《太平(ping)經》主要采用的(de)是(shi)問(wen)答(da)體,即(ji)真(zhen)人(弟子)問(wen),神人(天(tian)師)答(da)。《太平(ping)經》的(de)基本內容,《后漢(han)書·襄楷傳(chuan)》中說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi):“專(zhuan)(zhuan)以奉天(tian)地、順五行為本,亦不、有(you)興國文嗣(si)災害術。“范曄說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi):“以陰(yin)(yin)陽五行為宗,而多(duo)雜語。”《神仙傳(chuan)》說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi):“專(zhuan)(zhuan)論(lun)陰(yin)(yin)陽、否泰、災眚之(zhi)事(shi),有(you)天(tian)道(dao),有(you)地道(dao),有(you)人道(dao),云治國者用之(zhi),可以長生(sheng),此(ci)其旨也。”
《太(tai)平(ping)(ping)經(jing)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)義,大致可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)個方(fang)(fang)面:一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)構筑了(le)早期(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神學思(si)想(xiang)及(ji)體系,提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)神仙(xian)(xian)不(bu)死、身(shen)中(zhong)神、求長生(sheng)等(deng)(deng)觀念,最高神名太(tai)平(ping)(ping)金闕帝(di)(di)晨后(hou)圣(sheng)(sheng)帝(di)(di)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)號(hao)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)真正太(tai)一(yi)(yi)妙氣皇天(tian)上(shang)清金闕后(hou)圣(sheng)(sheng)九玄(xuan)帝(di)(di)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),亦(yi)稱大太(tai)平(ping)(ping)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(實即老子(zi)),又有(you)一(yi)(yi)師四(si)輔,即太(tai)師彭君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),上(shang)相方(fang)(fang)諸宮(gong)青童君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),上(shang)保太(tai)丹(dan)宮(gong)南(nan)極元君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),上(shang)傅白山(shan)宮(gong)太(tai)素真君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)和(he)(he)(he)上(shang)宰西城(cheng)宮(gong)總真王(wang)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。其余公卿有(you)司仙(xian)(xian)真圣(sheng)(sheng)品大夫官(guan)等(deng)(deng)361人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren);從屬(shu)3萬(wan)6千人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),部領(ling)36萬(wan),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民則十(shi)百千萬(wan)億倍等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。二是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)王(wang)治太(tai)平(ping)(ping)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)套統(tong)治術(shu),占(zhan)(zhan)全書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)部分(fen),以(yi)(yi)陰(yin)陽五行學說(shuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)理論基礎,以(yi)(yi)“無為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)而(er)(er)無不(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃老學說(shuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治國方(fang)(fang)針(zhen)。認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)體,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)切能夠影響天(tian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)治不(bu)得,天(tian)必降以(yi)(yi)災(zai)禍,小則損傷疾(ji)病(bing),大則滅國亡家(jia),均與(yu)(yu)治道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)有(you)關。并(bing)且提(ti)(ti)倡儒(ru)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倫理道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)德,表(biao)示對(dui)(dui)明(ming)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)清官(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擁護和(he)(he)(he)向往。還(huan)以(yi)(yi)神的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權威(wei),勸(quan)誡和(he)(he)(he)警告昏(hun)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)和(he)(he)(he)貪官(guan)污吏,譴責他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪婪,不(bu)勞而(er)(er)獲和(he)(he)(he)殘暴(bao)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)求平(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng),反對(dui)(dui)過度(du)剝(bo)削,提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)以(yi)(yi)建立人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)勞動、周濟貧窮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)社(she)會為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)思(si)想(xiang)。在一(yi)(yi)些篇(pian)章晨,還(huan)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)保護山(shan)林和(he)(he)(he)土地等(deng)(deng)利于農(nong)業生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主張。三(san)是(shi)(shi)關于教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)徒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修養方(fang)(fang)法,其中(zhong)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)守一(yi)(yi)之道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)守一(yi)(yi)既久,可使形化為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)神。并(bing)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)辟谷、食(shi)氣、服藥、養性、返神、房(fang)中(zhong)、針(zhen)灸、占(zhan)(zhan)卜、堪輿、禁忌等(deng)(deng)諸般(ban)方(fang)(fang)術(shu)。書(shu)中(zhong)還(huan)有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)醫中(zhong)藥知識(shi),可補(bu)《黃帝(di)(di)內經(jing)》之不(bu)足。同時,還(huan)重視符(fu)咒,宣說(shuo)服符(fu)誦咒能夠驅邪求福(fu)、治病(bing)長生(sheng),要(yao)(yao)(yao)求信徒進行齋戒、首(shou)過、祈禳(rang)、叩拜(bai)及(ji)育經(jing)等(deng)(deng)活動。四(si)是(shi)(shi)書(shu)中(zhong)包括有(you)濃重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勸(quan)善思(si)想(xiang),提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)“承(cheng)負”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善惡觀,認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)犯有(you)過失(shi),積(ji)累日多(duo),由(you)后(hou)輩子(zi)孫(sun)負其過,前人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“承(cheng)”,后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“負”。如果為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)善,則前人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)積(ji)福(fu),后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)受(shou)蔭。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)“一(yi)(yi)家(jia)三(san)代(dai)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禍福(fu)根源而(er)(er)言,與(yu)(yu)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“三(san)世因果”并(bing)不(bu)相同。而(er)(er)且推而(er)(er)廣之,認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)地人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)三(san)統(tong)共(gong)生(sheng),如果人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)作(zuo)惡太(tai)多(duo),則天(tian)地必降災(zai)異,殃(yang)及(ji)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。正是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)這(zhe)種(zhong)天(tian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)所決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)負,因此(ci)勸(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)巨(ju)子(zi)孫(sun)著想(xiang)而(er)(er)行善積(ji)德,并(bing)方(fang)(fang)信修正道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),可以(yi)(yi)斷除(chu)承(cheng)負而(er)(er)度(du)成仙(xian)(xian)。總的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來說(shuo),《太(tai)平(ping)(ping)經(jing)》包容了(le)古代(dai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)家(jia)、方(fang)(fang)仙(xian)(xian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、黃老道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)思(si)想(xiang),是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)些學術(shu)思(si)想(xiang)向宗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)信仰轉(zhuan)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產物(wu),也是(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)團最初(chu)醞釀(niang)和(he)(he)(he)形成過程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)部宣言書(shu)。
《太(tai)(tai)(tai)平經(jing)(jing)(jing)》面世(shi)的(de)(de)背景,與東(dong)漢時(shi)期道教發展有關。因有疫病(bing)(bing)流行,當時(shi)社會上(shang)出現了一批以“符作造(zao)書(shu)”、“符水咒說以療(liao)病(bing)(bing)”、“教病(bing)(bing)人叩(kou)頭(tou)思過”等方(fang)法感召民(min)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)巫覡方(fang)士,他(ta)們(men)組成(cheng)(cheng)教團(tuan),并開始(shi)制定經(jing)(jing)(jing)典文(wen)獻(xian)(xian),以作為信(xin)仰者的(de)(de)規矩。這類(lei)經(jing)(jing)(jing)典文(wen)獻(xian)(xian)包括《老子想(xiang)爾(er)注》、《周易(yi)參同(tong)契》、《千二(er)百(bai)官儀》及《太(tai)(tai)(tai)平經(jing)(jing)(jing)》等。《太(tai)(tai)(tai)平經(jing)(jing)(jing)》撰于(yu)(yu)(yu)2世(shi)紀前(qian)期,相傳神人帛和傳授經(jing)(jing)(jing)書(shu)二(er)卷給北海人于(yu)(yu)(yu)吉,于(yu)(yu)(yu)吉擴寫成(cheng)(cheng)《太(tai)(tai)(tai)平經(jing)(jing)(jing)》,共170卷。但據(ju)內容看(kan),《太(tai)(tai)(tai)平經(jing)(jing)(jing)》并非出于(yu)(yu)(yu)一時(shi)一人之手。書(shu)中(zhong)“真人”和“天師(shi)”互(hu)相問(wen)答,匯集(ji)《太(tai)(tai)(tai)平經(jing)(jing)(jing)》的(de)(de)人,應是真人或其傳人,把(ba)天師(shi)所授的(de)(de)道書(shu),連同(tong)問(wen)答記錄編集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)書(shu)。白話(hua)文(wen)有《太(tai)(tai)(tai)平經(jing)(jing)(jing)全譯(yi)》、《太(tai)(tai)(tai)平經(jing)(jing)(jing)注譯(yi)》。
于(yu)吉(ji)(ji)(?-公元200年,有(you)的史(shi)書作“干吉(ji)(ji)”),東漢道士,瑯琊(今(jin)青(qing)(qing)島市黃島區(qu))人,傳說(shuo)是道教典籍《太(tai)(tai)平清領書》的作者。相傳曾(ceng)(ceng)在曲陽(yang)泉水上得神書,衍(yan)成一(yi)百七十卷,名《太(tai)(tai)平青(qing)(qing)領書》(即《太(tai)(tai)平經》)。又傳曾(ceng)(ceng)往(wang)來江東吳(今(jin)江蘇吳縣)、會(今(jin)浙(zhe)江紹興)一(yi)帶作符水為人治病(bing),當地人多(duo)信而(er)事之(zhi),為孫策所忌殺。
醫世思想
病癥觀
《太(tai)(tai)平經》一(yi)書以“太(tai)(tai)平”為題,追求(qiu)天(tian)地人(ren)的時空動態和(he)諧(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)美,具體言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)就是“太(tai)(tai)平之(zhi)(zhi)氣”。在醫(yi)學(xue)的思(si)維方(fang)式(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)下,《太(tai)(tai)平經》將天(tian)下不(bu)得太(tai)(tai)平之(zhi)(zhi)氣的狀態稱之(zhi)(zhi)為“病(bing)”,這種天(tian)地人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)“病(bing)”又(you)具體表現人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)與天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)兩種,如人(ren)的臟(zang)腑受損(sun)、精神不(bu)調(diao)、言(yan)(yan)行失當(dang)、病(bing)蟲害(hai)、風不(bu)調(diao)、雨不(bu)順等。依“醫(yi)世(shi)”思(si)想病(bing)理觀(guan)來(lai)看,天(tian)地病(bing)與人(ren)病(bing)的關(guan)系其實是一(yi)種病(bing)。
天(tian)下(xia)的(de)人生病(bing)(bing),其癥候表現為(wei):“疾病(bing)(bing)連年,不(bu)離枕(zhen)席,醫所不(bu)愈(yu),結氣不(bu)解。計念之(zhi),日(ri)夜羸劣,飯(fan)食(shi)復少,不(bu)能消盡谷,五藏不(bu)安(an),脾(pi)為(wei)不(bu)磨。是(shi)正在(zai)不(bu)全之(zhi)部短氣,飯(fan)食(shi)不(bu)下(xia)。家(jia)室視之(zhi),名為(wei)難活。”
不守道(dao)德、違背忠孝(xiao)仁義也(ye)會病:“得(de)(de)善應(ying)善,善自相(xiang)(xiang)稱舉,得(de)(de)惡(e)應(ying)惡(e),惡(e)自相(xiang)(xiang)從。皆有根本(ben),上下(xia)(xia)周(zhou)遍。”天(tian)下(xia)(xia)無(wu)病的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)就是天(tian)地(di)、陰陽(yang)、日月、星辰、萬物、人民都能夠“各(ge)居其(qi)所”、交(jiao)互(hu)(hu)而不互(hu)(hu)擾(rao)。在《太(tai)平(ping)經》中把這種天(tian)下(xia)(xia)能夠安平(ping)無(wu)病、陰陽(yang)相(xiang)(xiang)得(de)(de)、天(tian)地(di)人和(he)(he)諧交(jiao)互(hu)(hu)的(de)中和(he)(he)“無(wu)病”的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)稱為“天(tian)地(di)中和(he)(he)之心(xin)”“天(tian)心(xin)地(di)意”“天(tian)地(di)意”“天(tian)地(di)人和(he)(he)悅”。
病理觀
探(tan)究人(ren)(ren)為何會(hui)(hui)生(sheng)病(bing)(bing),根本原因仍在于精神外(wai)散不(bu)能內守,導(dao)致(zhi)陰陽(yang)失調(diao),缺(que)失中和。人(ren)(ren)病(bing)(bing)和天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地病(bing)(bing)均是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地之氣的不(bu)調(diao)所致(zhi),人(ren)(ren)的病(bing)(bing)氣會(hui)(hui)影響(xiang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地,天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地不(bu)調(diao)和的病(bing)(bing)氣也會(hui)(hui)影響(xiang)人(ren)(ren);人(ren)(ren)病(bing)(bing)得(de)治則(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地病(bing)(bing)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)得(de)治,天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地無病(bing)(bing)則(ze)人(ren)(ren)亦(yi)不(bu)會(hui)(hui)生(sheng)病(bing)(bing)。
《太(tai)平經》中認為(wei):“夫天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)本同一(yi)元氣。”天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)是同根(gen)而(er)一(yi)氣貫(guan)通(tong)的。在一(yi)氣貫(guan)通(tong)的天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)間,陰陽二氣交和(he)而(er)成中和(he)之氣,乃生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren),人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)萬物之長,最為(wei)貴。“人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)乃受天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)正氣,四(si)(si)時(shi)五行(xing)(xing),來合為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren),此先人(ren)(ren)(ren)之統體(ti)也(ye)。此身體(ti)或居(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)四(si)(si)時(shi)五行(xing)(xing)。”人(ren)(ren)(ren)受天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)正氣而(er)生(sheng),身體(ti)居(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)之間順應(ying)四(si)(si)時(shi)五行(xing)(xing)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)是天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)之子(zi),是萬物之長。如(ru)果(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)能夠處天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)間而(er)自(zi)正,天(tian)(tian)(tian)下萬物都能夠隨(sui)之而(er)正;人(ren)(ren)(ren)如(ru)果(guo)失職(zhi),不光自(zi)己(ji)被傷且不能長壽,萬物乃至天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)也(ye)會隨(sui)著人(ren)(ren)(ren)的不正而(er)遭殃,“邪氣大(da)作”。
醫療觀
醫世的(de)(de)對(dui)象(xiang)(xiang)是整個(ge)天(tian)下(xia),不能隨隨便(bian)便(bian)地(di)治(zhi)標,醫治(zhi)天(tian)下(xia)需要(yao)治(zhi)本,治(zhi)本就(jiu)在于要(yao)合天(tian)心、理和氣、安民意。若要(yao)做(zuo)到不失(shi)天(tian)心,就(jiu)要(yao)做(zuo)到對(dui)天(tian)地(di)日月天(tian)下(xia)蒼生事(shi)事(shi)洞察(cha)、處處隨順。人(ren)(ren)法天(tian)象(xiang)(xiang)地(di),遵循道德仁義而(er)行事(shi),天(tian)下(xia)就(jiu)會太平;反之,就(jiu)會承負災禍,遠(yuan)離安泰。天(tian)下(xia)失(shi)治(zhi)的(de)(de)責(ze)任,不可歸咎為一人(ren)(ren),甚(shen)至先人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)善(shan)惡之行對(dui)后世之人(ren)(ren)都有影響;同(tong)樣,天(tian)下(xia)得(de)治(zhi)的(de)(de)功勞(lao)也(ye)不是君(jun)王一人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de),而(er)是人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)有責(ze)。
天(tian)下(xia)(xia)人的心(xin)意(yi),也是(shi)醫世的根本。《太平經》中非常重(zhong)視“民(min)(min)”之(zhi)意(yi)。“帝王所以能安天(tian)下(xia)(xia)者,各因天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)心(xin)而安之(zhi),故得天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)心(xin)矣。民(min)(min)是(shi)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)的根本,是(shi)社會政治的根本。治國之(zhi)道,要(yao)(yao)以民(min)(min)為(wei)本,民(min)(min)是(shi)國家之(zhi)大急,君、臣(chen)、民(min)(min)的關系(xi)也是(shi)要(yao)(yao)“三合相通”的,好比天(tian)地陰陽交(jiao)感之(zhi)和氣,君象(xiang)(xiang)天(tian),象(xiang)(xiang)父;臣(chen)象(xiang)(xiang)地,象(xiang)(xiang)母;民(min)(min)象(xiang)(xiang)子(zi),象(xiang)(xiang)和,三者“共(gong)(gong)(gong)治成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)事,共(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)家,共(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)體(ti)”,缺一(yi)不可。
《太(tai)平經》醫世(shi)(shi)的(de)醫療(liao)路徑從根(gen)本(ben)(ben)上說是以(yi)身(shen)為(wei)本(ben)(ben),通(tong)過理身(shen)而達到治世(shi)(shi)的(de)目的(de)。得天心(xin)安民意,就要求在(zai)社(she)會生活中的(de)每個人都(dou)能夠各(ge)安其分,各(ge)司其職,正(zheng)心(xin)誠意。如果君、臣、民、父、子、弟(di)子,社(she)會中的(de)每個人都(dou)扮好(hao)自己的(de)角色(se),能夠治身(shen)調心(xin),以(yi)身(shen)為(wei)本(ben)(ben),以(yi)內(nei)正(zheng)外,那么整個社(she)會的(de)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)就會煥然一新,善(shan)氣(qi)(qi)愈(yu)發濃厚,惡氣(qi)(qi)自然消除,天下(xia)之氣(qi)(qi)得以(yi)調治,太(tai)平盛(sheng)世(shi)(shi)自然會實現。忽視了(le)吾身(shen)的(de)修養(yang),就等于(yu)放(fang)棄了(le)天下(xia)的(de)治理。
治身治國
治(zhi)身(shen)(shen)之(zhi)道,根據(ju)修練者的資質和稟賦,可以發(fa)揮(hui)治(zhi)病、長壽(shou)及成(cheng)仙三(san)個不層(ceng)次(ci)的功(gong)效。治(zhi)身(shen)(shen)為(wei)治(zhi)國(guo)之(zhi)本,精研治(zhi)身(shen)(shen)之(zhi)道,能除盡天地(di)萬物的災(zai)(zai)厄,其次(ci)再(zai)修治(zhi)國(guo)之(zhi)道,除去災(zai)(zai)禍(huo)而致(zhi)太平(ping)。這種(zhong)“身(shen)(shen)國(guo)并治(zhi)”的觀念,符合漢代(dai)的典型思維。治(zhi)國(guo)之(zhi)道,《太平(ping)經》強調(diao)了(le)(le)帝(di)王的主體作用。經中指(zhi)出, 帝(di)王當行(xing)道德, 棄(qi)刑禍(huo), 理政(zheng)應(ying)法天地(di)、順自(zi)然, 而不可失(shi)道而失(shi)天心。但僅(jin)僅(jin)只對帝(di)王要(yao)(yao)求是遠不夠的, 它還(huan)提出要(yao)(yao)有“賢(xian)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)” 的輔(fu)助。在有了(le)(le)明(ming)君(jun)(jun)和賢(xian)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)后, 還(huan)應(ying)以民(min)為(wei)本。要(yao)(yao)想國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)得(de)到良好的治(zhi)理, 君(jun)(jun)、臣(chen)(chen)(chen)、民(min)三(san)者都必須做好自(zi)身(shen)(shen)分內之(zhi)事, 亦即君(jun)(jun)要(yao)(yao)行(xing)道, 成(cheng)為(wei)明(ming)君(jun)(jun);臣(chen)(chen)(chen)要(yao)(yao)賢(xian)良, 成(cheng)為(wei)賢(xian)臣(chen)(chen)(chen);而民(min)則(ze)(ze)要(yao)(yao)視天下為(wei)己任, 服從治(zhi)理, 對君(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)和國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)負責。當這三(san)者達成(cheng)和諧一(yi)致(zhi)時, 則(ze)(ze)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)昌明(ming)、社會穩定、天下太平(ping)。
仙鬼之說
《太(tai)平經(jing)》構想的天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)界,其(qi)實是(shi)當(dang)時(shi)漢(han)朝政府(fu)的翻版,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)界有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)官(guan)府(fu)組(zu)織,神仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)間有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品級之(zhi)(zhi)分(fen),臣屬于天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)君(jun),按天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)君(jun)旨意行(xing)事,各司其(qi)職(zhi),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)考(kao)課制度(du),犯(fan)錯(cuo)要(yao)受(shou)(shou)處分(fen),凡(fan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)升仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)前,要(yao)受(shou)(shou)“保(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的教(jiao)導(dao),升仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)后若(ruo)犯(fan)錯(cuo),或無(wu)才(cai)無(wu)德,保(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)會(hui)連帶受(shou)(shou)罰。這種(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)制度(du),相當(dang)于漢(han)代政制中(zhong)察舉制度(du)。《太(tai)平經(jing)》認為人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的終極(ji)目(mu)標應是(shi)追(zhui)求成仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),但又有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)精英(ying)主義色彩,指出(chu)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)極(ji)少數有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)”的才(cai)能成仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。《太(tai)平經(jing)》亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)命(ming)(ming)(ming)定論色彩,能否成為神仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),主要(yao)視乎(hu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)以及(ji)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)資(zi)質,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)又有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資(zi)質的才(cai)可以成仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian);人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)不知道自(zi)己有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)的,只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)努(nu)力學道和(he)行(xing)善,這種(zhong)(zhong)觀念與(yu)基督新(xin)教(jiao)喀爾文派(pai)的上(shang)帝預(yu)選說相似(si)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)的人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),未出(chu)生(sheng)前姓名就(jiu)已著錄(lu)于仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)府(fu)的“錄(lu)籍”中(zhong);升天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)時(shi)日(ri)來臨時(shi),會(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神和(he)一位“保(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”下(xia)降(jiang),教(jiao)導(dao)他(ta)變形法術(shu),授與(yu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)藥,傳授天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)界的知識與(yu)戒(jie)條,年月已滿后才(cai)帶往天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)。沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)的人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),如果行(xing)善積德,也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一絲機會(hui)成為神仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),得到上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的同情和(he)恩賜;他(ta)可以先成為長壽之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),名字從(cong)“死籍”轉(zhuan)移(yi)到“壽曹”,天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)界仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)府(fu)中(zhong)若(ruo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)官(guan)職(zhi)空(kong)缺(que),就(jiu)能“補缺(que)”成仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),因此個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)由意志和(he)自(zi)我抉擇也(ye)是(shi)重要(yao)的。
《太平經》指出(chu)世(shi)間鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)會(hui)作祟,降(jiang)禍于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)生病。不過,鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)不會(hui)無緣無故害人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),只(zhi)是因為人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)罪惡過失,上天才會(hui)派遣(qian)他們來(lai)懲(cheng)罰世(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。天地隨時隨地都有(you)(you)鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)監視人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)一舉(ju)一動,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)體(ti)內也(ye)有(you)(you)鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)常(chang)駐。其中最重要的(de)是五臟神(shen),如果(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)邪(xie)念,行為失當,五臟神(shen)會(hui)向天廷稟告(gao),上天使(shi)會(hui)派鬼(gui)(gui)物入侵人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)。每個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)都有(you)(you)多(duo)個(ge)“身(shen)神(shen)”,主要部(bu)位和器官如頭腹、四肢(zhi)、五臟,都有(you)(you)神(shen)駐守(shou),如果(guo)神(shen)離開身(shen)體(ti),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)就(jiu)會(hui)生病,例如肝神(shen)離去會(hui)使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)“目不明”。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)惡念,胡言(yan)亂語,喜怒無常(chang),就(jiu)會(hui)“神(shen)游于外”,導致外邪(xie)入侵,使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)中邪(xie)。
政治社會
《太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)經》主(zhu)(zhu)張任用賢才,減(jian)輕刑罰,聽取民(min)意,反(fan)對剝(bo)削,多行救(jiu)濟,政(zheng)治(zhi)立場上(shang),維護五行中屬火德(de)的(de)漢(han)朝,強(qiang)調忠孝(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)道與尊卑貴賤的(de)秩序,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)必(bi)須服從(cong)帝(di)王,奴婢則要(yao)服從(cong)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),天災人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)禍(huo)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)臣民(min)而非(fei)帝(di)王的(de)罪責。《太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)經》所(suo)謂“太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)”,是(shi)指陰陽和順,國富(fu)民(min)安,社(she)(she)會(hui)公平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)無私。書中多次提及“太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)氣”將來臨,大德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)君將出現,神人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)因而下降。經中反(fan)映(ying)了(le)衣食(shi)不(bu)繼、常(chang)有(you)饑(ji)荒的(de)民(min)生(sheng)困難,但沒有(you)實際的(de)經濟政(zheng)策,只是(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)張遵從(cong)天師教令,上(shang)天就會(hui)降福,有(you)大豐收。富(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)要(yao)救(jiu)濟窮人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),若聚斂財富(fu),會(hui)使天地憤怒,五谷失收;另一方(fang)面,又斥責窮人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)懶惰,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)民(min)百(bai)姓愚昩無知(zhi),要(yao)接受教晦。有(you)學(xue)者(zhe)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)《太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)經》秉承(cheng)道家思(si)(si)想,社(she)(she)會(hui)思(si)(si)想與《老子》相似,有(you)學(xue)者(zhe)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)《太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)經》期望救(jiu)世主(zhu)(zhu)與烏托邦;也有(you)學(xue)者(zhe)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)《太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)經》不(bu)求救(jiu)世主(zhu)(zhu),只追求太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)時代(dai),對現存政(zheng)權無所(suo)威脅,經中的(de)“太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)”并非(fei)革(ge)命(ming)性(xing)的(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi),而是(shi)社(she)(she)會(hui)等級分明的(de)制度,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)都有(you)適當的(de)出身和職業(ye)。馬列主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)史家曾認(ren)為(wei)(wei)《太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)經》“揭露社(she)(she)會(hui)政(zheng)治(zhi)黑暗”,是(shi)“農民(min)革(ge)命(ming)的(de)理論著作”,也有(you)學(xue)者(zhe)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)其實代(dai)表(biao)了(le)地主(zhu)(zhu)階層(ceng)的(de)利益。
道德倫理
《太(tai)平(ping)經》在傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)應思想之上,提(ti)出(chu)“承(cheng)(cheng)負(fu)(fu)”之說,解釋為什么為惡(e)(e)不須受(shou)惡(e)(e)報(bao),為善(shan)(shan)反而(er)(er)會(hui)遭(zao)惡(e)(e)報(bao)。它(ta)可(ke)分(fen)為兩個(ge)層次, 即(ji)(ji)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)惡(e)(e)承(cheng)(cheng)負(fu)(fu)和社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)治亂(luan)承(cheng)(cheng)負(fu)(fu)。個(ge)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)惡(e)(e)承(cheng)(cheng)負(fu)(fu)取(qu)(qu)決于先(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功過(guo)。先(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)有(you)功, 人(ren)(ren)行惡(e)(e)還(huan)可(ke)得善(shan)(shan), 但(dan)(dan)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行惡(e)(e)會(hui)流及子(zi)(zi)孫(sun);而(er)(er)先(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)有(you)過(guo), 人(ren)(ren)行善(shan)(shan)反得惡(e)(e), 是(shi)(shi)躲不掉的(de)(de)(de)(de), 但(dan)(dan)子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)會(hui)得善(shan)(shan)報(bao)。同時, 人(ren)(ren)即(ji)(ji)使承(cheng)(cheng)負(fu)(fu)先(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)之過(guo), 但(dan)(dan)只要努(nu)力(li)(li)行善(shan)(shan),“能(neng)行大(da)功萬萬倍之, 先(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)雖有(you)余殃, 不能(neng)及此人(ren)(ren)也” 。 把個(ge)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)惡(e)(e)承(cheng)(cheng)負(fu)(fu)擴大(da)到社會(hui)運行的(de)(de)(de)(de)治亂(luan)承(cheng)(cheng)負(fu)(fu), 就可(ke)將衰(shuai)(shuai)亂(luan)之世的(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)成分(fen)析成兩個(ge)原因:“一是(shi)(shi)中古以來(lai)政綱之失的(de)(de)(de)(de)余殃;二是(shi)(shi)當(dang)世`君臣民失計' , 不能(neng)并(bing)力(li)(li)同心, 來(lai)斷(duan)滅承(cheng)(cheng)負(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)致(zhi)太(tai)平(ping), 從而(er)(er)使衰(shuai)(shuai)亂(luan)愈演愈烈(lie)。” 這即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)說東(dong)漢王朝若只認識(shi)到是(shi)(shi)前(qian)期政綱之失導致(zhi)了衰(shuai)(shuai)亂(luan), 而(er)(er)不采(cai)取(qu)(qu)一些強(qiang)有(you)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施來(lai)改(gai)變(bian)現狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話, 就只會(hui)更加的(de)(de)(de)(de)衰(shuai)(shuai)亂(luan)。
《太平(ping)經》譴責的惡(e)行(xing),包括不孝(xiao)順、侵害(hai)好人、誣告他人、劫掠(lve)財物、不敬老人、不敬鬼神(shen)、厚(hou)葬(zang)、隨意動土建(jian)筑。有學者認為(wei)承(cheng)負(fu)說受(shou)佛教(jiao)因果觀念影響,也有學者認為(wei)承(cheng)負(fu)說建(jian)立在民間(jian)信仰之(zhi)上,并非外來觀念。《太平(ping)經》或(huo)受(shou)佛教(jiao)影響,認為(wei)天道仁(ren)慈好生,但反(fan)對佛教(jiao)的行(xing)乞,批評僧人舍(she)棄父母,不娶妻而絕后。男女交合意義重大,可以使天地傳承(cheng)不絕,使宇宙(zhou)永恒(heng),是圣(sheng)人治理國家的要(yao)事(shi)。
《太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)》是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國第(di)一(yi)(yi)部道(dao)教(jiao)經(jing)(jing)典,東漢時地(di)位崇高,是(shi)(shi)漢末太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)道(dao)信奉(feng)的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)書(shu),官府(fu)起初批評《太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)》“妖妄不經(jing)(jing)”,后(hou)來漢靈(ling)帝卻贊同此經(jing)(jing)。在(zai)六朝和唐(tang)代(dai),《太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)》成為(wei)道(dao)教(jiao)重要經(jing)(jing)典之一(yi)(yi)。南(nan)朝道(dao)士編集道(dao)書(shu),以(yi)《太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)》構(gou)成道(dao)經(jing)(jing)七部“三洞四輔”中(zhong)的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)部,以(yi)后(hou)歷代(dai)道(dao)藏(zang)都(dou)收錄(lu)此經(jing)(jing)。《太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)》一(yi)(yi)度被視(shi)作讖書(shu),太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)道(dao)用以(yi)發動革命推翻(fan)王朝,陳宣帝則(ze)奉(feng)為(wei)圣書(shu),藉(jie)以(yi)擁護王朝;一(yi)(yi)般(ban)士大夫則(ze)不太(tai)(tai)重視(shi)此書(shu),范曄(ye)指《太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)》“以(yi)陰(yin)陽五(wu)行為(wei)家,而多巫覡(xi)雜語”。《太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)》思想(xiang)其實并(bing)無新意,無創(chuang)新之處(chu),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)固有(you)觀(guan)念,卻能整合各(ge)種(zhong)道(dao)教(jiao)思想(xiang)與(yu)神仙(xian)方術,開創(chuang)一(yi)(yi)套更有(you)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)神仙(xian)理論,為(wei)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)道(dao)奉(feng)為(wei)主要典籍,太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)道(dao)治病,教(jiao)人跪拜認(ren)罪“首過(guo)”,以(yi)符水和咒語治病,都(dou)本于《太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)》。經(jing)(jing)中(zhong)許(xu)多觀(guan)念,包括(kuo)上章、首過(guo)、身神、承負等,亦為(wei)后(hou)世道(dao)教(jiao)所承繼;經(jing)(jing)文發展了(le)“存思”與(yu)“守一(yi)(yi)”的(de)(de)冥想(xiang)法(fa),使道(dao)教(jiao)的(de)(de)冥想(xiang)法(fa)更有(you)系(xi)統(tong);經(jing)(jing)中(zhong)指出犯錯神仙(xian)會被貶下凡,則(ze)成為(wei)后(hou)世謫仙(xian)傳說的(de)(de)源頭。
卷數
《太(tai)平(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)》的(de)(de)(de)卷(juan)(juan)數,傳說(shuo)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)。此書(shu)最早見于(yu)著錄,是東晉葛洪(hong)《抱樸子·遐覽篇》所(suo)(suo)載道教書(shu)目,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)有《太(tai)平(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)》50卷(juan)(juan),又有《甲乙經(jing)(jing)》170卷(juan)(juan)。《太(tai)平(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)》是其(qi)(qi)本(ben)名,《甲乙經(jing)(jing)》則因(yin)此書(shu)分為甲乙丙(bing)丁(ding)等10部而得名。至于(yu)50卷(juan)(juan)和(he)170卷(juan)(juan)的(de)(de)(de)卷(juan)(juan)數所(suo)(suo)以不(bu)(bu)同,料想當時就有兩種傳本(ben)。現在(zai)《道藏》中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)殘本(ben)《太(tai)平(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)》共為67卷(juan)(juan)宗,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)還包括《太(tai)平(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)鈔(chao)》10卷(juan)(juan)。《太(tai)平(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)》的(de)(de)(de)實際卷(juan)(juan)數,較多的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法為170卷(juan)(juan)。近人王(wang)明(ming)先(xian)生根(gen)據《太(tai)平(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)鈔(chao)》及其(qi)(qi)他27種引書(shu)加以校(xiao)補,編為《太(tai)平(ping)(ping)經(jing)(jing)合校(xiao)》,基本(ben)上恢復了170卷(juan)(juan)的(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)廓(kuo)。此書(shu)于(yu)1960年(nian)2月中(zhong)華書(shu)局出版,成為通行(xing)本(ben)。
流傳
《太(tai)平(ping)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》的流傳(chuan),可以分為(wei)兩個(ge)階段:前(qian)一階段,是在(zai)張角領導黃(huang)(huang)巾起(qi)義(yi)的太(tai)平(ping)道興起(qi)之(zhi)前(qian),這部(bu)書(shu)一向(xiang)秘密流傳(chuan)。在(zai)歷史上可考的傳(chuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)人(ren)(ren)有(you)甘(gan)忠可、夏賀(he)良(liang)、帛和(he)、于(yu)吉(ji)、宮崇等人(ren)(ren),其中(zhong)最重要的當然還是于(yu)吉(ji),他(ta)是受經(jing)(jing)(jing)和(he)演(yan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)的重要人(ren)(ren)物。自從(cong)黃(huang)(huang)巾起(qi)義(yi)失敗之(zhi)后(hou),此書(shu)應當在(zai)民間(jian)還有(you)流傳(chuan),因(yin)為(wei)《抱樸子·覽篇》中(zhong)曾有(you)著(zhu)錄,后(hou)一階段,即《太(tai)平(ping)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》的再度出現,是在(zai)南北朝(chao)時期,《道學傳(chuan)達室(shi)》鄭十五說:梁初,昆侖山渚平(ping)沙(sha)中(zhong)有(you)三士(shi)漆笥,內有(you)黃(huang)(huang)素(su)寫干君(即于(yu)吉(ji))所出《太(tai)平(ping)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》三部(bu)。……(桓)因(yin)就(jiu)村人(ren)(ren)求(qiu)分一部(bu),還都供(gong)養(yang)先呈陶(tao)(tao)(弘景(jing))君。陶(tao)(tao)君云:“此真于(yu)君古(gu)本(ben)。”又(you)《太(tai)平(ping)經(jing)(jing)(jing)復文序》中(zhong)也說:“南朝(chao)喪亂,《太(tai)平(ping)》不(bu)復行。暨梁,陶(tao)(tao)先生弟子桓法 ……于(yu)溪谷間(jian)得(de)《太(tai)平(ping)》本(ben)文。”從(cong)此《太(tai)平(ping)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》再傳(chuan)于(yu)世,而且在(zai)道教中(zhong)保(bao)存下來。
此(ci)后道(dao)士還在講習此(ci)書,比如南北朝陳(chen)宣帝時的(de)名(ming)道(dao)周智響(xiang)(xiang)。《太平(ping)經(jing)復文序》中說:“周智響(xiang)(xiang)善于《太平(ping)經(jing)》義,常自(zi)講習,時號太平(ping)法(fa)師(shi)。”
這部書一直(zhi)流傳到(dao)宋元(yuan)(yuan)時(shi)(shi)代,還(huan)是完整不缺的,《宋史·藝文(wen)(wen)志》和元(yuan)(yuan)馬端臨《文(wen)(wen)南通考》中(zhong)都曾有(you)著(zhu)錄(lu)(lu)(lu),而且還(huan)都是完整的170卷。《太(tai)平(ping)經(jing)》開始殘缺,大概是在“至元(yuan)(yuan)毀(hui)藏(zang)(zang)之后,明代已(yi)然不全,雖然白(bai)云(yun)霽”。《道藏(zang)(zang)目錄(lu)(lu)(lu)詳注》著(zhu)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)仍為170卷,但是《正1到(dao)第(di)10卷已(yi)非(fei)太(tai)平(ping)經(jing)》原文(wen)(wen),而為《太(tai)平(ping)經(jing)鈔》。清代賀龍驤(xiang)刊印(yin)《欽定(ding)道藏(zang)(zang)全書總目》時(shi)(shi),《太(tai)平(ping)經(jing)》仍存(cun)119卷宗,他在《國朝坊(fang)道書目錄(lu)(lu)(lu)》之中(zhong)還(huan)著(zhu)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)了(le)《道藏(zang)(zang)》以(yi)外(wai)的坊(fang)刻本(ben)《太(tai)平(ping)經(jing)》百余卷宗,可異今已(yi)不見。