《清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)》,全稱《太上老君說(shuo)常清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)》。一卷。作(zuo)者不詳,是道教煉養術重(zhong)要資料之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一。道教稱老君西游(you)龜(gui)臺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),為西王母(mu)說(shuo)常清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)。后經(jing)仙人(ren)轉(zhuan)傳,為葛玄(xuan)所(suo)得,筆錄(lu)而傳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)世(shi)。即(ji)葛玄(xuan)曰:“吾(wu)昔受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)東(dong)華帝君,東(dong)華帝君受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)金闕帝君,金闕帝君受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)西王母(mu)。西王母(mu)皆口口相傳,不記文字(zi),吾(wu)今于(yu)(yu)世(shi)書而錄(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”因而《清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經(jing)》被認為是三國時(shi)葛玄(xuan)依(yi)托(tuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)。
老君(jun)曰:大道(dao)無形,生育(yu)天地(di);大道(dao)無情,運行日(ri)月;大道(dao)無名,長養萬物;吾不知(zhi)其名,強名曰道(dao)。夫道(dao)者(zhe)(zhe):有清有濁,有動有靜(jing)(jing);天清地(di)濁,天動地(di)靜(jing)(jing);男清女濁,男動女靜(jing)(jing);降本流末(mo),而生萬物。清者(zhe)(zhe),濁之源(yuan),動者(zhe)(zhe),靜(jing)(jing)之基;人能(neng)常(chang)清靜(jing)(jing),天地(di)悉皆(jie)歸(gui)。
夫人神好(hao)清(qing),而(er)心擾之(zhi);人心好(hao)靜(jing),而(er)欲牽之(zhi)。常(chang)能(neng)遣(qian)其(qi)欲,而(er)心自靜(jing);澄(cheng)其(qi)心,而(er)神自清(qing);自然六欲不生,三(san)毒(du)消滅(mie)。所以(yi)不能(neng)者(zhe),為(wei)心未澄(cheng),欲未遣(qian)也;能(neng)遣(qian)之(zhi)者(zhe):內觀其(qi)心,心無(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)心;外(wai)觀其(qi)形,形無(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)形;遠觀其(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),物(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu);三(san)者(zhe)既(ji)(ji)悟(wu),唯見於空(kong)。觀空(kong)亦空(kong),空(kong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)所空(kong);所空(kong)既(ji)(ji)無(wu)(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)亦無(wu)(wu)(wu);無(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)既(ji)(ji)無(wu)(wu)(wu),湛然常(chang)寂。寂無(wu)(wu)(wu)所寂,欲豈能(neng)生;欲既(ji)(ji)不生,即是真靜(jing)。真常(chang)應(ying)物(wu)(wu)(wu),真常(chang)得性(xing);常(chang)應(ying)常(chang)靜(jing),常(chang)清(qing)靜(jing)矣。如此清(qing)靜(jing),漸(jian)入(ru)真道(dao);既(ji)(ji)入(ru)真道(dao),名為(wei)得道(dao);雖(sui)名得道(dao),實無(wu)(wu)(wu)所得;為(wei)化眾生,名為(wei)得道(dao);能(neng)悟(wu)之(zhi)者(zhe),可(ke)傳圣道(dao)。
老君曰(yue):上士無爭,下(xia)士好爭;上德不(bu)德,下(xia)德執德;執著之者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)名道(dao)(dao)德。眾生所以不(bu)得真(zhen)道(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe),為有妄心(xin);既(ji)有妄心(xin),即(ji)(ji)驚其(qi)神(shen);既(ji)驚其(qi)神(shen),即(ji)(ji)著萬(wan)物;既(ji)著萬(wan)物,即(ji)(ji)生貪求;既(ji)生貪求,即(ji)(ji)是煩(fan)惱;煩(fan)惱妄想,憂苦(ku)身心(xin);便遭濁辱,流浪生死;常沉(chen)苦(ku)海(hai),永(yong)失(shi)真(zhen)道(dao)(dao)。真(zhen)常之道(dao)(dao),悟者(zhe)(zhe)自得;得悟道(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe),常清(qing)靜(jing)矣!
仙人(ren)(ren)葛玄曰:吾(wu)得真道,曾誦此經萬遍。此經是(shi)天人(ren)(ren)所習,不傳下士。吾(wu)昔(xi)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於東華(hua)帝君(jun)(jun)(jun),東華(hua)帝君(jun)(jun)(jun)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於金(jin)(jin)闕帝君(jun)(jun)(jun),金(jin)(jin)闕帝君(jun)(jun)(jun)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於西(xi)王母,西(xi)王母皆口口相(xiang)傳,不記文字。吾(wu)今於世,書(shu)而(er)錄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。上士悟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),升為(wei)天官;中士修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),南宮列(lie)仙;下士得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在世長年。游(you)行三界,升入金(jin)(jin)門。
左玄(xuan)真人(ren)曰:學道(dao)之(zhi)士,持誦此經者,即得十天(tian)善(shan)神(shen),擁護其身(shen) [6] 。然(ran)後玉符保神(shen),金液煉形。形神(shen)俱(ju)妙,與道(dao)合(he)真。
正一真人曰(yue):人家有(you)此(ci)經,悟解之者(zhe),災障不(bu)干,眾(zhong)圣護門。神升上界,朝拜高真。功滿德就,相(xiang)感帝君。誦(song)持(chi)不(bu)退,身騰(teng)紫云(yun)。
(1)太(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)老君(jun)說常清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing):全稱《太(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)老君(jun)說常清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)妙經(jing)(jing)(jing)》,或《太(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)老君(jun)說常清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)真(zhen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》,又稱《太(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)混元上(shang)(shang)(shang)德皇帝說常清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》,簡稱《清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》、《常清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》。作者不詳。此經(jing)(jing)(jing)主要闡(chan)述“如(ru)何清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing),漸入真(zhen)道”。“太(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)老君(jun)”,道教徒對“老子”的尊稱。“太(tai)”為(wei)大(da)之意(yi),“上(shang)(shang)(shang)”為(wei)尊之意(yi);高真(zhen)莫先眾圣共(gong)尊,“太(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)”系(xi)道門最(zui)高之辭(ci),用以稱呼其神仙(xian)體系(xi)中品位極高之神,故為(wei)宗祖,太(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)老君(jun)是大(da)道的另一(yi)尊號,太(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)老君(jun)就是道,道就是太(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)老君(jun)。
老(lao)即壽,君(jun)(jun)是(shi)(shi)尊號,道(dao)(dao)清德極(ji),所以稱(cheng)為君(jun)(jun)。說(shuo)明老(lao)君(jun)(jun)為眾圣之(zhi)祖(zu),真(zhen)神(shen)之(zhi)宗。一(yi)切(qie)萬物,莫不皆因(yin)(yin)老(lao)君(jun)(jun)所制,故為宗祖(zu)也。常為恒也。清為元(yuan),靜(jing)為炁,經(jing)為法。一(yi)則為圣人之(zhi)徑(jing)路,二(er)則為神(shen)仙(xian)的梯(ti)凳。凡(fan)學道(dao)(dao)的人,都(dou)因(yin)(yin)經(jing)戒而(er)成真(zhen)圣。圣人沒有不借(jie)(jie)經(jing)而(er)成為圣人,不憑借(jie)(jie)元(yuan)炁而(er)成道(dao)(dao)的。《清靜(jing)經(jing)》在道(dao)(dao)教中占有重(zhong)要的位(wei)置,歷來(lai)為此作注者眾多(duo)。《玄門日(ri)誦早(zao)晚功(gong)課經(jing)》把《清靜(jing)經(jing)》放在眾經(jing)之(zhi)首,每(mei)(mei)日(ri)持誦,可知該經(jing)是(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)教徒修持的一(yi)部非常重(zhong)要的上乘經(jing)典。每(mei)(mei)每(mei)(mei)朗誦此經(jing)“夫人神(shen)好清,而(er)心(xin)(xin)擾之(zhi);人心(xin)(xin)好靜(jing),而(er)欲(yu)牽之(zhi)”。“遣(qian)其欲(yu)而(er)心(xin)(xin)自(zi)靜(jing),澄其心(xin)(xin)而(er)神(shen)自(zi)清”。自(zi)然而(er)然就能“清靜(jing)”、“漸(jian)入(ru)真(zhen)道(dao)(dao)”。
(2)老(lao)君曰:大道無(wu)形(xing),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di):老(lao)君,太上老(lao)君的(de)(de)簡(jian)稱(cheng)。曰,稱(cheng)、說(shuo)。大道,道是(shi)至高(gao)無(wu)上的(de)(de),是(shi)在沒有(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)之前,有(you)一個沒有(you)形(xing)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)最高(gao)能源(yuan),《道德(de)經(jing)》中說(shuo)她(ta)“獨立而不改,周行而不殆”。世間(jian)萬物都是(shi)由(you)她(ta)所生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。《道德(de)經(jing)》中說(shuo):“道生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一,一生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)二(er),二(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)三(san)。三(san)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)萬物。”因天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)萬物皆為(wei)“道”的(de)(de)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),故(gu)注稱(cheng)“大道”。她(ta)是(shi)不可名狀(zhuang)之物,而又大而無(wu)外(wai),小(xiao)而無(wu)內,杳杳冥冥,其中有(you)精,混混沌沌,分為(wei)陰陽。無(wu)形(xing),視(shi)之不見。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu),育(yu)(yu),養(yang)育(yu)(yu),長(chang)養(yang)陰陽,所以叫生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu),陽為(wei)清,上升為(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian),陰為(wei)濁,下降為(wei)地(di),此言(yan)大道是(shi)永恒不滅的(de)(de),天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)萬物,都是(shi)從她(ta)而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),由(you)她(ta)所養(yang),最后(hou)由(you)她(ta)化解,她(ta)是(shi)萬有(you)之源(yuan),萬化之本(ben)。所以說(shuo)她(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)。
(3)大道(dao)(dao)無情(qing)(qing),運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)日月(yue):大道(dao)(dao),至高(gao)無上,極(ji)尊至貴的(de)道(dao)(dao)。無情(qing)(qing),沒有(you)(you)偏(pian)愛及(ji)(ji)私情(qing)(qing)。運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),此處(chu)指化生萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)。日月(yue),指日月(yue)星辰及(ji)(ji)世(shi)間萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)。此句言人有(you)(you)喜、怒、哀(ai)、樂等表現,都(dou)是從一(yi)個“情(qing)(qing)”字(zi)中而來,然而不可名狀的(de)大道(dao)(dao),雖然萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)都(dou)在她(ta)的(de)包容之(zhi)中,但她(ta)則(ze)是一(yi)視(shi)同仁,沒有(you)(you)半(ban)點偏(pian)愛和(he)私護(hu),在大宇宙中旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),沒有(you)(you)止息(xi),也沒有(you)(you)偏(pian)差,試(shi)想這(zhe)種充沛的(de)能力及(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為,是誰給她(ta)的(de)呢?那(nei)就是沒有(you)(you)一(yi)分一(yi)毫(hao)私情(qing)(qing)的(de)大道(dao)(dao)。
(4)大(da)道(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming),長(chang)養(yang)萬物(wu):無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming),是指(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)形(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)象(xiang)的混元大(da)道(dao)(dao),因無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)形(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)象(xiang),所以(yi)叫(jiao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming)。《道(dao)(dao)德(de)經(jing)》云:“道(dao)(dao)常無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming)。”無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming)指(zhi)有(you)(you)功而(er)不(bu)為名(ming)(ming)的意(yi)思(si)。《道(dao)(dao)德(de)經(jing)》又云:“大(da)道(dao)(dao)泛(fan)兮(xi),其可左右(you)。萬物(wu)恃之(zhi)以(yi)生(sheng)而(er)不(bu)辭,功成而(er)不(bu)有(you)(you)。”不(bu)有(you)(you)指(zhi)不(bu)為已(yi)有(you)(you),也是指(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)意(yi)。長(chang)養(yang),生(sheng)長(chang)養(yang)育。萬物(wu),指(zhi)世間萬事(shi)萬物(wu)。此句言大(da)道(dao)(dao)自生(sheng)萬事(shi)萬物(wu)而(er)不(bu)為已(yi)有(you)(you)的博(bo)大(da)胸懷和無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)私。
(5)吾(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知其名(ming),強(qiang)名(ming)曰道(dao)(dao):吾(wu),即我。不(bu)(bu)(bu)知其名(ming),不(bu)(bu)(bu)知道(dao)(dao)她的名(ming)稱,如何稱謂她。強(qiang)名(ming),勉(mian)(mian)強(qiang)稱名(ming)。此句言大道(dao)(dao)是(shi)萬事萬物產生(sheng)、發展(zhan)、滅(mie)亡的根源,就(jiu)連太上老君都不(bu)(bu)(bu)知道(dao)(dao)怎么稱呼她,給(gei)她定稱,就(jiu)勉(mian)(mian)強(qiang)稱之為(wei)“道(dao)(dao)”。《道(dao)(dao)德經》云:“有物混成,先(xian)天地生(sheng)。寂兮寥(liao)兮,獨立而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)改(gai),周(zhou)行而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)殆。可(ke)以(yi)為(wei)天下母。吾(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知其名(ming),字之曰道(dao)(dao)。”
此(ci)段總的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)講,太上(shang)老(lao)君教人(ren)(ren)知道什(shen)么是(shi)萬(wan)(wan)事萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根源,她(ta)(ta)是(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)形狀、沒有(you)(you)(you)情(qing)欲(yu)、沒有(you)(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)字的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)道之(zhi)體,她(ta)(ta)是(shi)天(tian)地(di)萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運作(zuo)長養的(de)(de)(de)(de)惟(wei)一(yi)操作(zuo)者。沒有(you)(you)(you)她(ta)(ta),世界將(jiang)毫無生(sheng)機可(ke)言,凡是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)智慧的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)士,應當(dang)觀察她(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)永恒常存,向(xiang)她(ta)(ta)學習。一(yi)要學習她(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無形。“外其(qi)身而身修,忘其(qi)形而形存”。“吾(wu)(wu)所以有(you)(you)(you)大(da)患(huan)者,為吾(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)身,及吾(wu)(wu)無身,吾(wu)(wu)又何患(huan)”。二要做到(dao)無情(qing),無情(qing)就是(shi)無念(nian),就是(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)七情(qing)六欲(yu),心(xin)地(di)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)清靜,本(ben)性才(cai)(cai)能(neng)永住。第三要做到(dao)無名(ming)(ming)。萬(wan)(wan)事萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)都是(shi)從無名(ming)(ming)中生(sheng)出,修行的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren),如果能(neng)做到(dao)舍去有(you)(you)(you)形之(zhi)身,忘掉肉體之(zhi)我,即(ji)是(shi)大(da)道無形之(zhi)功;能(neng)做到(dao)一(yi)念(nian)不動(dong),心(xin)地(di)圓滿無缺,即(ji)是(shi)大(da)道無情(qing)之(zhi)功。能(neng)做到(dao)這些(xie),在(zai)你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性海中無一(yi)物(wu)(wu)可(ke)思,無一(yi)事可(ke)言。達到(dao)不可(ke)名(ming)(ming)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)始先(xian)天(tian)境界,即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)無名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)道之(zhi)體了,到(dao)此(ci)則萬(wan)(wan)福(fu)并致,圓滿無缺,常此(ci)先(xian)天(tian)大(da)道必然有(you)(you)(you)成了。
(6)夫道(dao)者,有(you)(you)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)有(you)(you)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),有(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)(you)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。天(tian)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)地(di)(di)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),天(tian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)地(di)(di)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。男(nan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)女(nv)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),男(nan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)女(nv)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。降本(ben)流(liu)末,而生萬(wan)物(wu):夫,發語詞。清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)為(wei)天(tian),正(zheng)(zheng)陽之(zhi)(zhi)炁,上升(sheng)為(wei)天(tian)。濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)為(wei)地(di)(di),正(zheng)(zheng)陰(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)炁,下結為(wei)地(di)(di)。有(you)(you)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)有(you)(you)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),如宇宙中有(you)(you)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)水(shui)就有(you)(you)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)水(shui)一(yi)樣(yang)。動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)態(tai)。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)態(tai)。有(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)(you)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。天(tian)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)而清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。地(di)(di)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)凝(ning)而濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)。天(tian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)地(di)(di)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)地(di)(di)有(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)(you)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。男(nan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),男(nan)子(zi)有(you)(you)神炁之(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。女(nv)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),女(nv)子(zi)有(you)(you)敗血之(zhi)(zhi)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)。男(nan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),男(nan)子(zi)好動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。女(nv)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),女(nv)子(zi)好靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。降本(ben),歸(gui)于根本(ben)。流(liu)末,返(fan)于末端。此句說(shuo):道(dao)分清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)喻,男(nan)女(nv)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)機(ji),清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)理,男(nan)女(nv)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)用,動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)機(ji),萬(wan)物(wu)本(ben)末之(zhi)(zhi)由。
(7)清(qing)(qing)者(zhe)濁(zhuo)之(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan),動(dong)者(zhe)靜(jing)之(zhi)基:源(yuan)(yuan),源(yuan)(yuan)頭。基,基礎、根本。清(qing)(qing)者(zhe)濁(zhuo)之(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan),動(dong)者(zhe)靜(jing)之(zhi)基,指清(qing)(qing)、濁(zhuo)、動(dong)、靜(jing)乃相(xiang)對之(zhi)態,有(you)晴(qing)天(tian)就有(you)陰天(tian),有(you)生就有(you)死,兩者(zhe)相(xiang)互轉化的運動(dong),才有(you)生生不(bu)息的大道運行。
(8)人(ren)能(neng)常清(qing)靜,天(tian)地悉(xi)皆(jie)歸(gui):此句言學仙(xian)之人(ren),能(neng)堅守(shou)于(yu)至(zhi)道(dao),一切(qie)萬(wan)物自然歸(gui)之。經云:“江河淮海,非(fei)(fei)欲于(yu)魚鱉(bie)蛟龍,魚鱉(bie)蛟龍自來歸(gui)之。人(ren)能(neng)清(qing)虛寡(gua)欲,無為非(fei)(fei)于(yu)至(zhi)道(dao),至(zhi)道(dao)自來歸(gui)之于(yu)人(ren)。但(dan)能(neng)守(shou)太和元炁,體道(dao)合真,萬(wan)物悉(xi)歸(gui)耳。”
此段(duan)總(zong)述了(le),所謂(wei)大(da)道(dao)的(de)(de)造化,乃是(shi)(shi)大(da)道(dao)中自然而然大(da)道(dao)無(wu)形的(de)(de)運作,絲(si)毫沒有一點自私的(de)(de)作為(wei)(wei),這樣才能做到“大(da)道(dao)之行也,天(tian)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)公”的(de)(de)境界。清(qing)、濁、動(dong)、靜、天(tian)、地、男、女,萬(wan)事萬(wan)物(wu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)生(sheng)化化,由本到末的(de)(de)運行,永不停(ting)止,人在其境,如果(guo)迷于其中,隨波(bo)逐流(liu),便是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)死流(liu)浪!如果(guo)放下(xia)身(shen)心,合于大(da)道(dao)的(de)(de)清(qing)靜無(wu)為(wei)(wei),便是(shi)(shi)道(dao)德崇高的(de)(de)人了(le)。
(9)夫人(ren)神好(hao)清,而(er)(er)心(xin)(xin)(xin)擾(rao)(rao)之(zhi);人(ren)心(xin)(xin)(xin)好(hao)靜(jing)(jing),而(er)(er)欲牽之(zhi):神,此處(chu)指人(ren)的元神本(ben)性(xing),來(lai)(lai)自(zi)無極中的真陽之(zhi)靈(ling)。心(xin)(xin)(xin),元炁(qi)結成的東西,圣(sheng)人(ren)云:“聲色不(bu)(bu)止(zhi)神不(bu)(bu)清,思慮不(bu)(bu)止(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)寧(ning),心(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)寧(ning)兮神不(bu)(bu)靈(ling),神不(bu)(bu)寧(ning)兮道不(bu)(bu)成。”七情六欲,是(shi)(shi)識(shi)神著了外境而(er)(er)生(sheng)之(zhi)貪念,元炁(qi)所結成之(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin),本(ben)來(lai)(lai)也是(shi)(shi)好(hao)靜(jing)(jing),但貪欲之(zhi)念一起,牽動一心(xin)(xin)(xin),就不(bu)(bu)再平靜(jing)(jing)了。此句言(yan)人(ren)的心(xin)(xin)(xin)神本(ben)來(lai)(lai)清靜(jing)(jing),都是(shi)(shi)因世(shi)欲之(zhi)事干擾(rao)(rao),而(er)(er)使之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)清靜(jing)(jing)。
(10)常能(neng)遣其欲,而心(xin)自靜(jing),澄其心(xin)而神自清:遣,去除。澄,澄清。此句(ju)言(yan)人能(neng)去除七情六欲,內(nei)守元和自然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)炁,內(nei)心(xin)自然(ran)(ran)而然(ran)(ran)就(jiu)會安靜(jing),七情六欲就(jiu)不能(neng)存在(zai)。古仙云:“欲從(cong)心(xin)起,息(xi)從(cong)心(xin)定,心(xin)息(xi)相依,息(xi)調心(xin)靜(jing)。”
(11)自然(ran)六(liu)(liu)欲不(bu)(bu)生,三(san)(san)毒(du)消(xiao)滅:六(liu)(liu)欲,指六(liu)(liu)根,六(liu)(liu)根指眼、耳(er)(er)、口、鼻、心、意。欲,染(ran)著(zhu)之貌,情(qing)愛之喻。觀境而染(ran),謂之欲。所以眼見(jian)耳(er)(er)聞,意知心覺。世上之人(ren)(ren)如(ru)(ru)果能(neng)(neng)斷(duan)其情(qing),去其欲,澄其心,忘其慮(lv),而安其神,那么六(liu)(liu)欲自然(ran)而然(ran)就會(hui)消(xiao)滅不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)存在。三(san)(san)毒(du)為三(san)(san)尸(shi)(shi),上尸(shi)(shi)彭(peng)琚、中尸(shi)(shi)彭(peng)瓚、下(xia)尸(shi)(shi)彭(peng)矯。上尸(shi)(shi)好華飾,中尸(shi)(shi)好滋(zi)味(wei),下(xia)尸(shi)(shi)好淫欲。人(ren)(ren)若能(neng)(neng)斷(duan)其華飾,遠離滋(zi)味(wei),絕其淫欲,去此(ci)三(san)(san)事,就能(neng)(neng)使毒(du)消(xiao)滅,三(san)(san)毒(du)既(ji)滅,就能(neng)(neng)神如(ru)(ru)炁(qi)暢,自然(ran)清(qing)靜。
(12)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)不(bu)能(neng)者(zhe),為(wei)(wei)心(xin)未澄,欲(yu)未遣(qian)也(ye):所(suo)(suo)以(yi)不(bu)能(neng)者(zhe),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)不(bu)能(neng)夠做到(dao)的,指(zhi)人(ren)心(xin)被(bei)名利、聲色、滋(zi)味等所(suo)(suo)動(dong),性(xing)亂情惑。為(wei)(wei)心(xin)未澄,指(zhi)心(xin)不(bu)能(neng)澄清。欲(yu)未遣(qian)也(ye),指(zhi)欲(yu)不(bu)能(neng)去除。此(ci)句言人(ren)心(xin)迷惑未斷,心(xin)有所(suo)(suo)染,不(bu)能(neng)窮盡妙理。
(13)能(neng)遣之(zhi)者,內觀其(qi)心(xin)(xin),心(xin)(xin)無其(qi)心(xin)(xin):人能(neng)斷情、絕貪(tan)、去欲,即(ji)無三毒之(zhi)害,使心(xin)(xin)處于形內,不能(neng)夠從外(wai)形上看到心(xin)(xin)內世(shi)界,心(xin)(xin)無其(qi)心(xin)(xin)。即(ji)無心(xin)(xin)可觀,無心(xin)(xin)可觀則無所用,無所修。就達到清靜之(zhi)道了。
(14)外觀(guan)其(qi)形(xing)(xing)(xing),形(xing)(xing)(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)形(xing)(xing)(xing):形(xing)(xing)(xing)由心主(zhu)宰,心由形(xing)(xing)(xing)表現出(chu)來(lai)。形(xing)(xing)(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)主(zhu)就(jiu)不能安靜,心沒有形(xing)(xing)(xing)表現出(chu)來(lai)就(jiu)不存在,心處于內(nei),形(xing)(xing)(xing)見(jian)于外,內(nei)外相承(cheng),不可(ke)相離。凡(fan)夫但知矜(jin)貴(gui)(gui)此身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen), 而惡(e)大(da)(da)患(huan)(huan)(huan),不知大(da)(da)患(huan)(huan)(huan)即(ji)是(shi)我身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),多求(qiu)資養,終(zhong)歸滅壞,故(gu)貴(gui)(gui)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)即(ji)是(shi)貴(gui)(gui)患(huan)(huan)(huan),惡(e)患(huan)(huan)(huan)即(ji) 可(ke)惡(e)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),為貴(gui)(gui)與(yu)大(da)(da)患(huan)(huan)(huan),俱以(yi)(yi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)為本,故(gu)言若(ruo)也(ye)。只(zhi)為有所,以(yi)(yi)有身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)患(huan)(huan)(huan),身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)既無(wu)(wu)(wu)矣,患(huan)(huan)(huan)豈有焉,故(gu)我無(wu)(wu)(wu)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),患(huan)(huan)(huan)將安托(tuo)。所言無(wu)(wu)(wu)者,坐忘喪我,隳體(ti)離形(xing)(xing)(xing),即(ji)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)無(wu)(wu)(wu)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),無(wu)(wu)(wu)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)非是(shi)滅壞,而稱無(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。故(gu)貴(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)為天(tian)下,若(ruo)可(ke)寄天(tian)下,不知身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是(shi)大(da)(da)患(huan)(huan)(huan),矜(jin)而貴(gui)(gui)之(zhi),自貴(gui)(gui)其(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),恒欲陵(ling)物(wu),如此之(zhi)人(ren),適可(ke)暫寓(yu)於世間,不得久(jiu)視於天(tian)下。愛(ai)以(yi)(yi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)為天(tian)下,若(ruo)可(ke)托(tuo)天(tian)下,寄是(shi)暫時寄寓(yu),托(tuo)謂永相附(fu)托(tuo),言能保愛(ai)己身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)不輕馳騖。謙以(yi)(yi)自牧,雌(ci)而順物(wu)者,則可(ke)以(yi)(yi)托(tuo)化於天(tian)下,故(gu)德經云自愛(ai)不自貴(gui)(gui)。獨(du)不以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)為生(sheng)者,是(shi)善能攝衛貴(gui)(gui)生(sheng)之(zhi)人(ren)也(ye)。
(15)遠觀其物(wu)(wu),物(wu)(wu)無其物(wu)(wu):物(wu)(wu),道之妙(miao)用,非世間的一般(ban)物(wu)(wu)體,五(wu)行(xing)造化(hua)謂之物(wu)(wu),塊需然有凝(ning)謂之形(xing)。凡是有形(xing)質的,都是后天(tian)之物(wu)(wu),物(wu)(wu)無其物(wu)(wu),謂之真,真空(kong)也(ye)。《道德經》云:“道之為物(wu)(wu),惟恍(huang)惟惚。”又曰(yue):“恍(huang)兮惚兮,其中有物(wu)(wu)。”此句言修道之士,應當認(ren)取先天(tian)恍(huang)惚中的真物(wu)(wu),而(er)放下后天(tian)有形(xing)的假(jia)物(wu)(wu),如此才能修道成真。
(16)三者(zhe)既悟,惟見于空:三者(zhe),指心(xin)、形(xing)、物(wu)。空,道(dao)(dao)之用。此句言凡(fan)(fan)夫(fu)俗子,都執著(zhu)身、心(xin)、外(wai)物(wu)三種東西,而學道(dao)(dao)的人,又常常執著(zhu)外(wai)面的法界,內里(li)的元神,遠處的神通(tong),以至“凡(fan)(fan)”能(neng)證“圣”,“圣”不能(neng)成“神”。如(ru)果能(neng)摒(bing)棄這些,使大道(dao)(dao)賦予(yu)了(le)神性(xing),即可超凡(fan)(fan)入圣了(le)。再進一(yi)步(bu)修煉(lian)到“圣而不可知之謂(wei)神”的高上境界,即是(shi)真空的境界了(le)。
(17)觀(guan)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)亦空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)無所(suo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong):空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),真空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)有兩種形式,有大(da)(da)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),有小(xiao)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。此二空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)懼無即自然不染正性(xing),以成(cheng)真道(dao)。觀(guan)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)也(ye)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),大(da)(da)道(dao)無象,空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)也(ye)有空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)象,應(ying)把此空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)象也(ye)加以忘去,則真空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)之境更加真實。空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)無所(suo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),凡(fan)居有質,都憑借大(da)(da)道(dao)而成(cheng)形,一切物類,都是從道(dao)而產生。大(da)(da)道(dao)坦然常存于物,非為斷滅也(ye)。
(18)所空既無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu):大道(dao)沒有(you)(you)(you)窮盡(jin),修道(dao)到了(le)空也沒有(you)(you)(you)處(chu)所之后,空也沒有(you)(you)(you)了(le)。如果仍然有(you)(you)(you)空,就不能達(da)到無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的境界,再(zai)進一步做到無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之又無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),就無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也不存在了(le)。空有(you)(you)(you)皆忘才可以達(da)到徹(che)底的真無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。
(19)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)既無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),湛然(ran)(ran)常寂(ji):無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)執。世間(jian)萬(wan)(wan)事萬(wan)(wan)物,都生于(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),而(er)(er)歸于(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生于(yu)有(you)(you),有(you)(you)歸于(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)有(you)(you)也,有(you)(you)者(zhe)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也。金(jin)木水(shui)火土異(yi)物,自然(ran)(ran)相假,眾相寄托,共(gong)成(cheng)一身(shen)。是(shi)知形體,由來虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。細(xi)析(xi)推陳出尋,遍體虛(xu)幻(huan),況一切諸法、念念,亦復(fu)如是(shi)。是(shi)知無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)即是(shi)有(you)(you),有(you)(you)即是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),自然(ran)(ran)而(er)(er)已。故經曰:無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)既無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。功(gong)夫到(dao)(dao)了空也沒(mei)有(you)(you)的地步(bu),就萬(wan)(wan)法都無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)了,達到(dao)(dao)湛然(ran)(ran)而(er)(er)又圓滿的虛(xu)靜真本,即成(cheng)真道了。
(20)寂無(wu)所寂,欲(yu)豈能(neng)生:寂到(dao)(dao)了盡頭,連寂都不(bu)存在(zai)了,就(jiu)到(dao)(dao)了無(wu)為、無(wu)事、無(wu)欲(yu)的(de)境(jing)界,自(zi)然(ran)成(cheng)道了。
(21)欲(yu)(yu)既不生,即是(shi)真(zhen)靜:真(zhen)靜,自然無(wu)(wu)欲(yu)(yu)。求靜必須先遣欲(yu)(yu),有欲(yu)(yu)則(ze)患生,無(wu)(wu)欲(yu)(yu)則(ze)無(wu)(wu)憂(you),無(wu)(wu)憂(you)則(ze)可進(jin)入真(zhen)靜。
(22)真(zhen)(zhen)常(chang)應物:真(zhen)(zhen),體無增減謂之(zhi)真(zhen)(zhen)。常(chang)者,法(fa)(fa)也(ye)。常(chang)能法(fa)(fa)則叫(jiao)真(zhen)(zhen)常(chang)之(zhi)法(fa)(fa)。法(fa)(fa)則真(zhen)(zhen)常(chang)應物,隨(sui)機而化導眾生。“寂然不動,感(gan)而遂通(tong)”,“感(gan)而遂通(tong)”依舊“寂然不動”。才能真(zhen)(zhen)常(chang)應物。
(23)真(zhen)常得(de)性(xing):凡欲得(de)成真(zhen)性(xing),須修常性(xing)而為道性(xing)。得(de)者動也。動其本性(xing),謂其得(de)性(xing)。
(24)常應(ying)常靜(jing),常清(qing)靜(jing)矣:“事(shi)來則(ze)應(ying)”,常應(ying)則(ze)無(wu)(wu)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)。常者道體(ti)也(ye),應(ying)者靈機也(ye)。言道體(ti)可(ke)以隨機而應(ying)萬(wan)變(bian)。“事(shi)去則(ze)忘(wang)”如浮云(yun)(yun)過空,云(yun)(yun)過則(ze)天又清(qing)又靜(jing)。可(ke)知,不(bu)(bu)(bu)管(guan)天之(zhi)有(you)云(yun)(yun)無(wu)(wu)云(yun)(yun),而天體(ti)本凈,不(bu)(bu)(bu)管(guan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)有(you)事(shi)無(wu)(wu)事(shi),皆(jie)可(ke)常若無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin),無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin),是為(wei)道心(xin)(xin)(xin),是為(wei)真心(xin)(xin)(xin),真心(xin)(xin)(xin)乃(nai)清(qing)靜(jing)無(wu)(wu)染(ran)之(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin),也(ye)即可(ke)應(ying)萬(wan)境萬(wan)變(bian)而永(yong)恒不(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)之(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。
(25)如(ru)此清靜(jing),漸入真道(dao):真道(dao),指清靜(jing)之性。真,即為道(dao)。此句(ju)言經中不言,令人(ren)須(xu)假性修,漸進(jin)而成真。
(26)既入真(zhen)(zhen)道(dao),名(ming)為得道(dao):此句(ju)接上句(ju),言既入真(zhen)(zhen)道(dao),名(ming)悟修真(zhen)(zhen)。煉凡成真(zhen)(zhen),煉真(zhen)(zhen)成神(shen)。
(27)雖(sui)(sui)名得(de)(de)道(dao),實(shi)無(wu)所得(de)(de):雖(sui)(sui)然從(cong)名目(mu)上(shang)說,似乎是得(de)(de)到(dao)了道(dao),但(dan)其(qi)實(shi)道(dao)為(wei)天(tian)地之(zhi)本源,宇宙之(zhi)原(yuan)動力,大自(zi)然之(zhi)規律。獨立而(er)(er)不改,周行而(er)(er)不殆。自(zi)本自(zi)根,未有(you)天(tian)地,自(zi)古以固存。先天(tian)地生而(er)(er)不為(wei)久,長于上(shang)古而(er)(er)不為(wei)老。太上(shang)無(wu)極大道(dao),本無(wu)得(de)(de)無(wu)失,無(wu)形無(wu)象(xiang),視之(zhi)不見,聽之(zhi)不聞,搏之(zhi)不得(de)(de)。故曰實(shi)無(wu)所得(de)(de)。
(28)為化(hua)(hua)(hua)眾(zhong)生,名為得道:化(hua)(hua)(hua),返以(yi)守真謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。化(hua)(hua)(hua),遷變之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義。逐換應見(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名,化(hua)(hua)(hua)別種(zhong)種(zhong),應見(jian)容(rong)儀。有無莫測,透(tou)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時人(ren)。透(tou)化(hua)(hua)(hua)者,指事為喻。恒勸開悟教道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。普令后學之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)。舍惡從善,惜身保命。故要歸于(yu)圣教。只有太上西(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)流沙,八十一國,亦法視(shi)相(xiang),或(huo)見(jian)大人(ren),身千(qian)丈(zhang)(zhang);或(huo)見(jian)小人(ren),身長丈(zhang)(zhang)八。變見(jian)無方(fang),易形改號。或(huo)曰金仙(xian),或(huo)曰梵仙(xian)。隨方(fang)設化(hua)(hua)(hua),同體異(yi)名。教人(ren)修道,去妄成真。乃立(li)清靜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教,是為得道。
(29)能(neng)悟(wu)之(zhi)者(zhe),可(ke)傳圣(sheng)(sheng)道(dao):悟(wu),覺(jue),猶(you)通。此句言凡學仙(xian)之(zhi)人(ren),若悟(wu)真理,則(ze)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)西(xi)竺東土為(wei)名(ming),分別(bie)(bie)六合之(zhi)內,天(tian)上地(di)下,道(dao)化(hua)一也。若悟(wu)解之(zhi)者(zhe)也不(bu)以(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)為(wei)尊,也不(bu)以(yi)(yi)眾(zhong)教為(wei)異,也不(bu)以(yi)(yi)儒宗為(wei)別(bie)(bie)。能(neng)悟(wu)本性(xing),非分別(bie)(bie)所得(de)。但(dan)能(neng)體似虛無(wu),常得(de)至(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。歸身(shen)內修清(qing)靜,則(ze)順天(tian)從也,名(ming)合人(ren)事,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)救苦拔衰(shuai)。以(yi)(yi)此修持,自然清(qing)靜。人(ren)能(neng)清(qing)靜,至(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)自來,不(bu)求自得(de),不(bu)學而成。清(qing)靜自然,圣(sheng)(sheng)道(dao)歸身(shen),所以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)可(ke)傳圣(sheng)(sheng)道(dao)。
此段總的是講了要“遣(qian)欲”、“澄(cheng)心(xin)”,在做到“無心(xin)”、“無形(xing)”、“無物(wu)(wu)”的境(jing)界后(hou),還要把“空”、“無”及湛然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“寂”也當(dang)做有名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu),遣(qian)而(er)忘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)達到“真常”、“清靜”,從而(er)“得道(dao)”。所謂得道(dao),并不(bu)是指有形(xing)有象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),而(er)是得證虛靈本性圓滿無缺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),得了此道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),可以(yi)(yi)應(ying)(ying)物(wu)(wu)應(ying)(ying)事(shi),玄同萬物(wu)(wu)。妙合(he)先天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炁,而(er)運化于萬物(wu)(wu)內外(wai),綿綿無盡(jin)。
(30)老君曰:上(shang)(shang)士無(wu)爭(zheng),下(xia)士好爭(zheng):上(shang)(shang)士,有(you)(you)修為(wei)有(you)(you)涵(han)養(yang)的(de)上(shang)(shang)等智慧的(de)人,是上(shang)(shang)德(de)派(pai)生的(de)。下(xia)士,指修為(wei)涵(han)養(yang)各方面(mian)都(dou)次于上(shang)(shang)士的(de)人。爭(zheng),求靜,執有(you)(you)之意。此句言有(you)(you)修為(wei)有(you)(you)涵(han)養(yang)的(de)上(shang)(shang)等智慧的(de)人,不與外(wai)界爭(zheng)勝爭(zheng)強而(er)自(zi)強。這是上(shang)(shang)士所(suo)獲(huo)得(de)的(de)福炁,而(er)下(xia)士由于一(yi)(yi)味爭(zheng)取身(shen)外(wai)之物,而(er)失其(qi)內在(zai)真性,終使神喪(sang)炁絕,一(yi)(yi)無(wu)所(suo)獲(huo)。
(31)上(shang)(shang)德(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)德(de)(de),下德(de)(de)執德(de)(de):德(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)道所表(biao)現(xian)出來的(de),通(tong)于(yu)道。經(jing)云(yun):“道之(zhi)在(zai)(zai)我(wo)即為德(de)(de)。”又云(yun):“德(de)(de)者得也(ye)。”德(de)(de)的(de)體性特征都同于(yu)道,道無(wu)(wu)形(xing)(xing)無(wu)(wu)象(xiang),含而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)露,空虛(xu)而(er)無(wu)(wu)跡(ji)象(xiang),卻無(wu)(wu)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you),無(wu)(wu)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai),無(wu)(wu)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)為,無(wu)(wu)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)成。生(sheng)育(yu)天地,運行(xing)日(ri)月,長養萬物,卻不(bu)(bu)(bu)自恃、自彰。這種特征表(biao)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)人身上(shang)(shang),就(jiu)叫(jiao)“上(shang)(shang)德(de)(de)”。上(shang)(shang)德(de)(de)和常德(de)(de)一樣,是(shi)(shi)內(nei)在(zai)(zai)的(de)、實質(zhi)的(de)、無(wu)(wu)形(xing)(xing)的(de)、自然的(de),而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)外在(zai)(zai)的(de)、表(biao)面的(de)、形(xing)(xing)式(shi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)東西。因而(er),無(wu)(wu)形(xing)(xing)的(de)道是(shi)(shi)大道,無(wu)(wu)形(xing)(xing)的(de)內(nei)在(zai)(zai)之(zhi)德(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)德(de)(de)。而(er)下德(de)(de)之(zhi)人,一味追求有(you)為之(zhi)法,飄流(liu)浮于(yu)開、情(qing)之(zhi)間,自以為是(shi)(shi),無(wu)(wu)法突破(po)小我(wo)而(er)進入(ru)無(wu)(wu)我(wo)的(de)高上(shang)(shang)境(jing)界。
(32)執著之者,不(bu)名道(dao)德(de)(de):執著,指執德(de)(de)、下德(de)(de)。道(dao)德(de)(de),指通變(bian)無方,存(cun)亡自在,應見即(ji)用(yong),能(neng)尊能(neng)貴(gui),悉(xi)皆(jie)自然。此(ci)句言下德(de)(de)之人(ren),故執諸(zhu)相,行(xing)流涉于有為,是不(bu)懂事理,不(bu)懂道(dao)德(de)(de)的人(ren),不(bu)能(neng)成道(dao)。
此段總講了人(ren)能安分守己,善保自(zi)性(xing),摒去一(yi)切(qie)塵(chen)障,樂道報德,自(zi)然靈性(xing)升(sheng)華,福壽無邊,切(qie)莫執著一(yi)事(shi)一(yi)物而自(zi)困愁(chou)城,成(cheng)為一(yi)個不(bu)明事(shi)理、不(bu)能自(zi)拔(ba)的(de)人(ren)。
(33)眾生(sheng)所(suo)以不(bu)(bu)得真(zhen)道(dao)者,為有妄(wang)心(xin)(xin)(xin):妄(wang),動(dong)。情浮(fu)意動(dong),心(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)所(suo)妄(wang)。動(dong),亂思,因妄(wang)亂了本性。此句言(yan)一切眾生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)得真(zhen)道(dao)的原因,都是被情染意動(dong)。妄(wang)有所(suo)思,思有所(suo)惑(惑,感(gan)其情而(er)妄(wang)動(dong)于(yu)意)。意動(dong)其思而(er)妄(wang)生(sheng)于(yu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。人一但有了妄(wang)動(dong)之心(xin)(xin)(xin),自然不(bu)(bu)能清靜,又說妄(wang)動(dong)即亡。都亡失道(dao)性。所(suo)以說逐境而(er)感(gan)情妄(wang)動(dong),不(bu)(bu)能得到真(zhen)道(dao)。
(34)既(ji)有妄心,即驚(jing)(jing)(jing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)神:驚(jing)(jing)(jing),指心之極畏,不只指盡(jin)驚(jing)(jing)(jing)。驚(jing)(jing)(jing)有兩種(zhong)情況,一指內修清(qing)靜,忘了形而驚(jing)(jing)(jing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)神;二指外(wai)習事情,勞于心而驚(jing)(jing)(jing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)形。此句言外(wai)又(you)既(ji)驚(jing)(jing)(jing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)形體,內誘自然驚(jing)(jing)(jing)于其(qi)(qi)(qi)神。想要心神安靜,就要外(wai)欲(yu)不生,欲(yu)不能生,自然清(qing)靜。
(35)既驚其神,即著(zhu)萬(wan)(wan)物:人如果驚其神,外就有所著(zhu)于(yu)境,內里就失去正(zheng)性,也可理解為道貴守一,不可著(zhu)于(yu)萬(wan)(wan)物而(er)驚其神。
(36)既著萬物,即(ji)生貪(tan)(tan)求(qiu):貪(tan)(tan),過分(fen)追求(qiu)、偏愛。有兩種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang):一(yi)是(shi)貪(tan)(tan)于世事(shi),外求(qiu)華飾(shi)欲樂,這種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)為陰咎,不合(he)于陽(yang),就不能清(qing)靜,是(shi)為沉滯;二是(shi)貪(tan)(tan)于進(jin)修(xiu)窮尋真理,堅求(qiu)至道,這叫內貪(tan)(tan)。這種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)屬于陽(yang),能體道合(he)真,自然清(qing)靜。
(37)既生貪(tan)求(qiu),即是(shi)煩(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)惱:貪(tan)求(qiu)外(wai)事(shi),要漸漸斷(duan)除;貪(tan)求(qiu)內事(shi),要勤勤修進。雖然(ran)是(shi)內求(qiu)至(zhi)道(dao),也(ye)不(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)固執,如(ru)此也(ye)能生煩(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)惱。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)里的煩(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)惱也(ye)分兩(liang)種情(qing)況(kuang),有輕(qing)(qing)(qing)重(zhong)之分,一是(shi)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)煩(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)惱,二(er)是(shi)重(zhong)煩(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)惱。輕(qing)(qing)(qing)煩(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)惱是(shi)貪(tan)求(qiu)至(zhi)道(dao),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種情(qing)況(kuang)也(ye)生煩(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)惱。二(er)是(shi)外(wai)求(qiu)世法,名重(zhong)煩(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)惱。輕(qing)(qing)(qing)就(jiu)合陽(yang),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)叫清,重(zhong)即合陰,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)叫濁。雖然(ran)分了(le)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)重(zhong),但兩(liang)者這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)間(jian)又是(shi)相對的。貪(tan)就(jiu)會生迷惑(huo),但是(shi)要舍重(zhong)棄輕(qing)(qing)(qing),內守(shou)元和,湛然(ran)不(bu)動(dong),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)叫懷(huai)道(dao)抱德了(le),自然(ran)而(er)然(ran)就(jiu)淳樸了(le)。
(38)煩(fan)惱(nao)妄(wang)想(xiang),憂苦(ku)(ku)身(shen)心。便(bian)遭濁(zhuo)辱,流(liu)浪生(sheng)(sheng)死。常沉苦(ku)(ku)海,永(yong)失真(zhen)道:濁(zhuo),染。辱,污(wu)。流(liu)浪,指(zhi)反(fan)復。苦(ku)(ku)海,苦(ku)(ku)的大海,海指(zhi)大。此(ci)句言(yan)人(ren)的身(shen)心逐于外(wai)物,憂苦(ku)(ku)自然(ran)(ran)而然(ran)(ran)就產生(sheng)(sheng)而擾亂身(shen)心,在生(sheng)(sheng)死之間反(fan)復,永(yong)遠不(bu)(bu)能超(chao)脫,流(liu)浪于苦(ku)(ku)海之中。憂苦(ku)(ku)的事(shi)不(bu)(bu)能夠休(xiu)止,都(dou)(dou)是出自人(ren)心造作的。學道的人(ren),都(dou)(dou)內守(shou)其一外(wai)除(chu)其想(xiang)(一,指(zhi)身(shen))。圣人(ren)云(yun):“存三(san)(san)守(shou)一”。(三(san)(san),指(zhi)精、炁、神(shen)。)但守(shou)其身(shen),必存于三(san)(san)。所以(yi)《西升經》云(yun):守(shou)身(shen)不(bu)(bu)失,常存也(ye),專守(shou)其一,不(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)妄(wang)想(xiang),即免于苦(ku)(ku)海,沉淪憂苦(ku)(ku),不(bu)(bu)著于身(shen)。心自然(ran)(ran)解脫,自然(ran)(ran)清靜。
(39)真常之道(dao)(dao)(dao),悟(wu)(wu)者自(zi)得(de),得(de)悟(wu)(wu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)者,常清(qing)靜(jing)矣:真道(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)常存的,無時(shi)不在,不生也不滅,她外包天(tian)地,內入毫芒,運行日月,長(chang)養(yang)萬物,人能(neng)悟(wu)(wu)解(jie),自(zi)然而(er)得(de),得(de)的不是(shi)外在的東西,而(er)是(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。所(suo)以太上說,人能(neng)覺悟(wu)(wu),悟(wu)(wu)則本性(xing),謂之得(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)也,所(suo)得(de)到(dao)(dao)的道(dao)(dao)(dao)不是(shi)大道(dao)(dao)(dao),大道(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)難求(qiu)難得(de)的。經云(yun):“天(tian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)無親,常與善人。”又云(yun):“道(dao)(dao)(dao)本無形,莫之能(neng)名,得(de)悟(wu)(wu)之者,惟(wei)已自(zi)知。”善人常能(neng)守于(yu)清(qing)靜(jing),都是(shi)得(de)到(dao)(dao)真道(dao)(dao)(dao)的人。
此段(duan)總講了(le)眾生(sheng)所以(yi)不能(neng)得(de)到真(zhen)道的原因,是由于妄(wang)念之(zhi)(zhi)起,貪求身外有(you)形(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),大傷自己精炁神,以(yi)至流浪生(sheng)死,常(chang)存苦(ku)(ku)海濁辱之(zhi)(zhi)中,受(shou)苦(ku)(ku)受(shou)難。如果一心向(xiang)善,修(xiu)煉真(zhen)常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)道,一旦(dan)了(le)悟大道的規(gui)律(lv),修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)不輟,自會(hui)有(you)成。以(yi)達到常(chang)清(qing)常(chang)靜(jing),有(you)至樂而(er)無苦(ku)(ku)難的真(zhen)常(chang)境界(jie)。
(40)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)葛(ge)(ge)玄曰:吾(wu)得(de)真道(dao)(dao),誦此經(jing)(jing)萬遍:葛(ge)(ge)翁,此指葛(ge)(ge)玄。三國時(shi)(shi)方士,字孝先,丹(dan)(dan)陽句容(今(jin)屬(shu)江蘇(su))人(ren)。《抱樸子·金(jin)丹(dan)(dan)篇》稱(cheng),他曾經(jing)(jing)從左慈學(xue)道(dao)(dao),受《太清丹(dan)(dan)經(jing)(jing)》、《九鼎(ding)丹(dan)(dan)經(jing)(jing)》、《金(jin)液丹(dan)(dan)經(jing)(jing)》等煉丹(dan)(dan)經(jing)(jing)書(shu),于閣皂(zao)山(shan)修道(dao)(dao),常(chang)辟谷服食,擅符(fu)咒諸法(fa),奇術甚多。后(hou)世(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)教尊稱(cheng)為“葛(ge)(ge)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)公”或(huo)“葛(ge)(ge)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)翁”,又稱(cheng)“太極左仙(xian)(xian)(xian)公”;北宋(song)(song)徽(hui)宗(zong)時(shi)(shi)封(feng)為“沖(chong)應(ying)真人(ren)”;南宋(song)(song)理(li)宗(zong)時(shi)(shi)封(feng)為“沖(chong)應(ying)孚佑真君”。明清時(shi)(shi),道(dao)(dao)門(men)和民間又常(chang)稱(cheng)葛(ge)(ge)洪為葛(ge)(ge)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)翁。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)翁,祖代求(qiu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian),皆成真人(ren),仙(xian)(xian)(xian)翁初入(ru)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)時(shi)(shi),居(ju)長白山(shan),或(huo)居(ju)東岳,自后(hou)遍歷名山(shan),殷勤求(qiu)道(dao)(dao),成道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)后(hou),隱跡潛形,惟值得(de)留經(jing)(jing)教于世(shi)(shi),勸悟后(hou)學(xue)之(zhi)徒,凡言(yan)誦此經(jing)(jing)萬遍者,即萬行圓(yuan)備(bei),圓(yuan)滿之(zhi)意。又說,萬遍道(dao)(dao)備(bei),飛升太空,萬神之(zhi)備(bei),萬遍既周,乃成清靜之(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。
(41)此(ci)經(jing)(jing)是天(tian)人(ren)習,不(bu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)下(xia)士(shi)(shi):天(tian)人(ren),極陽(yang)之(zhi)仙。天(tian)仙者,碧落(luo)飛騰(teng),游行(xing)自在,兩腋有(you)毛羽,也叫羽客。凡是天(tian)仙羽客,住(zhu)于三清之(zhi)上,常行(xing)于經(jing)(jing)法,也不(bu)輕傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)下(xia)士(shi)(shi)。世(shi)人(ren)苦修天(tian)人(ren)之(zhi)行(xing),即謂天(tian)上人(ren)。凡欲修學之(zhi)士(shi)(shi),何不(bu)誦習此(ci)經(jing)(jing),日有(you)進(jin)修三業,若無(wu)(wu)退(tui)慢之(zhi)心,是有(you)進(jin)無(wu)(wu)退(tui)之(zhi)士(shi)(shi),也不(bu)令經(jing)(jing)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)下(xia)士(shi)(shi)。圣人(ren)云:“經(jing)(jing)法流行(xing)于世(shi),學人(ren)若遇須(xu)當寶而貴之(zhi),不(bu)可(ke)輕世(shi),如逢賢士(shi)(shi),有(you)心即授,有(you)善即傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。”
(42)吾昔受之于(yu)(yu)東(dong)華(hua)帝(di)(di)(di)君:吾,仙(xian)翁自稱。東(dong)華(hua)帝(di)(di)(di)君,又(you)名(ming)木公(gong)、東(dong)王(wang)公(gong)、扶桑(sang)大帝(di)(di)(di),與丹靈(ling)、黃老、皓靈(ling)、玄老并稱“五方五老”,他掌管男(nan)仙(xian)名(ming)籍,男(nan)人成仙(xian)必謁東(dong)王(wang)公(gong),女于(yu)(yu)成仙(xian)必謁西王(wang)母。此句(ju)言仙(xian)翁得受此經(清靜經)于(yu)(yu)東(dong)華(hua)帝(di)(di)(di)君,也是不輕(qing)傳于(yu)(yu)下(xia)士的。
(43)東華帝(di)(di)君(jun)(jun)受之于金(jin)闕(que)帝(di)(di)君(jun)(jun):金(jin)闕(que),指(zhi)天(tian)庭(ting)。金(jin)闕(que)帝(di)(di)君(jun)(jun),經(jing)書中說(shuo)法不(bu)一,有經(jing)稱是太(tai)上(shang)老君(jun)(jun)。有經(jing)稱是太(tai)上(shang)老君(jun)(jun)隨方設化,或號天(tian)皇(huang)大(da)帝(di)(di),或曰太(tai)一救苦天(tian)尊,或號金(jin)闕(que)圣(sheng)(sheng)君(jun)(jun)。此意指(zhi)上(shang)圣(sheng)(sheng)帝(di)(di)君(jun)(jun)都寶秘(mi)此經(jing),何況后(hou)學(xue)傳(chuan)授修(xiu)持(chi)諷誦(song),還不(bu)更加崇(chong)仰而學(xue)修(xiu)。
(44)金(jin)闕帝君(jun)受(shou)之于(yu)西(xi)王(wang)母:西(xi)王(wang)母,即王(wang)母娘娘、金(jin)母。是(shi)道教諸女(nv)仙之尊神,女(nv)仙之首,凡女(nv)人(ren)成(cheng)仙必(bi)謁“金(jin)母”。此句言金(jin)闕帝君(jun)受(shou)此經于(yu)西(xi)王(wang)母之時(shi),也是(shi)不(bu)輕傳下士的。
(45)皆口(kou)口(kou)相傳(chuan),不記文字(zi)。吾今于世(shi),書(shu)而錄之:口(kou)口(kou)相傳(chuan),指古圣人傳(chuan)授經法,都是(shi)內藏心腹,秘受經文,流通行化,并不記文字(zi),就不被(bei)世(shi)人所(suo)能見到。自從仙翁以來,書(shu)寫下了此經,傳(chuan)于下世(shi),普(pu)遍流行,是(shi)要拔(ba)度后學之人。
(46)上(shang)士(shi)悟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),升為(wei)天(tian)官(guan):上(shang)士(shi),外煉(lian)形(xing)質(zhi),內養精(jing)神(shen)。外和(he)其(qi)光,而(er)同其(qi)塵(chen),內修功而(er)保其(qi)元(yuan)炁(qi)(qi),元(yuan)炁(qi)(qi)是神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母,人(ren)能常(chang)存于(yu)(yu)(yu)元(yuan)炁(qi)(qi),下(xia)保于(yu)(yu)(yu)丹田(tian),上(shang)固于(yu)(yu)(yu)泥丸,中守(shou)于(yu)(yu)(yu)絳宮,這樣保于(yu)(yu)(yu)三(san)元(yuan),內養于(yu)(yu)(yu)神(shen)。(神(shen),炁(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子。形(xing),神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舍。神(shen)是身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu),身無主(zhu)則不安,形(xing)無神(shen)而(er)不立。)上(shang)達之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),常(chang)服日(ri)精(jing),保于(yu)(yu)(yu)下(xia)丹田(tian),飲月華,保于(yu)(yu)(yu)腦戶。(腦戶,指泥丸上(shang)丹田(tian),屬陰。所以(yi)用太陽精(jing)炁(qi)(qi)保之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。)易經(jing)云:“一陰一陽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂道(dao),能恃日(ri)月二(er)景,扶身形(xing)而(er)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必升為(wei)天(tian)官(guan)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)云五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)炁(qi)(qi),是五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正炁(qi)(qi)。凡上(shang)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臟既真(zhen),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臟炁(qi)(qi)自生五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing),真(zhen)炁(qi)(qi)化成五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)云,扶其(qi)形(xing)質(zhi),上(shang)游(you)三(san)界(jie)(三(san)界(jie),欲界(jie)、色(se)界(jie)、無色(se)界(jie)),下(xia)游(you)十方(十方,指四維、上(shang)、下(xia)。)。三(san)界(jie)十方俱無滯礙(ai),然后(hou)升入上(shang)清(qing),得位為(wei)天(tian)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)號。
(47)中士修之(zhi),南宮(gong)(gong)(gong)列仙:凡學道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)士,先順煉肌,謂之(zhi)寶玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(玉(yu)(yu)(yu),指(zhi)骨)。煉肺(fei)保(bao)津,謂之(zhi)炁。(金,指(zhi)肺(fei)。金石,指(zhi)腎。丹,指(zhi)心(xin)。)安心(xin)息(xi)氣,保(bao)于。腎臟,乃得(de)延年。不是世間金石寶玉(yu)(yu)(yu)。這里所謂的金石,能保(bao)人性(xing)命。另據圖南子云:如何(he)外寶?即先要內保(bao)。如果能內保(bao)于性(xing)命,然(ran)后上參于上清圣文。(圣文,指(zhi)上清秘(mi)寶之(zhi)書。)下(xia)(xia)達玄微(wei)。(玄微(wei),指(zhi)下(xia)(xia)元腎)又(you)據上清經云:南方有(you)丹靈(ling)天,內有(you)蕊珠宮(gong)(gong)(gong),宮(gong)(gong)(gong)內有(you)一真君(jun)號(hao)靈(ling)天君(jun)。又(you)據是朱陽宮(gong)(gong)(gong)或朱陵(ling)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。宮(gong)(gong)(gong)的一處有(you)炎炎火煉池,池有(you)七(qi)寶宮(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)。也(ye)稱紫陽宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。如果有(you)下(xia)(xia)達之(zhi)士,學道(dao)(dao)成功(gong)的,得(de)到司命真君(jun)認(ren)同,錄下(xia)(xia)姓(xing)名,奏(zou)上南宮(gong)(gong)(gong),就得(de)為仙宮(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)號(hao)了。
(48)下(xia)士得之(zhi)(zhi),在世長年:下(xia)士不(bu)能(neng)絕(jue)利一源,都求(qiu)資身益命之(zhi)(zhi)道,或服靈藥(yao),或餌(er)丹(dan)砂,或休名棄位,或淡靜(jing)安神,或依倚林泉,或藏跡于朝市(shi),內修(xiu)至(zhi)道,外合五常(chang),或隱或見,體道合真(zhen),如斯不(bu)退(tui),尚保延年,何(he)況(kuang)高(gao)士英賢,隱于嵩谷,學神人(ren)餐藥(yao)而得白日升天(tian)。何(he)故(gu)(gu)后人(ren)不(bu)能(neng)專至(zhi),即今西岳華山(shan),山(shan)居(ju)隱士,丁陳二人(ren),在世延年注(zhu)名以入仙位,況(kuang)后人(ren)不(bu)能(neng)相效,故(gu)(gu)舉此數,喻乃明至(zhi)道無偏求(qiu)者必達。故(gu)(gu)本經云:天(tian)道無親,常(chang)與(yu)善人(ren)。
(49)游行(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)界,升入(ru)金(jin)(jin)門:靈寶經(jing)(jing)云:三(san)(san)十二(er)(er)天(tian)(tian)(tian)、三(san)(san)十二(er)(er)帝(di)(di),第六(liu)名上(shang)明七曜(yao)摩夷天(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)。名恬會延,此是(shi)欲界。雖有(you)(you)此說,凡學(xue)道但去其(qi)(qi)(qi)欲,即(ji)名真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)。色界在二(er)(er)十四重天(tian)(tian)(tian),無極云誓天(tian)(tian)(tian)為(wei)(wei)色界,其(qi)(qi)(qi)帝(di)(di)君號名飄(piao)駑穹隆。太(tai)素秀樂禁(jin)上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)為(wei)(wei)無色界,帝(di)(di)君名龍羅覺長,此名三(san)(san)界,乃指天(tian)(tian)(tian)地而言,此為(wei)(wei)外約大(da)(da)綱之(zhi)說,若喻人(ren)(ren)身而言,三(san)(san)界即(ji)三(san)(san)丹(dan)(dan)田(tian)。下(xia)丹(dan)(dan)田(tian)為(wei)(wei)欲界,中丹(dan)(dan)田(tian)為(wei)(wei)色界,上(shang)丹(dan)(dan)田(tian)為(wei)(wei)無色界。人(ren)(ren)若保守(shou)于三(san)(san)丹(dan)(dan)田(tian),則(ze)精炁神存上(shang)中下(xia)三(san)(san)丹(dan)(dan)田(tian)之(zhi)境(jing),真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)游于三(san)(san)界,若得三(san)(san)丹(dan)(dan)田(tian),神俱足則(ze)自然升天(tian)(tian)(tian)。所(suo)以(yi)經(jing)(jing)云:形神俱妙,與道合真(zhen)。《上(shang)清經(jing)(jing)》云:大(da)(da)羅天(tian)(tian)(tian)在三(san)(san)十二(er)(er)天(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)。《靈寶經(jing)(jing)》云:三(san)(san)界之(zhi)上(shang),渺渺大(da)(da)羅,大(da)(da)羅之(zhi)境(jing),惟有(you)(you)三(san)(san)清宮闕。莫不上(shang)圣(sheng)高尊游于其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)。學(xue)道人(ren)(ren)若先修內行(xing)(xing),保固守(shou)于三(san)(san)元神,三(san)(san)元神俱備,自得升天(tian)(tian)(tian),游行(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)清之(zhi)境(jing),出入(ru)金(jin)(jin)闕之(zhi)前(qian),朝拜(bai)太(tai)上(shang)、得為(wei)(wei)真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)。故曰:升入(ru)金(jin)(jin)門。
(50)左(zuo)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人曰(yue):左(zuo),指陽。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),指一(yi)(yi)(yi)。左(zuo)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)道君之(zhi)號,得一(yi)(yi)(yi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人,是(shi)立(li)其(qi)左(zuo)右陰陽一(yi)(yi)(yi)的意(yi)思,所以(yi)稱左(zuo)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人。左(zuo)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人號法解(jie),大(da)慈大(da)仁(ren),多請問因緣(yuan),下游五濁,救拔(ba)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)、復(fu)歸三境。侍從(cong)尊慈,太上(shang)(shang)保之(zhi),稱其(qi)名號。學仙之(zhi)士(shi),但(dan)能存(cun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)守(shou)(shou)于(yu)陰陽二炁,則為真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人。何為守(shou)(shou)一(yi)(yi)(yi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)者,道之(zhi)本性,一(yi)(yi)(yi)為大(da)也(ye)(ye)。又云身也(ye)(ye),所以(yi)《西(xi)升經(jing)》云:愛(ai)(ai)人不如(ru)(ru)愛(ai)(ai)身,愛(ai)(ai)身不如(ru)(ru)愛(ai)(ai)神。愛(ai)(ai)神不如(ru)(ru)舍神,舍神不如(ru)(ru)守(shou)(shou)身,守(shou)(shou)身長(chang)(chang)久長(chang)(chang)存(cun)。學人未玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)微,但(dan)且護(hu)形,愛(ai)(ai)炁輕物,賤(jian)名思慮不惑(huo),則血氣和平(ping),如(ru)(ru)此即其(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)可存(cun)。陰陽二炁,即坎離之(zhi)用,故謂為真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人之(zhi)身,然后朝于(yu)太上(shang)(shang),皆得為道之(zhi)臣也(ye)(ye)。上(shang)(shang)則參于(yu)三境,下則游于(yu)十方,開導眾生(sheng),教化未悟,引接(jie)群生(sheng),普令得其(qi)道,此即為真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人之(zhi)所作也(ye)(ye)。
(51)學道之士,持(chi)誦(song)此經:持(chi)誦(song),依(yi)本曰讀,離本曰誦(song),學道之士,若能解心正,道念(nian)不退,依(yi)法奉修如對太上,行(xing)住坐立,常(chang)持(chi)專一,是謂(wei)誦(song)經。
(52)即得十(shi)(shi)天善神,擁護(hu)其(qi)身:十(shi)(shi)天,指八方和上下。《因(yin)緣經(jing)》云(yun):每月十(shi)(shi)直齋,各有善神直日,也為(wei)善神。且人有三(san)業六根,身形之業,故有十(shi)(shi)惡(e)。(十(shi)(shi)惡(e),指淫、殺、盜、貪、嫉妒、恚(hui)、惡(e)口(kou)、兩舌(she)、妄(wang)語、綺語。),(十(shi)(shi)善,身不(bu)(bu)妄(wang)動,心不(bu)(bu)妄(wang)動,意不(bu)(bu)妄(wang)思(si),性不(bu)(bu)妄(wang)亂(luan),耳不(bu)(bu)妄(wang)聽邪(xie)(xie)聲,口(kou)不(bu)(bu)妄(wang)言綺語,目不(bu)(bu)妄(wang)視邪(xie)(xie)色(se),鼻不(bu)(bu)妄(wang)受(shou)邪(xie)(xie)穢,舌(she)不(bu)(bu)妄(wang)食邪(xie)(xie)味,識不(bu)(bu)妄(wang)受(shou)于驚(jing)怖(bu))十(shi)(shi)善既生(sheng),十(shi)(shi)惡(e)自(zi)滅。乃(nai)得真圣相護(hu),此(ci)句(ju)言學道(dao)之士(shi)心常(chang)念道(dao),持誦真經(jing),即得善神擁護(hu)。
(53)然(ran)后(hou)玉(yu)符(fu)保(bao)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),金液煉(lian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)俱(ju)妙(miao),與道(dao)合真(zhen):玉(yu)符(fu),指玉(yu)皇之(zhi)(zhi)符(fu)。令人(ren)(ren)學道(dao),功圓行(xing)滿升入仙階,先(xian)得(de)(de)玉(yu)皇符(fu)命,然(ran)后(hou)升仙。玉(yu)符(fu)于(yu)身而(er)論,可明中元之(zhi)(zhi)事。(中元,指心。)學人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)心,若(ruo)能(neng)(neng)安(an)(an)靜,自(zi)然(ran)無染(ran)于(yu)塵垢,清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜而(er)保(bao)固(gu)(gu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。上等之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),悟(wu)煉(lian)金液之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),以(yi)固(gu)(gu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質。中士未(wei)悟(wu),身外(wai)求樂(le),合和修(xiu)煉(lian),以(yi)寧(ning)性(xing)命。若(ruo)論出入之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),亦先(xian)固(gu)(gu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體,然(ran)后(hou)養于(yu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)識,而(er)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體固(gu)(gu),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)瘦力倦。神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)者(zhe),為(wei)彼之(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu),主(zhu)(zhu)安(an)(an)則(ze)(ze)(ze)外(wai)固(gu)(gu),假如(ru)(ru)世之(zhi)(zhi)屋宅(zhai),無人(ren)(ren)則(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)全。內外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)事,也是這個(ge)道(dao)理(li)。故經(jing)云(yun):我身乃神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)車(che),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)舍,神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)。主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)安(an)(an)靜,神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)即(ji)(ji)(ji)居之(zhi)(zhi),躁動神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)即(ji)(ji)(ji)去之(zhi)(zhi)。又說(shuo)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)得(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)得(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)成。形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)合同,更相生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)更相成,這是表里相應之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。又說(shuo):神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)常愛人(ren)(ren),人(ren)(ren)不(bu)愛神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)常愛人(ren)(ren),愿(yuan)其(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),人(ren)(ren)不(bu)愛神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),為(wei)心所(suo)憂。心也是神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),其(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)名叫靈(ling)童(tong),能(neng)(neng)惡能(neng)(neng)善,能(neng)(neng)昧能(neng)(neng)明,能(neng)(neng)喜能(neng)(neng)怒,能(neng)(neng)正能(neng)(neng)邪。使意馬如(ru)(ru)風,驅(qu)心猿(yuan)如(ru)(ru)箭疾。巧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)千種,機出萬端,皆在此神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。《內觀經(jing)》云(yun):心即(ji)(ji)(ji)是神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),非(fei)(fei)(fei)青(qing)非(fei)(fei)(fei)白,非(fei)(fei)(fei)赤(chi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)黃,非(fei)(fei)(fei)大非(fei)(fei)(fei)小,非(fei)(fei)(fei)短(duan)非(fei)(fei)(fei)長,非(fei)(fei)(fei)曲(qu)非(fei)(fei)(fei)直,非(fei)(fei)(fei)柔非(fei)(fei)(fei)剛,非(fei)(fei)(fei)厚非(fei)(fei)(fei)薄(bo),非(fei)(fei)(fei)圓非(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang),變化莫測,混合陰陽;大包天(tian)地,細入毫芒;制之(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)止,放之(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)狂;清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜則(ze)(ze)(ze)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),濁躁則(ze)(ze)(ze)亡,人(ren)(ren)能(neng)(neng)清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜內修(xiu)至道(dao),制伏(fu)其(qi)(qi)心,心既安(an)(an)靜,其(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)則(ze)(ze)(ze)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)則(ze)(ze)(ze)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)固(gu)(gu),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)固(gu)(gu)成神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)藉(jie)(jie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)成,形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)藉(jie)(jie)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)相藉(jie)(jie),安(an)(an)靜修(xiu)功,形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)固(gu)(gu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)全。所(suo)以(yi)說(shuo):形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)俱(ju)妙(miao),內外(wai)相應,自(zi)然(ran)與道(dao)合真(zhen)。
(54)正(zheng)一真(zhen)人(ren)曰:正(zheng),即真(zhen)。一,為大(da),也指心(xin)(xin)。心(xin)(xin)是(shi)南方太(tai)陽(yang)之象,原(yuan)處北方。因(yin)何(he)太(tai)陽(yang)處于(yu)北方,為坎離中(zhong)(zhong)有一畫,故為一陽(yang),是(shi)謂(wei)心(xin)(xin)。一是(shi)陰中(zhong)(zhong)陽(yang)位(wei)(wei),二(er)是(shi)陽(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)陰位(wei)(wei),此是(shi)五行反復之理,陰陽(yang)變(bian)化之用,是(shi)謂(wei)正(zheng)一。正(zheng)一真(zhen)人(ren),指漢天師(shi),姓張(zhang),諱(hui)道(dao)陵,今為三(san)天大(da)法師(shi),位(wei)(wei)任(ren)正(zheng)一真(zhen)人(ren),又為三(san)清(qing)度師(shi),居(ju)(ju)圣(sheng)真(zhen)之位(wei)(wei),曾煉五行,修功為國,扶衰(shuai)救苦(ku),除害興物,利濟庶民(min),功圓行滿(man),超凡成圣(sheng)。位(wei)(wei)居(ju)(ju)高上正(zheng)一真(zhen)人(ren)。人(ren)若(ruo)能修煉其心(xin)(xin),自然(ran)關府通泰,神和氣暢,皆(jie)由(you)正(zheng)一之事。張(zhang)天師(shi)流傳下來的有正(zheng)一斬邪三(san)五飛(fei)步之道(dao)、銅符(fu)鐵(tie)券、金丹寶經(jing)、秘訣靈章、二(er)十四階品錄等(deng)。
(55)人(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)有(you)(you)此(ci)經,悟解(jie)之者,災障不(bu)干(gan),眾圣(sheng)(sheng)護門(men)(men)(men):家(jia),此(ci)指(zhi)身(shen)(shen)。經,指(zhi)心(xin)。真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)曰:家(jia)有(you)(you)此(ci)經,若能悟解(jie)玄微,清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)身(shen)(shen)心(xin),修行念道(dao)(dao),持誦(song)不(bu)退,即得(de)眾圣(sheng)(sheng)神(shen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)護衛(wei)其門(men)(men)(men),即得(de)神(shen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)護門(men)(men)(men)則災障不(bu)干(gan)于(yu)(yu)家(jia)庭,邪魔(mo)無犯(fan)于(yu)(yu)住止(zhi),皆因主人(ren)(ren)(ren)清(qing)靜(jing)(jing),故得(de)神(shen)明護門(men)(men)(men)。內比喻則家(jia)猶身(shen)(shen),心(xin)為經。人(ren)(ren)(ren)能清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)行其至(zhi)道(dao)(dao)于(yu)(yu)心(xin),則謂之有(you)(you)此(ci)經。悟,即覺(jue)。達,即解(jie)。通,作了。覺(jue)了則謂心(xin)有(you)(you)經。無經則未悟解(jie),故有(you)(you)災障,煩惱(nao)所生,若心(xin)了達,則無煩惱(nao)。煩惱(nao)既無,自(zi)然清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)。災障不(bu)生,故不(bu)干(gan)。眾圣(sheng)(sheng)護門(men)(men)(men),意(yi)思是指(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)中有(you)(you)三萬(wan)六千神(shen),左三魂右(you)七魄,身(shen)(shen)有(you)(you)一萬(wan)二(er)千形影,體有(you)(you)二(er)萬(wan)四(si)精光,五臟六腑,二(er)十四(si)神(shen),耳眼口鼻皆有(you)(you),一一各(ge)有(you)(you)宮闕所居,人(ren)(ren)(ren)若清(qing)靜(jing)(jing),眾神(shen)歸(gui)身(shen)(shen),各(ge)居宮闕,故云(yun):眾圣(sheng)(sheng)護門(men)(men)(men)。
(56)神(shen)升(sheng)上(shang)(shang)界(jie),朝(chao)拜(bai)高真(zhen):神(shen),即(ji)(ji)心,道(dao)典云(yun),聰明(ming)正(zheng)直(zhi)謂之(zhi)神(shen),陰陽不測謂之(zhi)圣(sheng)。故(gu)云(yun)心靈則道(dao)降,道(dao)降則神(shen)靈,神(shen)靈則圣(sheng)。神(shen)明(ming)既(ji)圣(sheng),即(ji)(ji)可升(sheng)。(升(sheng),登)。升(sheng)登于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)界(jie)。(上(shang)(shang)界(jie),三界(jie)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang),三清(qing)之(zhi)境(jing)(jing)(jing)大羅天)。人(ren)能(neng)保精(jing)養氣,愛(ai)神(shen)調和于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)氣,填補于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)腦(nao),烹煉(lian)神(shen)水,變化(hua)精(jing)神(shen),神(shen)氣若全,即(ji)(ji)得(de)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)三界(jie),朝(chao)禮太(tai)上(shang)(shang)高尊(zun),凡(fan)學仙之(zhi)士,所(suo)說朝(chao)元(yuan)(yuan),即(ji)(ji)有(you)二(er)種,一論天地,二(er)論人(ren)身(shen),即(ji)(ji)明(ming)三丹(dan)田,且三界(jie)朝(chao)元(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)元(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)元(yuan)(yuan)。上(shang)(shang)元(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)(shang)應玉(yu)清(qing)始炁(qi)所(suo)化(hua),號(hao)天寶君(jun),理玉(yu)清(qing)圣(sheng)境(jing)(jing)(jing)清(qing)微天,總一十(shi)(shi)二(er)部(bu)(bu)圣(sheng)行(xing)之(zhi)經(jing),為洞真(zhen)教主(zhu),下(xia)(xia)(xia)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)身(shen)中(zhong)為上(shang)(shang)丹(dan)田。腦(nao)宮(gong)也號(hao)泥丸宮(gong)、帝(di)君(jun)以(yi)主(zhu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)炁(qi)。中(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)(shang)應上(shang)(shang)清(qing)元(yuan)(yuan)炁(qi)所(suo)化(hua),號(hao)靈寶君(jun),理上(shang)(shang)清(qing)境(jing)(jing)(jing)禹余(yu)天,總一十(shi)(shi)二(er)部(bu)(bu)真(zhen)行(xing)之(zhi)經(jing),為洞玄(xuan)(xuan)教主(zhu),下(xia)(xia)(xia)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)身(shen)中(zhong)為中(zhong)丹(dan)田,心府宮(gong),帝(di)君(jun)主(zhu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)神(shen)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)元(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)(shang)應太(tai)清(qing)玄(xuan)(xuan)炁(qi)所(suo)化(hua),號(hao)神(shen)寶君(jun),理太(tai)清(qing)仙境(jing)(jing)(jing),大赤天總一十(shi)(shi)二(er)部(bu)(bu)仙行(xing)之(zhi)經(jing),為洞神(shen)教主(zhu),下(xia)(xia)(xia)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)身(shen)中(zhong)為下(xia)(xia)(xia)丹(dan)田,炁(qi)海(hai)腎宮(gong),帝(di)君(jun)主(zhu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)命,此三元(yuan)(yuan)、三宮(gong)、三寶,天地得(de)之(zhi)以(yi)成,失之(zhi)以(yi)傾,人(ren)生(sheng)得(de)之(zhi)以(yi)生(sheng),失之(zhi)以(yi)死。故(gu)《黃庭(ting)經(jing)》云(yun):一身(shen)精(jing)神(shen)慎(shen)勿失。故(gu)要(yao)保愛(ai)。又(you)云(yun):仙人(ren)道(dao)士非有(you)神(shen),積(ji)精(jing)累炁(qi)以(yi)成真(zhen)。此句言,凡(fan)學道(dao)之(zhi)人(ren),若能(neng)運用精(jing)華,存想(xiang)神(shen)炁(qi),朝(chao)拜(bai)三元(yuan)(yuan),修(xiu)功不退久而行(xing)之(zhi),自得(de)真(zhen)道(dao)。
(57)功(gong)(gong)(gong)滿(man)德(de)就(jiu),相感帝君。誦持(chi)不(bu)退,身騰紫云(yun):功(gong)(gong)(gong)滿(man)八百(bai),行(xing)(xing)(xing)滿(man)三千。(功(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)(xing)(xing),此指(zhi)修(xiu)煉(lian)的功(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。)學人(ren)若能行(xing)(xing)(xing)胎(tai)息之(zhi)道,日行(xing)(xing)(xing)八百(bai),即可以升天(tian)(tian),功(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)感應,自(zi)然升舉。古德(de)云(yun),功(gong)(gong)(gong)圓行(xing)(xing)(xing)滿(man)升為(wei)金闕之(zhi)臣,獨步(bu)玉京之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)道。學人(ren)若能專守三宮(gong),朝(chao)拜真元(yuan),百(bai)節(jie)闕府,自(zi)然通(tong)泰,萬神和暢(chang)。相感帝君,指(zhi)既(ji)存守三元(yuan),三元(yuan)各(ge)有帝君,誦持(chi)不(bu)退,則心念正道。身騰紫云(yun),指(zhi)內觀(guan)之(zhi)道,乃有正說,人(ren)有五(wu)(wu)(wu)臟屬于五(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing),人(ren)若修(xiu)煉(lian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)真炁,傳于五(wu)(wu)(wu)臟,故為(wei)實腹,五(wu)(wu)(wu)臟真炁既(ji)成,自(zi)然尸解,出有入無,變化自(zi)在,存亡恍(huang)惚,此為(wei)得道之(zhi)中也。紫云(yun),指(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)臟真炁結(jie)成,紫云(yun)乃是上(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)誥命之(zhi)炁,故凡得道之(zhi)人(ren),皆是乘云(yun)而去(qu),上(shang)(shang)(shang)升三境,朝(chao)拜太上(shang)(shang)(shang)高尊(zun),以表得道人(ren)證于尊(zun)貴(gui)之(zhi)貌(mao)。此句言至心修(xiu)道必然成道。
《清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)》,全稱(cheng)《太(tai)上(shang)老君說常(chang)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)》,一卷。作者不詳(xiang),一說葛(ge)玄。道教(jiao)(jiao)稱(cheng)老君西游(you)白龜臺之(zhi)時(shi),為(wei)西王母說常(chang)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing),西王母皆口口相傳,不記文(wen)字(zi),吾今于世書而(er)錄之(zhi)。為(wei)道士們日(ri)(ri)常(chang)誦習的重(zhong)要功課之(zhi)一。《太(tai)上(shang)老君說常(chang)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)》(簡(jian)稱(cheng)《清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)》)大(da)約(yue)產生于唐(tang)朝(chao),當(dang)時(shi)比較著名的注(zhu)本為(wei)杜(du)光庭所注(zhu)。金代,王重(zhong)陽(yang)創(chuang)立全真教(jiao)(jiao)后(hou),《清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)》就成為(wei)全真教(jiao)(jiao)的日(ri)(ri)常(chang)功課,作為(wei)非常(chang)重(zhong)要的經(jing)典被重(zhong)視(shi)。
云篆太(tai)虛,浩劫之初。乍遐乍邇(ěr) ,或沉或浮。五方徘徊,一(yi)丈之馀(yú)。天(tian)真皇人,按筆乃(nai)書。以演洞章,次書靈符。元始下降,真文誕敷。昭昭其有(you)(you),冥冥其無(wu)。沉疴(kē)能自痊,塵勞溺可扶(fu)。幽冥將有(you)(you)賴,由是升仙都。
關于此(ci)經(jing)的(de)成立時代(dai),根(gen)據考(kao)證應為(wei)唐(tang)代(dai),因(yin): (一)《清靜經(jing)》七種注本中,屬杜光(guang)庭注本為(wei)最(zui)早,杜光(guang)庭是(shi)唐(tang)末五代(dai)人,因(yin)此(ci)《清靜經(jing)》應系晚唐(tang)以前的(de)作品。
(二)「洞(dong)神(shen)部 玉訣類 是字號」的無名氏注(zhu)本,載(zai)有太極真人向唐(tang) 同昌公主傳(chuan)授(shou)五戒(jie)、十善、六齋、三會(hui)、五臘(la)、五忌之法(fa),并誡其當奉持(chi)《清靜(jing)經》之事(shi)。注(zhu)中(zhong)亦記唐(tang)時(shi)靈驗故事(shi),以宣揚此經的神(shen)應。可見(jian)此經在唐(tang)時(shi)已普遍流傳(chuan)。
由以上兩點可知此(ci)經成于唐代殆無疑義(yi)。另從此(ci)經文(wen)字(zi)用例來(lai)看(kan),如三毒、六(liu)欲等詞匯并不常見(jian)于六(liu)朝(chao)以前的古籍(ji)。故應為(wei)六(liu)朝(chao)后(hou)的作品而非葛洪所(suo)作。疑為(wei)后(hou)世道流(liu)所(suo)依托,作者不詳。
本(ben)經文詞(ci)用法(fa)糅合儒(ru)釋道(dao)三(san)家詞(ci)語,故作者應是(shi)容攝三(san)教(jiao)思(si)想(xiang)者。其經文的意義,包(bao)含道(dao)教(jiao)的道(dao),佛(fo)教(jiao)的三(san)業、三(san)界(jie)說法(fa)以及儒(ru)家的道(dao)德(de)說,但其基本(ben)思(si)想(xiang)仍為(wei)老子道(dao)的本(ben)體(ti)論(lun)與人生論(lun)。
至于此經(jing)的(de)成立(li)背景,可大體以(yi)(yi)唐(tang)(tang)時(shi)的(de)宗(zong)教(jiao)情況概觀(guan)。唐(tang)(tang)初李氏崇(chong)拜老子,故崇(chong)道(dao)抑佛(fo);至武(wu)后朝,反崇(chong)佛(fo)棄(qi)道(dao)。這(zhe)種反復的(de)情況和六朝時(shi)期非常相似(si),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)佛(fo)道(dao)并存(cun)在唐(tang)(tang)代,只(zhi)是一(yi)(yi)方顯明,另一(yi)(yi)方則灰黯,并非消失。到(dao)晚唐(tang)(tang)時(shi),因政治更加混亂,人民浮奢,遂需要一(yi)(yi)些教(jiao)化人心的(de)教(jiao)材加以(yi)(yi)規范,宗(zong)教(jiao)于此便發生了凈化作(zuo)用(yong)。亦(yi)因為佛(fo)道(dao)并存(cun),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)彼此作(zuo)品(pin)(pin)當中皆有對(dui)方的(de)思想存(cun)在,藉以(yi)(yi)吸收社會民眾的(de)認同,故劃分并不很清楚(chu)。加以(yi)(yi)這(zhe)部經(jing)典(dian)旨在講清靜、無欲、陰陽等觀(guan)念,其演變符合唐(tang)(tang)代社會狀況所(suo)需,更加深(shen)此經(jing)為唐(tang)(tang)朝作(zuo)品(pin)(pin)的(de)可信度。
《清(qing)靜經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》全文僅四(si)百多字,去(qu)掉經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)末的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題(ti)為(wei)(wei)"仙人(ren)(ren)(ren)葛翁""左(zuo)玄真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)""正(zheng)一真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評語(yu)(yu),則不(bu)(bu)到(dao)(dao)四(si)百字。但是(shi)(shi)該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)言(yan)(yan)簡意賅,以(yi)"清(qing)靜"為(wei)(wei)其主(zhu)要思想,繼承(cheng)并(bing)發展了(le)早期(qi)道(dao)(dao)家,包括老(lao)莊、列(lie)子、《易經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》等人(ren)(ren)(ren)或經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)典的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想,形(xing)(xing)(xing)成了(le)其獨具特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想體(ti)系。該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)雖然(ran)(ran)以(yi)道(dao)(dao)家思想為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),但同(tong)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)吸(xi)收(shou)并(bing)借鑒(jian)了(le)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些思想和(he)名(ming)詞(ci)(ci)(ci),尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)"空(kong)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理念,這(zhe)也(ye)成為(wei)(wei)該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)"遣欲(yu)(yu)觀(guan)空(kong)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要思想。該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)認為(wei)(wei),如果(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)能(neng)達到(dao)(dao)清(qing) 清(qing)靜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境界或者狀態(tai), 可以(yi)做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)欲(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)求, 還(huan)能(neng)應和(he)萬物, 教(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng), 使天地歸于大(da)道(dao)(dao)。朱熹說(shuo):“后(hou)(hou)來(lai)道(dao)(dao)家做(zuo)《清(qing)靜經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》, 又卻(que)(que)(que)偷(tou)佛(fo)家言(yan)(yan)語(yu)(yu), 全做(zuo)得(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)好。佛(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)所謂‘色(se)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)空(kong)’處, 他(ta)(ta)把(ba)色(se)、受、想、行、識(shi)五個對一個‘空(kong)’字說(shuo), 故(gu)曰:‘空(kong)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)色(se)。受、想、行、識(shi), 亦(yi)復(fu)如是(shi)(shi)’, 謂是(shi)(shi)空(kong)也(ye)。而《清(qing)凈經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)偷(tou)此句意思, 卻(que)(que)(que)說(shuo)‘無(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)亦(yi)無(wu)(wu)’, 只偷(tou)得(de)(de)他(ta)(ta)‘色(se)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)空(kong)’, 卻(que)(que)(que)不(bu)(bu)曾理會得(de)(de)他(ta)(ta)‘受、想、行、識(shi), 亦(yi)復(fu)如是(shi)(shi)’之意, 全無(wu)(wu)道(dao)(dao)理。”《清(qing)靜經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》更有(you)(you)(you)(you)可能(neng)是(shi)(shi)受到(dao)(dao)六朝時(shi)(shi)期(qi)前秦(qin)鳩摩羅(luo)什譯本(ben)《心(xin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。《清(qing)靜經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》采(cai)用了(le)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)六欲(yu)(yu)、三毒、空(kong)、妄(wang)心(xin)、煩(fan)惱妄(wang)想、苦海等專有(you)(you)(you)(you)名(ming)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)。“空(kong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想, 很明顯來(lai)自佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao), 而且(qie)其語(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)結構(gou)也(ye)和(he)佛(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)結構(gou)相似。其后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“既入(ru)真(zhen)道(dao)(dao), 名(ming)為(wei)(wei)得(de)(de)道(dao)(dao), 雖名(ming)得(de)(de)道(dao)(dao), 實無(wu)(wu)所得(de)(de);為(wei)(wei)化(hua)眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng), 名(ming)為(wei)(wei)得(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)”等多處語(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)結構(gou)也(ye)明顯模仿了(le)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)。 在(zai)(zai)六朝以(yi)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)典中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong), 沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)“苦海”一詞(ci)(ci)(ci), 而佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)后(hou)(hou), 許多漢譯佛(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)常出現這(zhe)個詞(ci)(ci)(ci)語(yu)(yu)。《常清(qing)靜經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》認為(wei)(wei), 眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之所以(yi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)真(zhen)正(zheng)意義上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“道(dao)(dao)”, 是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一顆妄(wang)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin),從而在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)斷輪回。道(dao)(dao)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)觀(guan)與此不(bu)(bu)同(tong), 《莊子》認為(wei)(wei)未生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之前本(ben)來(lai)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming), 不(bu)(bu)僅沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming), 連形(xing)(xing)(xing)體(ti)也(ye)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you), 而且(qie)連構(gou)成形(xing)(xing)(xing)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)素都沒有(you)(you)(you)(you), 混雜在(zai)(zai)恍惚之中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong), 混沌變(bian)化(hua)而有(you)(you)(you)(you)元(yuan)氣, 元(yuan)氣變(bian)化(hua)而有(you)(you)(you)(you)形(xing)(xing)(xing)體(ti), 形(xing)(xing)(xing)體(ti)變(bian)化(hua)而有(you)(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming), 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)變(bian)化(hua)而至死(si)亡(wang)。這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)變(bian)化(hua)如同(tong)寒來(lai)暑往的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)季一樣, 如果(guo)(guo)失聲痛(tong)哭, 那就是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)懂天地自然(ran)(ran)變(bian)化(hua)之理。