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基本介紹

名(ming)稱：太白華陽(yang)龍

拉丁學名：Huayangosaurus taibaii dong, et. al

體長：長4.3-4.5米

食性：柔軟多汁的(de)植(zhi)物

生存年代(dai)：中侏羅世

地質層位：下沙(sha)溪廟組

生存地點：中(zhong)國自貢(gong)大山(shan)鋪

辨(bian)認(ren)要(yao)訣(jue)：肩上各有一個的棘刺

種(zhong)類：劍(jian)龍類·華陽(yang)龍科

太(tai)白華陽(yang)龍(long)屬于(yu)極為原始型的(de)(de)劍龍(long)類，大約4.3米長(chang)，頭(tou)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)非(fei)常厚重而(er)狹長(chang)，像楔(xie)子狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。在(zai)(zai)頭(tou)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)上，存在(zai)(zai)有(you)二到三個眶上骨(gu)(gu)(gu)；同時在(zai)(zai)顎上有(you)一個小(xiao)(xiao)型的(de)(de)眶前(qian)開(kai)孔；在(zai)(zai)大顎上又發(fa)育良好(hao)的(de)(de)尺骨(gu)(gu)(gu)冠狀(zhuang)(zhuang)突(tu)起，以及(ji)在(zai)(zai)上隅骨(gu)(gu)(gu)一個小(xiao)(xiao)型后(hou)方(fang)孔。顎前(qian)排列有(you)六(liu)到七顆葉片狀(zhuang)(zhuang)小(xiao)(xiao)齒。最引人入勝的(de)(de)背(bei)脊骨(gu)(gu)(gu)板(ban)，從頸項到尾端對稱排列，形狀(zhuang)(zhuang)稍(shao)異。而(er)在(zai)(zai)肩部則(ze)有(you)一對特大型的(de)(de)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)板(ban)。總計大山鋪挖掘出(chu)12具華陽(yang)龍(long)的(de)(de)個體；完整的(de)(de)兩具骨(gu)(gu)(gu)架經(jing)過復元裝架，分(fen)別陳(chen)列在(zai)(zai)自貢恐龍(long)博物(wu)館以及(ji)重慶博物(wu)館中(zhong)。

太白(bai)(bai)華陽(yang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)是一(yi)種中等(deng)大小的(de)原始劍(jian)(jian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，這具標(biao)本(ben)是世界上發現(xian)(xian)的(de)時(shi)代最早的(de)完整(zheng)劍(jian)(jian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)架。它的(de)發現(xian)(xian)為(wei)劍(jian)(jian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)起源于(yu)東(dong)亞的(de)理(li)(li)論提供了實證。大山鋪的(de)太白(bai)(bai)華陽(yang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)標(biao)本(ben)有10余(yu)個(ge)(ge)，大部(bu)分(fen)被(bei)自貢(gong)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)博物館收(shou)藏，已被(bei)整(zheng)理(li)(li)和記(ji)錄的(de)約(yue)有7個(ge)(ge)。它的(de)正型(xing)標(biao)本(ben)為(wei)綜合骨(gu)架，包括一(yi)個(ge)(ge)吻部(bu)略受損的(de)頭骨(gu)和一(yi)些零散不全的(de)脊椎骨(gu)、四肢骨(gu)及骨(gu)板。太白(bai)(bai)華陽(yang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)也是侏羅紀中期地層中發現(xian)(xian)的(de)劍(jian)(jian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)中最完整(zheng)的(de)骨(gu)架。

形態及特征

小型到(dao)中等(deng)大(da)小的(de)(de)(de)劍龍類。頭(tou)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)大(da)而(er)厚重，前(qian)(qian)低后(hou)(hou)高，呈楔(xie)形(xing)。前(qian)(qian)上(shang)頜骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)與上(shang)頜骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之間(jian)存(cun)在一(yi)小的(de)(de)(de)橢(tuo)圓形(xing)凹。上(shang)顳孔(kong)(kong)之前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)眶(kuang)上(shang)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)內側突上(shang)有一(yi)小的(de)(de)(de)角。顴骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)發育，上(shang)升突短(duan)(duan)，后(hou)(hou)突伸長。眼(yan)(yan)眶(kuang)之上(shang)具兩塊(kuai)眶(kuang)上(shang)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。眼(yan)(yan)前(qian)(qian)孔(kong)(kong)大(da)，呈三(san)角形(xing)。下頜厚實(shi)，前(qian)(qian)齒骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)小，其上(shang)無(wu)牙齒。冠狀骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)發育。下頜孔(kong)(kong)外孔(kong)(kong)小，三(san)角形(xing)。前(qian)(qian)上(shang)頜齒存(cun)在，且數量多達(da)7枚。上(shang)頜齒至少28枚，下頜齒骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)齒至少27枚。所有頰齒葉片狀，齒環不發育，齒根圓錐狀。頸椎8個(ge)，背(bei)椎16個(ge)薦椎4個(ge)牢固愈(yu)合在一(yi)起，背(bei)面未封(feng)閉(bi)，可見(jian)三(san)對薦孔(kong)(kong)。尾椎至少35個(ge)。前(qian)(qian)部背(bei)肋骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)干后(hou)(hou)緣具有鉤狀突。肱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)略(lve)短(duan)(duan)于股(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。近排腕骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)呈橢(tuo)球(qiu)狀，強(qiang)烈愈(yu)合一(yi)起。后(hou)(hou)腳第Ⅱ、Ⅲ趾(zhi)具有3個(ge)趾(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。恥骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)前(qian)(qian)突短(duan)(duan)而(er)扁(bian)平，后(hou)(hou)突長而(er)呈竿(gan)狀，末(mo)端膨(peng)大(da)與坐骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)末(mo)端等(deng)齊拼合，膜(mo)質(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)板。