《清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)》,全稱(cheng)《太上老(lao)君說(shuo)常(chang)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)》。一卷。作者不(bu)詳,是(shi)道教煉養術(shu)重要資料之(zhi)一。道教稱(cheng)老(lao)君西(xi)游龜臺之(zhi)時,為西(xi)王母(mu)(mu)說(shuo)常(chang)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)。后經(jing)仙人(ren)轉傳(chuan),為葛(ge)玄(xuan)所得,筆錄而傳(chuan)之(zhi)于世。即葛(ge)玄(xuan)曰:“吾(wu)昔受之(zhi)于東(dong)華(hua)帝君,東(dong)華(hua)帝君受之(zhi)于金闕帝君,金闕帝君受之(zhi)于西(xi)王母(mu)(mu)。西(xi)王母(mu)(mu)皆口口相傳(chuan),不(bu)記文(wen)字(zi),吾(wu)今于世書而錄之(zhi)。”因而《清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)》被認為是(shi)三國時葛(ge)玄(xuan)依托之(zhi)作。
老君曰(yue):大(da)(da)道(dao)無(wu)形,生(sheng)育天地;大(da)(da)道(dao)無(wu)情,運行日月;大(da)(da)道(dao)無(wu)名(ming),長養萬物;吾不知其名(ming),強(qiang)名(ming)曰(yue)道(dao)。夫道(dao)者:有(you)清(qing)有(you)濁(zhuo)(zhuo),有(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)靜(jing)(jing);天清(qing)地濁(zhuo)(zhuo),天動(dong)(dong)(dong)地靜(jing)(jing);男清(qing)女濁(zhuo)(zhuo),男動(dong)(dong)(dong)女靜(jing)(jing);降本流末(mo),而生(sheng)萬物。清(qing)者,濁(zhuo)(zhuo)之源,動(dong)(dong)(dong)者,靜(jing)(jing)之基(ji);人能常清(qing)靜(jing)(jing),天地悉皆歸。
夫人(ren)神好清(qing)(qing),而心擾之;人(ren)心好靜(jing),而欲牽(qian)之。常(chang)(chang)(chang)能遣(qian)其(qi)(qi)欲,而心自靜(jing);澄其(qi)(qi)心,而神自清(qing)(qing);自然六欲不生,三毒消滅。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以不能者(zhe),為心未澄,欲未遣(qian)也(ye);能遣(qian)之者(zhe):內觀其(qi)(qi)心,心無(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)心;外(wai)觀其(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing),形(xing)(xing)無(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing);遠觀其(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu),物(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu);三者(zhe)既(ji)悟(wu),唯見於空。觀空亦空,空無(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)空;所(suo)(suo)(suo)空既(ji)無(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)亦無(wu)(wu);無(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)既(ji)無(wu)(wu),湛然常(chang)(chang)(chang)寂(ji)。寂(ji)無(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)寂(ji),欲豈(qi)能生;欲既(ji)不生,即(ji)是(shi)真(zhen)靜(jing)。真(zhen)常(chang)(chang)(chang)應(ying)物(wu)(wu),真(zhen)常(chang)(chang)(chang)得(de)性;常(chang)(chang)(chang)應(ying)常(chang)(chang)(chang)靜(jing),常(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)矣。如此(ci)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing),漸入真(zhen)道(dao)(dao)(dao);既(ji)入真(zhen)道(dao)(dao)(dao),名為得(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao);雖名得(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao),實無(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de);為化眾(zhong)生,名為得(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao);能悟(wu)之者(zhe),可傳圣道(dao)(dao)(dao)。
老君曰(yue):上士無爭,下(xia)士好爭;上德(de)不德(de),下(xia)德(de)執(zhi)德(de);執(zhi)著之(zhi)者(zhe),不名道(dao)德(de)。眾(zhong)生(sheng)所以不得真(zhen)道(dao)者(zhe),為有妄(wang)心(xin)(xin);既(ji)有妄(wang)心(xin)(xin),即驚其神(shen);既(ji)驚其神(shen),即著萬(wan)物;既(ji)著萬(wan)物,即生(sheng)貪求;既(ji)生(sheng)貪求,即是煩惱;煩惱妄(wang)想,憂(you)苦身心(xin)(xin);便(bian)遭濁辱,流浪生(sheng)死(si);常沉苦海,永失真(zhen)道(dao)。真(zhen)常之(zhi)道(dao),悟者(zhe)自得;得悟道(dao)者(zhe),常清靜矣!
仙人葛玄曰(yue):吾(wu)得真(zhen)道,曾誦此(ci)經萬遍。此(ci)經是天人所習,不傳下(xia)士(shi)。吾(wu)昔(xi)受之於(wu)(wu)東華帝君,東華帝君受之於(wu)(wu)金(jin)闕(que)(que)帝君,金(jin)闕(que)(que)帝君受之於(wu)(wu)西(xi)王(wang)(wang)母,西(xi)王(wang)(wang)母皆口(kou)口(kou)相傳,不記文字。吾(wu)今於(wu)(wu)世,書(shu)而錄之。上士(shi)悟之,升(sheng)(sheng)為天官;中士(shi)修之,南宮列仙;下(xia)士(shi)得之,在世長年(nian)。游行(xing)三界,升(sheng)(sheng)入(ru)金(jin)門。
左(zuo)玄真人曰:學道之士,持誦(song)此經(jing)者,即(ji)得十(shi)天善神,擁護其(qi)身 [6] 。然後玉符保神,金液煉(lian)形。形神俱妙,與道合真。
正一真人曰(yue):人家有此經,悟解之者,災障不干(gan),眾圣護門(men)。神升(sheng)上界,朝(chao)拜高真。功滿德就,相感帝君。誦持不退,身(shen)騰紫云。
(1)太(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)說常(chang)(chang)清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing):全稱(cheng)《太(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)說常(chang)(chang)清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)妙經(jing)(jing)》,或《太(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)說常(chang)(chang)清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)真(zhen)(zhen)經(jing)(jing)》,又稱(cheng)《太(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)混元(yuan)上(shang)(shang)德皇帝說常(chang)(chang)清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)》,簡稱(cheng)《清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)》、《常(chang)(chang)清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)》。作者不(bu)詳。此經(jing)(jing)主要闡述“如何清(qing)靜(jing)(jing),漸入真(zhen)(zhen)道(dao)”。“太(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)”,道(dao)教徒對“老(lao)(lao)子(zi)”的尊(zun)(zun)稱(cheng)。“太(tai)(tai)(tai)”為大(da)之(zhi)意,“上(shang)(shang)”為尊(zun)(zun)之(zhi)意;高(gao)(gao)真(zhen)(zhen)莫先眾圣(sheng)共尊(zun)(zun),“太(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)”系(xi)道(dao)門最高(gao)(gao)之(zhi)辭(ci),用以(yi)稱(cheng)呼其神(shen)(shen)仙(xian)體系(xi)中品(pin)位極高(gao)(gao)之(zhi)神(shen)(shen),故為宗祖,太(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)是(shi)(shi)大(da)道(dao)的另一(yi)尊(zun)(zun)號,太(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)道(dao),道(dao)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)。
老即壽,君(jun)是尊(zun)號,道(dao)(dao)清德極,所(suo)(suo)以稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)。說明老君(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)眾圣(sheng)之祖(zu),真神之宗(zong)。一(yi)切(qie)萬物,莫不皆因老君(jun)所(suo)(suo)制,故(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宗(zong)祖(zu)也(ye)(ye)。常為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恒也(ye)(ye)。清為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元,靜(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)炁(qi),經(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)。一(yi)則(ze)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圣(sheng)人(ren)之徑路(lu),二則(ze)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)神仙的(de)梯(ti)凳。凡學道(dao)(dao)的(de)人(ren),都(dou)因經(jing)(jing)戒而成(cheng)真圣(sheng)。圣(sheng)人(ren)沒有不借(jie)(jie)經(jing)(jing)而成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圣(sheng)人(ren),不憑借(jie)(jie)元炁(qi)而成(cheng)道(dao)(dao)的(de)。《清靜(jing)經(jing)(jing)》在道(dao)(dao)教中占有重(zhong)要的(de)位置,歷來為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此作注者眾多。《玄門日(ri)誦早晚(wan)功課(ke)經(jing)(jing)》把《清靜(jing)經(jing)(jing)》放在眾經(jing)(jing)之首,每日(ri)持誦,可(ke)知該經(jing)(jing)是道(dao)(dao)教徒修(xiu)持的(de)一(yi)部非常重(zhong)要的(de)上(shang)乘經(jing)(jing)典。每每朗誦此經(jing)(jing)“夫人(ren)神好清,而心(xin)擾之;人(ren)心(xin)好靜(jing),而欲牽之”。“遣(qian)其(qi)欲而心(xin)自(zi)靜(jing),澄其(qi)心(xin)而神自(zi)清”。自(zi)然而然就能“清靜(jing)”、“漸入真道(dao)(dao)”。
(2)老(lao)君曰:大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)無形,生育(yu)(yu)天(tian)地:老(lao)君,太上(shang)(shang)老(lao)君的(de)簡稱。曰,稱、說。大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao),道(dao)(dao)是(shi)至高(gao)無上(shang)(shang)的(de),是(shi)在沒(mei)有(you)天(tian)地之(zhi)前,有(you)一個沒(mei)有(you)形狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)最高(gao)能源,《道(dao)(dao)德經》中說她(ta)(ta)“獨立而(er)不(bu)改,周行而(er)不(bu)殆”。世間(jian)萬物都是(shi)由她(ta)(ta)所(suo)(suo)生。《道(dao)(dao)德經》中說:“道(dao)(dao)生一,一生二,二生三(san)。三(san)生萬物。”因(yin)天(tian)地萬物皆為“道(dao)(dao)”的(de)化(hua)生,故(gu)注稱“大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)”。她(ta)(ta)是(shi)不(bu)可名狀(zhuang)(zhuang)之(zhi)物,而(er)又大(da)(da)而(er)無外(wai),小而(er)無內(nei),杳(yao)杳(yao)冥冥,其中有(you)精,混(hun)混(hun)沌(dun)沌(dun),分為陰陽(yang)。無形,視之(zhi)不(bu)見。生育(yu)(yu),育(yu)(yu),養育(yu)(yu),長(chang)養陰陽(yang),所(suo)(suo)以叫生育(yu)(yu),陽(yang)為清(qing),上(shang)(shang)升為天(tian),陰為濁,下(xia)降為地,此言大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)是(shi)永恒不(bu)滅的(de),天(tian)地萬物,都是(shi)從她(ta)(ta)而(er)生,由她(ta)(ta)所(suo)(suo)養,最后(hou)由她(ta)(ta)化(hua)解,她(ta)(ta)是(shi)萬有(you)之(zhi)源,萬化(hua)之(zhi)本。所(suo)(suo)以說她(ta)(ta)生育(yu)(yu)天(tian)地。
(3)大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)無(wu)情,運行(xing)(xing)日月(yue):大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao),至(zhi)高無(wu)上,極尊(zun)至(zhi)貴的道(dao)(dao)(dao)。無(wu)情,沒有(you)(you)偏(pian)愛及(ji)私(si)情。運行(xing)(xing),旋轉運行(xing)(xing),此處指(zhi)化生(sheng)萬物(wu)。日月(yue),指(zhi)日月(yue)星辰及(ji)世間萬物(wu)。此句(ju)言人有(you)(you)喜、怒(nu)、哀、樂等表現,都是(shi)從一(yi)(yi)個“情”字中而來,然而不可名狀的大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao),雖然萬物(wu)都在(zai)她的包容之中,但她則(ze)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)視(shi)同仁,沒有(you)(you)半點偏(pian)愛和私(si)護,在(zai)大(da)(da)宇(yu)宙中旋轉運行(xing)(xing),沒有(you)(you)止息,也沒有(you)(you)偏(pian)差,試想這種充(chong)沛的能力及(ji)行(xing)(xing)為,是(shi)誰給她的呢(ni)?那(nei)就是(shi)沒有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)分(fen)一(yi)(yi)毫私(si)情的大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。
(4)大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)無(wu)名,長(chang)養(yang)萬(wan)(wan)物:無(wu)名,是指無(wu)形(xing)無(wu)象的(de)混元大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao),因無(wu)形(xing)無(wu)象,所以(yi)叫無(wu)名。《道(dao)(dao)(dao)德經》云(yun):“道(dao)(dao)(dao)常無(wu)名。”無(wu)名指有功而(er)不(bu)為名的(de)意思。《道(dao)(dao)(dao)德經》又(you)云(yun):“大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)泛兮,其(qi)可(ke)左右。萬(wan)(wan)物恃之以(yi)生(sheng)而(er)不(bu)辭,功成而(er)不(bu)有。”不(bu)有指不(bu)為已有,也是指無(wu)名之意。長(chang)養(yang),生(sheng)長(chang)養(yang)育。萬(wan)(wan)物,指世間萬(wan)(wan)事(shi)萬(wan)(wan)物。此句言大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)自生(sheng)萬(wan)(wan)事(shi)萬(wan)(wan)物而(er)不(bu)為已有的(de)博大(da)胸懷和無(wu)私。
(5)吾不(bu)(bu)知其(qi)名(ming),強名(ming)曰(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao):吾,即我。不(bu)(bu)知其(qi)名(ming),不(bu)(bu)知道(dao)(dao)(dao)她的名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng),如(ru)何(he)稱(cheng)(cheng)謂她。強名(ming),勉(mian)強稱(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)。此句言(yan)大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)是萬(wan)(wan)事萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)產生(sheng)、發(fa)展、滅亡的根源,就連太上(shang)老君都(dou)不(bu)(bu)知道(dao)(dao)(dao)怎么稱(cheng)(cheng)呼她,給她定(ding)稱(cheng)(cheng),就勉(mian)強稱(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)“道(dao)(dao)(dao)”。《道(dao)(dao)(dao)德(de)經》云(yun):“有(you)物(wu)混成,先天地生(sheng)。寂兮(xi)寥兮(xi),獨立而不(bu)(bu)改,周行而不(bu)(bu)殆。可以為(wei)天下(xia)母。吾不(bu)(bu)知其(qi)名(ming),字之(zhi)曰(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。”
此段(duan)總的(de)(de)(de)是講,太上老君教人(ren)知道(dao)(dao)什么是萬事(shi)萬物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)根源,她是沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)形狀(zhuang)、沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)情欲、沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)名字的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)之體,她是天地(di)萬物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)運作長養的(de)(de)(de)惟(wei)一(yi)(yi)操作者(zhe)。沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)她,世界(jie)將毫無(wu)(wu)(wu)生機可(ke)言(yan),凡(fan)是有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)智慧的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)士,應當觀察(cha)她的(de)(de)(de)永(yong)(yong)恒常存,向她學(xue)習(xi)。一(yi)(yi)要(yao)學(xue)習(xi)她的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)形。“外其身(shen)而身(shen)修,忘其形而形存”。“吾(wu)所(suo)以有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)患(huan)(huan)者(zhe),為吾(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)身(shen),及吾(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)身(shen),吾(wu)又(you)何患(huan)(huan)”。二要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)情,無(wu)(wu)(wu)情就是無(wu)(wu)(wu)念,就是沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)七情六欲,心地(di)才(cai)能(neng)清靜,本性(xing)才(cai)能(neng)永(yong)(yong)住(zhu)。第三要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)名。萬事(shi)萬物(wu)都是從無(wu)(wu)(wu)名中生出,修行的(de)(de)(de)人(ren),如果能(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)舍去有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)形之身(shen),忘掉肉體之我(wo),即是大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)形之功;能(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)念不(bu)動,心地(di)圓(yuan)滿無(wu)(wu)(wu)缺,即是大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)情之功。能(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)這些,在(zai)你的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)海中無(wu)(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)物(wu)可(ke)思,無(wu)(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)事(shi)可(ke)言(yan)。達(da)到(dao)不(bu)可(ke)名狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)元始先(xian)天境界(jie),即有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)無(wu)(wu)(wu)名的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)之體了,到(dao)此則萬福并致,圓(yuan)滿無(wu)(wu)(wu)缺,常此先(xian)天大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)必然有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)成了。
(6)夫(fu)道者,有(you)(you)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)有(you)(you)濁,有(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)(you)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。天(tian)(tian)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)地(di)濁,天(tian)(tian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)地(di)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。男清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)女(nv)(nv)濁,男動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)女(nv)(nv)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。降本(ben)(ben)流末(mo)(mo)(mo),而(er)(er)(er)生萬物:夫(fu),發(fa)語詞(ci)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)為(wei)天(tian)(tian),正陽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炁(qi),上升(sheng)為(wei)天(tian)(tian)。濁為(wei)地(di),正陰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炁(qi),下結為(wei)地(di)。有(you)(you)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)有(you)(you)濁,指(zhi)能(neng)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)濁,如(ru)宇宙中有(you)(you)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)水(shui)就有(you)(you)濁水(shui)一樣。動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),指(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)態(tai)。靜(jing)(jing)(jing),指(zhi)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)態(tai)。有(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)(you)靜(jing)(jing)(jing),指(zhi)能(neng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。天(tian)(tian)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),指(zhi)天(tian)(tian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)而(er)(er)(er)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。地(di)濁,指(zhi)地(di)凝而(er)(er)(er)濁。天(tian)(tian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)地(di)靜(jing)(jing)(jing),指(zhi)天(tian)(tian)地(di)有(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)(you)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。男清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),男子(zi)有(you)(you)神(shen)炁(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。女(nv)(nv)濁,女(nv)(nv)子(zi)有(you)(you)敗血之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)濁。男動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),男子(zi)好動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。女(nv)(nv)靜(jing)(jing)(jing),女(nv)(nv)子(zi)好靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。降本(ben)(ben),歸于根本(ben)(ben)。流末(mo)(mo)(mo),返于末(mo)(mo)(mo)端(duan)。此句(ju)說:道分清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)濁動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)喻,男女(nv)(nv)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機,清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)濁動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li),男女(nv)(nv)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)濁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用,動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機,萬物本(ben)(ben)末(mo)(mo)(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由(you)。
(7)清(qing)者(zhe)濁(zhuo)之源(yuan),動(dong)者(zhe)靜之基(ji)(ji):源(yuan),源(yuan)頭。基(ji)(ji),基(ji)(ji)礎、根本。清(qing)者(zhe)濁(zhuo)之源(yuan),動(dong)者(zhe)靜之基(ji)(ji),指清(qing)、濁(zhuo)、動(dong)、靜乃(nai)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)之態,有(you)(you)晴天就(jiu)有(you)(you)陰天,有(you)(you)生就(jiu)有(you)(you)死,兩者(zhe)相(xiang)(xiang)互轉化的運動(dong),才有(you)(you)生生不息的大道運行(xing)。
(8)人(ren)能常清(qing)靜,天(tian)地悉(xi)(xi)皆歸(gui):此句(ju)言學仙(xian)之人(ren),能堅守(shou)(shou)于(yu)(yu)至(zhi)(zhi)道,一(yi)切萬物自然(ran)歸(gui)之。經(jing)云(yun):“江河淮海,非欲于(yu)(yu)魚(yu)鱉蛟(jiao)龍,魚(yu)鱉蛟(jiao)龍自來(lai)歸(gui)之。人(ren)能清(qing)虛寡欲,無為非于(yu)(yu)至(zhi)(zhi)道,至(zhi)(zhi)道自來(lai)歸(gui)之于(yu)(yu)人(ren)。但(dan)能守(shou)(shou)太和元(yuan)炁(qi),體道合真,萬物悉(xi)(xi)歸(gui)耳。”
此段總(zong)述了,所(suo)謂大(da)道(dao)的(de)造化(hua),乃是大(da)道(dao)中自(zi)然而然大(da)道(dao)無形的(de)運作(zuo),絲毫沒(mei)有(you)一點自(zi)私(si)的(de)作(zuo)為,這(zhe)樣(yang)才(cai)能做到(dao)“大(da)道(dao)之行(xing)也,天下為公”的(de)境界(jie)。清、濁、動、靜、天、地、男、女,萬(wan)事萬(wan)物(wu)的(de)生(sheng)生(sheng)化(hua)化(hua),由本到(dao)末的(de)運行(xing),永(yong)不停(ting)止,人(ren)在其(qi)境,如果(guo)迷于其(qi)中,隨波逐流,便是生(sheng)死流浪(lang)!如果(guo)放下身心(xin),合于大(da)道(dao)的(de)清靜無為,便是道(dao)德(de)崇高的(de)人(ren)了。
(9)夫(fu)人(ren)神(shen)(shen)好(hao)清,而(er)心(xin)擾(rao)之;人(ren)心(xin)好(hao)靜(jing),而(er)欲牽之:神(shen)(shen),此(ci)處(chu)指人(ren)的元神(shen)(shen)本性,來自無極中的真陽之靈。心(xin),元炁結(jie)成(cheng)的東西,圣人(ren)云:“聲色不(bu)(bu)(bu)止神(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)清,思慮不(bu)(bu)(bu)止心(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)寧,心(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)寧兮(xi)神(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)靈,神(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)寧兮(xi)道不(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)。”七情六欲,是(shi)識神(shen)(shen)著了外(wai)境而(er)生之貪念(nian)(nian),元炁所結(jie)成(cheng)之心(xin),本來也(ye)是(shi)好(hao)靜(jing),但貪欲之念(nian)(nian)一起,牽動一心(xin),就不(bu)(bu)(bu)再(zai)平靜(jing)了。此(ci)句言人(ren)的心(xin)神(shen)(shen)本來清靜(jing),都是(shi)因(yin)世欲之事干擾(rao),而(er)使之不(bu)(bu)(bu)清靜(jing)。
(10)常能遣(qian)(qian)其欲,而(er)心(xin)(xin)自靜(jing),澄其心(xin)(xin)而(er)神自清:遣(qian)(qian),去(qu)除(chu)。澄,澄清。此句(ju)言人(ren)能去(qu)除(chu)七情六(liu)欲,內(nei)(nei)守元和自然(ran)之炁,內(nei)(nei)心(xin)(xin)自然(ran)而(er)然(ran)就(jiu)會安靜(jing),七情六(liu)欲就(jiu)不能存在。古仙云:“欲從心(xin)(xin)起,息從心(xin)(xin)定,心(xin)(xin)息相依,息調(diao)心(xin)(xin)靜(jing)。”
(11)自然(ran)六(liu)欲(yu)不生,三(san)毒(du)消滅:六(liu)欲(yu),指六(liu)根,六(liu)根指眼(yan)、耳、口、鼻、心、意。欲(yu),染(ran)著之(zhi)貌,情愛之(zhi)喻。觀境而染(ran),謂之(zhi)欲(yu)。所以眼(yan)見耳聞,意知心覺。世上之(zhi)人如(ru)(ru)果能(neng)斷其(qi)情,去其(qi)欲(yu),澄其(qi)心,忘其(qi)慮,而安其(qi)神,那么六(liu)欲(yu)自然(ran)而然(ran)就會消滅不能(neng)存在。三(san)毒(du)為三(san)尸,上尸彭(peng)琚、中(zhong)尸彭(peng)瓚、下尸彭(peng)矯。上尸好華(hua)飾,中(zhong)尸好滋味,下尸好淫欲(yu)。人若能(neng)斷其(qi)華(hua)飾,遠離滋味,絕其(qi)淫欲(yu),去此三(san)事,就能(neng)使(shi)毒(du)消滅,三(san)毒(du)既滅,就能(neng)神如(ru)(ru)炁暢,自然(ran)清靜。
(12)所以不能(neng)(neng)者(zhe),為心(xin)未(wei)澄,欲(yu)未(wei)遣也:所以不能(neng)(neng)者(zhe),所以不能(neng)(neng)夠做到的,指人心(xin)被名利、聲色(se)、滋味等所動,性(xing)亂情(qing)惑。為心(xin)未(wei)澄,指心(xin)不能(neng)(neng)澄清。欲(yu)未(wei)遣也,指欲(yu)不能(neng)(neng)去除。此句言(yan)人心(xin)迷惑未(wei)斷,心(xin)有所染,不能(neng)(neng)窮盡(jin)妙理。
(13)能(neng)遣之者,內觀其(qi)心(xin)(xin),心(xin)(xin)無(wu)(wu)其(qi)心(xin)(xin):人能(neng)斷情、絕貪(tan)、去欲,即無(wu)(wu)三毒之害(hai),使心(xin)(xin)處于形(xing)內,不能(neng)夠從外形(xing)上看到心(xin)(xin)內世界,心(xin)(xin)無(wu)(wu)其(qi)心(xin)(xin)。即無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)可(ke)觀,無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)可(ke)觀則無(wu)(wu)所用(yong),無(wu)(wu)所修。就達到清靜之道(dao)了。
(14)外(wai)觀其(qi)形(xing)(xing),形(xing)(xing)無(wu)其(qi)形(xing)(xing):形(xing)(xing)由心主宰,心由形(xing)(xing)表現出(chu)來。形(xing)(xing)無(wu)主就不(bu)能安(an)靜,心沒有(you)(you)形(xing)(xing)表現出(chu)來就不(bu)存在,心處于內(nei),形(xing)(xing)見于外(wai),內(nei)外(wai)相承,不(bu)可(ke)相離。凡夫但知矜(jin)貴(gui)此(ci)身(shen)(shen)(shen), 而(er)(er)惡(e)大(da)(da)患(huan)(huan),不(bu)知大(da)(da)患(huan)(huan)即是(shi)(shi)我身(shen)(shen)(shen),多求(qiu)資養,終歸滅壞(huai),故(gu)貴(gui)身(shen)(shen)(shen)即是(shi)(shi)貴(gui)患(huan)(huan),惡(e)患(huan)(huan)即 可(ke)惡(e)身(shen)(shen)(shen),為(wei)(wei)貴(gui)與大(da)(da)患(huan)(huan),俱以(yi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)為(wei)(wei)本,故(gu)言(yan)(yan)若也。只為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)所(suo),以(yi)有(you)(you)身(shen)(shen)(shen)患(huan)(huan),身(shen)(shen)(shen)既無(wu)矣,患(huan)(huan)豈有(you)(you)焉(yan),故(gu)我無(wu)身(shen)(shen)(shen),患(huan)(huan)將安(an)托。所(suo)言(yan)(yan)無(wu)者,坐忘喪我,隳體離形(xing)(xing),即身(shen)(shen)(shen)無(wu)身(shen)(shen)(shen),無(wu)身(shen)(shen)(shen)非是(shi)(shi)滅壞(huai),而(er)(er)稱無(wu)也。故(gu)貴(gui)以(yi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)下,若可(ke)寄天(tian)(tian)下,不(bu)知身(shen)(shen)(shen)是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)患(huan)(huan),矜(jin)而(er)(er)貴(gui)之,自(zi)貴(gui)其(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen),恒欲陵物(wu)(wu),如(ru)此(ci)之人,適(shi)可(ke)暫寓於(wu)世間(jian),不(bu)得久視於(wu)天(tian)(tian)下。愛以(yi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)下,若可(ke)托天(tian)(tian)下,寄是(shi)(shi)暫時寄寓,托謂永(yong)相附托,言(yan)(yan)能保(bao)愛己身(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)輕馳騖。謙(qian)以(yi)自(zi)牧,雌而(er)(er)順物(wu)(wu)者,則(ze)可(ke)以(yi)托化於(wu)天(tian)(tian)下,故(gu)德經(jing)云自(zi)愛不(bu)自(zi)貴(gui)。獨不(bu)以(yi)生為(wei)(wei)生者,是(shi)(shi)善(shan)能攝衛貴(gui)生之人也。
(15)遠觀其(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),物(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu):物(wu)(wu)(wu),道(dao)之妙(miao)用,非世(shi)間(jian)的一般物(wu)(wu)(wu)體,五行造(zao)化(hua)謂之物(wu)(wu)(wu),塊(kuai)需然有(you)凝謂之形(xing)。凡是有(you)形(xing)質的,都是后(hou)天(tian)(tian)之物(wu)(wu)(wu),物(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),謂之真,真空(kong)也(ye)。《道(dao)德經》云:“道(dao)之為物(wu)(wu)(wu),惟恍(huang)惟惚。”又曰:“恍(huang)兮(xi)惚兮(xi),其(qi)(qi)中有(you)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。”此句言修道(dao)之士,應當認(ren)取先天(tian)(tian)恍(huang)惚中的真物(wu)(wu)(wu),而放下(xia)后(hou)天(tian)(tian)有(you)形(xing)的假物(wu)(wu)(wu),如此才(cai)能(neng)修道(dao)成真。
(16)三者既悟,惟見(jian)于空(kong):三者,指心、形、物。空(kong),道(dao)之用。此句言凡夫俗子(zi),都執著身、心、外物三種東西,而學(xue)道(dao)的(de)人,又常常執著外面的(de)法界(jie),內里的(de)元神,遠處的(de)神通,以至“凡”能(neng)證(zheng)“圣”,“圣”不能(neng)成“神”。如(ru)果能(neng)摒棄這些(xie),使大(da)道(dao)賦予了神性,即可超(chao)凡入圣了。再進一步(bu)修煉到(dao)“圣而不可知之謂(wei)神”的(de)高上境界(jie),即是真(zhen)空(kong)的(de)境界(jie)了。
(17)觀(guan)空(kong)(kong)亦空(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)無(wu)所空(kong)(kong):空(kong)(kong),真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)。空(kong)(kong)有(you)(you)兩種形式,有(you)(you)大(da)(da)空(kong)(kong),有(you)(you)小(xiao)空(kong)(kong)。此二空(kong)(kong)懼無(wu)即自然不染正性,以(yi)成真(zhen)(zhen)道(dao)。觀(guan)空(kong)(kong)也(ye)空(kong)(kong),大(da)(da)道(dao)無(wu)象(xiang),空(kong)(kong)也(ye)有(you)(you)空(kong)(kong)象(xiang),應把此空(kong)(kong)象(xiang)也(ye)加以(yi)忘去(qu),則真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)之境更加真(zhen)(zhen)實。空(kong)(kong)無(wu)所空(kong)(kong),凡居(ju)有(you)(you)質,都憑借大(da)(da)道(dao)而成形,一(yi)切物類,都是從(cong)道(dao)而產生。大(da)(da)道(dao)坦然常存于物,非為斷滅(mie)也(ye)。
(18)所空(kong)既無(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)亦無(wu)(wu):大道沒(mei)有(you)窮盡,修(xiu)道到(dao)了空(kong)也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)有(you)處所之(zhi)后,空(kong)也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)有(you)了。如果(guo)仍然有(you)空(kong),就不(bu)(bu)能達到(dao)無(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)境界(jie),再進一步做到(dao)無(wu)(wu)之(zhi)又無(wu)(wu),就無(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)存在了。空(kong)有(you)皆忘(wang)才可以達到(dao)徹底的(de)(de)真無(wu)(wu)。
(19)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)既(ji)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),湛然(ran)常寂:無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)執。世間萬(wan)事萬(wan)物,都(dou)(dou)生于(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),而歸(gui)于(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生于(yu)有(you)(you)(you),有(you)(you)(you)歸(gui)于(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)也(ye),有(you)(you)(you)者(zhe)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。金木(mu)水(shui)火土異物,自然(ran)相假,眾(zhong)相寄托,共成一身。是(shi)(shi)知形體(ti),由來虛無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。細析推(tui)陳出尋(xun),遍體(ti)虛幻,況一切諸法、念念,亦(yi)復如(ru)是(shi)(shi)。是(shi)(shi)知無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you),有(you)(you)(you)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),自然(ran)而已。故經曰(yue):無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)既(ji)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。功夫到(dao)了(le)空也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)地步,就萬(wan)法都(dou)(dou)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)了(le),達到(dao)湛然(ran)而又圓滿的(de)虛靜(jing)真(zhen)本,即(ji)成真(zhen)道(dao)了(le)。
(20)寂無所寂,欲豈(qi)能生:寂到(dao)了(le)(le)盡(jin)頭(tou),連寂都不存在了(le)(le),就(jiu)到(dao)了(le)(le)無為、無事(shi)、無欲的境界,自然成道了(le)(le)。
(21)欲(yu)既(ji)不生,即是真靜:真靜,自然無欲(yu)。求靜必須先遣欲(yu),有欲(yu)則(ze)患生,無欲(yu)則(ze)無憂(you),無憂(you)則(ze)可進(jin)入真靜。
(22)真(zhen)常(chang)(chang)應(ying)(ying)物(wu)(wu):真(zhen),體無增減(jian)謂之(zhi)真(zhen)。常(chang)(chang)者,法(fa)也。常(chang)(chang)能法(fa)則叫真(zhen)常(chang)(chang)之(zhi)法(fa)。法(fa)則真(zhen)常(chang)(chang)應(ying)(ying)物(wu)(wu),隨(sui)機而化導眾生。“寂(ji)然(ran)不動,感(gan)而遂(sui)通”,“感(gan)而遂(sui)通”依舊“寂(ji)然(ran)不動”。才能真(zhen)常(chang)(chang)應(ying)(ying)物(wu)(wu)。
(23)真(zhen)常(chang)得性(xing)(xing):凡(fan)欲得成(cheng)真(zhen)性(xing)(xing),須修(xiu)常(chang)性(xing)(xing)而為(wei)道(dao)性(xing)(xing)。得者動也(ye)。動其本性(xing)(xing),謂其得性(xing)(xing)。
(24)常(chang)(chang)應(ying)常(chang)(chang)靜(jing),常(chang)(chang)清(qing)靜(jing)矣:“事(shi)(shi)來則應(ying)”,常(chang)(chang)應(ying)則無(wu)所不(bu)(bu)應(ying)。常(chang)(chang)者道體也,應(ying)者靈機也。言道體可(ke)(ke)以隨機而(er)應(ying)萬變(bian)。“事(shi)(shi)去(qu)則忘”如(ru)浮云過(guo)(guo)空,云過(guo)(guo)則天(tian)又(you)(you)清(qing)又(you)(you)靜(jing)。可(ke)(ke)知,不(bu)(bu)管(guan)天(tian)之(zhi)有云無(wu)云,而(er)天(tian)體本凈,不(bu)(bu)管(guan)心(xin)之(zhi)有事(shi)(shi)無(wu)事(shi)(shi),皆(jie)可(ke)(ke)常(chang)(chang)若無(wu)心(xin),無(wu)心(xin)之(zhi)心(xin),是為(wei)道心(xin),是為(wei)真心(xin),真心(xin)乃(nai)清(qing)靜(jing)無(wu)染之(zhi)心(xin),也即可(ke)(ke)應(ying)萬境萬變(bian)而(er)永恒不(bu)(bu)變(bian)之(zhi)心(xin)。
(25)如此清(qing)靜(jing),漸(jian)入真道:真道,指清(qing)靜(jing)之性(xing)。真,即為道。此句言經中不言,令人須假(jia)性(xing)修,漸(jian)進(jin)而成真。
(26)既入真道,名為得道:此句接上(shang)句,言既入真道,名悟修(xiu)真。煉凡成真,煉真成神。
(27)雖名得(de)(de)(de)道(dao),實(shi)無所(suo)得(de)(de)(de):雖然從名目(mu)上說,似乎是得(de)(de)(de)到了(le)道(dao),但(dan)其實(shi)道(dao)為天地(di)之本(ben)源,宇(yu)宙之原動力,大自然之規(gui)律。獨立而(er)不(bu)改,周(zhou)行(xing)而(er)不(bu)殆。自本(ben)自根,未(wei)有天地(di),自古(gu)以固(gu)存。先天地(di)生而(er)不(bu)為久,長于(yu)上古(gu)而(er)不(bu)為老。太上無極(ji)大道(dao),本(ben)無得(de)(de)(de)無失,無形(xing)無象(xiang),視之不(bu)見,聽之不(bu)聞,搏(bo)之不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)。故曰實(shi)無所(suo)得(de)(de)(de)。
(28)為化眾生,名(ming)為得道:化,返(fan)以守真謂之(zhi)(zhi)化。化,遷(qian)變(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)義。逐(zhu)換應(ying)見(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),化別種種,應(ying)見(jian)(jian)(jian)容儀。有無莫測,透(tou)化時人。透(tou)化者,指事(shi)為喻。恒(heng)勸開悟教(jiao)(jiao)道之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)。普令后學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)人。舍惡從善,惜身(shen)保命。故(gu)要歸于圣(sheng)教(jiao)(jiao)。只(zhi)有太上西化流沙,八十一國,亦法視(shi)相,或見(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)人,身(shen)千(qian)丈(zhang);或見(jian)(jian)(jian)小人,身(shen)長丈(zhang)八。變(bian)見(jian)(jian)(jian)無方,易形改號。或曰(yue)金(jin)仙(xian),或曰(yue)梵仙(xian)。隨方設化,同體異名(ming)。教(jiao)(jiao)人修(xiu)道,去妄(wang)成真。乃立清靜之(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao),是為得道。
(29)能(neng)悟(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)者,可(ke)(ke)傳(chuan)圣(sheng)道(dao):悟(wu),覺,猶通。此句言凡學仙之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),若悟(wu)真理,則不(bu)(bu)以(yi)西(xi)竺東土為(wei)(wei)名,分(fen)別六合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)內,天上地下,道(dao)化(hua)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若悟(wu)解之(zhi)(zhi)者也(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)至道(dao)為(wei)(wei)尊,也(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)眾教為(wei)(wei)異,也(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)儒(ru)宗為(wei)(wei)別。能(neng)悟(wu)本(ben)性,非分(fen)別所(suo)得(de)。但能(neng)體似虛無,常得(de)至道(dao)。歸身(shen)內修(xiu)清(qing)靜,則順天從也(ye)(ye)(ye),名合(he)人(ren)事,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)救苦拔衰。以(yi)此修(xiu)持,自然清(qing)靜。人(ren)能(neng)清(qing)靜,至道(dao)自來,不(bu)(bu)求自得(de),不(bu)(bu)學而成。清(qing)靜自然,圣(sheng)道(dao)歸身(shen),所(suo)以(yi)說可(ke)(ke)傳(chuan)圣(sheng)道(dao)。
此段總的(de)是講了(le)要“遣欲”、“澄心(xin)”,在做(zuo)到“無(wu)心(xin)”、“無(wu)形(xing)”、“無(wu)物”的(de)境界后,還要把“空”、“無(wu)”及湛然之(zhi)(zhi)“寂”也(ye)當做(zuo)有名之(zhi)(zhi)物,遣而(er)(er)忘之(zhi)(zhi),以達到“真常”、“清(qing)靜”,從而(er)(er)“得(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)”。所謂得(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao),并不是指(zhi)有形(xing)有象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao),而(er)(er)是得(de)(de)證虛靈本(ben)性圓滿無(wu)缺之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao),得(de)(de)了(le)此道(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)后,可以應物應事,玄同(tong)萬物。妙合先天之(zhi)(zhi)炁,而(er)(er)運化于萬物內外,綿(mian)綿(mian)無(wu)盡。
(30)老君曰:上(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)無爭(zheng),下(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)好爭(zheng):上(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi),有修(xiu)(xiu)為有涵(han)(han)養(yang)的上(shang)(shang)等智慧(hui)的人(ren),是(shi)上(shang)(shang)德派(pai)生的。下(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi),指修(xiu)(xiu)為涵(han)(han)養(yang)各方(fang)面都(dou)次于上(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)的人(ren)。爭(zheng),求靜,執有之(zhi)意。此句言有修(xiu)(xiu)為有涵(han)(han)養(yang)的上(shang)(shang)等智慧(hui)的人(ren),不與外界爭(zheng)勝爭(zheng)強而(er)自(zi)強。這是(shi)上(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)所(suo)獲得的福炁(qi),而(er)下(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)由于一(yi)味爭(zheng)取身外之(zhi)物,而(er)失其內在真性,終使神喪炁(qi)絕,一(yi)無所(suo)獲。
(31)上德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),下(xia)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de):德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)道(dao)所(suo)表(biao)現(xian)出來的(de)(de),通于(yu)道(dao)。經云:“道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)我即為德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。”又云:“德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)者得也。”德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)體性特征(zheng)都同(tong)于(yu)道(dao),道(dao)無(wu)形(xing)無(wu)象,含而不(bu)露,空(kong)虛(xu)而無(wu)跡象,卻(que)無(wu)所(suo)不(bu)有,無(wu)所(suo)不(bu)在(zai),無(wu)所(suo)不(bu)為,無(wu)所(suo)不(bu)成。生育天地,運行日月,長養萬物,卻(que)不(bu)自(zi)恃(shi)、自(zi)彰。這種特征(zheng)表(biao)現(xian)在(zai)人身上,就叫“上德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”。上德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和常德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一樣,是(shi)內(nei)在(zai)的(de)(de)、實質(zhi)的(de)(de)、無(wu)形(xing)的(de)(de)、自(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de),而不(bu)是(shi)外在(zai)的(de)(de)、表(biao)面的(de)(de)、形(xing)式上的(de)(de)東西。因而,無(wu)形(xing)的(de)(de)道(dao)是(shi)大道(dao),無(wu)形(xing)的(de)(de)內(nei)在(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)上德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而下(xia)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,一味(wei)追求有為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,飄(piao)流浮于(yu)開、情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,自(zi)以(yi)為是(shi),無(wu)法突破(po)小我而進(jin)入無(wu)我的(de)(de)高上境界。
(32)執(zhi)著之者(zhe),不名道(dao)德:執(zhi)著,指執(zhi)德、下德。道(dao)德,指通變無(wu)方,存(cun)亡自(zi)在,應見即用(yong),能(neng)尊能(neng)貴,悉皆自(zi)然。此(ci)句言(yan)下德之人,故執(zhi)諸相,行流涉于有為,是不懂(dong)事(shi)理,不懂(dong)道(dao)德的人,不能(neng)成道(dao)。
此(ci)段(duan)總講了人能(neng)安分守己(ji),善保自(zi)性,摒去一切塵障,樂道報德,自(zi)然(ran)靈性升華,福壽無邊,切莫執(zhi)著一事(shi)(shi)一物而自(zi)困愁城,成(cheng)為一個不明(ming)事(shi)(shi)理(li)、不能(neng)自(zi)拔的人。
(33)眾生(sheng)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)不得真道者,為有(you)(you)妄(wang)心(xin)(xin)(xin):妄(wang),動(dong)(dong)。情浮意(yi)動(dong)(dong),心(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)所(suo)(suo)妄(wang)。動(dong)(dong),亂(luan)思,因妄(wang)亂(luan)了本性(xing)。此句言(yan)一切眾生(sheng)不得真道的(de)原因,都是被(bei)情染意(yi)動(dong)(dong)。妄(wang)有(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)思,思有(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)惑(惑,感(gan)其情而(er)妄(wang)動(dong)(dong)于意(yi))。意(yi)動(dong)(dong)其思而(er)妄(wang)生(sheng)于心(xin)(xin)(xin)。人一但有(you)(you)了妄(wang)動(dong)(dong)之心(xin)(xin)(xin),自(zi)然不能清靜,又說(shuo)妄(wang)動(dong)(dong)即亡。都亡失道性(xing)。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)說(shuo)逐境而(er)感(gan)情妄(wang)動(dong)(dong),不能得到真道。
(34)既(ji)有(you)妄心(xin),即驚(jing)其(qi)神:驚(jing),指(zhi)心(xin)之極畏,不只指(zhi)盡(jin)驚(jing)。驚(jing)有(you)兩種情況(kuang),一指(zhi)內(nei)修清(qing)靜,忘了形(xing)而驚(jing)其(qi)神;二指(zhi)外(wai)習事情,勞于心(xin)而驚(jing)其(qi)形(xing)。此句言外(wai)又既(ji)驚(jing)其(qi)形(xing)體,內(nei)誘自(zi)然驚(jing)于其(qi)神。想要心(xin)神安靜,就要外(wai)欲不生,欲不能生,自(zi)然清(qing)靜。
(35)既驚其(qi)神(shen)(shen),即(ji)著(zhu)萬物:人如果驚其(qi)神(shen)(shen),外(wai)就有所著(zhu)于(yu)境,內(nei)里就失(shi)去正(zheng)性,也(ye)可理解為道(dao)貴守一,不可著(zhu)于(yu)萬物而驚其(qi)神(shen)(shen)。
(36)既著萬物,即生貪求:貪,過分追求、偏愛(ai)。有兩(liang)種情況:一是貪于(yu)世(shi)事,外求華飾(shi)欲樂,這(zhe)種情況為(wei)陰咎(jiu),不合(he)于(yu)陽,就(jiu)不能清靜,是為(wei)沉滯;二是貪于(yu)進(jin)修窮尋真理,堅求至道(dao),這(zhe)叫內貪。這(zhe)種情況屬于(yu)陽,能體(ti)道(dao)合(he)真,自然(ran)清靜。
(37)既(ji)生(sheng)貪求(qiu),即是(shi)(shi)(shi)煩(fan)惱(nao):貪求(qiu)外(wai)事,要(yao)漸漸斷除(chu);貪求(qiu)內事,要(yao)勤(qin)勤(qin)修(xiu)進。雖(sui)然(ran)是(shi)(shi)(shi)內求(qiu)至道,也(ye)(ye)不(bu)可以(yi)固執,如此(ci)也(ye)(ye)能生(sheng)煩(fan)惱(nao)。這(zhe)里的(de)煩(fan)惱(nao)也(ye)(ye)分兩(liang)種情況,有輕(qing)(qing)重(zhong)(zhong)之分,一是(shi)(shi)(shi)輕(qing)(qing)煩(fan)惱(nao),二是(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)煩(fan)惱(nao)。輕(qing)(qing)煩(fan)惱(nao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)貪求(qiu)至道,這(zhe)種情況也(ye)(ye)生(sheng)煩(fan)惱(nao)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)求(qiu)世(shi)法,名重(zhong)(zhong)煩(fan)惱(nao)。輕(qing)(qing)就合陽,所以(yi)叫(jiao)(jiao)清(qing),重(zhong)(zhong)即合陰,所以(yi)叫(jiao)(jiao)濁。雖(sui)然(ran)分了輕(qing)(qing)重(zhong)(zhong),但兩(liang)者這(zhe)間又是(shi)(shi)(shi)相對的(de)。貪就會生(sheng)迷惑(huo),但是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)舍重(zhong)(zhong)棄(qi)輕(qing)(qing),內守元和,湛(zhan)然(ran)不(bu)動,所以(yi)叫(jiao)(jiao)懷道抱德(de)了,自然(ran)而然(ran)就淳樸了。
(38)煩(fan)惱妄想(xiang),憂(you)苦(ku)(ku)身(shen)(shen)心。便遭濁辱,流(liu)浪(lang)生(sheng)死。常(chang)沉(chen)苦(ku)(ku)海(hai)(hai),永(yong)失真道:濁,染。辱,污。流(liu)浪(lang),指(zhi)反復。苦(ku)(ku)海(hai)(hai),苦(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)大海(hai)(hai),海(hai)(hai)指(zhi)大。此句言人(ren)的(de)(de)身(shen)(shen)心逐于(yu)外(wai)物(wu),憂(you)苦(ku)(ku)自(zi)然(ran)而(er)然(ran)就產生(sheng)而(er)擾亂身(shen)(shen)心,在生(sheng)死之間反復,永(yong)遠不(bu)能超脫(tuo),流(liu)浪(lang)于(yu)苦(ku)(ku)海(hai)(hai)之中。憂(you)苦(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)事不(bu)能夠休止(zhi),都是出自(zi)人(ren)心造作的(de)(de)。學(xue)道的(de)(de)人(ren),都內守其(qi)(qi)一(yi)外(wai)除(chu)其(qi)(qi)想(xiang)(一(yi),指(zhi)身(shen)(shen))。圣人(ren)云:“存(cun)三守一(yi)”。(三,指(zhi)精(jing)、炁、神(shen)。)但守其(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen),必(bi)存(cun)于(yu)三。所以《西升經》云:守身(shen)(shen)不(bu)失,常(chang)存(cun)也(ye),專守其(qi)(qi)一(yi),不(bu)生(sheng)妄想(xiang),即(ji)免于(yu)苦(ku)(ku)海(hai)(hai),沉(chen)淪(lun)憂(you)苦(ku)(ku),不(bu)著(zhu)于(yu)身(shen)(shen)。心自(zi)然(ran)解脫(tuo),自(zi)然(ran)清(qing)靜。
(39)真(zhen)(zhen)常(chang)(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),悟(wu)(wu)者自(zi)得(de)(de),得(de)(de)悟(wu)(wu)道(dao)(dao)者,常(chang)(chang)清(qing)靜矣:真(zhen)(zhen)道(dao)(dao)是常(chang)(chang)存的(de)(de),無(wu)時不(bu)在,不(bu)生也不(bu)滅(mie),她外(wai)包天(tian)地(di),內入毫(hao)芒,運行日月,長養(yang)萬(wan)物,人能(neng)悟(wu)(wu)解,自(zi)然而(er)(er)得(de)(de),得(de)(de)的(de)(de)不(bu)是外(wai)在的(de)(de)東西,而(er)(er)是道(dao)(dao)。所以太(tai)上說,人能(neng)覺悟(wu)(wu),悟(wu)(wu)則本性(xing),謂之(zhi)(zhi)得(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)也,所得(de)(de)到的(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)不(bu)是大道(dao)(dao),大道(dao)(dao)是難求難得(de)(de)的(de)(de)。經(jing)云(yun)(yun):“天(tian)道(dao)(dao)無(wu)親,常(chang)(chang)與善人。”又云(yun)(yun):“道(dao)(dao)本無(wu)形,莫之(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)名,得(de)(de)悟(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)者,惟已自(zi)知。”善人常(chang)(chang)能(neng)守于清(qing)靜,都是得(de)(de)到真(zhen)(zhen)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)人。
此段總(zong)講(jiang)了眾生所以不能得(de)到真道(dao)的(de)原因,是由于妄念之起,貪求身外有(you)形之物,大(da)傷自己精炁神,以至(zhi)流浪生死,常存(cun)苦(ku)海濁(zhuo)辱之中,受(shou)苦(ku)受(shou)難。如果一心(xin)向善,修煉真常之道(dao),一旦了悟(wu)大(da)道(dao)的(de)規律,修之不輟(chuo),自會(hui)有(you)成。以達到常清(qing)常靜,有(you)至(zhi)樂而無苦(ku)難的(de)真常境界。
(40)仙人(ren)(ren)葛(ge)玄曰(yue):吾得(de)真道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),誦(song)此(ci)(ci)經萬遍(bian):葛(ge)翁(weng)(weng),此(ci)(ci)指(zhi)葛(ge)玄。三國(guo)時方士,字孝(xiao)先,丹陽句容(今屬江蘇)人(ren)(ren)。《抱(bao)樸子·金(jin)丹篇》稱,他曾經從左(zuo)慈學道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),受《太清(qing)丹經》、《九鼎丹經》、《金(jin)液丹經》等(deng)煉(lian)丹經書(shu),于閣(ge)皂山(shan)修道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),常(chang)辟谷服食(shi),擅符咒諸法(fa),奇術甚多。后世(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)尊稱為(wei)“葛(ge)仙公(gong)”或“葛(ge)仙翁(weng)(weng)”,又(you)稱“太極左(zuo)仙公(gong)”;北宋徽宗時封為(wei)“沖應真人(ren)(ren)”;南宋理宗時封為(wei)“沖應孚佑(you)真君”。明清(qing)時,道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)門和民(min)間又(you)常(chang)稱葛(ge)洪為(wei)葛(ge)仙翁(weng)(weng)。仙翁(weng)(weng),祖代求仙,皆成(cheng)真人(ren)(ren),仙翁(weng)(weng)初(chu)入道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,居長白山(shan),或居東岳(yue),自后遍(bian)歷(li)名山(shan),殷勤求道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),成(cheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,隱跡潛形,惟(wei)值得(de)留經教(jiao)于世(shi),勸(quan)悟后學之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,凡言誦(song)此(ci)(ci)經萬遍(bian)者(zhe),即萬行圓備,圓滿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。又(you)說,萬遍(bian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)備,飛升(sheng)太空,萬神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)備,萬遍(bian)既周,乃成(cheng)清(qing)靜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。
(41)此經(jing)(jing)是(shi)天人習,不(bu)傳(chuan)下士(shi):天人,極陽之(zhi)仙(xian)。天仙(xian)者(zhe),碧(bi)落飛騰,游行(xing)自在(zai),兩腋有(you)(you)毛羽,也叫羽客(ke)。凡是(shi)天仙(xian)羽客(ke),住于三(san)清之(zhi)上,常行(xing)于經(jing)(jing)法,也不(bu)輕傳(chuan)下士(shi)。世(shi)人苦(ku)修天人之(zhi)行(xing),即謂天上人。凡欲(yu)修學之(zhi)士(shi),何不(bu)誦習此經(jing)(jing),日有(you)(you)進修三(san)業,若(ruo)無(wu)退慢之(zhi)心,是(shi)有(you)(you)進無(wu)退之(zhi)士(shi),也不(bu)令經(jing)(jing)傳(chuan)下士(shi)。圣(sheng)人云:“經(jing)(jing)法流行(xing)于世(shi),學人若(ruo)遇(yu)須(xu)當寶而(er)貴之(zhi),不(bu)可(ke)輕世(shi),如逢賢(xian)士(shi),有(you)(you)心即授,有(you)(you)善即傳(chuan)。”
(42)吾昔(xi)受(shou)之于(yu)東(dong)(dong)華(hua)帝君(jun):吾,仙(xian)翁(weng)自稱。東(dong)(dong)華(hua)帝君(jun),又名木公、東(dong)(dong)王(wang)(wang)公、扶桑大帝,與丹靈、黃老、皓靈、玄(xuan)老并稱“五方五老”,他掌管(guan)男(nan)仙(xian)名籍,男(nan)人成仙(xian)必(bi)謁(ye)東(dong)(dong)王(wang)(wang)公,女于(yu)成仙(xian)必(bi)謁(ye)西王(wang)(wang)母(mu)。此句言仙(xian)翁(weng)得受(shou)此經(清靜經)于(yu)東(dong)(dong)華(hua)帝君(jun),也是不輕傳于(yu)下士(shi)的。
(43)東華帝(di)君受之于(yu)金(jin)(jin)闕帝(di)君:金(jin)(jin)闕,指(zhi)天庭。金(jin)(jin)闕帝(di)君,經(jing)書中說法(fa)不(bu)一(yi),有經(jing)稱(cheng)是太上(shang)老君。有經(jing)稱(cheng)是太上(shang)老君隨方(fang)設(she)化,或(huo)號(hao)天皇大(da)帝(di),或(huo)曰太一(yi)救苦天尊,或(huo)號(hao)金(jin)(jin)闕圣君。此意指(zhi)上(shang)圣帝(di)君都寶秘此經(jing),何(he)況(kuang)后學傳授(shou)修(xiu)持諷誦,還不(bu)更加崇仰(yang)而學修(xiu)。
(44)金(jin)(jin)闕帝君受之(zhi)于西(xi)王母(mu):西(xi)王母(mu),即王母(mu)娘娘、金(jin)(jin)母(mu)。是道教(jiao)諸(zhu)女(nv)仙之(zhi)尊(zun)神,女(nv)仙之(zhi)首,凡女(nv)人(ren)成仙必謁“金(jin)(jin)母(mu)”。此句言金(jin)(jin)闕帝君受此經于西(xi)王母(mu)之(zhi)時,也(ye)是不輕傳下士的(de)。
(45)皆口口相(xiang)傳,不(bu)(bu)記文字(zi)。吾今于世(shi),書而(er)錄之(zhi):口口相(xiang)傳,指古圣人傳授經法,都是(shi)內(nei)藏(zang)心(xin)腹,秘受經文,流(liu)通(tong)行化,并不(bu)(bu)記文字(zi),就不(bu)(bu)被世(shi)人所能見(jian)到。自從仙翁以來,書寫下了此經,傳于下世(shi),普遍流(liu)行,是(shi)要拔(ba)度(du)后(hou)學之(zhi)人。
(46)上(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)悟之(zhi),升(sheng)(sheng)為天官:上(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi),外煉形質,內養精神(shen)。外和其(qi)光,而(er)同其(qi)塵,內修(xiu)功而(er)保其(qi)元炁,元炁是(shi)神(shen)之(zhi)母,人能(neng)常(chang)(chang)存(cun)于(yu)元炁,下(xia)(xia)(xia)保于(yu)丹田(tian),上(shang)(shang)固于(yu)泥(ni)丸,中(zhong)守于(yu)絳宮,這樣(yang)保于(yu)三(san)元,內養于(yu)神(shen)。(神(shen),炁之(zhi)子(zi)。形,神(shen)之(zhi)舍(she)。神(shen)是(shi)身之(zhi)主,身無(wu)主則不(bu)安,形無(wu)神(shen)而(er)不(bu)立。)上(shang)(shang)達(da)之(zhi)士(shi)(shi),常(chang)(chang)服(fu)日(ri)精,保于(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)丹田(tian),飲月華,保于(yu)腦戶(hu)。(腦戶(hu),指泥(ni)丸上(shang)(shang)丹田(tian),屬陰。所以用太陽精炁保之(zhi)。)易經云(yun):“一(yi)陰一(yi)陽之(zhi)謂道(dao),能(neng)恃日(ri)月二景,扶身形而(er)行(xing)之(zhi),必升(sheng)(sheng)為天官。五(wu)(wu)云(yun)五(wu)(wu)炁,是(shi)五(wu)(wu)行(xing)之(zhi)正(zheng)炁。凡上(shang)(shang)道(dao)之(zhi)人,五(wu)(wu)臟(zang)既真(zhen)(zhen),五(wu)(wu)臟(zang)炁自生五(wu)(wu)行(xing),真(zhen)(zhen)炁化成五(wu)(wu)云(yun),扶其(qi)形質,上(shang)(shang)游(you)三(san)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(三(san)界(jie)(jie)(jie),欲界(jie)(jie)(jie)、色(se)界(jie)(jie)(jie)、無(wu)色(se)界(jie)(jie)(jie)),下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)十(shi)方(十(shi)方,指四(si)維、上(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)。)。三(san)界(jie)(jie)(jie)十(shi)方俱無(wu)滯礙,然后(hou)升(sheng)(sheng)入(ru)上(shang)(shang)清(qing),得位為天官之(zhi)號。
(47)中士(shi)修(xiu)之(zhi),南(nan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)列仙:凡(fan)學(xue)道(dao)之(zhi)士(shi),先順煉肌,謂(wei)之(zhi)寶(bao)玉(yu)(玉(yu),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨)。煉肺(fei)保津(jin),謂(wei)之(zhi)炁。(金(jin),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肺(fei)。金(jin)石(shi),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腎(shen)。丹,指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心。)安心息(xi)氣,保于(yu)。腎(shen)臟,乃得延年。不是世間金(jin)石(shi)寶(bao)玉(yu)。這里所謂(wei)的(de)(de)金(jin)石(shi),能(neng)(neng)保人性命。另據圖南(nan)子(zi)云(yun)(yun):如何外寶(bao)?即先要內(nei)(nei)保。如果(guo)能(neng)(neng)內(nei)(nei)保于(yu)性命,然后上(shang)參于(yu)上(shang)清(qing)圣(sheng)文(wen)。(圣(sheng)文(wen),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)清(qing)秘寶(bao)之(zhi)書。)下達(da)玄(xuan)微。(玄(xuan)微,指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下元腎(shen))又(you)據上(shang)清(qing)經(jing)云(yun)(yun):南(nan)方(fang)有(you)丹靈(ling)天,內(nei)(nei)有(you)蕊(rui)珠宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內(nei)(nei)有(you)一真君(jun)號(hao)(hao)靈(ling)天君(jun)。又(you)據是朱陽宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)或(huo)朱陵(ling)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)一處有(you)炎(yan)炎(yan)火煉池,池有(you)七寶(bao)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殿。也稱紫陽宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。如果(guo)有(you)下達(da)之(zhi)士(shi),學(xue)道(dao)成功的(de)(de),得到司命真君(jun)認同,錄下姓名(ming),奏上(shang)南(nan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),就(jiu)得為(wei)仙宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)號(hao)(hao)了。
(48)下士得之,在世長年(nian):下士不(bu)能絕利一源(yuan),都求資身益命之道(dao)(dao)(dao),或服靈(ling)藥,或餌丹砂,或休(xiu)名棄位,或淡(dan)靜(jing)安神(shen),或依倚林泉,或藏跡(ji)于朝市,內修至道(dao)(dao)(dao),外合(he)五常,或隱或見(jian),體道(dao)(dao)(dao)合(he)真,如斯不(bu)退,尚保延年(nian),何況(kuang)高士英賢,隱于嵩谷,學神(shen)人(ren)(ren)餐藥而得白日升(sheng)天。何故(gu)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)能專至,即今西(xi)岳華山,山居隱士,丁陳二人(ren)(ren),在世延年(nian)注名以入仙位,況(kuang)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)能相效,故(gu)舉此數(shu),喻乃明至道(dao)(dao)(dao)無偏求者(zhe)必達。故(gu)本經云:天道(dao)(dao)(dao)無親,常與(yu)善(shan)人(ren)(ren)。
(49)游行(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)(san)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),升入(ru)金(jin)門:靈(ling)寶(bao)經(jing)云:三(san)(san)(san)十二天(tian)、三(san)(san)(san)十二帝(di),第六名上(shang)明七曜摩夷天(tian)帝(di)。名恬會延,此(ci)(ci)(ci)是欲(yu)(yu)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。雖有(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)說(shuo),凡學(xue)道但去其(qi)欲(yu)(yu),即(ji)名真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)。色(se)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)在二十四(si)重(zhong)天(tian),無(wu)(wu)極云誓天(tian)為(wei)色(se)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),其(qi)帝(di)君(jun)號名飄駑(nu)穹(qiong)隆。太(tai)素(su)秀樂(le)禁上(shang)天(tian)為(wei)無(wu)(wu)色(se)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),帝(di)君(jun)名龍羅(luo)(luo)覺長(chang),此(ci)(ci)(ci)名三(san)(san)(san)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),乃指天(tian)地而(er)言(yan),此(ci)(ci)(ci)為(wei)外約大綱(gang)之(zhi)說(shuo),若(ruo)(ruo)喻人(ren)(ren)身而(er)言(yan),三(san)(san)(san)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)即(ji)三(san)(san)(san)丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)。下(xia)丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)為(wei)欲(yu)(yu)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),中丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)為(wei)色(se)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),上(shang)丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)為(wei)無(wu)(wu)色(se)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。人(ren)(ren)若(ruo)(ruo)保守(shou)于三(san)(san)(san)丹(dan)田(tian)(tian),則精炁(qi)神存(cun)上(shang)中下(xia)三(san)(san)(san)丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)境(jing),真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)游于三(san)(san)(san)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),若(ruo)(ruo)得三(san)(san)(san)丹(dan)田(tian)(tian),神俱足(zu)則自(zi)然(ran)升天(tian)。所以經(jing)云:形神俱妙,與道合真(zhen)。《上(shang)清經(jing)》云:大羅(luo)(luo)天(tian)在三(san)(san)(san)十二天(tian)上(shang)。《靈(ling)寶(bao)經(jing)》云:三(san)(san)(san)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)上(shang),渺(miao)渺(miao)大羅(luo)(luo),大羅(luo)(luo)之(zhi)境(jing),惟(wei)有(you)三(san)(san)(san)清宮(gong)闕(que)。莫不上(shang)圣高(gao)尊游于其(qi)上(shang)。學(xue)道人(ren)(ren)若(ruo)(ruo)先修內(nei)行(xing)(xing),保固守(shou)于三(san)(san)(san)元神,三(san)(san)(san)元神俱備,自(zi)得升天(tian),游行(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)(san)清之(zhi)境(jing),出入(ru)金(jin)闕(que)之(zhi)前,朝拜太(tai)上(shang)、得為(wei)真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)。故(gu)曰:升入(ru)金(jin)門。
(50)左玄(xuan)(xuan)真(zhen)人(ren)曰:左,指(zhi)陽(yang)。玄(xuan)(xuan),指(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。左玄(xuan)(xuan)是道君之(zhi)(zhi)號,得一(yi)(yi)真(zhen)人(ren),是立(li)其(qi)左右陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)一(yi)(yi)的意思,所(suo)(suo)以稱左玄(xuan)(xuan)真(zhen)人(ren)。左玄(xuan)(xuan)真(zhen)人(ren)號法解,大慈(ci)大仁(ren),多請(qing)問因緣,下游五(wu)濁,救拔一(yi)(yi)切、復歸三(san)境。侍從(cong)尊慈(ci),太上保之(zhi)(zhi),稱其(qi)名(ming)號。學仙之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),但能存(cun)一(yi)(yi)守(shou)于(yu)陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)二炁(qi)(qi),則(ze)為(wei)真(zhen)人(ren)。何(he)為(wei)守(shou)一(yi)(yi),一(yi)(yi)者(zhe),道之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)性,一(yi)(yi)為(wei)大也。又云(yun)身(shen)也,所(suo)(suo)以《西升經》云(yun):愛(ai)(ai)人(ren)不如愛(ai)(ai)身(shen),愛(ai)(ai)身(shen)不如愛(ai)(ai)神。愛(ai)(ai)神不如舍(she)神,舍(she)神不如守(shou)身(shen),守(shou)身(shen)長久長存(cun)。學人(ren)未(wei)玄(xuan)(xuan)微,但且護形,愛(ai)(ai)炁(qi)(qi)輕物,賤名(ming)思慮不惑(huo),則(ze)血氣和(he)平,如此即其(qi)一(yi)(yi)可存(cun)。陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)二炁(qi)(qi),即坎離之(zhi)(zhi)用,故(gu)謂為(wei)真(zhen)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)身(shen),然后朝于(yu)太上,皆得為(wei)道之(zhi)(zhi)臣也。上則(ze)參于(yu)三(san)境,下則(ze)游于(yu)十方,開導眾生,教(jiao)化未(wei)悟,引接群(qun)生,普令得其(qi)道,此即為(wei)真(zhen)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)作也。
(51)學(xue)道之士(shi),持誦(song)此經(jing):持誦(song),依(yi)本(ben)(ben)曰(yue)讀,離(li)本(ben)(ben)曰(yue)誦(song),學(xue)道之士(shi),若(ruo)能解心正,道念不(bu)退,依(yi)法(fa)奉修如對太上,行(xing)住坐立(li),常持專一,是謂(wei)誦(song)經(jing)。
(52)即(ji)得十(shi)天善(shan)神(shen),擁護其(qi)身(shen):十(shi)天,指八方和(he)上下。《因緣經(jing)》云:每月十(shi)直(zhi)齋,各有善(shan)神(shen)直(zhi)日,也(ye)為善(shan)神(shen)。且人(ren)有三業六根,身(shen)形(xing)之業,故有十(shi)惡(e)(e)。(十(shi)惡(e)(e),指淫、殺、盜、貪(tan)、嫉妒、恚、惡(e)(e)口(kou)、兩舌、妄(wang)(wang)(wang)語、綺語。),(十(shi)善(shan),身(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)(wang)(wang)動,心不(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)(wang)(wang)動,意不(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)(wang)(wang)思(si),性不(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)(wang)(wang)亂,耳不(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)(wang)(wang)聽邪聲,口(kou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)(wang)(wang)言(yan)綺語,目不(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)(wang)(wang)視邪色,鼻不(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)(wang)(wang)受(shou)邪穢,舌不(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)(wang)(wang)食邪味,識不(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)(wang)(wang)受(shou)于驚怖(bu))十(shi)善(shan)既生,十(shi)惡(e)(e)自滅。乃得真(zhen)圣相護,此句言(yan)學道之士心常念道,持誦真(zhen)經(jing),即(ji)得善(shan)神(shen)擁護。
(53)然(ran)(ran)后玉(yu)(yu)符(fu)(fu)保神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),金液煉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)俱(ju)妙,與道(dao)(dao)合(he)真:玉(yu)(yu)符(fu)(fu),指玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)符(fu)(fu)。令人(ren)(ren)(ren)學道(dao)(dao),功(gong)圓(yuan)行滿升入仙(xian)階,先得(de)玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)(huang)符(fu)(fu)命,然(ran)(ran)后升仙(xian)。玉(yu)(yu)符(fu)(fu)于(yu)身(shen)而(er)(er)論,可(ke)明(ming)(ming)中(zhong)元之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。(中(zhong)元,指心(xin)(xin)。)學人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin),若(ruo)(ruo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)安(an)靜,自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)無(wu)(wu)染于(yu)塵垢(gou),清靜而(er)(er)保固(gu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。上等(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),悟(wu)(wu)煉金液之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),以固(gu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質。中(zhong)士未悟(wu)(wu),身(shen)外求樂,合(he)和(he)修(xiu)煉,以寧性命。若(ruo)(ruo)論出入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),亦先固(gu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體,然(ran)(ran)后養于(yu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)識(shi),而(er)(er)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體固(gu),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)瘦力倦。神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)者,為(wei)彼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主,主安(an)則(ze)(ze)(ze)外固(gu),假(jia)如世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屋宅,無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)則(ze)(ze)(ze)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)全。內(nei)外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,也是這(zhe)個道(dao)(dao)理。故(gu)經云:我身(shen)乃神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)車,神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舍,神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主。主人(ren)(ren)(ren)安(an)靜,神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)即(ji)居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),躁(zao)動(dong)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)即(ji)去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)說(shuo)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不得(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)主,神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)不得(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)成。形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)合(he)同,更相(xiang)(xiang)生(sheng)更相(xiang)(xiang)成,這(zhe)是表里(li)相(xiang)(xiang)應之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。又(you)說(shuo):神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)常愛人(ren)(ren)(ren),人(ren)(ren)(ren)不愛神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)常愛人(ren)(ren)(ren),愿其人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng),人(ren)(ren)(ren)不愛神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),為(wei)心(xin)(xin)所憂。心(xin)(xin)也是神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),其神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)名(ming)叫靈童(tong),能(neng)(neng)(neng)惡能(neng)(neng)(neng)善,能(neng)(neng)(neng)昧能(neng)(neng)(neng)明(ming)(ming),能(neng)(neng)(neng)喜能(neng)(neng)(neng)怒(nu),能(neng)(neng)(neng)正(zheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)邪。使意馬如風(feng),驅心(xin)(xin)猿如箭疾。巧生(sheng)千種,機出萬端,皆在(zai)此神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。《內(nei)觀經》云:心(xin)(xin)即(ji)是神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),非(fei)(fei)青非(fei)(fei)白,非(fei)(fei)赤非(fei)(fei)黃(huang),非(fei)(fei)大非(fei)(fei)小(xiao),非(fei)(fei)短非(fei)(fei)長(chang),非(fei)(fei)曲非(fei)(fei)直,非(fei)(fei)柔非(fei)(fei)剛,非(fei)(fei)厚非(fei)(fei)薄,非(fei)(fei)圓(yuan)非(fei)(fei)方,變化莫測,混(hun)合(he)陰陽;大包天地,細(xi)入毫芒(mang);制之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)止,放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)狂(kuang);清靜則(ze)(ze)(ze)生(sheng),濁躁(zao)則(ze)(ze)(ze)亡,人(ren)(ren)(ren)能(neng)(neng)(neng)清靜內(nei)修(xiu)至道(dao)(dao),制伏其心(xin)(xin),心(xin)(xin)既(ji)安(an)靜,其神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)則(ze)(ze)(ze)生(sheng)。神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)則(ze)(ze)(ze)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)固(gu),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)固(gu)成神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)藉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)成,形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)藉神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)而(er)(er)生(sheng),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)相(xiang)(xiang)藉,安(an)靜修(xiu)功(gong),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)固(gu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)全。所以說(shuo):形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)俱(ju)妙,內(nei)外相(xiang)(xiang)應,自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)與道(dao)(dao)合(he)真。
(54)正(zheng)一(yi)真人曰(yue):正(zheng),即真。一(yi),為大,也指心。心是(shi)(shi)南方(fang)太陽之(zhi)象,原處(chu)北方(fang)。因何(he)太陽處(chu)于北方(fang),為坎離中(zhong)有一(yi)畫,故為一(yi)陽,是(shi)(shi)謂心。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)陰中(zhong)陽位(wei)(wei),二(er)是(shi)(shi)陽中(zhong)陰位(wei)(wei),此是(shi)(shi)五(wu)行反復(fu)之(zhi)理,陰陽變化之(zhi)用,是(shi)(shi)謂正(zheng)一(yi)。正(zheng)一(yi)真人,指漢天師(shi),姓張,諱道陵,今為三天大法師(shi),位(wei)(wei)任正(zheng)一(yi)真人,又為三清度師(shi),居圣真之(zhi)位(wei)(wei),曾煉五(wu)行,修功(gong)為國,扶(fu)衰救苦,除害興物,利濟庶民,功(gong)圓(yuan)行滿,超(chao)凡(fan)成(cheng)圣。位(wei)(wei)居高上正(zheng)一(yi)真人。人若(ruo)能修煉其心,自然關府通泰,神(shen)和氣暢,皆由正(zheng)一(yi)之(zhi)事。張天師(shi)流傳下來的有正(zheng)一(yi)斬邪三五(wu)飛步之(zhi)道、銅符鐵券、金丹寶經、秘訣靈章、二(er)十四階(jie)品錄等。
(55)人(ren)(ren)家(jia)有(you)(you)此經,悟(wu)解之者,災(zai)(zai)障(zhang)不(bu)干(gan),眾(zhong)(zhong)圣護(hu)(hu)(hu)門(men):家(jia),此指(zhi)身(shen)。經,指(zhi)心(xin)(xin)。真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)曰:家(jia)有(you)(you)此經,若能(neng)悟(wu)解玄微(wei),清(qing)靜(jing)身(shen)心(xin)(xin),修行念道,持誦不(bu)退,即(ji)得(de)(de)眾(zhong)(zhong)圣神(shen)(shen)(shen)人(ren)(ren)護(hu)(hu)(hu)衛(wei)其門(men),即(ji)得(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)人(ren)(ren)護(hu)(hu)(hu)門(men)則(ze)災(zai)(zai)障(zhang)不(bu)干(gan)于家(jia)庭,邪魔無(wu)(wu)犯于住止,皆因主人(ren)(ren)清(qing)靜(jing),故(gu)得(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)明護(hu)(hu)(hu)門(men)。內比喻則(ze)家(jia)猶身(shen),心(xin)(xin)為經。人(ren)(ren)能(neng)清(qing)靜(jing)行其至道于心(xin)(xin),則(ze)謂之有(you)(you)此經。悟(wu),即(ji)覺(jue)。達,即(ji)解。通,作了(le)。覺(jue)了(le)則(ze)謂心(xin)(xin)有(you)(you)經。無(wu)(wu)經則(ze)未(wei)悟(wu)解,故(gu)有(you)(you)災(zai)(zai)障(zhang),煩惱(nao)所(suo)生,若心(xin)(xin)了(le)達,則(ze)無(wu)(wu)煩惱(nao)。煩惱(nao)既(ji)無(wu)(wu),自(zi)然清(qing)靜(jing)。災(zai)(zai)障(zhang)不(bu)生,故(gu)不(bu)干(gan)。眾(zhong)(zhong)圣護(hu)(hu)(hu)門(men),意(yi)思(si)是指(zhi)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)中有(you)(you)三(san)萬六(liu)千神(shen)(shen)(shen),左三(san)魂右七(qi)魄,身(shen)有(you)(you)一萬二(er)千形(xing)影,體(ti)有(you)(you)二(er)萬四精光,五臟六(liu)腑(fu),二(er)十(shi)四神(shen)(shen)(shen),耳眼口鼻皆有(you)(you),一一各(ge)有(you)(you)宮(gong)闕(que)所(suo)居(ju),人(ren)(ren)若清(qing)靜(jing),眾(zhong)(zhong)神(shen)(shen)(shen)歸身(shen),各(ge)居(ju)宮(gong)闕(que),故(gu)云:眾(zhong)(zhong)圣護(hu)(hu)(hu)門(men)。
(56)神(shen)(shen)(shen)升(sheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)界,朝(chao)(chao)(chao)拜(bai)高真(zhen)(zhen):神(shen)(shen)(shen),即心,道(dao)典云,聰明(ming)正直謂之(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen),陰陽不測謂之(zhi)圣(sheng)。故(gu)云心靈(ling)則道(dao)降(jiang),道(dao)降(jiang)則神(shen)(shen)(shen)靈(ling),神(shen)(shen)(shen)靈(ling)則圣(sheng)。神(shen)(shen)(shen)明(ming)既(ji)圣(sheng),即可升(sheng)。(升(sheng),登)。升(sheng)登于(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)界。(上(shang)(shang)(shang)界,三(san)界之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),三(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)之(zhi)境(jing)大(da)羅天(tian)(tian))。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)能保(bao)精(jing)(jing)養氣,愛神(shen)(shen)(shen)調和于(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)氣,填補于(yu)腦,烹煉神(shen)(shen)(shen)水,變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen),神(shen)(shen)(shen)氣若全,即得(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升(sheng)三(san)界,朝(chao)(chao)(chao)禮太上(shang)(shang)(shang)高尊,凡學仙之(zhi)士,所(suo)說(shuo)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)元(yuan)(yuan),即有(you)二(er)種,一(yi)論天(tian)(tian)地,二(er)論人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身,即明(ming)三(san)丹(dan)(dan)田,且(qie)三(san)界朝(chao)(chao)(chao)元(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe),即上(shang)(shang)(shang)元(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)、下(xia)(xia)元(yuan)(yuan)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)元(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)應玉(yu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)始(shi)炁(qi)(qi)所(suo)化(hua)(hua)(hua),號(hao)天(tian)(tian)寶(bao)(bao)君,理玉(yu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)圣(sheng)境(jing)清(qing)(qing)(qing)微天(tian)(tian),總(zong)一(yi)十(shi)二(er)部圣(sheng)行之(zhi)經(jing)(jing),為(wei)洞(dong)真(zhen)(zhen)教(jiao)(jiao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),下(xia)(xia)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身中(zhong)為(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)丹(dan)(dan)田。腦宮(gong)也號(hao)泥(ni)丸宮(gong)、帝(di)君以(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)炁(qi)(qi)。中(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe),上(shang)(shang)(shang)應上(shang)(shang)(shang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)元(yuan)(yuan)炁(qi)(qi)所(suo)化(hua)(hua)(hua),號(hao)靈(ling)寶(bao)(bao)君,理上(shang)(shang)(shang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)境(jing)禹余天(tian)(tian),總(zong)一(yi)十(shi)二(er)部真(zhen)(zhen)行之(zhi)經(jing)(jing),為(wei)洞(dong)玄教(jiao)(jiao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),下(xia)(xia)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身中(zhong)為(wei)中(zhong)丹(dan)(dan)田,心府宮(gong),帝(di)君主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)。下(xia)(xia)元(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)應太清(qing)(qing)(qing)玄炁(qi)(qi)所(suo)化(hua)(hua)(hua),號(hao)神(shen)(shen)(shen)寶(bao)(bao)君,理太清(qing)(qing)(qing)仙境(jing),大(da)赤天(tian)(tian)總(zong)一(yi)十(shi)二(er)部仙行之(zhi)經(jing)(jing),為(wei)洞(dong)神(shen)(shen)(shen)教(jiao)(jiao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),下(xia)(xia)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身中(zhong)為(wei)下(xia)(xia)丹(dan)(dan)田,炁(qi)(qi)海腎宮(gong),帝(di)君主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)命,此三(san)元(yuan)(yuan)、三(san)宮(gong)、三(san)寶(bao)(bao),天(tian)(tian)地得(de)之(zhi)以(yi)成,失之(zhi)以(yi)傾,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)生得(de)之(zhi)以(yi)生,失之(zhi)以(yi)死(si)。故(gu)《黃庭經(jing)(jing)》云:一(yi)身精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)慎勿失。故(gu)要保(bao)愛。又云:仙人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)士非(fei)有(you)神(shen)(shen)(shen),積精(jing)(jing)累(lei)炁(qi)(qi)以(yi)成真(zhen)(zhen)。此句(ju)言,凡學道(dao)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),若能運用精(jing)(jing)華,存想神(shen)(shen)(shen)炁(qi)(qi),朝(chao)(chao)(chao)拜(bai)三(san)元(yuan)(yuan),修功不退(tui)久而行之(zhi),自得(de)真(zhen)(zhen)道(dao)。
(57)功(gong)(gong)滿(man)德(de)就,相感(gan)帝(di)君(jun)。誦(song)持(chi)不(bu)退,身騰紫(zi)云(yun):功(gong)(gong)滿(man)八百(bai),行(xing)滿(man)三千(qian)。(功(gong)(gong)行(xing),此指(zhi)修煉的功(gong)(gong)行(xing)。)學(xue)人若能(neng)行(xing)胎息之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),日行(xing)八百(bai),即(ji)可(ke)以升(sheng)(sheng)天(tian),功(gong)(gong)行(xing)感(gan)應,自然升(sheng)(sheng)舉。古(gu)德(de)云(yun),功(gong)(gong)圓行(xing)滿(man)升(sheng)(sheng)為金闕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣,獨步玉京之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上道(dao)。學(xue)人若能(neng)專守三宮,朝(chao)拜(bai)真元,百(bai)節(jie)闕府,自然通泰,萬(wan)神和暢(chang)。相感(gan)帝(di)君(jun),指(zhi)既存(cun)守三元,三元各有(you)帝(di)君(jun),誦(song)持(chi)不(bu)退,則心念正(zheng)道(dao)。身騰紫(zi)云(yun),指(zhi)內觀(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),乃有(you)正(zheng)說,人有(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)臟(zang)(zang)屬(shu)于五(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing),人若修煉五(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)真炁,傳于五(wu)(wu)(wu)臟(zang)(zang),故為實腹,五(wu)(wu)(wu)臟(zang)(zang)真炁既成,自然尸(shi)解,出有(you)入無,變化自在(zai),存(cun)亡恍惚,此為得道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中也。紫(zi)云(yun),指(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)臟(zang)(zang)真炁結(jie)成,紫(zi)云(yun)乃是上天(tian)誥命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炁,故凡得道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,皆是乘云(yun)而去,上升(sheng)(sheng)三境,朝(chao)拜(bai)太上高尊,以表得道(dao)人證于尊貴(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌。此句言至(zhi)心修道(dao)必然成道(dao)。
《清靜(jing)經(jing)》,全稱(cheng)(cheng)《太(tai)上(shang)老君說(shuo)常(chang)清靜(jing)經(jing)》,一卷。作者不詳,一說(shuo)葛玄。道教(jiao)(jiao)稱(cheng)(cheng)老君西(xi)游白龜臺之(zhi)時(shi),為(wei)西(xi)王(wang)母說(shuo)常(chang)清靜(jing)經(jing),西(xi)王(wang)母皆(jie)口(kou)口(kou)相傳(chuan),不記文字(zi),吾今于(yu)(yu)世書(shu)而錄之(zhi)。為(wei)道士(shi)們(men)日(ri)常(chang)誦習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)功課之(zhi)一。《太(tai)上(shang)老君說(shuo)常(chang)清靜(jing)經(jing)》(簡稱(cheng)(cheng)《清靜(jing)經(jing)》)大約產生于(yu)(yu)唐(tang)朝,當時(shi)比較著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)注本為(wei)杜光庭(ting)所注。金代,王(wang)重陽(yang)創(chuang)立(li)全真(zhen)教(jiao)(jiao)后(hou),《清靜(jing)經(jing)》就成為(wei)全真(zhen)教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常(chang)功課,作為(wei)非常(chang)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)典被(bei)重視(shi)。
云篆太(tai)虛,浩劫之(zhi)初。乍(zha)遐乍(zha)邇(ěr) ,或沉或浮。五方徘(pai)徊,一丈之(zhi)馀(yú)。天真(zhen)皇人,按(an)筆乃(nai)書。以演洞章,次(ci)書靈符。元始(shi)下降(jiang),真(zhen)文(wen)誕敷(fu)。昭(zhao)(zhao)昭(zhao)(zhao)其有,冥冥其無。沉疴(ke)(kē)能自痊(quan),塵勞溺(ni)可(ke)扶。幽冥將有賴,由是升仙都。
關于此經(jing)的成立(li)時代,根據考證(zheng)應為唐(tang)代,因(yin): (一)《清靜經(jing)》七(qi)種注(zhu)本中,屬(shu)杜光(guang)庭(ting)注(zhu)本為最(zui)早,杜光(guang)庭(ting)是唐(tang)末五代人,因(yin)此《清靜經(jing)》應系晚唐(tang)以前的作品。
(二)「洞(dong)神部 玉訣類 是字號(hao)」的(de)無名氏(shi)注(zhu)本,載有(you)太極(ji)真人向唐 同昌公主傳授五(wu)戒、十善、六齋、三會、五(wu)臘(la)、五(wu)忌之法,并誡(jie)其當奉(feng)持《清靜經》之事。注(zhu)中(zhong)亦(yi)記唐時靈驗故(gu)事,以(yi)宣揚此經的(de)神應。可見此經在唐時已普(pu)遍流(liu)傳。
由(you)以(yi)上兩點可知此經成(cheng)于唐代殆無疑(yi)義。另從(cong)此經文字用例來看,如三毒、六欲等詞匯并不常見于六朝(chao)以(yi)前的古籍。故(gu)應為(wei)六朝(chao)后的作品而非葛(ge)洪所作。疑(yi)為(wei)后世(shi)道流所依托,作者不詳(xiang)。
本經文(wen)詞用法(fa)糅合(he)儒(ru)釋(shi)道(dao)三(san)家詞語,故作者應是容攝三(san)教(jiao)(jiao)思想者。其(qi)經文(wen)的意義,包含道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)的道(dao),佛教(jiao)(jiao)的三(san)業、三(san)界說法(fa)以及儒(ru)家的道(dao)德說,但其(qi)基本思想仍為老子道(dao)的本體論(lun)與人(ren)生論(lun)。
至于此(ci)(ci)經(jing)的(de)(de)(de)成立背景,可大體以(yi)唐(tang)(tang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)教情況概觀。唐(tang)(tang)初(chu)李(li)氏崇(chong)(chong)拜老(lao)子,故(gu)崇(chong)(chong)道(dao)抑佛(fo);至武后朝(chao)(chao),反(fan)(fan)崇(chong)(chong)佛(fo)棄(qi)道(dao)。這(zhe)種反(fan)(fan)復的(de)(de)(de)情況和六朝(chao)(chao)時(shi)期非常(chang)相似,所(suo)以(yi)佛(fo)道(dao)并(bing)存(cun)在唐(tang)(tang)代,只(zhi)是一(yi)方顯明,另(ling)一(yi)方則(ze)灰黯,并(bing)非消失(shi)。到晚唐(tang)(tang)時(shi),因政(zheng)治更(geng)加混亂,人(ren)民(min)浮奢,遂需(xu)(xu)要一(yi)些教化人(ren)心的(de)(de)(de)教材加以(yi)規范,宗(zong)教于此(ci)(ci)便發生(sheng)了凈化作用。亦因為佛(fo)道(dao)并(bing)存(cun),所(suo)以(yi)彼此(ci)(ci)作品當(dang)中(zhong)皆有對方的(de)(de)(de)思想存(cun)在,藉以(yi)吸收社會(hui)民(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)認同,故(gu)劃分并(bing)不很清楚。加以(yi)這(zhe)部經(jing)典旨在講清靜、無欲、陰陽等觀念,其演變符合唐(tang)(tang)代社會(hui)狀況所(suo)需(xu)(xu),更(geng)加深此(ci)(ci)經(jing)為唐(tang)(tang)朝(chao)(chao)作品的(de)(de)(de)可信度。
《清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》全文僅四百多(duo)字(zi),去掉經(jing)(jing)(jing)末的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題為(wei)(wei)(wei)"仙(xian)人(ren)葛翁""左(zuo)玄真(zhen)人(ren)""正一真(zhen)人(ren)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評語(yu),則不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)(dao)四百字(zi)。但是(shi)該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)言簡(jian)意(yi)(yi)賅,以"清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)"為(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),繼承并(bing)發展了早期道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)家,包(bao)括老莊、列子、《易經(jing)(jing)(jing)》等(deng)人(ren)或(huo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)典的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),形成了其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)獨(du)具特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體系。該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)雖(sui)然以道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)家思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,但同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)吸收并(bing)借鑒(jian)了佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和名(ming)詞(ci),尤(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)"空(kong)(kong)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)念(nian),這也(ye)(ye)(ye)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)"遣(qian)欲(yu)觀空(kong)(kong)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei),如果人(ren)能(neng)達(da)到(dao)(dao)清(qing)(qing)(qing) 清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境界(jie)或(huo)者狀態, 可以做到(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)欲(yu)無(wu)(wu)求, 還能(neng)應和萬物, 教化(hua)(hua)(hua)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng), 使(shi)天地(di)歸于大道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。朱熹說(shuo)(shuo):“后來(lai)(lai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)家做《清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》, 又卻偷佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)家言語(yu), 全做得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)好。佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂‘色即(ji)是(shi)空(kong)(kong)’處(chu), 他(ta)把色、受(shou)、想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、行(xing)、識五個(ge)對一個(ge)‘空(kong)(kong)’字(zi)說(shuo)(shuo), 故曰:‘空(kong)(kong)即(ji)是(shi)色。受(shou)、想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、行(xing)、識, 亦(yi)復如是(shi)’, 謂是(shi)空(kong)(kong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。而《清(qing)(qing)(qing)凈經(jing)(jing)(jing)》中(zhong)偷此句(ju)意(yi)(yi)思(si)(si), 卻說(shuo)(shuo)‘無(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)亦(yi)無(wu)(wu)’, 只偷得(de)他(ta)‘色即(ji)是(shi)空(kong)(kong)’, 卻不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曾理(li)會(hui)得(de)他(ta)‘受(shou)、想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、行(xing)、識, 亦(yi)復如是(shi)’之(zhi)意(yi)(yi), 全無(wu)(wu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)理(li)。”《清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》更(geng)有(you)可能(neng)是(shi)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)六朝時(shi)期前(qian)秦(qin)鳩摩羅(luo)什(shen)譯本《心(xin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。《清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》采用了佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)六欲(yu)、三毒、空(kong)(kong)、妄心(xin)、煩惱妄想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、苦海(hai)等(deng)專有(you)名(ming)詞(ci)。“空(kong)(kong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang), 很明(ming)顯(xian)來(lai)(lai)自(zi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教, 而且其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)語(yu)言結(jie)(jie)構也(ye)(ye)(ye)和佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)言結(jie)(jie)構相似。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“既入真(zhen)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao), 名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao), 雖(sui)名(ming)得(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao), 實無(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de);為(wei)(wei)(wei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng), 名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)”等(deng)多(duo)處(chu)語(yu)言結(jie)(jie)構也(ye)(ye)(ye)明(ming)顯(xian)模仿了佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)言。 在六朝以前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)典中(zhong), 沒(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)“苦海(hai)”一詞(ci), 而佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教傳(chuan)入中(zhong)國(guo)后, 許多(duo)漢譯佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)常(chang)出現這個(ge)詞(ci)語(yu)。《常(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei), 眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)得(de)到(dao)(dao)真(zhen)正意(yi)(yi)義上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)”, 是(shi)因為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)一顆妄動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin),從(cong)而在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷輪(lun)回。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)觀與此不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong), 《莊子》認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)未生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)前(qian)本來(lai)(lai)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming), 不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅沒(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming), 連形體也(ye)(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you), 而且連構成形體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)素都沒(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you), 混雜在恍(huang)惚之(zhi)中(zhong), 混沌變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)而有(you)元(yuan)氣, 元(yuan)氣變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)而有(you)形體, 形體變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)而有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming), 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)而至死(si)亡。這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)如同(tong)寒來(lai)(lai)暑往的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四季一樣, 如果失(shi)聲痛哭(ku), 那(nei)就(jiu)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懂天地(di)自(zi)然變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)理(li)。