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人物簡介

祝(zhu)融(rong)，是(shi)三皇(huang)五(wu)帝時(shi)夏(xia)官(guan)火(huo)正的官(guan)名(ming)(ming)，與(yu)大司馬是(shi)同義詞。歷(li)史(shi)(shi)上有多(duo)位著名(ming)(ming)的祝(zhu)融(rong)被(bei)后世祭(ji)祀為火(huo)神灶(zao)神。祝(zhu)融(rong)氏也是(shi)氏出多(duo)元的，歷(li)史(shi)(shi)上有顓頊族祝(zhu)融(rong)氏和(he)炎(yan)帝族祝(zhu)融(rong)氏。

其中(zhong)，炎帝(di)后代、黃(huang)帝(di)夏官、赤(chi)帝(di)祝(zhu)融容(rong)光為南方(fang)灶神火(huo)(huo)神，顓(zhuan)頊(xu)之(zhi)孫重黎是(shi)高(gao)辛氏的(de)火(huo)(huo)正(zheng)祝(zhu)融為北方(fang)人的(de)灶神火(huo)(huo)神、顓(zhuan)頊(xu)之(zhi)孫吳回（楚國(guo)先祖(zu)）在(zai)帝(di)嚳誅重黎后復居火(huo)(huo)正(zheng)為祝(zhu)融。

堯(yao)帝時棄用(yong)祝融官名采用(yong)司馬一名，商(shang)朝(chao)祖先契為火正大司馬閼伯“子卨”此為商(shang)人的火神(shen)。

《晉書(shu)》有記載：“帝高(gao)陽之子重(zhong)黎為“夏(xia)(xia)官(guan)(guan)(guan)祝(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)”。這句(ju)話明確的(de)告訴我(wo)們祝(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)是夏(xia)(xia)官(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)官(guan)(guan)(guan)名(ming)。除了《晉書(shu)》以外《左傳》也有祝(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)是夏(xia)(xia)官(guan)(guan)(guan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)名(ming)的(de)記載。《左傳.昭公二十九(jiu)年》說(shuo)：“木正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)句(ju)芒，火(huo)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)祝(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)、金(jin)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)蓐收(shou)，水正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)玄冥，土正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)后(hou)土。里面(mian)提(ti)到的(de)木正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)即(ji)春官(guan)(guan)(guan)，火(huo)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)即(ji)夏(xia)(xia)官(guan)(guan)(guan)，金(jin)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)即(ji)秋官(guan)(guan)(guan)，水正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)即(ji)冬官(guan)(guan)(guan)。所以《左傳》所說(shuo)的(de)火(huo)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)祝(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)，意(yi)思就(jiu)是夏(xia)(xia)官(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)官(guan)(guan)(guan)名(ming)叫祝(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)。

《史記.楚世家》說：重黎居火正(zheng)就(jiu)被命(ming)曰祝融(rong)(rong)，吳(wu)回復居火正(zheng)就(jiu)為祝融(rong)(rong)。楚國始祖(zu)祝融(rong)(rong)本(ben)名(ming)吳(wu)回，因為火官的身(shen)份(fen)而被帝(di)嚳命(ming)名(ming)為祝融(rong)(rong)。

之所以歷(li)史上會有(you)祝融與共工(gong)大戰，是(shi)因(yin)為祝融是(shi)夏(xia)官(guan)官(guan)名，夏(xia)官(guan)即兵部。

祝(zhu)融八姓：己、董、彭、禿、妘、曹(cao)、斟、羋(mie)。

主要經歷

《山海經(jing)(jing)(jing)·海內(nei)(nei)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》一書中(zhong)(zhong)關于(yu)(yu)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)出生(sheng)作(zuo)了以下(xia)敘(xu)述：“炎帝(di)(di)之(zhi)妻，赤水之(zhi)子聽沃(wo)，生(sheng)炎居，炎居生(sheng)節(jie)并(bing)(bing)，節(jie)并(bing)(bing)生(sheng)戲(xi)器，戲(xi)器生(sheng)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)”。由此可見，祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)系(xi)炎帝(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)第五代來(lai)孫。另據《海內(nei)(nei)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》中(zhong)(zhong)又稱：黃(huang)帝(di)(di)生(sheng)昌(chang)意，昌(chang)意生(sheng)韓流，韓流生(sheng)顓頊(xu)(xu)。《大(da)(da)荒西經(jing)(jing)(jing)》則(ze)補敘(xu)為：“顓頊(xu)(xu)生(sheng)老(lao)童，老(lao)童生(sheng)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)”。祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)職(zhi)炎帝(di)(di)后代擔(dan)任過(guo)此職(zhi)務(wu)以官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)職(zhi)為族號(hao)，顓頊(xu)(xu)之(zhi)后也擔(dan)任過(guo)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)一職(zhi)也以職(zhi)務(wu)為族號(hao)造成歷史(shi)上有(you)炎帝(di)(di)族祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)氏和顓頊(xu)(xu)族祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)氏之(zhi)分。那么，祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)又是(shi)(shi)一副什么模樣呢？《山海經(jing)(jing)(jing)·海外(wai)南(nan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》中(zhong)(zhong)說：“南(nan)方祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，獸(shou)身人(ren)面，乘(cheng)兩龍。”可見他(ta)并(bing)(bing)非(fei)“完人(ren)”，郭亞(ya)注釋“火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)神(shen)也”。《左傳·昭公二(er)十九年》中(zhong)(zhong)曰：“火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)正(zheng)曰祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)”，火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)正(zheng)，就是(shi)(shi)掌管火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)員，神(shen)話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)神(shen)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，到了春秋(qiu)戰國時期(qi)已經(jing)(jing)(jing)逐步演化成了司火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)職(zhi)。《漢(han)書·五行(xing)志上》一書說：“古之(zhi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)正(zheng)，謂火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也，掌祭火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)星(xing)，行(xing)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)政。”正(zheng)因為祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)神(shen)，他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)威力也被(bei)應用到兩軍(jun)對壘的(de)(de)(de)戰爭中(zhong)(zhong)去了。《墨子·非(fei)攻下(xia)》記載如下(xia)：“（成湯伐夏），天命融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)（祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)）隆(long)（降）火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)干厘夏城之(zhi)閑(xian)，西北之(zhi)隅。”降火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)助戰，這可能(neng)是(shi)(shi)首(shou)次把(ba)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)戰使用于(yu)(yu)戰爭中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)吧。祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)有(you)一弟叫吳回，又稱回祿，也是(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)司“火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)正(zheng)”。只是(shi)(shi)名聲(sheng)沒有(you)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)大(da)(da)，人(ren)們把(ba)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)災稱為“祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)之(zhi)患”不是(shi)(shi)沒有(you)依據的(de)(de)(de)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)，就有(you)了用祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)代替火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)災一詞的(de)(de)(de)來(lai)歷。

祝(zhu)融，我國原始社會末期著(zhu)名氏(shi)族領袖之一(yi)。名重黎，黃帝后裔高陽氏(shi)的玄孫(sun)。帝嚳高辛氏(shi)時，任火(huo)正（官名），受封于(yu)有熊氏(shi)故墟（今(jin)河南新鄭一(yi)代(dai)），葬衡陽市(shi)南岳區祝(zhu)融峰。他以火(huo)施教，為(wei)民造福。帝嚳命名曰(yue)：祝(zhu)融，后世尊為(wei)火(huo)神。——河南省《新政縣(xian)志》

(1).神名。 帝(di)嚳 時(shi)的火(huo)官(guan)，后(hou)尊為(wei)火(huo)神，命(ming)曰 祝融(rong) 。亦以為(wei)火(huo)或火(huo)災的代稱。《國語·鄭語》：“夫 黎 為(wei)高辛(xin)氏(shi)火(huo)正，以淳燿(yao)敦大(da)(da)，天(tian)明地德，光(guang)照(zhao)四(si)海，故命(ming)之(zhi)曰‘祝融(rong)’，其(qi)功大(da)(da)矣(yi)。”《呂氏(shi)春秋·孟夏》：“其(qi)神 祝融(rong) 。”高誘(you)注：“ 祝融(rong) ， 顓頊氏(shi) 后(hou)， 老童 之(zhi)子， 吳回 也，為(wei)高辛(xin)氏(shi)火(huo)正，死為(wei)火(huo)官(guan)之(zhi)神。” 唐(tang)張說《蒲津橋贊(zan)》：“飛廉煽炭， 祝融(rong) 理爐。” 趙翼《八(ba)月二日天(tian)寧寺旁巽宮樓火(huo)》：“趨觀(guan)乃知(zhi)此樓毀，剎(cha)竿突兀招 祝融(rong) 。”

(2).神名。南(nan)(nan)(nan)方之神，南(nan)(nan)(nan)海之神。《管子·五行》：“得(de)奢(she)龍而辯於東方，得(de) 祝(zhu)融(rong) 而辯於南(nan)(nan)(nan)方。”《漢(han)書·揚(yang)雄傳上》：“麗鉤芒(mang)與驂蓐收兮，服(fu) 玄冥 及 祝(zhu)融(rong) 。”顏師古注：“ 祝(zhu)融(rong) ，南(nan)(nan)(nan)方神。” 唐 韓愈 《南(nan)(nan)(nan)海神廟碑》：“考於傳記，而南(nan)(nan)(nan)海神次貴(gui)，在(zai)北東西三神河伯之上，號為 祝(zhu)融(rong) 。”

(3).傳說中的(de)古帝(di)。 漢(han)王符《潛夫論·五(wu)德志(zhi)》：“世傳三皇(huang)五(wu)帝(di)，多以為(wei) 伏羲 、神農為(wei)二皇(huang)，其(qi)一(yi)者(zhe)或曰燧人，或曰祝(zhu)融，或曰女(nv)媧，其(qi)是與非未可(ke)知也。”

(4).峰名(ming)(ming)。衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)的高峰。據《路史》云， 祝(zhu)融 葬衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)之陽(yang)，是以名(ming)(ming)之。 唐(tang) 韓愈(yu) 《謁衡(heng)(heng)岳廟(miao)》詩：“紫蓋連延接天柱，石(shi)廩騰擲(zhi)堆 祝(zhu)融 。” 宋楊萬里(li)《送劉子思往衡(heng)(heng)陽(yang)》詩：“ 洞(dong)庭 昨夜起霜(shuang)風(feng)，翩(pian)然欲登(deng) 石(shi)廩 與(yu) 祝(zhu)融 。”

【道(dao)場(chang)】自燧人氏(shi)發明的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)木取火(huo)(huo)，但有了(le)火(huo)(huo)種(zhong)不會保留和(he)使(shi)用，后(hou)(hou)由祝融發明了(le)使(shi)用火(huo)(huo)和(he)留火(huo)(huo)種(zhong)的(de)(de)方(fang)法后(hou)(hou)，黃帝封了(le)他為主管火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)正火(huo)(huo)官。后(hou)(hou)因祝融對南方(fang)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)比較熟悉，又派(pai)了(le)他來(lai)到衡山(shan)(shan)附近(jin)做司徒，死后(hou)(hou)葬于衡山(shan)(shan)，故南岳衡山(shan)(shan)就是祝融的(de)(de)道(dao)場(chang)。現衡山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)高峰叫祝融峰，山(shan)(shan)頂建有祝融殿。