang)”、“教化(hua)之(zhi)無(wu)量(liang)(liang)”、“慈悲之(zhi)無(wu)量(liang)(liang)”及“救濟之(zhi)無(wu)量(liang)(liang)”。
說明與會者(zhe)聞法(fa)獲益之(zhi)多,和五(wu)品弟子(zi)功德。
是繼上品所說(shuo)者,說(shuo)明(ming)聽聞(wen)、講(jiang)述(shu)此經的廣(guang)大功德(de)。
明(ming)五種法師(shi)的功德,得六根(gen)清凈神通力。
說明常不輕(qing)菩薩,以隨喜行,得清凈六根,說《法(fa)華經》,以此(ci)顯示(shi)贊嘆(tan)本經功德。
佛出廣長舌相,放毛孔光。以此(ci)神(shen)力,為囑付滅后傳此(ci)經(jing),捷要地說(shuo)此(ci)經(jing)功(gong)德(de)。此(ci)經(jing)所在(zai)(zai)之處就是道(dao)場,諸佛在(zai)(zai)此(ci)處成道(dao)、轉(zhuan)法輪,并在(zai)(zai)此(ci)處涅槃。
此品為(wei)對(dui)諸菩薩“總付囑(zhu)”,三摸眾(zhong)菩薩頂而囑(zhu)付之。
自此品(pin)(pin)(pin)開始(shi)到第二(er)十八勸發品(pin)(pin)(pin),詳說佛滅后弘(hong)此經(jing)的(de)必要及弘(hong)經(jing)的(de)功德。該品(pin)(pin)(pin)舉出藥王(wang)菩(pu)薩過去(qu)為一(yi)切(qie)眾生喜見(jian)菩(pu)薩,燒臂供養,以(yi)報答聽日月凈(jing)明德佛講《法(fa)華經(jing)》之恩。
敘述變現34身(shen),說《法(fa)華(hua)經》的(de)妙音菩薩,從東(dong)方凈(jing)光(guang)莊嚴國(guo)來到靈鷲山,禮拜釋尊(zun)及多寶佛塔,以(yi)顯宣說《法(fa)華(hua)經》的(de)重要意義(yi)。
無盡意(yi)菩薩請問觀世(shi)音菩薩的神通因緣,佛(fo)為說14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無畏,32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應化身等(deng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)功德。
菩(pu)薩及(ji)天神等,各各說咒護持(chi)(chi)受持(chi)(chi)《法華經》者。
述說藥(yao)王、藥(yao)上二(er)菩薩(sa)的往(wang)昔事(shi)跡,他們為凈(jing)藏、凈(jing)眼二(er)王子時,勸父母歸依其(qi)師云雷音王佛(fo),使他們聽講《法華經》的大善因緣(yuan),以顯示遇佛(fo)、聽《法華經》之難得。
佛(fo)為普(pu)賢說佛(fo)滅度后得《法華經(jing)(jing)》的四個方法。普(pu)賢發愿護持受《法華經(jing)(jing)》者。
爾(er)(er)時(shi)(shi)(shi),佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)告(gao)(gao)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)及天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)四(si)(si)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):吾于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)過(guo)去(qu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)劫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),求法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)懈倦。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)多(duo)(duo)劫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)(chang)作(zuo)國(guo)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),發(fa)愿求于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti),心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)退轉。為(wei)(wei)(wei)欲(yu)滿足(zu)六(liu)波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)蜜(mi),勤(qin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)布施,心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吝惜(xi)(xi),象馬(ma)七(qi)珍、國(guo)城妻(qi)子(zi)(zi)、奴婢仆從、頭(tou)目髓腦、身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)肉手足(zu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)惜(xi)(xi)軀(qu)命。時(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)壽命無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang),為(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)故(gu)(gu),捐舍國(guo)位,委政(zheng)太子(zi)(zi),擊鼓宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)令,四(si)(si)方(fang)求法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa):誰能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)大(da)(da)(da)乘者(zhe)(zhe),吾當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)終身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)走使。時(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren),來(lai)(lai)白王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)言(yan):我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)乘,名妙(miao)(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓮(lian)(lian)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing),若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)違我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo),當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)聞仙(xian)(xian)言(yan),歡喜踴躍,即(ji)隨(sui)(sui)仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren),供(gong)給(gei)(gei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)需,采果、汲水,拾薪、設(she)食(shi),乃(nai)(nai)至(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)而(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)床座,身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)倦。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)奉(feng)事(shi),經(jing)(jing)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)千歲,為(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)故(gu)(gu),精勤(qin)給(gei)(gei)侍,令無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)乏。爾(er)(er)時(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)欲(yu)重(zhong)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)此(ci)義(yi),而(er)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)偈言(yan):我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)念過(guo)去(qu)劫,為(wei)(wei)(wei)求大(da)(da)(da)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)故(gu)(gu),雖作(zuo)世(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)貪(tan)五(wu)欲(yu)樂。捶鐘告(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)方(fang):誰有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)者(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)解(jie)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)奴仆。時(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)阿(a)私仙(xian)(xian),來(lai)(lai)白于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang):我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)有(you)(you)(you)微妙(miao)(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),世(shi)(shi)(shi)間所(suo)(suo)(suo)稀有(you)(you)(you),若(ruo)能(neng)修(xiu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe),吾當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)汝說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。時(shi)(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)聞仙(xian)(xian)言(yan),心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)喜悅,即(ji)便隨(sui)(sui)仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren),供(gong)給(gei)(gei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)需。采薪及果蓏,隨(sui)(sui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)恭敬(jing)與,情存妙(miao)(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)故(gu)(gu),身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)懈倦。普(pu)(pu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),勤(qin)求于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)己身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),及以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)欲(yu)樂。故(gu)(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)國(guo)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),勤(qin)求獲此(ci)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),遂致得(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),今故(gu)(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)汝說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)告(gao)(gao)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)比丘(qiu):爾(er)(er)時(shi)(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe),則我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是。時(shi)(shi)(shi)仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),今提(ti)(ti)婆(po)(po)達(da)多(duo)(duo)是。由提(ti)(ti)婆(po)(po)達(da)多(duo)(duo)善(shan)(shan)(shan)知(zhi)識故(gu)(gu),令我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)具足(zu)六(liu)波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)蜜(mi),慈(ci)悲喜舍,三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)相(xiang)(xiang),八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)好(hao),紫磨金(jin)色,十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)力、四(si)(si)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)畏、四(si)(si)攝(she)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八不(bu)(bu)(bu)共(gong)、神通道(dao)力,成(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)正覺,廣(guang)度(du)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),皆(jie)因提(ti)(ti)婆(po)(po)達(da)多(duo)(duo)善(shan)(shan)(shan)知(zhi)識故(gu)(gu)。告(gao)(gao)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)四(si)(si)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),提(ti)(ti)婆(po)(po)達(da)多(duo)(duo)卻(que)后(hou)過(guo)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)劫,當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)得(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),號(hao)曰(yue)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)如(ru)來(lai)(lai)、應(ying)供(gong)、正遍知(zhi)、明(ming)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)足(zu)、善(shan)(shan)(shan)逝(shi)、世(shi)(shi)(shi)間解(jie)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)士(shi)、調御丈夫、天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)世(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun),世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)名天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)。時(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)劫,廣(guang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)妙(miao)(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),恒(heng)河沙(sha)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)得(de)(de)(de)阿(a)羅(luo)(luo)漢果,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)緣覺心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),恒(heng)河沙(sha)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)道(dao)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),得(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)忍,至(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)退轉。時(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)般涅槃后(hou),正法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)劫,全身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)舍利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),起七(qi)寶塔,高六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由旬,縱廣(guang)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由旬,諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)悉(xi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雜華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、末香(xiang)、燒香(xiang)、涂香(xiang),衣服(fu)、瓔珞、幢幡、寶蓋,伎樂歌頌、禮(li)拜供(gong)養七(qi)寶妙(miao)(miao)塔。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)得(de)(de)(de)阿(a)羅(luo)(luo)漢果,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)悟辟支(zhi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可思議眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),至(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)退轉。佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)告(gao)(gao)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)比丘(qiu):未來(lai)(lai)世(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),若(ruo)有(you)(you)(you)善(shan)(shan)(shan)男子(zi)(zi)、善(shan)(shan)(shan)女(nv)(nv)人(ren)(ren)(ren),聞妙(miao)(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)提(ti)(ti)婆(po)(po)達(da)多(duo)(duo)品,凈(jing)(jing)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)信(xin)敬(jing),不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)疑惑(huo)者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)墮地獄、餓鬼、畜生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)前(qian)(qian),所(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之處,常(chang)(chang)聞此(ci)經(jing)(jing)。若(ruo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),受勝妙(miao)(miao)樂,若(ruo)在佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)前(qian)(qian),蓮(lian)(lian)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)時(shi)(shi)(shi),下方(fang)多(duo)(duo)寶世(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)所(suo)(suo)(suo)從菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa),名曰(yue)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)(ji)(ji),白多(duo)(duo)寶佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo):當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)還(huan)本(ben)土(tu)。釋(shi)迦(jia)牟尼(ni)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)告(gao)(gao)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)(ji)(ji)曰(yue):善(shan)(shan)(shan)男子(zi)(zi),且(qie)待須臾,此(ci)有(you)(you)(you)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa),名文(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),可與相(xiang)(xiang)見,論說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)妙(miao)(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),可還(huan)本(ben)土(tu)。爾(er)(er)時(shi)(shi)(shi),文(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)坐(zuo)千葉蓮(lian)(lian)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),大(da)(da)(da)如(ru)車輪,俱來(lai)(lai)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)亦坐(zuo)寶蓮(lian)(lian)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),從于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)娑竭羅(luo)(luo)龍(long)(long)宮自(zi)然(ran)涌出(chu),住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)虛(xu)空(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),詣靈(ling)鷲山,從蓮(lian)(lian)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)下,至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)所(suo)(suo)(suo),頭(tou)面敬(jing)禮(li)二(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)足(zu)。修(xiu)敬(jing)已畢(bi),往智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)(ji)(ji)所(suo)(suo)(suo),共(gong)相(xiang)(xiang)慰問,卻(que)坐(zuo)一(yi)(yi)面。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)(ji)(ji)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)問文(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li):仁往龍(long)(long)宮,所(suo)(suo)(suo)化(hua)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),其數(shu)(shu)幾何?文(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)言(yan):其數(shu)(shu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可稱計,非口所(suo)(suo)(suo)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),非心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)所(suo)(suo)(suo)測,且(qie)待須臾,自(zi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)證(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)言(yan)未竟,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)數(shu)(shu)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)坐(zuo)寶蓮(lian)(lian)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),從海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)涌出(chu),詣靈(ling)鷲山,住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)虛(xu)空(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。此(ci)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa),皆(jie)是文(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之所(suo)(suo)(suo)化(hua)度(du),具菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),皆(jie)共(gong)論說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)六(liu)波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)蜜(mi);本(ben)聲(sheng)聞人(ren)(ren)(ren),在虛(xu)空(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)聲(sheng)聞行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),今皆(jie)修(xiu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)(da)乘空(kong)義(yi)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)謂智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)(ji)(ji)曰(yue):于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)教化(hua),其事(shi)如(ru)是。爾(er)(er)時(shi)(shi)(shi),智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)(ji)(ji)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)偈贊(zan)曰(yue):大(da)(da)(da)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德勇(yong)健(jian),化(hua)度(du)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),今此(ci)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)會(hui),及我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)皆(jie)已見。演暢實相(xiang)(xiang)義(yi),開闡一(yi)(yi)乘法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),廣(guang)導諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),令速(su)成(cheng)(cheng)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)言(yan):我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),惟常(chang)(chang)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)妙(miao)(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)(ji)(ji)問文(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)言(yan):此(ci)經(jing)(jing)甚深微妙(miao)(miao),諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)經(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶,世(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)稀有(you)(you)(you),頗有(you)(you)(you)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)勤(qin)加(jia)精進(jin),修(xiu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)此(ci)經(jing)(jing),速(su)得(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)否(fou)?文(wen)(wen)(wen)殊(shu)(shu)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)言(yan):有(you)(you)(you)娑竭羅(luo)(luo)龍(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)女(nv)(nv),年始(shi)八歲,智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)根,善(shan)(shan)(shan)知(zhi)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)根行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業,得(de)(de)(de)陀羅(luo)(luo)尼(ni),諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)甚深秘(mi)藏,悉(xi)能(neng)受持。深入禪定,了達(da)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)剎那頃(qing)發(fa)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),得(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)退轉,辯才無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)礙。慈(ci)念眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)猶如(ru)赤子(zi)(zi),功德具足(zu)。心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)念口演,微妙(miao)(miao)廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da),慈(ci)悲仁讓(rang),志意(yi)和雅,能(neng)至(zhi)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)(ji)(ji)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)言(yan):我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)見釋(shi)迦(jia)如(ru)來(lai)(lai),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)劫難(nan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)苦(ku)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),積(ji)(ji)(ji)功累(lei)德,求菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)道(dao),未曾止息,觀三(san)千大(da)(da)(da)千世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),乃(nai)(nai)至(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)如(ru)芥子(zi)(zi)許,非是菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)舍身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)命處,為(wei)(wei)(wei)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)故(gu)(gu),然(ran)后(hou)乃(nai)(nai)得(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)道(dao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)信(xin)此(ci)女(nv)(nv)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)須臾頃(qing)便成(cheng)(cheng)正覺。言(yan)論未訖,時(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)女(nv)(nv)忽(hu)現于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian),頭(tou)面禮(li)敬(jing),卻(que)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)面,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)偈贊(zan)曰(yue):深達(da)罪福(fu)相(xiang)(xiang),遍照于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang),微妙(miao)(miao)凈(jing)(jing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),具相(xiang)(xiang)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)好(hao),用(yong)莊嚴(yan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)戴(dai)仰(yang),龍(long)(long)神咸恭敬(jing),一(yi)(yi)切(qie)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)類(lei),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)宗奉(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)。又(you)(you)聞成(cheng)(cheng)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti),唯佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)證(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)闡大(da)(da)(da)乘教,度(du)脫苦(ku)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。時(shi)(shi)(shi)舍利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)弗(fu)(fu)語龍(long)(long)女(nv)(nv)言(yan):汝謂不(bu)(bu)(bu)久得(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)道(dao),是事(shi)難(nan)信(xin)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)何?女(nv)(nv)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)垢(gou)穢,非是法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器,云何能(neng)得(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)?佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)道(dao)懸曠,經(jing)(jing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)劫,勤(qin)苦(ku)積(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),具修(xiu)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)度(du),然(ran)后(hou)乃(nai)(nai)成(cheng)(cheng)。又(you)(you)女(nv)(nv)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)猶有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)障(zhang),一(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)梵(fan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)帝釋(shi),三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)魔王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),四(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)轉輪圣王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),五(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。云何女(nv)(nv)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)速(su)得(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)?爾(er)(er)時(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)女(nv)(nv)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)寶珠,價(jia)值三(san)千大(da)(da)(da)千世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),持以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)即(ji)受之。龍(long)(long)女(nv)(nv)謂智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)(ji)(ji)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)、尊(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)舍利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)弗(fu)(fu)言(yan):我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)獻(xian)寶珠,世(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)納受,是事(shi)疾否(fou)?答言(yan):甚疾。女(nv)(nv)言(yan):以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)汝神力觀我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)成(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),復速(su)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)皆(jie)見龍(long)(long)女(nv)(nv),忽(hu)然(ran)之間變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)男子(zi)(zi),具菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),即(ji)往南(nan)方(fang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)垢(gou)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),坐(zuo)寶蓮(lian)(lian)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),成(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)正覺,三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)相(xiang)(xiang)、八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)好(hao),普(pu)(pu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)一(yi)(yi)切(qie)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)演說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)妙(miao)(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。爾(er)(er)時(shi)(shi)(shi),娑婆(po)(po)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)、聲(sheng)聞、天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)龍(long)(long)八部、人(ren)(ren)(ren)與非人(ren)(ren)(ren),皆(jie)遙見彼龍(long)(long)女(nv)(nv)成(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),普(pu)(pu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)會(hui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)大(da)(da)(da)歡喜,悉(xi)遙敬(jing)禮(li)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)聞法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)解(jie)悟,得(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)退轉,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)得(de)(de)(de)受道(dao)記。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)垢(gou)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)六(liu)反(fan)震動,娑婆(po)(po)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),三(san)千眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)退地,三(san)千眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)提(ti)(ti)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),而(er)得(de)(de)(de)受記。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)(ji)(ji)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)及舍利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)弗(fu)(fu),一(yi)(yi)切(qie)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)默然(ran)信(xin)受。
爾時(shi),世(shi)尊因(yin)藥王(wang)菩(pu)(pu)薩,告(gao)八(ba)萬大士:“藥王(wang),汝(ru)見是大眾中無量諸(zhu)天、龍王(wang)、夜叉、乾(qian)闥婆、阿(a)修羅(luo)、迦樓羅(luo)、緊那羅(luo)、摩(mo)喉羅(luo)伽、人(ren)(ren)與非人(ren)(ren),及比丘、比丘尼、優婆塞、優婆夷,求聲(sheng)聞(wen)者,求辟支(zhi)佛(fo)者,求佛(fo)道者,如(ru)是等類咸于佛(fo)前,聞(wen)妙(miao)法(fa)華經(jing)一(yi)偈一(yi)句(ju),乃(nai)至一(yi)念(nian)隨喜者,我(wo)皆與授(shou)記,當得(de)阿(a)耨多(duo)羅(luo)三(san)(san)(san)藐三(san)(san)(san)菩(pu)(pu)提。”佛(fo)告(gao)藥王(wang):“又如(ru)來(lai)滅度(du)之后,若有人(ren)(ren)聞(wen)妙(miao)法(fa)華經(jing)乃(nai)至一(yi)偈一(yi)句(ju),一(yi)念(nian)隨喜者,我(wo)亦與授(shou)阿(a)耨多(duo)羅(luo)三(san)(san)(san)藐三(san)(san)(san)菩(pu)(pu)提記。”——《妙(miao)法(fa)蓮華經(jing)·法(fa)師品》
“一切(qie)聲聞辟支佛中(zhong),菩薩為(wei)第一,此經亦(yi)復如(ru)是(shi),于一切(qie)諸經法中(zhong),最為(wei)第一。如(ru)佛為(wei)諸法王,此經亦(yi)復如(ru)是(shi),諸經中(zhong)王。”——《妙法蓮華(hua)經·藥王菩薩本(ben)事品》
“多有(you)(you)人(ren)在家出家行(xing)菩(pu)(pu)薩道(dao)(dao),若(ruo)(ruo)不(bu)能得見聞讀誦、書(shu)持供養(yang)是(shi)法華經(jing)者,當(dang)知是(shi)人(ren)未善(shan)行(xing)菩(pu)(pu)薩道(dao)(dao);若(ruo)(ruo)有(you)(you)得聞是(shi)經(jing)典者,乃(nai)能善(shan)行(xing)菩(pu)(pu)薩之道(dao)(dao)。其(qi)有(you)(you)眾生求佛(fo)道(dao)(dao)者,若(ruo)(ruo)見若(ruo)(ruo)聞是(shi)法華經(jing),聞已信解受持者,當(dang)知是(shi)人(ren)得近阿耨(nou)多羅三藐三菩(pu)(pu)提。”——《妙法蓮華經(jing)·法師(shi)品(pin)》
“諸(zhu)佛神力(li),如是無(wu)量無(wu)邊,不可思議。若我以是神力(li),于(yu)無(wu)量無(wu)邊百千萬億(yi)阿(a)僧(seng)祗劫,為囑累故,說此經功德(de),猶不能盡(jin)。以要言之(zhi),如來一切所(suo)有之(zhi)法,如來一切自在(zai)神力(li),如來一切秘要之(zhi)藏,如來一切甚(shen)深之(zhi)事,皆(jie)于(yu)此經宣示顯說。”——《妙法蓮(lian)華經·如來神力(li)品》
“若人(ren)得聞此法華(hua)經,若自書(shu),若使(shi)人(ren)書(shu),所得功(gong)德,以佛智慧籌量多少,不得其邊(bian)。”——《妙法蓮華(hua)經·藥王(wang)菩薩本(ben)事品》
“此(ci)經(jing)能救一(yi)切(qie)眾生者,此(ci)經(jing)能令一(yi)切(qie)眾生離諸苦(ku)惱,此(ci)經(jing)能大饒益一(yi)切(qie)眾生,充滿(man)其愿(yuan),如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)清涼池能滿(man)一(yi)切(qie)諸渴乏(fa)者,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)寒得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)裸(luo)者得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衣,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)商人(ren)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)子得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)渡得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)船,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)病(bing)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醫,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)暗得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燈,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)貧得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寶(bao),如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)民得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang),如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)賈客得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)炬除暗,此(ci)法華(hua)經(jing)亦復如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)是(shi),能令眾生離一(yi)切(qie)苦(ku)一(yi)切(qie)病(bing)痛(tong),能解一(yi)切(qie)生死之縛。”——《妙(miao)法蓮華(hua)經(jing)·藥王(wang)菩(pu)薩(sa)本事品》
“若(ruo)(ruo)善(shan)男子、善(shan)女人(ren),于法(fa)華經(jing)乃至(zhi)一句,受持、讀誦、解(jie)說(shuo)、書(shu)寫,種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)供養經(jing)卷,華香(xiang)瓔(ying)珞,末(mo)香(xiang)涂香(xiang)燒香(xiang),繒(zeng)蓋、幢幡、衣服、伎樂(le)、合掌(zhang)恭敬,是(shi)人(ren)一切世(shi)(shi)間(jian)所(suo)應瞻奉,應以如(ru)來(lai)(lai)(lai)供養而供養之(zhi)。當知(zhi)此人(ren)是(shi)大菩薩,成就阿耨多(duo)羅三(san)(san)藐(miao)三(san)(san)菩提,哀憫眾生(sheng)(sheng),愿生(sheng)(sheng)此間(jian),廣演分別(bie)妙法(fa)華經(jing),何(he)況盡能受持種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)供養者。藥王(wang)當知(zhi),是(shi)人(ren)自(zi)舍(she)清凈(jing)業報,于我滅后(hou),憫眾生(sheng)(sheng)故,出于惡世(shi)(shi),廣演此經(jing)。若(ruo)(ruo)是(shi)善(shan)男子、善(shan)女人(ren),我滅度后(hou),能竊為一人(ren)說(shuo)法(fa)華經(jing)乃至(zhi)一句,當知(zhi)是(shi)人(ren)則如(ru)來(lai)(lai)(lai)使,如(ru)來(lai)(lai)(lai)所(suo)遣,行如(ru)來(lai)(lai)(lai)事。何(he)況于大眾中廣為人(ren)說(shuo)。”——《妙法(fa)蓮華經(jing)·法(fa)師(shi)品》
“世(shi)尊,于后五百歲(sui)濁(zhuo)惡世(shi)中,其(qi)有(you)受持是經(jing)典者(zhe),我當守(shou)護(hu),除其(qi)衰患,令得(de)安隱,使(shi)無伺求得(de)其(qi)便(bian)者(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)魔(mo)、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)魔(mo)子、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)魔(mo)女、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)魔(mo)民,若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)為魔(mo)所(suo)使(shi)者(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)夜叉、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)羅剎、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)鳩(jiu)槃茶、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)毗舍阇(du)、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)吉(ji)蔗、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)富單那、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)韋陀等諸(zhu)惱人者(zhe),皆不得(de)便(bian)。”——《妙法蓮華經(jing)·普賢菩(pu)薩(sa)勸發品(pin)》
“普賢,若于后世(shi),受(shou)持讀誦(song)是經典者,是人不復貪著衣(yi)服、臥具(ju)、飲食、資(zi)生(sheng)之(zhi)物。所愿不虛,亦于現世(shi)得其福報。”——《妙法蓮華經·普賢菩薩勸發品(pin)》
宣化上人《妙法(fa)蓮(lian)華(hua)經》淺釋摘錄
……如智者大師,他是因(yin)為誦持(chi)(chi)法(fa)華經而開悟(wu)。當他誦至藥王(wang)菩薩本(ben)事品(pin)焚(fen)身(shen)供(gong)佛“是真精進(jin),是名真法(fa)供(gong)養(yang)如來”的經文時,就入了(le)法(fa)華一(yi)旋(xuan)三昧之最高境界。在(zai)(zai)定中看見(jian)靈山(shan)法(fa)會,儼(yan)然(ran)未散,見(jian)到釋迦(jia)牟尼佛仍然(ran)在(zai)(zai)說法(fa)。所(suo)以持(chi)(chi)誦經典亦能開悟(wu),但要專心(xin)致志,而非一(yi)邊念佛一(yi)邊打妄(wang)想。若人在(zai)(zai)念佛時還在(zai)(zai)盤算(suan)著怎樣去賺錢(qian),必定不能開悟(wu),因(yin)為這是在(zai)(zai)念錢(qian)而非念佛。……
自古云(yun):成佛(fo)(fo)法華(hua)(hua),富貴華(hua)(hua)嚴(yan)(yan),開(kai)慧楞嚴(yan)(yan)。故(gu)此,歷(li)代祖師都教于大眾(zhong)(zhong)必修(xiu)三大經(jing)(jing)《法華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)》《華(hua)(hua)嚴(yan)(yan)經(jing)(jing)》《楞嚴(yan)(yan)經(jing)(jing)》。在(zai)《法華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)》中(zhong)說:諸(zhu)佛(fo)(fo)世(shi)尊(zun),唯以(yi)一(yi)大事因(yin)緣故(gu)出現于世(shi)。欲(yu)令(ling)(ling)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)開(kai)佛(fo)(fo)知見(jian)使得清凈故(gu),出現于世(shi);欲(yu)示眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)佛(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)知見(jian)故(gu),出現于世(shi);欲(yu)令(ling)(ling)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)悟佛(fo)(fo)知見(jian)故(gu),出現于世(shi);欲(yu)令(ling)(ling)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)入佛(fo)(fo)知見(jian)道故(gu),出現于世(shi)。在(zai)此,可(ke)以(yi)看出《法華(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)》對整個佛(fo)(fo)法的貢獻。因(yin)為(wei)佛(fo)(fo)陀指出種種法門只是方便之(zhi)(zhi)說,最(zui)終目(mu)的無非令(ling)(ling)所(suo)有(you)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)都能離苦得樂,得證佛(fo)(fo)果。
經中品品說出(chu)行菩(pu)薩道(dao)的(de)重要性,那是(shi)成佛的(de)因。各大菩(pu)薩示現廣度眾生的(de)方便法門,觀世音菩(pu)薩的(de)慈悲、普賢(xian)菩(pu)薩的(de)行愿、常(chang)不輕菩(pu)薩的(de)破除驕傲(ao)心、藥王(wang)菩(pu)薩的(de)精進心、妙(miao)音菩(pu)薩的(de)方便度眾心,都體現了舍(she)己為人的(de)法華(hua)精神。
而《法華經》教導我們(men)(men):那里有苦(ku)難眾生(sheng)我們(men)(men)必須(xu)(xu)去救(jiu)度(du)。饑(ji)餓的人(ren)們(men)(men)我們(men)(men)要(yao)去施(shi)食,病(bing)苦(ku)的人(ren)們(men)(men)我們(men)(men)要(yao)去施(shi)藥(yao)和打理,無(wu)智(zhi)愚癡(chi)的人(ren)和地方(fang)我們(men)(men)要(yao)去弘法。把歡(huan)樂的福蔭帶給大(da)家,使(shi)沉(chen)溺在生(sheng)死(si)苦(ku)海的人(ren)們(men)(men)脫離苦(ku)海,那就是(shi)成(cheng)佛必須(xu)(xu)具(ju)備的慈(ci)悲喜舍(she)菩薩心(xin)。
《法華(hua)經》最大的(de)特(te)色是唯有一佛(fo)(fo)乘(cheng),方便說(shuo)(shuo)有三(san)。明知道修(xiu)學佛(fo)(fo)法是為(wei)了成佛(fo)(fo),而(er)方便說(shuo)(shuo)有三(san),使我(wo)們能漸漸積功德(de),而(er)又不覺得累。雖未(wei)成佛(fo)(fo),但(dan)由于修(xiu)學福(fu)慧,也能得到(dao)快(kuai)樂,直(zhi)到(dao)得證菩提成佛(fo)(fo)作祖。
是故,《法(fa)華經(jing)》對佛教有著(zhu)無(wu)盡的貢獻,那(nei)是經(jing)中之王度生(sheng)無(wu)量的魅(mei)力。(方海權(quan)著(zhu))