名稱:太(tai)白華陽龍
拉(la)丁(ding)學名:Huayangosaurus taibaii dong, et. al
體長:長4.3-4.5米(mi)
食(shi)性(xing):柔軟多汁的植物
生存年代:中侏羅世
地質層位:下沙溪廟組
生(sheng)存地點:中國自貢(gong)大山鋪
辨認(ren)要(yao)訣:肩(jian)上各有一個(ge)的棘刺
種類:劍龍(long)類·華(hua)陽龍(long)科(ke)
太白華陽龍(long)屬于極(ji)為原始型(xing)的(de)劍龍(long)類,大(da)約4.3米長,頭(tou)骨(gu)非常厚重而狹長,像楔子狀(zhuang)。在(zai)頭(tou)骨(gu)上(shang),存(cun)在(zai)有(you)二到三個(ge)(ge)眶上(shang)骨(gu);同時在(zai)顎上(shang)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)型(xing)的(de)眶前(qian)開孔(kong);在(zai)大(da)顎上(shang)又發育良好(hao)的(de)尺骨(gu)冠狀(zhuang)突起(qi),以(yi)及(ji)在(zai)上(shang)隅骨(gu)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)型(xing)后(hou)方孔(kong)。顎前(qian)排(pai)列(lie)有(you)六到七顆葉片狀(zhuang)小(xiao)齒。最(zui)引人(ren)入勝的(de)背(bei)脊骨(gu)板(ban),從頸項到尾端對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)排(pai)列(lie),形狀(zhuang)稍異。而在(zai)肩(jian)部則(ze)有(you)一(yi)對(dui)(dui)特(te)大(da)型(xing)的(de)骨(gu)板(ban)。總計(ji)大(da)山鋪挖掘出(chu)12具(ju)華陽龍(long)的(de)個(ge)(ge)體;完整的(de)兩具(ju)骨(gu)架經過復元裝(zhuang)架,分(fen)別陳列(lie)在(zai)自貢(gong)恐龍(long)博(bo)物館以(yi)及(ji)重慶博(bo)物館中。
太白(bai)(bai)華(hua)陽(yang)龍(long)(long)(long)是(shi)一種中(zhong)等大(da)小的(de)(de)(de)原始(shi)劍(jian)(jian)龍(long)(long)(long),這具標本(ben)是(shi)世界上發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)時代最早的(de)(de)(de)完(wan)(wan)整(zheng)劍(jian)(jian)龍(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)架。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)現(xian)為(wei)劍(jian)(jian)龍(long)(long)(long)起(qi)源于東亞的(de)(de)(de)理(li)論提供了實證。大(da)山鋪的(de)(de)(de)太白(bai)(bai)華(hua)陽(yang)龍(long)(long)(long)標本(ben)有(you)10余個(ge),大(da)部(bu)分被(bei)自貢恐龍(long)(long)(long)博物館收藏,已被(bei)整(zheng)理(li)和記錄的(de)(de)(de)約有(you)7個(ge)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)正型標本(ben)為(wei)綜合骨(gu)架,包括(kuo)一個(ge)吻部(bu)略(lve)受損的(de)(de)(de)頭骨(gu)和一些零散不全的(de)(de)(de)脊椎骨(gu)、四肢骨(gu)及(ji)骨(gu)板。太白(bai)(bai)華(hua)陽(yang)龍(long)(long)(long)也是(shi)侏羅紀中(zhong)期(qi)地層中(zhong)發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)劍(jian)(jian)龍(long)(long)(long)中(zhong)最完(wan)(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)架。
小(xiao)(xiao)型到中等(deng)(deng)大小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)劍龍(long)類。頭(tou)骨(gu)大而(er)(er)厚重,前(qian)低后(hou)高,呈楔(xie)形。前(qian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)頜(he)(he)骨(gu)與(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)頜(he)(he)骨(gu)之間存在(zai)(zai)一小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)橢圓形凹。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)顳孔之前(qian)的(de)(de)眶(kuang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)骨(gu)內側(ce)突(tu)(tu)(tu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)一小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)角。顴骨(gu)發(fa)育(yu),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)升突(tu)(tu)(tu)短,后(hou)突(tu)(tu)(tu)伸長。眼(yan)(yan)眶(kuang)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)具(ju)兩(liang)塊眶(kuang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)骨(gu)。眼(yan)(yan)前(qian)孔大,呈三(san)(san)角形。下頜(he)(he)厚實,前(qian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)骨(gu)小(xiao)(xiao),其上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)無(wu)牙齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。冠狀(zhuang)骨(gu)發(fa)育(yu)。下頜(he)(he)孔外孔小(xiao)(xiao),三(san)(san)角形。前(qian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)頜(he)(he)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)存在(zai)(zai),且數(shu)量多達(da)7枚(mei)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)頜(he)(he)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)至(zhi)少28枚(mei),下頜(he)(he)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)骨(gu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)至(zhi)少27枚(mei)。所有(you)頰(jia)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)葉片狀(zhuang),齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)環不發(fa)育(yu),齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)根圓錐狀(zhuang)。頸椎(zhui)8個,背(bei)(bei)椎(zhui)16個薦椎(zhui)4個牢(lao)固(gu)愈合在(zai)(zai)一起(qi),背(bei)(bei)面未封(feng)閉,可見三(san)(san)對薦孔。尾(wei)椎(zhui)至(zhi)少35個。前(qian)部背(bei)(bei)肋骨(gu)干后(hou)緣具(ju)有(you)鉤狀(zhuang)突(tu)(tu)(tu)。肱骨(gu)略短于股骨(gu)。近(jin)排腕骨(gu)呈橢球狀(zhuang),強烈愈合一起(qi)。后(hou)腳第Ⅱ、Ⅲ趾具(ju)有(you)3個趾骨(gu)。恥骨(gu)前(qian)突(tu)(tu)(tu)短而(er)(er)扁平,后(hou)突(tu)(tu)(tu)長而(er)(er)呈竿狀(zhuang),末端膨(peng)大與(yu)坐骨(gu)末端等(deng)(deng)齊拼合,膜(mo)質(zhi)骨(gu)板。