滆(he)(he)湖(hu),俗稱(cheng)篩子(zi)湖(hu)(當地人發音(yin)類似(si)沙子(zi),篩子(zi)湖(hu)意(yi)思是很淺的(de)湖(hu),滆(he)(he)湖(hu)內并無沙子(zi)),亦稱(cheng)西(xi)滆(he)(he)湖(hu)和(he)(he)西(xi)滆(he)(he)沙子(zi)湖(hu)和(he)(he)西(xi)太湖(hu),位于武(wu)進(jin)西(xi)南部與宜興(xing)東北部間,為武(wu)進(jin)和(he)(he)宜興(xing)共(gong)享,是蘇南地區僅次于太湖(hu)的(de)第二大湖(hu)泊,滆(he)(he)湖(hu)面積約25萬(wan)畝(mu)(約166.7k㎡),平均(jun)水深不足1.5米。關于滆(he)(he)湖(hu)的(de)形(xing)(xing)成時(shi)間及取名(ming)由來(lai),一(yi)直(zhi)是一(yi)個謎。搞清楚滆(he)(he)湖(hu)的(de)形(xing)(xing)成時(shi)間及取名(ming)由來(lai),對(dui)科學利用和(he)(he)充分發揮滆(he)(he)湖(hu)旅游資源的(de)價(jia)值具有重要意(yi)義。
滆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),俗稱沙子湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),滆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)位于太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)上游,縱(zong)跨(kua)武(wu)進(jin)區和(he)宜興(xing)兩市(區),東臨太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),西接長蕩湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),南連宜興(xing)氿湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),北(bei)經扁擔河(he)、德勝河(he)通長江(jiang)。它是蘇南地區僅次于太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的第(di)二大(da)淡水(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),江(jiang)蘇五大(da)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)之一。滆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南北(bei)長25公里,東西平(ping)均寬6.6公里,現有水(shui)面積24.9萬畝(約(yue)166.7k㎡),常年平(ping)均水(shui)深約(yue)1.3米。滆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面狀如(ru)一長茄形,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)岸圓滑整齊。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)體呈淺碟型,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底(di)平(ping)坦。沿湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)河(he)港縱(zong)橫,水(shui)網交錯,池塘星羅棋布,自然(ran)環境(jing)優美。
對于滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)是(shi)因地震(zhen)發生地陷而成(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)原因是(shi)沒有(you)人懷疑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),因為(wei)(wei)這不但有(you)史(shi)籍記載證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明,而且(qie)圍湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)建滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)農場時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發現也已證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)實(shi)。但對于滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)卻(que)說(shuo)法不一(yi),現有(you)二種說(shuo)法,一(yi)說(shuo)滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)晉朝(chao),如《嘉澤鄉志(zhi)》有(you)云:“晉朝(chao)年間(jian)(jian),(滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu))是(shi)一(yi)古城,后經(jing)地震(zhen)陷落而成(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)。”二說(shuo)滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)唐代(dai),如《南夏(xia)墅(shu)鄉志(zhi)》錄《孫(sun)氏宗譜》有(you)云:“(滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu))相傳為(wei)(wei)唐天(tian)寶年間(jian)(jian)所陷。”筆者認為(wei)(wei),滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)于晉、唐時(shi)代(dai)二說(shuo)缺少(shao)史(shi)籍資(zi)料和(he)考(kao)古資(zi)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支持,均不可信。依據現有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)籍相關資(zi)料和(he)考(kao)古資(zi)料,滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)應在東漢中晚期,這可通過下面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)得到證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)實(shi)。
記(ji)(ji)載吳(wu)越史志的(de)(de)《越絕書》,在(zai)記(ji)(ji)載昔吳(wu)越之地漢(han)時的(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊時,只記(ji)(ji)載有(you)太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、射貴湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、無錫湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、尸湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、小湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、耆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、乘湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、猶湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、語(yu)昭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、作(zuo)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、昆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)王湖(hu)(hu)(hu)和丹(dan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu),并沒(mei)有(you)記(ji)(ji)載有(you)滆湖(hu)(hu)(hu),這就說明在(zai)《越絕書》成(cheng)(cheng)書時滆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)還(huan)未(wei)形成(cheng)(cheng),如果此時滆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)已存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)話,該書必會將其收(shou)錄在(zai)內。
書中(zhong)還未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)“滆(he)”字(zi)(zi)(zi),這說(shuo)明“滆(he)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)后起字(zi)(zi)(zi)。許慎《說(shuo)文解字(zi)(zi)(zi)》成(cheng)(cheng)書于公(gong)(gong)元100年,是(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi),據(ju)此(ci)也可(ke)(ke)證在東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)還沒有(you)(you)(you)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)。今滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)還未(wei)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng),從(cong)考古(gu)資(zi)料(liao)方面也可(ke)(ke)得(de)(de)到證實。1993年6月(yue),在滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)農場處發現(xian)了(le)一(yi)座漢(han)(han)(han)(han)代(dai)古(gu)墓(mu)葬(zang),墓(mu)葬(zang)內出土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)批五(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)錢(qian)幣(bi)“五(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)”二字(zi)(zi)(zi)規整,“五(wu)(wu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)舒展(zhan),“銖(zhu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)朱旁上折(zhe)方中(zhong)見圓,具有(you)(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)五(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)錢(qian)的(de)(de)(de)典型特征,據(ju)此(ci)可(ke)(ke)斷定該(gai)墓(mu)葬(zang)主(zhu)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)下葬(zang)確切時(shi)(shi)代(dai)應在東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)。滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)農場原(yuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部分,1971年因(yin)圍湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)造田才變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)旱(han)地,在該(gai)處發現(xian)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)葬(zang),說(shuo)明滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)還未(wei)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)。否則,滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)內就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)出現(xian)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)葬(zang)。綜合以(yi)上考證可(ke)(ke)得(de)(de)出 ,滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)既(ji)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)晉代(dai),也不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)唐代(dai),而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)之后。從(cong)現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)史(shi)籍資(zi)料(liao)來(lai)看(kan),最(zui)早(zao)言及到滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)士是(shi)(shi)(shi)三國時(shi)(shi)東(dong)(dong)吳經學家、會(hui)稽(今浙江)人(ren)虞(yu)翻(fan),如元至正《金(jin)陵(ling)新(xin)志》載:“虞(yu)翻(fan)曰:‘太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),故謂(wei)之五(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),洮(tao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),射湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),貴湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)及太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),并太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)之小支(zhi),具連太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),故太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)兼得(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)之名(ming)。’”虞(yu)翻(fan)既(ji)已(yi)(yi)言到滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),說(shuo)明虞(yu)翻(fan)時(shi)(shi)滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)已(yi)(yi)肯定存在。虞(yu)翻(fan)生(sheng)于公(gong)(gong)元164年,卒于公(gong)(gong)元233年,這也就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo),滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)晚(wan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)應在公(gong)(gong)元233年之前(qian)。依據(ju)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)還未(wei)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng),公(gong)(gong)元233年虞(yu)翻(fan)卒之前(qian)滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)已(yi)(yi)存在,三國初年為(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)元220年,可(ke)(ke)斷定滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)應在東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)。