《清靜(jing)經(jing)(jing)》,全(quan)稱《太上(shang)老君(jun)說常清靜(jing)經(jing)(jing)》。一卷。作者不詳,是(shi)道教(jiao)(jiao)煉養術重要(yao)資(zi)料之(zhi)(zhi)一。道教(jiao)(jiao)稱老君(jun)西(xi)(xi)游龜臺之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),為西(xi)(xi)王(wang)(wang)母(mu)說常清靜(jing)經(jing)(jing)。后經(jing)(jing)仙人(ren)轉(zhuan)傳(chuan),為葛玄(xuan)所得,筆(bi)錄(lu)(lu)而傳(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)于世。即葛玄(xuan)曰:“吾(wu)昔受之(zhi)(zhi)于東華帝君(jun),東華帝君(jun)受之(zhi)(zhi)于金闕帝君(jun),金闕帝君(jun)受之(zhi)(zhi)于西(xi)(xi)王(wang)(wang)母(mu)。西(xi)(xi)王(wang)(wang)母(mu)皆(jie)口口相傳(chuan),不記文字(zi),吾(wu)今于世書(shu)而錄(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)。”因而《清靜(jing)經(jing)(jing)》被認(ren)為是(shi)三國(guo)時(shi)葛玄(xuan)依托(tuo)之(zhi)(zhi)作。
老君曰:大道(dao)(dao)無形,生育天(tian)地(di)(di)(di);大道(dao)(dao)無情,運行(xing)日月;大道(dao)(dao)無名,長養萬物;吾不知其名,強(qiang)名曰道(dao)(dao)。夫道(dao)(dao)者:有清(qing)有濁(zhuo),有動(dong)有靜;天(tian)清(qing)地(di)(di)(di)濁(zhuo),天(tian)動(dong)地(di)(di)(di)靜;男清(qing)女濁(zhuo),男動(dong)女靜;降(jiang)本(ben)流末,而生萬物。清(qing)者,濁(zhuo)之源,動(dong)者,靜之基(ji);人能(neng)常清(qing)靜,天(tian)地(di)(di)(di)悉皆歸。
夫人神(shen)(shen)好清(qing),而心(xin)(xin)擾之;人心(xin)(xin)好靜(jing),而欲牽之。常(chang)能遣其(qi)(qi)欲,而心(xin)(xin)自靜(jing);澄其(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin),而神(shen)(shen)自清(qing);自然六欲不(bu)生(sheng),三毒(du)消滅(mie)。所(suo)(suo)以不(bu)能者,為心(xin)(xin)未(wei)澄,欲未(wei)遣也;能遣之者:內觀其(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin),心(xin)(xin)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin);外觀其(qi)(qi)形,形無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)形;遠觀其(qi)(qi)物(wu),物(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)物(wu);三者既悟(wu),唯見於空。觀空亦空,空無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)空;所(suo)(suo)空既無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu);無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)既無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),湛(zhan)然常(chang)寂。寂無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)寂,欲豈(qi)能生(sheng);欲既不(bu)生(sheng),即是真(zhen)(zhen)靜(jing)。真(zhen)(zhen)常(chang)應(ying)物(wu),真(zhen)(zhen)常(chang)得(de)(de)性;常(chang)應(ying)常(chang)靜(jing),常(chang)清(qing)靜(jing)矣(yi)。如此清(qing)靜(jing),漸入(ru)(ru)真(zhen)(zhen)道(dao)(dao);既入(ru)(ru)真(zhen)(zhen)道(dao)(dao),名(ming)為得(de)(de)道(dao)(dao);雖名(ming)得(de)(de)道(dao)(dao),實無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)得(de)(de);為化眾生(sheng),名(ming)為得(de)(de)道(dao)(dao);能悟(wu)之者,可傳圣道(dao)(dao)。
老(lao)君曰:上士(shi)無(wu)爭,下士(shi)好(hao)爭;上德不德,下德執德;執著(zhu)(zhu)之者(zhe),不名道(dao)德。眾生(sheng)(sheng)所以不得(de)真(zhen)道(dao)者(zhe),為有妄心(xin);既有妄心(xin),即(ji)驚(jing)其(qi)神;既驚(jing)其(qi)神,即(ji)著(zhu)(zhu)萬物;既著(zhu)(zhu)萬物,即(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)貪求(qiu);既生(sheng)(sheng)貪求(qiu),即(ji)是(shi)煩惱(nao);煩惱(nao)妄想,憂苦(ku)身心(xin);便遭濁辱,流(liu)浪生(sheng)(sheng)死(si);常沉苦(ku)海,永失真(zhen)道(dao)。真(zhen)常之道(dao),悟者(zhe)自(zi)得(de);得(de)悟道(dao)者(zhe),常清(qing)靜矣(yi)!
仙(xian)人葛玄(xuan)曰:吾得真道,曾誦(song)此(ci)經(jing)萬(wan)遍(bian)。此(ci)經(jing)是天人所習,不傳(chuan)下士(shi)。吾昔受(shou)(shou)之(zhi)於(wu)東(dong)華帝(di)君(jun)(jun),東(dong)華帝(di)君(jun)(jun)受(shou)(shou)之(zhi)於(wu)金(jin)(jin)闕帝(di)君(jun)(jun),金(jin)(jin)闕帝(di)君(jun)(jun)受(shou)(shou)之(zhi)於(wu)西(xi)王(wang)(wang)母,西(xi)王(wang)(wang)母皆口(kou)口(kou)相傳(chuan),不記文(wen)字。吾今於(wu)世,書而錄之(zhi)。上士(shi)悟之(zhi),升(sheng)為天官;中士(shi)修之(zhi),南宮列仙(xian);下士(shi)得之(zhi),在世長年。游行三(san)界,升(sheng)入(ru)金(jin)(jin)門。
左玄真(zhen)人(ren)曰:學道(dao)之士(shi),持誦此經者,即得十天善神,擁(yong)護其身(shen) [6] 。然後玉符保神,金液(ye)煉(lian)形。形神俱妙,與道(dao)合真(zhen)。
正一真(zhen)人曰:人家有此經,悟解之(zhi)者(zhe),災障不(bu)干,眾圣護門(men)。神升上(shang)界,朝(chao)拜高真(zhen)。功滿德就,相感帝君。誦(song)持(chi)不(bu)退,身騰紫云。
(1)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)說(shuo)常(chang)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing):全稱《太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)說(shuo)常(chang)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)妙經(jing)(jing)》,或《太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)說(shuo)常(chang)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)真(zhen)經(jing)(jing)》,又(you)稱《太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)混元(yuan)上(shang)(shang)德皇帝說(shuo)常(chang)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)》,簡稱《清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)》、《常(chang)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)》。作(zuo)者不(bu)詳。此經(jing)(jing)主(zhu)要闡述(shu)“如(ru)何清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing),漸入真(zhen)道(dao)”。“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)”,道(dao)教徒(tu)對“老(lao)(lao)(lao)子”的尊稱。“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)”為(wei)大之意,“上(shang)(shang)”為(wei)尊之意;高(gao)真(zhen)莫先眾圣共尊,“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)”系道(dao)門最(zui)高(gao)之辭,用(yong)以(yi)稱呼其神仙(xian)體(ti)系中品位極高(gao)之神,故為(wei)宗(zong)祖(zu),太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)是大道(dao)的另(ling)一尊號,太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)就是道(dao),道(dao)就是太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)。
老即壽,君(jun)是(shi)尊號,道(dao)(dao)清德極,所以稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)。說明(ming)老君(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)眾圣之(zhi)祖(zu),真(zhen)神(shen)之(zhi)宗。一切(qie)萬物(wu),莫不皆因(yin)(yin)老君(jun)所制,故為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宗祖(zu)也。常為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恒也。清為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan),靜(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)炁(qi),經(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法。一則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圣人(ren)之(zhi)徑路,二則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)仙的梯(ti)凳。凡學道(dao)(dao)的人(ren),都因(yin)(yin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)戒而成真(zhen)圣。圣人(ren)沒有不借經(jing)(jing)(jing)而成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圣人(ren),不憑借元(yuan)炁(qi)而成道(dao)(dao)的。《清靜(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》在道(dao)(dao)教中占有重要(yao)的位置,歷(li)來為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此作(zuo)注者眾多。《玄門日(ri)誦早晚(wan)功課經(jing)(jing)(jing)》把(ba)《清靜(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》放在眾經(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)首(shou),每(mei)日(ri)持誦,可知(zhi)該經(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)道(dao)(dao)教徒修(xiu)持的一部非常重要(yao)的上乘經(jing)(jing)(jing)典。每(mei)每(mei)朗誦此經(jing)(jing)(jing)“夫(fu)人(ren)神(shen)好清,而心擾之(zhi);人(ren)心好靜(jing),而欲牽之(zhi)”。“遣其欲而心自(zi)(zi)靜(jing),澄其心而神(shen)自(zi)(zi)清”。自(zi)(zi)然(ran)而然(ran)就能“清靜(jing)”、“漸入(ru)真(zhen)道(dao)(dao)”。
(2)老君(jun)曰:大(da)道(dao)無(wu)形,生育(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di):老君(jun),太上(shang)老君(jun)的簡稱(cheng)。曰,稱(cheng)、說。大(da)道(dao),道(dao)是(shi)至高無(wu)上(shang)的,是(shi)在沒有(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之前,有(you)(you)一(yi)個沒有(you)(you)形狀的最(zui)高能源,《道(dao)德經》中(zhong)說她(ta)“獨立而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)改,周行(xing)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)殆(dai)”。世間萬(wan)(wan)物都(dou)是(shi)由(you)她(ta)所生。《道(dao)德經》中(zhong)說:“道(dao)生一(yi),一(yi)生二(er),二(er)生三。三生萬(wan)(wan)物。”因天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)萬(wan)(wan)物皆為“道(dao)”的化生,故注稱(cheng)“大(da)道(dao)”。她(ta)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)可名狀之物,而(er)(er)又大(da)而(er)(er)無(wu)外,小(xiao)而(er)(er)無(wu)內,杳(yao)杳(yao)冥冥,其中(zhong)有(you)(you)精,混(hun)混(hun)沌沌,分為陰陽。無(wu)形,視(shi)之不(bu)(bu)見。生育(yu),育(yu),養(yang)育(yu),長養(yang)陰陽,所以叫(jiao)生育(yu),陽為清,上(shang)升為天(tian)(tian)(tian),陰為濁,下降為地(di)(di)(di)(di),此言大(da)道(dao)是(shi)永恒不(bu)(bu)滅的,天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)萬(wan)(wan)物,都(dou)是(shi)從她(ta)而(er)(er)生,由(you)她(ta)所養(yang),最(zui)后由(you)她(ta)化解,她(ta)是(shi)萬(wan)(wan)有(you)(you)之源,萬(wan)(wan)化之本(ben)。所以說她(ta)生育(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。
(3)大(da)道無情,運行(xing)日月:大(da)道,至高無上,極尊至貴的(de)(de)道。無情,沒有偏(pian)愛(ai)及私情。運行(xing),旋轉運行(xing),此處指化生萬物(wu)。日月,指日月星(xing)辰及世間(jian)萬物(wu)。此句言(yan)人有喜、怒、哀、樂等表現,都是從一個“情”字中(zhong)而來(lai),然而不可(ke)名狀的(de)(de)大(da)道,雖然萬物(wu)都在(zai)她(ta)的(de)(de)包容之中(zhong),但她(ta)則是一視同仁(ren),沒有半點偏(pian)愛(ai)和(he)私護,在(zai)大(da)宇宙中(zhong)旋轉運行(xing),沒有止息,也沒有偏(pian)差,試想這種充沛的(de)(de)能(neng)力及行(xing)為(wei),是誰給她(ta)的(de)(de)呢?那(nei)就是沒有一分一毫私情的(de)(de)大(da)道。
(4)大(da)(da)道(dao)無名(ming)(ming),長養萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu):無名(ming)(ming),是(shi)指(zhi)無形無象的(de)混(hun)元(yuan)大(da)(da)道(dao),因無形無象,所以(yi)叫無名(ming)(ming)。《道(dao)德經》云:“道(dao)常(chang)無名(ming)(ming)。”無名(ming)(ming)指(zhi)有功(gong)而(er)不(bu)為名(ming)(ming)的(de)意思。《道(dao)德經》又云:“大(da)(da)道(dao)泛兮,其可左右。萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)恃之以(yi)生而(er)不(bu)辭,功(gong)成而(er)不(bu)有。”不(bu)有指(zhi)不(bu)為已有,也是(shi)指(zhi)無名(ming)(ming)之意。長養,生長養育。萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu),指(zhi)世(shi)間萬(wan)(wan)事萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。此句言大(da)(da)道(dao)自生萬(wan)(wan)事萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)而(er)不(bu)為已有的(de)博(bo)大(da)(da)胸(xiong)懷(huai)和無私。
(5)吾不知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming),強(qiang)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)道(dao)(dao):吾,即我(wo)。不知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming),不知(zhi)道(dao)(dao)她的(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng),如何稱(cheng)謂她。強(qiang)名(ming)(ming)(ming),勉強(qiang)稱(cheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。此句言大道(dao)(dao)是萬(wan)事萬(wan)物(wu)產生(sheng)、發展、滅(mie)亡(wang)的(de)根源,就連太上(shang)老君(jun)都不知(zhi)道(dao)(dao)怎么稱(cheng)呼她,給她定稱(cheng),就勉強(qiang)稱(cheng)之為(wei)“道(dao)(dao)”。《道(dao)(dao)德經》云:“有物(wu)混成,先天(tian)地(di)生(sheng)。寂(ji)兮(xi)寥兮(xi),獨立而不改,周(zhou)行而不殆。可以為(wei)天(tian)下(xia)母。吾不知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming),字(zi)之曰(yue)道(dao)(dao)。”
此段總的是(shi)(shi)(shi)講,太上老君教人(ren)知(zhi)道(dao)(dao)什么(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)事(shi)萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)的根源(yuan),她(ta)是(shi)(shi)(shi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)形(xing)狀、沒(mei)有(you)(you)情(qing)欲(yu)、沒(mei)有(you)(you)名字的大道(dao)(dao)之體(ti),她(ta)是(shi)(shi)(shi)天地(di)萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)的運作長養的惟一(yi)操作者(zhe)(zhe)。沒(mei)有(you)(you)她(ta),世界(jie)將毫無(wu)(wu)生機(ji)可言,凡是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)智慧(hui)的人(ren)士,應當觀(guan)察她(ta)的永恒常(chang)存(cun),向她(ta)學(xue)習。一(yi)要(yao)學(xue)習她(ta)的無(wu)(wu)形(xing)。“外(wai)其(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)而(er)身(shen)(shen)修(xiu),忘其(qi)(qi)形(xing)而(er)形(xing)存(cun)”。“吾(wu)(wu)所(suo)以有(you)(you)大患者(zhe)(zhe),為(wei)吾(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)身(shen)(shen),及(ji)吾(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)身(shen)(shen),吾(wu)(wu)又何患”。二要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)情(qing),無(wu)(wu)情(qing)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)念,就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)七情(qing)六欲(yu),心(xin)地(di)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)清靜,本(ben)性才能(neng)(neng)(neng)永住(zhu)。第三(san)要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)名。萬(wan)(wan)事(shi)萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)從無(wu)(wu)名中(zhong)生出,修(xiu)行(xing)的人(ren),如果能(neng)(neng)(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)舍去有(you)(you)形(xing)之身(shen)(shen),忘掉肉體(ti)之我,即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大道(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)形(xing)之功;能(neng)(neng)(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)念不(bu)動(dong),心(xin)地(di)圓滿無(wu)(wu)缺,即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大道(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)情(qing)之功。能(neng)(neng)(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)這些,在你的性海中(zhong)無(wu)(wu)一(yi)物(wu)(wu)可思,無(wu)(wu)一(yi)事(shi)可言。達到(dao)(dao)不(bu)可名狀的元始先天境界(jie),即(ji)有(you)(you)無(wu)(wu)名的大道(dao)(dao)之體(ti)了,到(dao)(dao)此則萬(wan)(wan)福并致,圓滿無(wu)(wu)缺,常(chang)此先天大道(dao)(dao)必然有(you)(you)成了。
(6)夫道(dao)者,有(you)(you)(you)(you)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),有(you)(you)(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)靜(jing)(jing)。天(tian)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)地(di)(di)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),天(tian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)地(di)(di)靜(jing)(jing)。男(nan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)女(nv)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),男(nan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)女(nv)靜(jing)(jing)。降本流(liu)末,而生(sheng)萬物:夫,發語詞。清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)為(wei)天(tian),正陽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炁,上升為(wei)天(tian)。濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)為(wei)地(di)(di),正陰(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炁,下(xia)結為(wei)地(di)(di)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),如宇(yu)宙中有(you)(you)(you)(you)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)水就有(you)(you)(you)(you)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)水一樣。動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)態。靜(jing)(jing),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靜(jing)(jing)態。有(you)(you)(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)靜(jing)(jing),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)靜(jing)(jing)。天(tian)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)而清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。地(di)(di)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)凝而濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)。天(tian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)地(di)(di)靜(jing)(jing),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)地(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)靜(jing)(jing)。男(nan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),男(nan)子有(you)(you)(you)(you)神炁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。女(nv)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),女(nv)子有(you)(you)(you)(you)敗血之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)。男(nan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),男(nan)子好動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。女(nv)靜(jing)(jing),女(nv)子好靜(jing)(jing)。降本,歸于根本。流(liu)末,返于末端(duan)。此句(ju)說:道(dao)分清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)喻,男(nan)女(nv)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機,清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li),男(nan)女(nv)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong),動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機,萬物本末之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由。
(7)清(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),動(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)靜之(zhi)(zhi)基(ji):源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)頭。基(ji),基(ji)礎、根本。清(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),動(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)靜之(zhi)(zhi)基(ji),指清(qing)(qing)、濁(zhuo)(zhuo)、動(dong)、靜乃(nai)相(xiang)對之(zhi)(zhi)態(tai),有(you)(you)晴天就有(you)(you)陰天,有(you)(you)生(sheng)就有(you)(you)死,兩(liang)者(zhe)(zhe)相(xiang)互轉化的(de)運動(dong),才(cai)有(you)(you)生(sheng)生(sheng)不(bu)息的(de)大道運行。
(8)人(ren)能常清靜,天地悉(xi)皆歸(gui):此句言學仙之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),能堅守(shou)于至道(dao),一(yi)切萬物(wu)自(zi)然歸(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)。經云:“江(jiang)河淮海,非欲于魚鱉蛟龍,魚鱉蛟龍自(zi)來歸(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)。人(ren)能清虛寡欲,無(wu)為非于至道(dao),至道(dao)自(zi)來歸(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)于人(ren)。但(dan)能守(shou)太和元炁,體道(dao)合真,萬物(wu)悉(xi)歸(gui)耳。”
此(ci)段總(zong)述(shu)了(le),所謂大道的(de)造化,乃是(shi)(shi)大道中自然而然大道無形(xing)的(de)運(yun)作,絲毫(hao)沒有一點自私的(de)作為,這樣(yang)才能做到“大道之行也,天(tian)(tian)下為公”的(de)境界。清、濁(zhuo)、動、靜(jing)、天(tian)(tian)、地(di)、男、女,萬事萬物的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化化,由(you)本到末的(de)運(yun)行,永不停止(zhi),人在其境,如(ru)果(guo)迷(mi)于(yu)其中,隨波(bo)逐流(liu),便是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死流(liu)浪!如(ru)果(guo)放下身心,合于(yu)大道的(de)清靜(jing)無為,便是(shi)(shi)道德崇高的(de)人了(le)。
(9)夫人(ren)神(shen)(shen)好清(qing),而(er)(er)心(xin)擾之(zhi);人(ren)心(xin)好靜(jing),而(er)(er)欲(yu)(yu)(yu)牽(qian)之(zhi):神(shen)(shen),此處指人(ren)的(de)(de)元(yuan)(yuan)神(shen)(shen)本性(xing),來(lai)自無極中的(de)(de)真陽之(zhi)靈。心(xin),元(yuan)(yuan)炁(qi)結成的(de)(de)東(dong)西,圣(sheng)人(ren)云:“聲(sheng)色不(bu)止(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)不(bu)清(qing),思慮(lv)不(bu)止(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)不(bu)寧(ning),心(xin)不(bu)寧(ning)兮(xi)神(shen)(shen)不(bu)靈,神(shen)(shen)不(bu)寧(ning)兮(xi)道不(bu)成。”七情(qing)六欲(yu)(yu)(yu),是識神(shen)(shen)著了外境而(er)(er)生之(zhi)貪念,元(yuan)(yuan)炁(qi)所(suo)結成之(zhi)心(xin),本來(lai)也是好靜(jing),但貪欲(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)念一起(qi),牽(qian)動(dong)一心(xin),就不(bu)再(zai)平靜(jing)了。此句(ju)言人(ren)的(de)(de)心(xin)神(shen)(shen)本來(lai)清(qing)靜(jing),都(dou)是因世欲(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)事(shi)干擾,而(er)(er)使之(zhi)不(bu)清(qing)靜(jing)。
(10)常(chang)能遣其欲(yu),而心(xin)自靜,澄(cheng)其心(xin)而神自清:遣,去除。澄(cheng),澄(cheng)清。此句(ju)言(yan)人(ren)能去除七情六(liu)欲(yu),內(nei)守元和自然(ran)之炁,內(nei)心(xin)自然(ran)而然(ran)就會(hui)安(an)靜,七情六(liu)欲(yu)就不能存(cun)在。古仙云(yun):“欲(yu)從心(xin)起,息從心(xin)定,心(xin)息相依,息調(diao)心(xin)靜。”
(11)自然(ran)(ran)六欲(yu)(yu)不生(sheng),三(san)(san)毒(du)(du)消(xiao)滅:六欲(yu)(yu),指六根,六根指眼(yan)、耳、口、鼻、心(xin)、意。欲(yu)(yu),染著之貌,情愛之喻。觀境而染,謂之欲(yu)(yu)。所以(yi)眼(yan)見耳聞(wen),意知(zhi)心(xin)覺(jue)。世上之人如(ru)果(guo)能(neng)斷(duan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)情,去其(qi)(qi)(qi)欲(yu)(yu),澄其(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin),忘其(qi)(qi)(qi)慮,而安其(qi)(qi)(qi)神,那么(me)六欲(yu)(yu)自然(ran)(ran)而然(ran)(ran)就會(hui)消(xiao)滅不能(neng)存(cun)在。三(san)(san)毒(du)(du)為三(san)(san)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),上尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)彭琚、中尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)彭瓚、下尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)彭矯。上尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)好華飾,中尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)好滋味(wei),下尸(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)好淫(yin)欲(yu)(yu)。人若(ruo)能(neng)斷(duan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)華飾,遠離滋味(wei),絕其(qi)(qi)(qi)淫(yin)欲(yu)(yu),去此三(san)(san)事(shi),就能(neng)使毒(du)(du)消(xiao)滅,三(san)(san)毒(du)(du)既滅,就能(neng)神如(ru)炁暢(chang),自然(ran)(ran)清(qing)靜(jing)。
(12)所(suo)以不(bu)(bu)能(neng)者,為心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)未(wei)(wei)澄,欲未(wei)(wei)遣也(ye):所(suo)以不(bu)(bu)能(neng)者,所(suo)以不(bu)(bu)能(neng)夠做到(dao)的,指(zhi)人心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)被(bei)名(ming)利、聲色、滋味等所(suo)動,性亂情惑(huo)。為心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)未(wei)(wei)澄,指(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)澄清。欲未(wei)(wei)遣也(ye),指(zhi)欲不(bu)(bu)能(neng)去除。此句(ju)言人心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)迷(mi)惑(huo)未(wei)(wei)斷,心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)有所(suo)染,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)窮盡妙理。
(13)能(neng)(neng)遣之者,內(nei)觀(guan)(guan)其(qi)心(xin),心(xin)無(wu)其(qi)心(xin):人(ren)能(neng)(neng)斷情(qing)、絕(jue)貪、去欲,即無(wu)三(san)毒(du)之害(hai),使(shi)心(xin)處于(yu)形內(nei),不能(neng)(neng)夠從外形上看到(dao)(dao)心(xin)內(nei)世界(jie),心(xin)無(wu)其(qi)心(xin)。即無(wu)心(xin)可觀(guan)(guan),無(wu)心(xin)可觀(guan)(guan)則無(wu)所(suo)用,無(wu)所(suo)修。就達到(dao)(dao)清靜之道了。
(14)外觀其(qi)形(xing),形(xing)無(wu)(wu)其(qi)形(xing):形(xing)由心主(zhu)宰,心由形(xing)表現(xian)出來。形(xing)無(wu)(wu)主(zhu)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)安(an)靜,心沒有(you)形(xing)表現(xian)出來就不(bu)(bu)(bu)存在,心處(chu)于內,形(xing)見于外,內外相(xiang)承,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可相(xiang)離。凡(fan)夫但知矜貴(gui)此身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen), 而(er)(er)惡大患(huan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)知大患(huan)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)我(wo)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),多求資養,終歸滅壞(huai),故(gu)(gu)貴(gui)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)貴(gui)患(huan),惡患(huan)即(ji)(ji) 可惡身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),為(wei)(wei)(wei)貴(gui)與大患(huan),俱(ju)以身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)本,故(gu)(gu)言若也(ye)。只(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)所(suo),以有(you)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)患(huan),身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)既無(wu)(wu)矣,患(huan)豈有(you)焉,故(gu)(gu)我(wo)無(wu)(wu)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),患(huan)將安(an)托。所(suo)言無(wu)(wu)者,坐忘喪我(wo),隳體離形(xing),即(ji)(ji)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)無(wu)(wu)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),無(wu)(wu)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)非是(shi)滅壞(huai),而(er)(er)稱無(wu)(wu)也(ye)。故(gu)(gu)貴(gui)以身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)下(xia),若可寄(ji)天(tian)(tian)下(xia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)知身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是(shi)大患(huan),矜而(er)(er)貴(gui)之(zhi),自貴(gui)其(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),恒欲陵物(wu),如此之(zhi)人(ren),適可暫(zan)寓於世間,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得久視於天(tian)(tian)下(xia)。愛(ai)(ai)以身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)下(xia),若可托天(tian)(tian)下(xia),寄(ji)是(shi)暫(zan)時寄(ji)寓,托謂永相(xiang)附托,言能(neng)保愛(ai)(ai)己身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)輕馳騖(wu)。謙以自牧,雌而(er)(er)順物(wu)者,則可以托化(hua)於天(tian)(tian)下(xia),故(gu)(gu)德經云自愛(ai)(ai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)自貴(gui)。獨不(bu)(bu)(bu)以生為(wei)(wei)(wei)生者,是(shi)善能(neng)攝(she)衛(wei)貴(gui)生之(zhi)人(ren)也(ye)。
(15)遠觀其(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),物(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)其(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu):物(wu)(wu)(wu),道之(zhi)妙用,非世間的(de)一般物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti),五(wu)行造(zao)化謂(wei)之(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),塊需然有凝謂(wei)之(zhi)形(xing)。凡是有形(xing)質的(de),都是后天(tian)之(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),物(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)其(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),謂(wei)之(zhi)真,真空(kong)也(ye)。《道德經》云:“道之(zhi)為(wei)物(wu)(wu)(wu),惟(wei)恍(huang)惟(wei)惚(hu)。”又曰:“恍(huang)兮(xi)惚(hu)兮(xi),其(qi)中有物(wu)(wu)(wu)。”此句言修(xiu)道之(zhi)士,應當認取先天(tian)恍(huang)惚(hu)中的(de)真物(wu)(wu)(wu),而放(fang)下后天(tian)有形(xing)的(de)假物(wu)(wu)(wu),如此才能修(xiu)道成真。
(16)三(san)者(zhe)既悟,惟見于空(kong):三(san)者(zhe),指心(xin)(xin)、形(xing)、物。空(kong),道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)用(yong)。此句言凡(fan)夫俗(su)子,都(dou)執著身、心(xin)(xin)、外(wai)物三(san)種東西,而學道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren),又(you)常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)執著外(wai)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)法界,內里的(de)(de)(de)(de)元神(shen),遠(yuan)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)通,以至“凡(fan)”能(neng)證(zheng)“圣”,“圣”不(bu)(bu)能(neng)成(cheng)“神(shen)”。如果(guo)能(neng)摒棄這些,使(shi)大道(dao)(dao)賦予了神(shen)性,即(ji)可超凡(fan)入圣了。再進一步修煉到“圣而不(bu)(bu)可知之(zhi)謂(wei)神(shen)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)高上境(jing)界,即(ji)是真空(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)境(jing)界了。
(17)觀空(kong)(kong)(kong)亦空(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)無所空(kong)(kong)(kong):空(kong)(kong)(kong),真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)。空(kong)(kong)(kong)有(you)兩種形式,有(you)大(da)(da)空(kong)(kong)(kong),有(you)小空(kong)(kong)(kong)。此二空(kong)(kong)(kong)懼無即自然不染正性,以成真(zhen)道。觀空(kong)(kong)(kong)也(ye)空(kong)(kong)(kong),大(da)(da)道無象,空(kong)(kong)(kong)也(ye)有(you)空(kong)(kong)(kong)象,應把此空(kong)(kong)(kong)象也(ye)加(jia)以忘去,則(ze)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)之境更加(jia)真(zhen)實。空(kong)(kong)(kong)無所空(kong)(kong)(kong),凡居有(you)質,都(dou)憑借大(da)(da)道而成形,一切物類,都(dou)是從道而產生。大(da)(da)道坦然常(chang)存(cun)于物,非(fei)為(wei)斷滅(mie)也(ye)。
(18)所空(kong)既無(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)亦無(wu)(wu):大道沒(mei)有(you)窮盡(jin),修道到了(le)空(kong)也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)處所之后,空(kong)也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)了(le)。如(ru)果仍然(ran)有(you)空(kong),就不(bu)能達到無(wu)(wu)的境界(jie),再進一步做到無(wu)(wu)之又(you)無(wu)(wu),就無(wu)(wu)也(ye)不(bu)存(cun)在了(le)。空(kong)有(you)皆忘才(cai)可(ke)以達到徹底的真無(wu)(wu)。
(19)無(wu)無(wu)既(ji)無(wu),湛(zhan)然(ran)常寂:無(wu)無(wu),無(wu)執。世間萬事萬物,都(dou)生于(yu)無(wu),而(er)(er)歸于(yu)無(wu),無(wu)生于(yu)有(you),有(you)歸于(yu)無(wu),無(wu)者有(you)也,有(you)者無(wu)也。金木水火土異物,自然(ran)相(xiang)假,眾(zhong)相(xiang)寄托(tuo),共成(cheng)一(yi)身。是知形(xing)體(ti)(ti),由來虛無(wu)。細(xi)析推(tui)陳出尋,遍體(ti)(ti)虛幻,況一(yi)切諸法(fa)、念念,亦復如是。是知無(wu)即是有(you),有(you)即是無(wu),自然(ran)而(er)(er)已。故經(jing)曰:無(wu)無(wu)既(ji)無(wu)。功夫到了空也沒有(you)的地步,就萬法(fa)都(dou)無(wu)了,達到湛(zhan)然(ran)而(er)(er)又圓滿的虛靜真本,即成(cheng)真道了。
(20)寂無(wu)所寂,欲(yu)豈能生:寂到了(le)(le)盡(jin)頭,連寂都(dou)不存在了(le)(le),就到了(le)(le)無(wu)為、無(wu)事、無(wu)欲(yu)的境界,自然(ran)成道了(le)(le)。
(21)欲(yu)既不生,即是真(zhen)靜(jing):真(zhen)靜(jing),自然無欲(yu)。求靜(jing)必須先遣欲(yu),有欲(yu)則患生,無欲(yu)則無憂,無憂則可進入真(zhen)靜(jing)。
(22)真(zhen)常應物:真(zhen),體無增減謂之真(zhen)。常者,法(fa)也。常能(neng)法(fa)則叫(jiao)真(zhen)常之法(fa)。法(fa)則真(zhen)常應物,隨(sui)機而(er)(er)(er)化導眾(zhong)生。“寂然(ran)(ran)不(bu)動(dong),感而(er)(er)(er)遂(sui)通”,“感而(er)(er)(er)遂(sui)通”依(yi)舊“寂然(ran)(ran)不(bu)動(dong)”。才能(neng)真(zhen)常應物。
(23)真常得(de)(de)性(xing):凡欲得(de)(de)成(cheng)真性(xing),須修常性(xing)而為(wei)道性(xing)。得(de)(de)者(zhe)動(dong)也。動(dong)其(qi)(qi)本性(xing),謂其(qi)(qi)得(de)(de)性(xing)。
(24)常應(ying)常靜,常清靜矣:“事(shi)來(lai)則(ze)應(ying)”,常應(ying)則(ze)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所不(bu)應(ying)。常者(zhe)道體也,應(ying)者(zhe)靈機(ji)也。言道體可(ke)以隨機(ji)而(er)(er)應(ying)萬變(bian)。“事(shi)去(qu)則(ze)忘”如浮云過空,云過則(ze)天又(you)清又(you)靜。可(ke)知,不(bu)管天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有云無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)云,而(er)(er)天體本凈,不(bu)管心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有事(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)事(shi),皆可(ke)常若(ruo)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),是為(wei)道心(xin),是為(wei)真心(xin),真心(xin)乃清靜無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),也即可(ke)應(ying)萬境萬變(bian)而(er)(er)永(yong)恒不(bu)變(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)。
(25)如(ru)此(ci)(ci)清(qing)靜,漸(jian)入真(zhen)道:真(zhen)道,指清(qing)靜之性。真(zhen),即為道。此(ci)(ci)句言經中不(bu)言,令(ling)人須假性修,漸(jian)進而成真(zhen)。
(26)既(ji)入(ru)真道(dao),名(ming)為得道(dao):此句接上句,言既(ji)入(ru)真道(dao),名(ming)悟修(xiu)真。煉凡成真,煉真成神。
(27)雖名(ming)(ming)得(de)道(dao),實(shi)(shi)無所(suo)得(de):雖然從名(ming)(ming)目(mu)上說,似乎是得(de)到了道(dao),但其實(shi)(shi)道(dao)為(wei)天地(di)之本源,宇宙之原動力,大自然之規律。獨立(li)而(er)不(bu)改,周行(xing)而(er)不(bu)殆。自本自根(gen),未有天地(di),自古以(yi)固存。先天地(di)生(sheng)而(er)不(bu)為(wei)久(jiu),長于上古而(er)不(bu)為(wei)老。太上無極大道(dao),本無得(de)無失,無形無象,視之不(bu)見,聽之不(bu)聞,搏之不(bu)得(de)。故曰(yue)實(shi)(shi)無所(suo)得(de)。
(28)為(wei)化(hua)眾生,名(ming)為(wei)得道(dao):化(hua),返以守真謂之化(hua)。化(hua),遷變之義。逐換應見(jian)之名(ming),化(hua)別種種,應見(jian)容儀。有無(wu)莫測,透化(hua)時人(ren)。透化(hua)者,指事為(wei)喻。恒勸開悟教(jiao)道(dao)之名(ming)。普(pu)令后(hou)學之人(ren)。舍惡從善(shan),惜身(shen)保命(ming)。故要歸(gui)于圣教(jiao)。只有太上(shang)西化(hua)流(liu)沙,八十一國,亦法視相,或見(jian)大(da)人(ren),身(shen)千丈(zhang);或見(jian)小人(ren),身(shen)長(chang)丈(zhang)八。變見(jian)無(wu)方,易形改(gai)號。或曰金仙(xian),或曰梵仙(xian)。隨方設(she)化(hua),同體(ti)異(yi)名(ming)。教(jiao)人(ren)修道(dao),去妄成真。乃立清靜之教(jiao),是為(wei)得道(dao)。
(29)能悟(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)者,可傳(chuan)圣道(dao)(dao):悟(wu),覺,猶通。此(ci)句言凡(fan)學(xue)仙之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),若(ruo)悟(wu)真理,則(ze)不(bu)以(yi)西竺東土為(wei)(wei)名,分別(bie)六合之(zhi)(zhi)內(nei),天上地下,道(dao)(dao)化一也。若(ruo)悟(wu)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)者也不(bu)以(yi)至(zhi)道(dao)(dao)為(wei)(wei)尊(zun),也不(bu)以(yi)眾教為(wei)(wei)異,也不(bu)以(yi)儒宗(zong)為(wei)(wei)別(bie)。能悟(wu)本性,非(fei)分別(bie)所(suo)(suo)得(de)。但能體似虛無(wu),常得(de)至(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。歸身內(nei)修清靜,則(ze)順天從(cong)也,名合人(ren)(ren)事(shi),可以(yi)救苦拔衰。以(yi)此(ci)修持,自然清靜。人(ren)(ren)能清靜,至(zhi)道(dao)(dao)自來,不(bu)求(qiu)自得(de),不(bu)學(xue)而(er)成。清靜自然,圣道(dao)(dao)歸身,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)說可傳(chuan)圣道(dao)(dao)。
此(ci)段總的是講了要(yao)“遣欲”、“澄心(xin)”,在做(zuo)到“無(wu)心(xin)”、“無(wu)形”、“無(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”的境界后,還要(yao)把(ba)“空”、“無(wu)”及湛(zhan)然之(zhi)“寂”也當(dang)做(zuo)有名(ming)之(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),遣而忘之(zhi),以(yi)達到“真常(chang)”、“清靜”,從而“得(de)道(dao)”。所謂得(de)道(dao),并(bing)不是指有形有象之(zhi)道(dao),而是得(de)證(zheng)虛(xu)靈(ling)本性圓(yuan)滿無(wu)缺之(zhi)道(dao),得(de)了此(ci)道(dao)之(zhi)后,可以(yi)應物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)應事(shi),玄同(tong)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。妙合先天之(zhi)炁(qi),而運化于萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)內外,綿(mian)綿(mian)無(wu)盡。
(30)老君曰:上(shang)(shang)士(shi)無(wu)爭(zheng),下(xia)士(shi)好爭(zheng):上(shang)(shang)士(shi),有修(xiu)(xiu)為(wei)(wei)有涵(han)養的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)等智慧(hui)的(de)(de)(de)人,是(shi)上(shang)(shang)德派生的(de)(de)(de)。下(xia)士(shi),指修(xiu)(xiu)為(wei)(wei)涵(han)養各方面都次于(yu)上(shang)(shang)士(shi)的(de)(de)(de)人。爭(zheng),求靜,執(zhi)有之意。此(ci)句言有修(xiu)(xiu)為(wei)(wei)有涵(han)養的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)等智慧(hui)的(de)(de)(de)人,不與外(wai)界爭(zheng)勝爭(zheng)強而自強。這是(shi)上(shang)(shang)士(shi)所獲得的(de)(de)(de)福炁,而下(xia)士(shi)由(you)于(yu)一味(wei)爭(zheng)取(qu)身外(wai)之物(wu),而失其內在(zai)真(zhen)性(xing),終使神喪(sang)炁絕,一無(wu)所獲。
(31)上(shang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)不德(de)(de)(de)(de),下(xia)德(de)(de)(de)(de)執德(de)(de)(de)(de):德(de)(de)(de)(de),是道(dao)(dao)(dao)所(suo)表(biao)(biao)現出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de),通于道(dao)(dao)(dao)。經云:“道(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)我即為(wei)德(de)(de)(de)(de)。”又云:“德(de)(de)(de)(de)者(zhe)得也(ye)。”德(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)體性特征都(dou)同于道(dao)(dao)(dao),道(dao)(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)形(xing)(xing)無(wu)(wu)象,含而(er)(er)不露(lu),空虛而(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)跡象,卻(que)無(wu)(wu)所(suo)不有(you),無(wu)(wu)所(suo)不在(zai)(zai),無(wu)(wu)所(suo)不為(wei),無(wu)(wu)所(suo)不成。生育(yu)天地(di),運行日月,長養萬(wan)物,卻(que)不自恃、自彰。這種(zhong)特征表(biao)(biao)現在(zai)(zai)人(ren)身上(shang),就叫(jiao)“上(shang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)”。上(shang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)和常(chang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)一樣,是內(nei)(nei)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)、實質的(de)(de)(de)、無(wu)(wu)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)、自然的(de)(de)(de),而(er)(er)不是外(wai)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)、表(biao)(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)、形(xing)(xing)式上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)東西。因而(er)(er),無(wu)(wu)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)是大道(dao)(dao)(dao),無(wu)(wu)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)在(zai)(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)是上(shang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)。而(er)(er)下(xia)德(de)(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),一味追求有(you)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,飄流浮于開(kai)、情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,自以為(wei)是,無(wu)(wu)法突(tu)破(po)小我而(er)(er)進入無(wu)(wu)我的(de)(de)(de)高上(shang)境界。
(32)執(zhi)著之者,不名(ming)道(dao)(dao)德(de)(de):執(zhi)著,指執(zhi)德(de)(de)、下德(de)(de)。道(dao)(dao)德(de)(de),指通變無方,存亡自在,應(ying)見(jian)即用(yong),能尊能貴,悉皆自然。此句言(yan)下德(de)(de)之人(ren),故執(zhi)諸相,行流涉于有為,是(shi)不懂(dong)事(shi)理(li),不懂(dong)道(dao)(dao)德(de)(de)的(de)人(ren),不能成道(dao)(dao)。
此(ci)段總講了人能(neng)安分守己(ji),善保自(zi)性,摒去一(yi)(yi)切(qie)塵(chen)障,樂道報德,自(zi)然(ran)靈性升華,福壽無邊,切(qie)莫執著一(yi)(yi)事(shi)一(yi)(yi)物而(er)自(zi)困(kun)愁城,成為(wei)一(yi)(yi)個不(bu)明事(shi)理、不(bu)能(neng)自(zi)拔的人。
(33)眾生(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)以(yi)不(bu)得真(zhen)道(dao)者,為有妄(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)心:妄(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),動(dong)。情浮意(yi)(yi)動(dong),心生(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)妄(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。動(dong),亂思,因(yin)妄(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)亂了本性。此句言一切眾生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)得真(zhen)道(dao)的(de)原因(yin),都是被情染意(yi)(yi)動(dong)。妄(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)有所(suo)思,思有所(suo)惑(惑,感其(qi)情而妄(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)動(dong)于意(yi)(yi))。意(yi)(yi)動(dong)其(qi)思而妄(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)生(sheng)(sheng)于心。人一但有了妄(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)動(dong)之心,自然不(bu)能(neng)(neng)清靜(jing),又(you)說(shuo)妄(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)動(dong)即亡。都亡失道(dao)性。所(suo)以(yi)說(shuo)逐境而感情妄(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)動(dong),不(bu)能(neng)(neng)得到真(zhen)道(dao)。
(34)既(ji)有妄心,即驚(jing)(jing)(jing)其(qi)(qi)神:驚(jing)(jing)(jing),指心之(zhi)極畏,不(bu)只指盡驚(jing)(jing)(jing)。驚(jing)(jing)(jing)有兩(liang)種情況,一指內修(xiu)清靜(jing),忘了形(xing)而(er)驚(jing)(jing)(jing)其(qi)(qi)神;二(er)指外(wai)(wai)習事(shi)情,勞于心而(er)驚(jing)(jing)(jing)其(qi)(qi)形(xing)。此句言(yan)外(wai)(wai)又既(ji)驚(jing)(jing)(jing)其(qi)(qi)形(xing)體,內誘自(zi)然驚(jing)(jing)(jing)于其(qi)(qi)神。想要心神安靜(jing),就要外(wai)(wai)欲(yu)不(bu)生(sheng)(sheng),欲(yu)不(bu)能(neng)生(sheng)(sheng),自(zi)然清靜(jing)。
(35)既(ji)驚(jing)其(qi)神(shen),即著(zhu)萬(wan)物:人如果驚(jing)其(qi)神(shen),外就(jiu)有所著(zhu)于境,內里就(jiu)失去正(zheng)性,也可理解為道貴守一,不(bu)可著(zhu)于萬(wan)物而驚(jing)其(qi)神(shen)。
(36)既(ji)著萬物,即生貪(tan)(tan)(tan)求(qiu)(qiu):貪(tan)(tan)(tan),過(guo)分追(zhui)求(qiu)(qiu)、偏愛(ai)。有兩種情況(kuang):一是(shi)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)于世事,外求(qiu)(qiu)華飾欲(yu)樂,這種情況(kuang)為(wei)陰(yin)咎,不合(he)于陽,就不能(neng)清(qing)靜,是(shi)為(wei)沉滯(zhi);二是(shi)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)于進修窮尋(xun)真理,堅求(qiu)(qiu)至道,這叫內貪(tan)(tan)(tan)。這種情況(kuang)屬于陽,能(neng)體道合(he)真,自然清(qing)靜。
(37)既生(sheng)貪求,即(ji)是(shi)(shi)煩(fan)惱:貪求外事(shi),要漸漸斷除;貪求內(nei)事(shi),要勤勤修(xiu)進(jin)。雖然(ran)(ran)是(shi)(shi)內(nei)求至(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不可以(yi)(yi)固執,如此也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能生(sheng)煩(fan)惱。這(zhe)里的(de)(de)煩(fan)惱也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)分(fen)兩(liang)種情況(kuang)(kuang),有輕(qing)(qing)(qing)重(zhong)(zhong)之分(fen),一是(shi)(shi)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)煩(fan)惱,二是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)煩(fan)惱。輕(qing)(qing)(qing)煩(fan)惱是(shi)(shi)貪求至(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),這(zhe)種情況(kuang)(kuang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)煩(fan)惱。二是(shi)(shi)外求世法,名重(zhong)(zhong)煩(fan)惱。輕(qing)(qing)(qing)就(jiu)合陽,所以(yi)(yi)叫(jiao)清,重(zhong)(zhong)即(ji)合陰,所以(yi)(yi)叫(jiao)濁。雖然(ran)(ran)分(fen)了輕(qing)(qing)(qing)重(zhong)(zhong),但(dan)兩(liang)者這(zhe)間又(you)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)對的(de)(de)。貪就(jiu)會生(sheng)迷(mi)惑,但(dan)是(shi)(shi)要舍重(zhong)(zhong)棄輕(qing)(qing)(qing),內(nei)守(shou)元和,湛然(ran)(ran)不動,所以(yi)(yi)叫(jiao)懷道(dao)抱德了,自然(ran)(ran)而然(ran)(ran)就(jiu)淳樸了。
(38)煩惱妄(wang)(wang)想(xiang),憂苦(ku)(ku)身(shen)(shen)心。便遭(zao)濁辱(ru),流浪(lang)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)。常(chang)沉苦(ku)(ku)海(hai),永(yong)失(shi)真道:濁,染。辱(ru),污(wu)。流浪(lang),指反復。苦(ku)(ku)海(hai),苦(ku)(ku)的大海(hai),海(hai)指大。此句(ju)言人的身(shen)(shen)心逐于(yu)外物,憂苦(ku)(ku)自(zi)(zi)然而(er)然就產生(sheng)(sheng)而(er)擾亂身(shen)(shen)心,在生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)之(zhi)間反復,永(yong)遠(yuan)不能超脫,流浪(lang)于(yu)苦(ku)(ku)海(hai)之(zhi)中。憂苦(ku)(ku)的事不能夠休止,都是出自(zi)(zi)人心造作的。學道的人,都內守其(qi)一(yi)(yi)外除其(qi)想(xiang)(一(yi)(yi),指身(shen)(shen))。圣人云:“存三守一(yi)(yi)”。(三,指精、炁、神。)但守其(qi)身(shen)(shen),必存于(yu)三。所以《西升(sheng)經》云:守身(shen)(shen)不失(shi),常(chang)存也,專守其(qi)一(yi)(yi),不生(sheng)(sheng)妄(wang)(wang)想(xiang),即免于(yu)苦(ku)(ku)海(hai),沉淪憂苦(ku)(ku),不著于(yu)身(shen)(shen)。心自(zi)(zi)然解脫,自(zi)(zi)然清靜。
(39)真(zhen)常之道(dao)(dao),悟者(zhe)自(zi)得(de),得(de)悟道(dao)(dao)者(zhe),常清(qing)靜(jing)矣:真(zhen)道(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)常存的(de),無時不在,不生(sheng)也不滅,她(ta)外包天地,內入毫芒,運(yun)行日月,長養萬物,人能(neng)(neng)悟解,自(zi)然而得(de),得(de)的(de)不是(shi)(shi)外在的(de)東西(xi),而是(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)。所以太上說,人能(neng)(neng)覺悟,悟則(ze)本性(xing),謂之得(de)道(dao)(dao)也,所得(de)到的(de)道(dao)(dao)不是(shi)(shi)大道(dao)(dao),大道(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)難(nan)求難(nan)得(de)的(de)。經云:“天道(dao)(dao)無親,常與善(shan)人。”又云:“道(dao)(dao)本無形,莫之能(neng)(neng)名,得(de)悟之者(zhe),惟已(yi)自(zi)知。”善(shan)人常能(neng)(neng)守于清(qing)靜(jing),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)得(de)到真(zhen)道(dao)(dao)的(de)人。
此段總講了(le)眾生所以(yi)不能得到(dao)真(zhen)道的(de)(de)原因,是由于妄念之(zhi)起,貪求身(shen)外有形(xing)之(zhi)物,大傷自己精炁(qi)神,以(yi)至流(liu)浪生死,常(chang)存(cun)苦海濁(zhuo)辱之(zhi)中(zhong),受苦受難。如(ru)果一心向善,修煉(lian)真(zhen)常(chang)之(zhi)道,一旦(dan)了(le)悟大道的(de)(de)規律,修之(zhi)不輟(chuo),自會有成。以(yi)達到(dao)常(chang)清(qing)常(chang)靜,有至樂而無(wu)苦難的(de)(de)真(zhen)常(chang)境界。
(40)仙(xian)人葛(ge)玄(xuan)曰(yue):吾得真道(dao)(dao),誦(song)此(ci)(ci)(ci)經萬遍:葛(ge)翁,此(ci)(ci)(ci)指葛(ge)玄(xuan)。三國時(shi)(shi)(shi)方士,字孝先,丹(dan)陽句容(rong)(今(jin)屬江蘇)人。《抱樸(pu)子(zi)·金丹(dan)篇》稱(cheng),他曾經從左(zuo)慈學道(dao)(dao),受《太清丹(dan)經》、《九鼎丹(dan)經》、《金液丹(dan)經》等(deng)煉丹(dan)經書,于(yu)閣皂山修(xiu)道(dao)(dao),常(chang)辟谷服食,擅(shan)符(fu)咒諸法,奇(qi)術甚多(duo)。后(hou)世道(dao)(dao)教尊稱(cheng)為“葛(ge)仙(xian)公”或(huo)“葛(ge)仙(xian)翁”,又(you)稱(cheng)“太極(ji)左(zuo)仙(xian)公”;北宋(song)徽宗時(shi)(shi)(shi)封為“沖應真人”;南宋(song)理宗時(shi)(shi)(shi)封為“沖應孚佑真君”。明(ming)清時(shi)(shi)(shi),道(dao)(dao)門和民(min)間又(you)常(chang)稱(cheng)葛(ge)洪為葛(ge)仙(xian)翁。仙(xian)翁,祖代(dai)求(qiu)仙(xian),皆成(cheng)真人,仙(xian)翁初入道(dao)(dao)之時(shi)(shi)(shi),居長白山,或(huo)居東岳(yue),自后(hou)遍歷名山,殷勤求(qiu)道(dao)(dao),成(cheng)道(dao)(dao)之后(hou),隱跡潛形,惟值得留(liu)經教于(yu)世,勸悟后(hou)學之徒,凡言(yan)誦(song)此(ci)(ci)(ci)經萬遍者,即(ji)萬行圓(yuan)備,圓(yuan)滿之意(yi)。又(you)說,萬遍道(dao)(dao)備,飛(fei)升(sheng)太空,萬神之備,萬遍既周,乃成(cheng)清靜之道(dao)(dao)。
(41)此經是天(tian)(tian)人(ren)習,不傳(chuan)下(xia)士(shi)(shi):天(tian)(tian)人(ren),極陽之仙。天(tian)(tian)仙者,碧落(luo)飛(fei)騰,游行(xing)自(zi)在(zai),兩腋有(you)毛羽(yu),也(ye)(ye)叫羽(yu)客。凡是天(tian)(tian)仙羽(yu)客,住于(yu)三清之上(shang),常行(xing)于(yu)經法,也(ye)(ye)不輕傳(chuan)下(xia)士(shi)(shi)。世(shi)人(ren)苦修天(tian)(tian)人(ren)之行(xing),即謂天(tian)(tian)上(shang)人(ren)。凡欲修學之士(shi)(shi),何不誦(song)習此經,日有(you)進修三業,若(ruo)無(wu)退慢之心,是有(you)進無(wu)退之士(shi)(shi),也(ye)(ye)不令經傳(chuan)下(xia)士(shi)(shi)。圣(sheng)人(ren)云:“經法流行(xing)于(yu)世(shi),學人(ren)若(ruo)遇須當寶(bao)而貴之,不可輕世(shi),如逢賢士(shi)(shi),有(you)心即授,有(you)善即傳(chuan)。”
(42)吾(wu)昔受(shou)之于(yu)(yu)東(dong)華(hua)帝(di)(di)君(jun):吾(wu),仙(xian)(xian)翁(weng)自稱(cheng)。東(dong)華(hua)帝(di)(di)君(jun),又名(ming)木公、東(dong)王公、扶桑大帝(di)(di),與丹靈、黃老(lao)、皓靈、玄老(lao)并稱(cheng)“五(wu)(wu)方五(wu)(wu)老(lao)”,他掌管男仙(xian)(xian)名(ming)籍,男人(ren)成仙(xian)(xian)必(bi)謁東(dong)王公,女于(yu)(yu)成仙(xian)(xian)必(bi)謁西王母。此(ci)句(ju)言仙(xian)(xian)翁(weng)得受(shou)此(ci)經(jing)(清靜經(jing))于(yu)(yu)東(dong)華(hua)帝(di)(di)君(jun),也是(shi)不(bu)輕傳于(yu)(yu)下士(shi)的(de)。
(43)東華帝(di)君受(shou)之于金(jin)(jin)(jin)闕帝(di)君:金(jin)(jin)(jin)闕,指天(tian)庭。金(jin)(jin)(jin)闕帝(di)君,經(jing)書(shu)中說法不一,有經(jing)稱是太上老君。有經(jing)稱是太上老君隨方設(she)化,或(huo)號天(tian)皇(huang)大帝(di),或(huo)曰太一救苦天(tian)尊(zun),或(huo)號金(jin)(jin)(jin)闕圣君。此意指上圣帝(di)君都寶秘此經(jing),何況后學傳授修持諷誦,還不更(geng)加崇仰而學修。
(44)金闕帝君受之于西(xi)王母(mu)(mu):西(xi)王母(mu)(mu),即王母(mu)(mu)娘娘、金母(mu)(mu)。是道(dao)教(jiao)諸女(nv)仙之尊神(shen),女(nv)仙之首,凡女(nv)人(ren)成仙必(bi)謁“金母(mu)(mu)”。此句言金闕帝君受此經于西(xi)王母(mu)(mu)之時(shi),也(ye)是不(bu)輕傳(chuan)下(xia)士的。
(45)皆口(kou)口(kou)相(xiang)傳,不(bu)(bu)記文字。吾今于世,書(shu)而錄(lu)之(zhi):口(kou)口(kou)相(xiang)傳,指古圣人(ren)傳授經法,都(dou)是內藏心腹,秘受經文,流通(tong)行(xing)化,并不(bu)(bu)記文字,就不(bu)(bu)被世人(ren)所能見到。自從仙翁以來,書(shu)寫(xie)下了此經,傳于下世,普(pu)遍流行(xing),是要拔度后(hou)學之(zhi)人(ren)。
(46)上(shang)(shang)士悟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),升(sheng)為(wei)天(tian)(tian)官(guan)(guan):上(shang)(shang)士,外煉形質,內(nei)養(yang)精(jing)神(shen)(shen)。外和其(qi)(qi)光(guang),而(er)同其(qi)(qi)塵,內(nei)修(xiu)功而(er)保(bao)(bao)其(qi)(qi)元炁,元炁是神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母,人(ren)能常存于(yu)元炁,下(xia)(xia)(xia)保(bao)(bao)于(yu)丹田(tian),上(shang)(shang)固于(yu)泥丸,中守于(yu)絳宮,這樣保(bao)(bao)于(yu)三元,內(nei)養(yang)于(yu)神(shen)(shen)。(神(shen)(shen),炁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子。形,神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舍。神(shen)(shen)是身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主,身無(wu)主則不安,形無(wu)神(shen)(shen)而(er)不立。)上(shang)(shang)達之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,常服日(ri)精(jing),保(bao)(bao)于(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)丹田(tian),飲月華,保(bao)(bao)于(yu)腦戶(hu)。(腦戶(hu),指(zhi)泥丸上(shang)(shang)丹田(tian),屬陰。所以用太(tai)陽精(jing)炁保(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。)易經云:“一(yi)陰一(yi)陽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂道(dao),能恃日(ri)月二景,扶(fu)身形而(er)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必升(sheng)為(wei)天(tian)(tian)官(guan)(guan)。五(wu)(wu)云五(wu)(wu)炁,是五(wu)(wu)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正炁。凡上(shang)(shang)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),五(wu)(wu)臟既真(zhen),五(wu)(wu)臟炁自生五(wu)(wu)行,真(zhen)炁化成五(wu)(wu)云,扶(fu)其(qi)(qi)形質,上(shang)(shang)游三界(jie)(三界(jie),欲界(jie)、色界(jie)、無(wu)色界(jie)),下(xia)(xia)(xia)游十方(fang)(fang)(十方(fang)(fang),指(zhi)四維、上(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)。)。三界(jie)十方(fang)(fang)俱無(wu)滯礙,然后(hou)升(sheng)入上(shang)(shang)清(qing),得(de)位為(wei)天(tian)(tian)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)號(hao)。
(47)中(zhong)士(shi)修之(zhi),南宮(gong)(gong)列仙:凡學(xue)道之(zhi)士(shi),先(xian)順(shun)煉肌,謂(wei)之(zhi)寶玉(玉,指(zhi)骨)。煉肺(fei)保(bao)(bao)津,謂(wei)之(zhi)炁。(金,指(zhi)肺(fei)。金石,指(zhi)腎(shen)。丹,指(zhi)心(xin)。)安(an)心(xin)息(xi)氣,保(bao)(bao)于(yu)。腎(shen)臟(zang),乃得延(yan)年。不是(shi)世間(jian)金石寶玉。這(zhe)里所謂(wei)的金石,能保(bao)(bao)人性命(ming)。另(ling)據圖(tu)南子(zi)云:如何外(wai)寶?即先(xian)要內保(bao)(bao)。如果能內保(bao)(bao)于(yu)性命(ming),然后上(shang)參于(yu)上(shang)清圣(sheng)文。(圣(sheng)文,指(zhi)上(shang)清秘寶之(zhi)書(shu)。)下(xia)達玄(xuan)微。(玄(xuan)微,指(zhi)下(xia)元腎(shen))又(you)據上(shang)清經云:南方(fang)有丹靈(ling)天,內有蕊珠宮(gong)(gong),宮(gong)(gong)內有一真(zhen)君號靈(ling)天君。又(you)據是(shi)朱陽(yang)宮(gong)(gong)或(huo)朱陵宮(gong)(gong)。宮(gong)(gong)的一處有炎炎火煉池(chi),池(chi)有七寶宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian)。也稱紫(zi)陽(yang)宮(gong)(gong)。如果有下(xia)達之(zhi)士(shi),學(xue)道成(cheng)功的,得到司命(ming)真(zhen)君認同,錄下(xia)姓(xing)名,奏上(shang)南宮(gong)(gong),就得為仙宮(gong)(gong)之(zhi)號了(le)。
(48)下士(shi)(shi)得之(zhi),在世長年(nian)(nian):下士(shi)(shi)不(bu)能絕利一源,都求(qiu)資身益(yi)命之(zhi)道(dao)(dao),或服靈(ling)藥,或餌丹(dan)砂(sha),或休名棄(qi)位(wei),或淡(dan)靜安神,或依倚林泉(quan),或藏跡于(yu)朝市,內修至(zhi)道(dao)(dao),外合(he)五常,或隱或見,體道(dao)(dao)合(he)真,如斯不(bu)退,尚保(bao)延(yan)年(nian)(nian),何況高士(shi)(shi)英賢(xian),隱于(yu)嵩谷,學神人(ren)餐藥而得白日(ri)升天。何故(gu)后人(ren)不(bu)能專至(zhi),即今(jin)西岳華山,山居隱士(shi)(shi),丁陳二人(ren),在世延(yan)年(nian)(nian)注名以入(ru)仙位(wei),況后人(ren)不(bu)能相效,故(gu)舉此數,喻乃(nai)明至(zhi)道(dao)(dao)無偏求(qiu)者必達(da)。故(gu)本經(jing)云:天道(dao)(dao)無親,常與善(shan)人(ren)。
(49)游(you)行(xing)三(san)(san)(san)(san)界(jie)(jie)(jie),升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)入(ru)金門:靈寶經(jing)云:三(san)(san)(san)(san)十二(er)(er)天、三(san)(san)(san)(san)十二(er)(er)帝,第六名(ming)(ming)(ming)上(shang)(shang)明七曜摩夷天帝。名(ming)(ming)(ming)恬(tian)會延,此(ci)是欲(yu)(yu)界(jie)(jie)(jie)。雖有此(ci)說,凡學道但去其欲(yu)(yu),即名(ming)(ming)(ming)真人(ren)。色(se)界(jie)(jie)(jie)在二(er)(er)十四重天,無(wu)(wu)極云誓(shi)天為(wei)色(se)界(jie)(jie)(jie),其帝君號名(ming)(ming)(ming)飄駑穹隆(long)。太素秀(xiu)樂(le)禁上(shang)(shang)天為(wei)無(wu)(wu)色(se)界(jie)(jie)(jie),帝君名(ming)(ming)(ming)龍羅(luo)(luo)覺長,此(ci)名(ming)(ming)(ming)三(san)(san)(san)(san)界(jie)(jie)(jie),乃指天地而言,此(ci)為(wei)外約大綱之(zhi)(zhi)說,若(ruo)(ruo)喻人(ren)身而言,三(san)(san)(san)(san)界(jie)(jie)(jie)即三(san)(san)(san)(san)丹田(tian)。下丹田(tian)為(wei)欲(yu)(yu)界(jie)(jie)(jie),中(zhong)丹田(tian)為(wei)色(se)界(jie)(jie)(jie),上(shang)(shang)丹田(tian)為(wei)無(wu)(wu)色(se)界(jie)(jie)(jie)。人(ren)若(ruo)(ruo)保守于(yu)(yu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)丹田(tian),則(ze)精炁神存(cun)上(shang)(shang)中(zhong)下三(san)(san)(san)(san)丹田(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)境(jing),真人(ren)游(you)于(yu)(yu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)界(jie)(jie)(jie),若(ruo)(ruo)得(de)三(san)(san)(san)(san)丹田(tian),神俱(ju)足則(ze)自然升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天。所以經(jing)云:形神俱(ju)妙,與道合(he)真。《上(shang)(shang)清(qing)經(jing)》云:大羅(luo)(luo)天在三(san)(san)(san)(san)十二(er)(er)天上(shang)(shang)。《靈寶經(jing)》云:三(san)(san)(san)(san)界(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang),渺渺大羅(luo)(luo),大羅(luo)(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)境(jing),惟有三(san)(san)(san)(san)清(qing)宮闕(que)。莫不上(shang)(shang)圣高(gao)尊游(you)于(yu)(yu)其上(shang)(shang)。學道人(ren)若(ruo)(ruo)先修內行(xing),保固守于(yu)(yu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)元神,三(san)(san)(san)(san)元神俱(ju)備(bei),自得(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天,游(you)行(xing)三(san)(san)(san)(san)清(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)境(jing),出入(ru)金闕(que)之(zhi)(zhi)前,朝拜太上(shang)(shang)、得(de)為(wei)真人(ren)。故曰(yue):升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)入(ru)金門。
(50)左(zuo)(zuo)玄(xuan)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)曰:左(zuo)(zuo),指(zhi)陽。玄(xuan),指(zhi)一(yi)。左(zuo)(zuo)玄(xuan)是道(dao)君之(zhi)(zhi)號,得一(yi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren),是立(li)其左(zuo)(zuo)右陰(yin)(yin)陽一(yi)的意思,所(suo)以(yi)稱左(zuo)(zuo)玄(xuan)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)。左(zuo)(zuo)玄(xuan)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)號法解(jie),大(da)慈大(da)仁,多請問因緣,下(xia)游(you)五濁,救(jiu)拔一(yi)切、復歸三境。侍從尊慈,太上保之(zhi)(zhi),稱其名號。學(xue)仙之(zhi)(zhi)士,但能(neng)存(cun)一(yi)守于陰(yin)(yin)陽二(er)炁(qi),則為(wei)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)。何為(wei)守一(yi),一(yi)者,道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)本性,一(yi)為(wei)大(da)也(ye)。又云身(shen)(shen)也(ye),所(suo)以(yi)《西(xi)升經》云:愛(ai)(ai)(ai)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)如(ru)愛(ai)(ai)(ai)身(shen)(shen),愛(ai)(ai)(ai)身(shen)(shen)不(bu)如(ru)愛(ai)(ai)(ai)神(shen)。愛(ai)(ai)(ai)神(shen)不(bu)如(ru)舍神(shen),舍神(shen)不(bu)如(ru)守身(shen)(shen),守身(shen)(shen)長(chang)久長(chang)存(cun)。學(xue)人(ren)(ren)未玄(xuan)微,但且(qie)護形,愛(ai)(ai)(ai)炁(qi)輕物,賤名思慮不(bu)惑,則血(xue)氣和平,如(ru)此即(ji)其一(yi)可存(cun)。陰(yin)(yin)陽二(er)炁(qi),即(ji)坎(kan)離之(zhi)(zhi)用,故謂為(wei)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)身(shen)(shen),然后朝于太上,皆得為(wei)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)臣也(ye)。上則參于三境,下(xia)則游(you)于十方(fang),開導眾(zhong)生(sheng),教(jiao)化未悟,引接(jie)群生(sheng),普令得其道(dao),此即(ji)為(wei)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)作也(ye)。
(51)學道(dao)之(zhi)士,持誦(song)(song)此(ci)經:持誦(song)(song),依本曰(yue)讀(du),離(li)本曰(yue)誦(song)(song),學道(dao)之(zhi)士,若能解(jie)心正,道(dao)念(nian)不(bu)退,依法奉修如對太上,行住坐(zuo)立,常持專一,是(shi)謂(wei)誦(song)(song)經。
(52)即(ji)得十(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)善(shan)神(shen),擁護其(qi)身:十(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian),指(zhi)八方和上下(xia)。《因緣經》云(yun):每月十(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)齋,各有(you)善(shan)神(shen)直(zhi)日(ri),也(ye)為善(shan)神(shen)。且人有(you)三業六根,身形之(zhi)業,故有(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)惡(e)。(十(shi)(shi)(shi)惡(e),指(zhi)淫(yin)、殺、盜、貪(tan)、嫉(ji)妒、恚、惡(e)口、兩舌、妄(wang)語(yu)(yu)、綺(qi)(qi)語(yu)(yu)。),(十(shi)(shi)(shi)善(shan),身不(bu)妄(wang)動(dong),心不(bu)妄(wang)動(dong),意不(bu)妄(wang)思,性不(bu)妄(wang)亂(luan),耳不(bu)妄(wang)聽(ting)邪聲,口不(bu)妄(wang)言(yan)綺(qi)(qi)語(yu)(yu),目不(bu)妄(wang)視邪色,鼻不(bu)妄(wang)受(shou)邪穢(hui),舌不(bu)妄(wang)食邪味,識不(bu)妄(wang)受(shou)于驚(jing)怖(bu))十(shi)(shi)(shi)善(shan)既生,十(shi)(shi)(shi)惡(e)自滅。乃得真圣(sheng)相護,此句言(yan)學道之(zhi)士心常念道,持誦真經,即(ji)得善(shan)神(shen)擁護。
(53)然(ran)后(hou)(hou)玉(yu)符(fu)保神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),金液(ye)(ye)煉(lian)形(xing)。形(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)俱妙,與道(dao)(dao)合(he)(he)真(zhen):玉(yu)符(fu),指玉(yu)皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)符(fu)。令人(ren)(ren)(ren)學道(dao)(dao),功圓行滿升入(ru)仙階,先得玉(yu)皇符(fu)命(ming)(ming),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)升仙。玉(yu)符(fu)于(yu)身(shen)而論,可明中元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。(中元(yuan),指心(xin)(xin)。)學人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin),若能(neng)(neng)安靜(jing)(jing)(jing),自(zi)然(ran)無染于(yu)塵垢,清靜(jing)(jing)(jing)而保固(gu)形(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。上等之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),悟(wu)煉(lian)金液(ye)(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),以固(gu)形(xing)質(zhi)。中士未悟(wu),身(shen)外(wai)(wai)求樂,合(he)(he)和修煉(lian),以寧性命(ming)(ming)。若論出入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),亦先固(gu)形(xing)體,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)養于(yu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)識,而形(xing)體固(gu),形(xing)瘦力倦。神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)者,為彼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu),主(zhu)(zhu)安則(ze)(ze)外(wai)(wai)固(gu),假如世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屋(wu)宅,無人(ren)(ren)(ren)則(ze)(ze)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)全。內(nei)外(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,也是(shi)(shi)這個(ge)道(dao)(dao)理。故經(jing)云(yun):我身(shen)乃神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)車,神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舍(she),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)。主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)安靜(jing)(jing)(jing),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)即居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),躁(zao)動神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)即去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)(you)說神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)形(xing),形(xing)成神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),形(xing)不(bu)得神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)得形(xing)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)成。形(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)合(he)(he)同,更(geng)相(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)更(geng)相(xiang)成,這是(shi)(shi)表(biao)里相(xiang)應之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。又(you)(you)說:神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)常(chang)愛(ai)人(ren)(ren)(ren),人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)愛(ai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)常(chang)愛(ai)人(ren)(ren)(ren),愿其(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng),人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)愛(ai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),為心(xin)(xin)所(suo)(suo)憂。心(xin)(xin)也是(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),其(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)名叫靈(ling)童,能(neng)(neng)惡能(neng)(neng)善,能(neng)(neng)昧能(neng)(neng)明,能(neng)(neng)喜能(neng)(neng)怒,能(neng)(neng)正能(neng)(neng)邪。使意馬如風(feng),驅心(xin)(xin)猿如箭疾。巧(qiao)生(sheng)(sheng)千種,機出萬端,皆在此神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。《內(nei)觀經(jing)》云(yun):心(xin)(xin)即是(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),非(fei)青非(fei)白,非(fei)赤非(fei)黃,非(fei)大非(fei)小,非(fei)短非(fei)長,非(fei)曲非(fei)直,非(fei)柔(rou)非(fei)剛,非(fei)厚非(fei)薄,非(fei)圓非(fei)方(fang),變化莫測,混合(he)(he)陰陽(yang);大包天地,細(xi)入(ru)毫芒(mang);制之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)止,放(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)狂;清靜(jing)(jing)(jing)則(ze)(ze)生(sheng)(sheng),濁躁(zao)則(ze)(ze)亡(wang),人(ren)(ren)(ren)能(neng)(neng)清靜(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)修至(zhi)道(dao)(dao),制伏其(qi)心(xin)(xin),心(xin)(xin)既安靜(jing)(jing)(jing),其(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)則(ze)(ze)生(sheng)(sheng)。神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)則(ze)(ze)形(xing)固(gu),形(xing)固(gu)成神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)藉形(xing)而成,形(xing)藉神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)而生(sheng)(sheng),形(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)相(xiang)藉,安靜(jing)(jing)(jing)修功,形(xing)固(gu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)全。所(suo)(suo)以說:形(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)俱妙,內(nei)外(wai)(wai)相(xiang)應,自(zi)然(ran)與道(dao)(dao)合(he)(he)真(zhen)。
(54)正(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)真人曰:正(zheng)(zheng),即真。一(yi),為(wei)大,也指心(xin)。心(xin)是(shi)(shi)南方太陽(yang)之(zhi)象(xiang),原處北方。因何太陽(yang)處于北方,為(wei)坎(kan)離中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)一(yi)畫,故為(wei)一(yi)陽(yang),是(shi)(shi)謂心(xin)。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)陰(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)陽(yang)位(wei)(wei),二是(shi)(shi)陽(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)陰(yin)位(wei)(wei),此(ci)是(shi)(shi)五行(xing)反(fan)復之(zhi)理,陰(yin)陽(yang)變化之(zhi)用,是(shi)(shi)謂正(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)。正(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)真人,指漢天師(shi),姓(xing)張,諱道陵(ling),今為(wei)三(san)天大法師(shi),位(wei)(wei)任正(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)真人,又(you)為(wei)三(san)清度師(shi),居(ju)(ju)圣(sheng)真之(zhi)位(wei)(wei),曾煉五行(xing),修功為(wei)國,扶衰救苦,除害(hai)興物,利濟庶民,功圓行(xing)滿,超凡成(cheng)圣(sheng)。位(wei)(wei)居(ju)(ju)高上(shang)正(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)真人。人若能修煉其心(xin),自然關府通泰,神和氣(qi)暢,皆由正(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)之(zhi)事。張天師(shi)流傳下來的有(you)正(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)斬邪(xie)三(san)五飛步之(zhi)道、銅符鐵(tie)券、金丹寶經、秘訣靈章(zhang)、二十(shi)四(si)階品錄等(deng)。
(55)人家(jia)有(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)經(jing),悟解(jie)(jie)之(zhi)者(zhe),災障(zhang)不(bu)干,眾圣護(hu)(hu)門(men):家(jia),此(ci)(ci)(ci)指身。經(jing),指心。真人曰(yue):家(jia)有(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)經(jing),若(ruo)(ruo)能悟解(jie)(jie)玄(xuan)微,清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)身心,修行念道(dao)(dao),持誦不(bu)退,即得眾圣神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)人護(hu)(hu)衛其(qi)門(men),即得神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)人護(hu)(hu)門(men)則(ze)(ze)(ze)災障(zhang)不(bu)干于家(jia)庭,邪魔無犯于住止,皆因主(zhu)人清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing),故得神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)明護(hu)(hu)門(men)。內比喻則(ze)(ze)(ze)家(jia)猶身,心為(wei)經(jing)。人能清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)行其(qi)至道(dao)(dao)于心,則(ze)(ze)(ze)謂之(zhi)有(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)經(jing)。悟,即覺(jue)。達(da),即解(jie)(jie)。通,作了(le)。覺(jue)了(le)則(ze)(ze)(ze)謂心有(you)經(jing)。無經(jing)則(ze)(ze)(ze)未悟解(jie)(jie),故有(you)災障(zhang),煩(fan)惱所生(sheng),若(ruo)(ruo)心了(le)達(da),則(ze)(ze)(ze)無煩(fan)惱。煩(fan)惱既無,自然清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)。災障(zhang)不(bu)生(sheng),故不(bu)干。眾圣護(hu)(hu)門(men),意思(si)是指人身中(zhong)有(you)三萬六千神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),左三魂右七魄,身有(you)一(yi)萬二千形影,體有(you)二萬四精(jing)光(guang),五臟六腑,二十四神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),耳眼口鼻皆有(you),一(yi)一(yi)各(ge)有(you)宮闕所居,人若(ruo)(ruo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing),眾神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)歸身,各(ge)居宮闕,故云:眾圣護(hu)(hu)門(men)。
(56)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)升上界(jie),朝(chao)拜(bai)高真(zhen):神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),即(ji)心,道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)典云(yun),聰明正(zheng)直謂之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),陰陽不(bu)測謂之(zhi)(zhi)圣。故(gu)云(yun)心靈則(ze)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)降,道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)降則(ze)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)靈,神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)靈則(ze)圣。神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)明既圣,即(ji)可升。(升,登)。升登于(yu)(yu)上界(jie)。(上界(jie),三(san)(san)(san)界(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)上,三(san)(san)(san)清(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)境(jing)大羅天)。人(ren)(ren)能保精(jing)養氣,愛神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)調(diao)和于(yu)(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)氣,填補于(yu)(yu)腦,烹煉神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)水,變化精(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)氣若全(quan),即(ji)得(de)上升三(san)(san)(san)界(jie),朝(chao)禮太上高尊,凡學仙(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),所說朝(chao)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),即(ji)有二(er)種,一(yi)(yi)(yi)論天地(di),二(er)論人(ren)(ren)身,即(ji)明三(san)(san)(san)丹田,且三(san)(san)(san)界(jie)朝(chao)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)者,即(ji)上元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、下元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。上元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)上應(ying)(ying)玉清(qing)始炁(qi)(qi)所化,號天寶(bao)君,理玉清(qing)圣境(jing)清(qing)微天,總(zong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)部(bu)(bu)圣行之(zhi)(zhi)經,為(wei)洞真(zhen)教(jiao)主(zhu),下于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)身中(zhong)為(wei)上丹田。腦宮也號泥丸宮、帝(di)(di)君以(yi)主(zhu)于(yu)(yu)炁(qi)(qi)。中(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)者,上應(ying)(ying)上清(qing)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)炁(qi)(qi)所化,號靈寶(bao)君,理上清(qing)境(jing)禹余天,總(zong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)部(bu)(bu)真(zhen)行之(zhi)(zhi)經,為(wei)洞玄教(jiao)主(zhu),下于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)身中(zhong)為(wei)中(zhong)丹田,心府宮,帝(di)(di)君主(zhu)于(yu)(yu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。下元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)上應(ying)(ying)太清(qing)玄炁(qi)(qi)所化,號神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)寶(bao)君,理太清(qing)仙(xian)境(jing),大赤(chi)天總(zong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)部(bu)(bu)仙(xian)行之(zhi)(zhi)經,為(wei)洞神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)教(jiao)主(zhu),下于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)身中(zhong)為(wei)下丹田,炁(qi)(qi)海腎(shen)宮,帝(di)(di)君主(zhu)于(yu)(yu)命,此三(san)(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、三(san)(san)(san)宮、三(san)(san)(san)寶(bao),天地(di)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)成(cheng),失之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)傾(qing),人(ren)(ren)生得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)生,失之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)死。故(gu)《黃庭經》云(yun):一(yi)(yi)(yi)身精(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)慎勿失。故(gu)要保愛。又(you)云(yun):仙(xian)人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)士(shi)非有神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),積精(jing)累炁(qi)(qi)以(yi)成(cheng)真(zhen)。此句言,凡學道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),若能運用(yong)精(jing)華,存想神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)炁(qi)(qi),朝(chao)拜(bai)三(san)(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),修功(gong)不(bu)退久而(er)行之(zhi)(zhi),自(zi)得(de)真(zhen)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。
(57)功滿德就,相感帝君。誦(song)持不(bu)(bu)退,身騰紫(zi)云(yun):功滿八百,行(xing)(xing)滿三千。(功行(xing)(xing),此(ci)(ci)指修煉的功行(xing)(xing)。)學(xue)人(ren)(ren)若能行(xing)(xing)胎(tai)息(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),日行(xing)(xing)八百,即可以升天(tian),功行(xing)(xing)感應,自然(ran)升舉。古德云(yun),功圓行(xing)(xing)滿升為金闕(que)之(zhi)(zhi)臣,獨步玉京之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)道(dao)。學(xue)人(ren)(ren)若能專守(shou)三宮(gong),朝拜真元(yuan)(yuan),百節(jie)闕(que)府,自然(ran)通泰,萬(wan)神和暢。相感帝君,指既存守(shou)三元(yuan)(yuan),三元(yuan)(yuan)各有(you)帝君,誦(song)持不(bu)(bu)退,則(ze)心(xin)念正道(dao)。身騰紫(zi)云(yun),指內觀(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),乃有(you)正說,人(ren)(ren)有(you)五(wu)臟屬于五(wu)行(xing)(xing),人(ren)(ren)若修煉五(wu)行(xing)(xing)真炁,傳于五(wu)臟,故(gu)為實腹,五(wu)臟真炁既成,自然(ran)尸解,出有(you)入無,變化自在(zai),存亡恍(huang)惚,此(ci)(ci)為得(de)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)也。紫(zi)云(yun),指五(wu)臟真炁結(jie)成,紫(zi)云(yun)乃是上(shang)(shang)天(tian)誥命之(zhi)(zhi)炁,故(gu)凡得(de)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),皆是乘云(yun)而去,上(shang)(shang)升三境,朝拜太(tai)上(shang)(shang)高尊,以表得(de)道(dao)人(ren)(ren)證于尊貴之(zhi)(zhi)貌。此(ci)(ci)句(ju)言至心(xin)修道(dao)必然(ran)成道(dao)。
《清(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)》,全(quan)稱(cheng)(cheng)《太上(shang)老君說(shuo)常(chang)清(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)》,一卷。作者不詳,一說(shuo)葛玄。道教稱(cheng)(cheng)老君西(xi)游(you)白龜臺(tai)之時,為(wei)西(xi)王母(mu)說(shuo)常(chang)清(qing)靜(jing)經(jing),西(xi)王母(mu)皆口(kou)口(kou)相傳,不記文字,吾今于世書而錄之。為(wei)道士們日常(chang)誦習(xi)的重(zhong)要(yao)功(gong)課(ke)之一。《太上(shang)老君說(shuo)常(chang)清(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)》(簡稱(cheng)(cheng)《清(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)》)大(da)約產生(sheng)于唐朝,當時比較著名的注本為(wei)杜光庭所(suo)注。金代,王重(zhong)陽創立全(quan)真教后(hou),《清(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)》就成為(wei)全(quan)真教的日常(chang)功(gong)課(ke),作為(wei)非常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)的經(jing)典被重(zhong)視。
云篆太虛,浩(hao)劫之初。乍遐(xia)乍邇(ěr) ,或沉(chen)或浮(fu)。五方徘徊,一丈之馀(yú)。天真皇人,按(an)筆乃書。以演(yan)洞(dong)章,次(ci)書靈符。元始下降,真文誕敷。昭昭其有(you),冥(ming)冥(ming)其無。沉(chen)疴(ke)(kē)能自痊,塵勞(lao)溺可扶。幽冥(ming)將(jiang)有(you)賴,由是(shi)升(sheng)仙(xian)都。
關于此(ci)(ci)經的成立時代(dai)(dai),根據(ju)考證應(ying)(ying)為(wei)唐(tang)代(dai)(dai),因: (一)《清(qing)靜經》七(qi)種注本(ben)(ben)中,屬杜(du)(du)光庭注本(ben)(ben)為(wei)最早(zao),杜(du)(du)光庭是(shi)唐(tang)末五代(dai)(dai)人,因此(ci)(ci)《清(qing)靜經》應(ying)(ying)系(xi)晚唐(tang)以前(qian)的作(zuo)品。
(二)「洞神(shen)部 玉訣類 是字(zi)號」的(de)無名氏(shi)注(zhu)本,載有(you)太(tai)極真人向唐(tang) 同昌公主傳(chuan)授五(wu)戒、十善、六(liu)齋、三(san)會、五(wu)臘、五(wu)忌之(zhi)法,并誡其當奉持(chi)《清(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)》之(zhi)事(shi)。注(zhu)中亦記(ji)唐(tang)時靈驗(yan)故事(shi),以(yi)宣(xuan)揚(yang)此(ci)(ci)經(jing)的(de)神(shen)應(ying)。可見此(ci)(ci)經(jing)在唐(tang)時已(yi)普遍流(liu)傳(chuan)。
由(you)以上兩點可知此經成于唐代(dai)殆無疑義(yi)。另從此經文字用例來看(kan),如三毒、六(liu)(liu)欲等詞匯并不(bu)常見于六(liu)(liu)朝以前的古籍。故應為(wei)六(liu)(liu)朝后的作品而非葛洪所(suo)作。疑為(wei)后世道流所(suo)依(yi)托,作者不(bu)詳。
本經文(wen)詞用法糅合儒(ru)釋道(dao)(dao)三家詞語,故作者應是容攝三教(jiao)思(si)想者。其經文(wen)的(de)意義(yi),包含道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)的(de)道(dao)(dao),佛教(jiao)的(de)三業、三界說法以及(ji)儒(ru)家的(de)道(dao)(dao)德說,但其基本思(si)想仍為(wei)老子道(dao)(dao)的(de)本體論與人生(sheng)論。
至(zhi)于此經的(de)(de)成立背景,可大體以(yi)唐時(shi)的(de)(de)宗教(jiao)(jiao)情(qing)況(kuang)概觀。唐初李氏崇(chong)(chong)拜(bai)老子,故崇(chong)(chong)道抑佛;至(zhi)武后(hou)朝,反崇(chong)(chong)佛棄道。這(zhe)種反復(fu)的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)和六朝時(shi)期非常(chang)相似,所以(yi)佛道并(bing)(bing)存在(zai)唐代(dai)(dai),只是一方(fang)(fang)顯(xian)明(ming),另一方(fang)(fang)則灰黯(an),并(bing)(bing)非消失(shi)。到(dao)晚唐時(shi),因政(zheng)治(zhi)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)混(hun)亂,人民(min)浮(fu)奢,遂(sui)需要一些(xie)教(jiao)(jiao)化人心的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)材加(jia)(jia)以(yi)規(gui)范,宗教(jiao)(jiao)于此便發生了凈化作用。亦(yi)因為(wei)佛道并(bing)(bing)存,所以(yi)彼此作品當中皆(jie)有對方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)思想存在(zai),藉(jie)以(yi)吸收社(she)會民(min)眾的(de)(de)認同,故劃分并(bing)(bing)不(bu)很清(qing)楚(chu)。加(jia)(jia)以(yi)這(zhe)部經典旨在(zai)講清(qing)靜、無(wu)欲、陰陽等觀念,其演(yan)變符合(he)唐代(dai)(dai)社(she)會狀況(kuang)所需,更(geng)加(jia)(jia)深此經為(wei)唐朝作品的(de)(de)可信(xin)度。
《清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》全文僅四百多字(zi),去(qu)掉(diao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)末的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題為(wei)(wei)(wei)"仙(xian)人(ren)(ren)葛翁""左玄真人(ren)(ren)""正一(yi)(yi)真人(ren)(ren)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評語(yu)(yu)(yu),則(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到四百字(zi)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)言(yan)(yan)(yan)簡意賅,以(yi)"清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)"為(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)主要(yao)思(si)(si)(si)想,繼(ji)承并發展(zhan)了(le)早期(qi)道(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)(jia),包括(kuo)老莊(zhuang)、列(lie)子、《易(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》等人(ren)(ren)或(huo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想,形成了(le)其(qi)獨(du)具特色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)。該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)雖然(ran)以(yi)道(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)(jia)思(si)(si)(si)想為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,但(dan)同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)(ye)吸收(shou)并借鑒了(le)佛(fo)(fo)教的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)思(si)(si)(si)想和名(ming)詞(ci),尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)中(zhong)"空(kong)(kong)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理念,這也(ye)(ye)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)"遣(qian)欲(yu)觀空(kong)(kong)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)思(si)(si)(si)想。該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei),如(ru)果(guo)人(ren)(ren)能達到清(qing) 清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境界或(huo)者(zhe)狀(zhuang)態(tai), 可以(yi)做到無欲(yu)無求, 還(huan)能應和萬物, 教化(hua)眾(zhong)生(sheng), 使(shi)天地歸于大(da)道(dao)(dao)。朱熹說(shuo):“后(hou)來道(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)(jia)做《清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》, 又(you)卻(que)偷(tou)佛(fo)(fo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)言(yan)(yan)(yan)語(yu)(yu)(yu), 全做得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)好。佛(fo)(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)所(suo)謂‘色(se)(se)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)’處, 他把色(se)(se)、受、想、行、識五(wu)個對一(yi)(yi)個‘空(kong)(kong)’字(zi)說(shuo), 故曰:‘空(kong)(kong)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)。受、想、行、識, 亦(yi)復如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)’, 謂是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)也(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)《清(qing)凈經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》中(zhong)偷(tou)此句意思(si)(si)(si), 卻(que)說(shuo)‘無無亦(yi)無’, 只偷(tou)得(de)他‘色(se)(se)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)’, 卻(que)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曾理會得(de)他‘受、想、行、識, 亦(yi)復如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)’之(zhi)意, 全無道(dao)(dao)理。”《清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》更有(you)可能是(shi)(shi)(shi)受到六朝(chao)時(shi)期(qi)前(qian)秦鳩摩羅什譯本(ben)《心(xin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。《清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》采用了(le)佛(fo)(fo)教的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)六欲(yu)、三(san)毒、空(kong)(kong)、妄心(xin)、煩惱妄想、苦海等專有(you)名(ming)詞(ci)。“空(kong)(kong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想, 很(hen)明顯(xian)來自佛(fo)(fo)教, 而(er)(er)且其(qi)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)結構(gou)(gou)也(ye)(ye)和佛(fo)(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)結構(gou)(gou)相似(si)。其(qi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“既入(ru)真道(dao)(dao), 名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de)道(dao)(dao), 雖名(ming)得(de)道(dao)(dao), 實無所(suo)得(de);為(wei)(wei)(wei)化(hua)眾(zhong)生(sheng), 名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de)道(dao)(dao)”等多處語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)結構(gou)(gou)也(ye)(ye)明顯(xian)模仿了(le)佛(fo)(fo)教的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。 在六朝(chao)以(yi)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian)中(zhong), 沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)“苦海”一(yi)(yi)詞(ci), 而(er)(er)佛(fo)(fo)教傳入(ru)中(zhong)國后(hou), 許多漢(han)譯佛(fo)(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)常(chang)出現這個詞(ci)語(yu)(yu)(yu)。《常(chang)清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei), 眾(zhong)生(sheng)之(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能得(de)到真正意義上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“道(dao)(dao)”, 是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)一(yi)(yi)顆妄動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin),從而(er)(er)在生(sheng)死(si)(si)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷輪回。道(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)死(si)(si)觀與(yu)此不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong), 《莊(zhuang)子》認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)未生(sheng)之(zhi)前(qian)本(ben)來沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)生(sheng)命, 不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)生(sheng)命, 連形體(ti)(ti)(ti)也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you), 而(er)(er)且連構(gou)(gou)成形體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)素都(dou)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you), 混雜在恍(huang)惚之(zhi)中(zhong), 混沌(dun)變化(hua)而(er)(er)有(you)元(yuan)氣, 元(yuan)氣變化(hua)而(er)(er)有(you)形體(ti)(ti)(ti), 形體(ti)(ti)(ti)變化(hua)而(er)(er)有(you)生(sheng)命, 生(sheng)命變化(hua)而(er)(er)至死(si)(si)亡。這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)死(si)(si)變化(hua)如(ru)同(tong)寒來暑往的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四季一(yi)(yi)樣, 如(ru)果(guo)失聲痛哭(ku), 那就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懂(dong)天地自然(ran)變化(hua)之(zhi)理。