芒果视频下载

基本結構

電(dian)話(hua)機是(shi)通過(guo)電(dian)信號雙向傳輸話(hua)音的終端設備。

歷史上對電話機(ji)的(de)改進和(he)發明(ming)包括：碳(tan)粉話筒、電話人工交(jiao)換(huan)板、撥號盤、自動(dong)電話交(jiao)換(huan)機(ji)、程控電話交(jiao)換(huan)機(ji)、雙音多頻(pin)撥號、語音數字(zi)采樣等。新技術包括：ISDN、DSL、模擬移動(dong)電話和(he)數字(zi)移動(dong)電話機(ji)等。

基本按鍵

電話電源線、電話線、收(shou)線開(kai)關、受話器(qi)、增音(yin)按(an)鈕、送話器(qi)、本機(ji)號(hao)碼(ma)片、鈴聲及免提喇叭(ba)、記(ji)憶(yi)代(dai)碼(ma)鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)、記(ji)憶(yi)號(hao)碼(ma)片、數字(zi)按(an)鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)、記(ji)憶(yi)取出鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)、記(ji)憶(yi)儲存鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)、重撥鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)、工作指(zhi)示燈、免提鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)、R鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)、免提送話器(qi)、鈴聲調(diao)節開(kai)關、P/T開(kai)關、免提接(jie)收(shou)音(yin)量調(diao)節旋鈕。

工作原理

電(dian)話通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)是通(tong)(tong)(tong)過聲能與電(dian)能相互轉換、并(bing)利用“電(dian)”這個媒介來傳輸(shu)語(yu)言(yan)的一種通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)技術(shu)。兩個用戶要進行通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)，最(zui)簡單的形式就(jiu)是將兩部電(dian)話機用一對線路連接起來。

當發話者拿起電(dian)話機對著送話器講話時，聲帶的振動激勵空氣振動，形成(cheng)聲波(bo)。

聲波作用于送話器上，使之(zhi)產生電流，稱(cheng)為(wei)話音電流。

話(hua)(hua)音電流沿著線路(lu)傳送到對方電話(hua)(hua)機(ji)的受(shou)話(hua)(hua)器內(nei)。

而受話器作(zuo)用與送話器剛好相反——把電流轉化為聲波，通過空氣傳至(zhi)人(ren)的耳朵中。

這樣，就完(wan)成了最(zui)簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)通話(hua)過(guo)程(cheng)。

發展歷史

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)是美國人(ren)A.G.貝爾(er)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1876年發(fa)(fa)(fa)明的(de)(de)(de)。他用(yong)兩(liang)根導線連接(jie)兩(liang)個(ge)結構完(wan)全(quan)相同、在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁鐵上裝有振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)膜片的(de)(de)(de)送話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器和(he)受(shou)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器，首(shou)先(xian)實現(xian)(xian)兩(liang)端通話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。但通話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)距離(li)短、效(xiao)率(lv)低(di)。1878年出(chu)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)炭精(jing)送話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)送話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器效(xiao)率(lv)大(da)大(da)提高(gao)。受(shou)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器結構也(ye)有改進。最早的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)是磁石電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)，靠(kao)自備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)手搖發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)送呼(hu)叫(jiao)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)。1880年出(chu)現(xian)(xian)共(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)，改由(you)共(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)交(jiao)換(huan)機(ji)(ji)集(ji)中(zhong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，省去手播發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)和(he)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。1891年出(chu)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)旋轉(zhuan)撥號(hao)盤式(shi)自動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)，它可(ke)以發(fa)(fa)(fa)出(chu)直流撥號(hao)脈(mo)沖，控制自動(dong)(dong)交(jiao)換(huan)機(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)作，選擇被叫(jiao)用(yong)戶，自動(dong)(dong)完(wan)成(cheng)交(jiao)換(huan)功能(neng)(neng)。從而把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)通信(xin)(xin)推向(xiang)一個(ge)新(xin)階段(duan)。到(dao)20世紀(ji)(ji)60年代(dai)末期出(chu)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)按鍵式(shi)全(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)。除(chu)脈(mo)沖發(fa)(fa)(fa)號(hao)方式(shi)外，又出(chu)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)雙(shuang)音多頻(pin)(pin)（DTMF）發(fa)(fa)(fa)號(hao)方式(shi)。隨著程控交(jiao)換(huan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，雙(shuang)音頻(pin)(pin)按鍵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)已逐步普及。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路正在(zai)向(xiang)集(ji)成(cheng)化(hua)邁進，話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)專用(yong)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路已廣(guang)泛用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路各(ge)組成(cheng)部分。各(ge)種多功能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)和(he)特種用(yong)途電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)也(ye)應運而生。到(dao)20世紀(ji)(ji)90年代(dai)初，已有了(le)(le)將撥號(hao)、通話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、振(zhen)鈴三(san)種功能(neng)(neng)集(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)一塊集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)。隨著話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)音識別技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，直接(jie)用(yong)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)音“撥號(hao)”的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)也(ye)正在(zai)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)

最初的電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)（終端(duan)）是由微(wei)型(xing)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池構(gou)成的磁石式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)，打電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時，使用(yong)者用(yong)手(shou)搖微(wei)型(xing)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號呼叫(jiao)對方(fang)，對方(fang)啟機(ji)(ji)后(hou)構(gou)成通話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)回路(lu)。后(hou)來，1877年愛迪生（T.E.Edison）發(fa)(fa)明了(le)碳(tan)素送話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器和誘導線路(lu)后(hou)通話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)距(ju)離延長了(le)。同一(yi)年又(you)發(fa)(fa)明了(le)共電(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)。1891年終于(yu)發(fa)(fa)展到A.B.Strowger發(fa)(fa)明了(le)自動式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)。

基本功能

電話(hua)機(ji)設置在電話(hua)通信(xin)起點和終點的(de)(de)用戶(hu)側，是電話(hua)網(wang)的(de)(de)用戶(hu)終端設備(bei)。現(xian)代的(de)(de)電話(hua)機(ji)能(neng)夠(gou)方便地(di)實現(xian)終端用戶(hu)之間的(de)(de)呼(hu)叫和通話(hua)，是經過一百多(duo)年來許多(duo)人的(de)(de)研究和無數次的(de)(de)改進而形成的(de)(de)。盡管它們的(de)(de)式樣千(qian)差萬別，但(dan)一般(ban)都有如下基本功能(neng)：

1、聲電互換

因(yin)為要進行快速的、遠距離的通信，不能直接傳送聲音，而必須先把聲音變(bian)成電信號（即(ji)以(yi)電作為載體），到(dao)對方后再把電信號還原(yuan)成為聲音。

2、摘機識別

當主叫(jiao)方拿起(qi)電話機(ji)時，交換機(ji)應有能知道“有人要(yao)打電話”的功(gong)能，以(yi)便交換機(ji)做好接續準備。

3、發送信號

自動電(dian)話機(ji)(ji)(ji)正(zheng)是通過發送撥號信(xin)號來指揮電(dian)話交換機(ji)(ji)(ji)的工作，并進(jin)而(er)建立兩個電(dian)話機(ji)(ji)(ji)之間的連接(jie)的。

4、響鈴

即在對方來電話時，電話機能(neng)以鈴聲(sheng)告(gao)訴主人：“有人來電話了。”

5、電接續

電話(hua)機中，實現這五大功(gong)能(neng)的部件依次(ci)是(shi)：送(song)受話(hua)器、叉簧、撥號盤（或(huo)按鍵盤）、電話(hua)鈴(ling)和電話(hua)回路。

主要分類

有線電話

電(dian)話(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)具有(you)將(jiang)(jiang)終(zhong)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)(yin)波轉(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)電(dian)子信號，通過電(dian)話(hua)(hua)線傳送(song)到(dao)遠距離的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，同時將(jiang)(jiang)對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)傳送(song)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)子信號再生(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)（音(yin)(yin)(yin)波），使其(qi)通話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)，以及發送(song)可從多個對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)中選擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)信號（撥號脈沖），告(gao)知對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)呼叫音(yin)(yin)(yin)等(deng)功能(neng)。電(dian)話(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)由將(jiang)(jiang)語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)電(dian)流發送(song)到(dao)電(dian)話(hua)(hua)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)送(song)話(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、將(jiang)(jiang)對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)傳送(song)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流還原為(wei)語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)話(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、呼叫對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)撥號或按鈕、發送(song)呼叫音(yin)(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鈴聲、將(jiang)(jiang)這些連接(jie)在電(dian)話(hua)(hua)線上執(zhi)行其(qi)功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)線路網等(deng)組成(cheng)。送(song)話(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)內有(you)裝滿碳素(su)顆粒(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)箱(xiang)子，其(qi)前方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)有(you)薄硬鋁(lv)合金振動板(ban)。振動板(ban)根據語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)振動，振動碳素(su)顆粒(li)，碳素(su)顆粒(li)傳導電(dian)流，隨著顆粒(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸程度，電(dian)阻發生(sheng)(sheng)變化(hua)，生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)電(dian)流。受(shou)話(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)受(shou)對(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)電(dian)流后，在線圈上生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)電(dian)流引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)力，振動鐵振動板(ban)，發出聲音(yin)(yin)(yin)。

無線電話

無(wu)線環路-無(wu)繩電話(hua)

電話子母機

數字無繩電話

模擬無繩電話

移動電話手機

小靈通（無線電(dian)話）

智能電話

隨著IT技(ji)術的(de)不斷的(de)飛速發展，嵌入式終端設備的(de)處理能力越來(lai)越強，21世(shi)紀初出現了(le)一種帶個人數據助理（PDA）的(de)電(dian)話機“智(zhi)能電(dian)話”。

智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)除(chu)了(le)(le)(le)有完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)固定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)外，通(tong)常還(huan)具有大容量的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)片(pian)管理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、來(lai)去電(dian)(dian)(dian)管理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、防(fang)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)騷擾（電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)防(fang)火墻）功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、企業集(ji)團電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)名(ming)片(pian)（內部(bu)名(ming)片(pian)）管理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)，以(yi)及(ji)輔助辦公的(de)(de)(de)許多功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)，比如：日(ri)程安排、便箋(jian)、日(ri)歷、計算器等功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)。早期的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)通(tong)過撥號上網(wang)，具有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)交換(huan)能(neng)力，實現了(le)(le)(le)發送(song)短信、接(jie)收文字(zi)信息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)。隨(sui)著固網(wang)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)在中國(guo)近(jin)十年的(de)(de)(de)發展，其(qi)處理(li)能(neng)力加(jia)強，逐漸(jian)地增加(jia)了(le)(le)(le)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)手機（Smartphone）具有的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)。

智能(neng)電話已有通過因特網(wang)上網(wang)的(de)(de)能(neng)力及較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)多(duo)媒的(de)(de)體功(gong)能(neng)。可以進行網(wang)絡瀏覽、音視頻(pin)的(de)(de)播放、具(ju)有電子書、電子相(xiang)框等功(gong)能(neng)。同時(shi)智能(neng)電話在(zai)輔助辦公、輔助營銷、娛樂等方面的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)也有了大(da)大(da)的(de)(de)加強(qiang)。在(zai)對傳統(tong)固定電話顛覆的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，實(shi)現了更多(duo)的(de)(de)商(shang)務功(gong)能(neng)和PDA功(gong)能(neng)。

使用環境

使用條件

環境溫度(du)：-10℃~40℃

相對濕度：45%~95%

大氣壓力：860~1060mbar

環(huan)境噪(zao)聲(sheng)：≤60dB(A)

技術性能

1、工作頻率(lv)：300~3400HZ

2、脈(mo)沖通斷比：1.6±0.2∶1

3、雙音(yin)頻(pin)撥(bo)號頻(pin)偏：≤±1.5%

4、雙音頻(pin)信號電平(ping)：①低頻(pin)群：-9±3dB；②高頻(pin)群：-7±3dB；③頻(pin)率(lv)組合中高頻(pin)分量比(bi)低頻(pin)分量高2±1dB

5、振鈴(ling)聲級：≥70dB(A)

6、電聲性能：

①在0公(gong)里(li)時，客(ke)(ke)觀發送參(can)考(kao)當(dang)量(liang)(liang)≥+3；在3公(gong)里(li)時，客(ke)(ke)觀發送參(can)考(kao)當(dang)量(liang)(liang)≤+15；在5公(gong)里(li)時，客(ke)(ke)觀發送參(can)考(kao)當(dang)量(liang)(liang)≤+15。

②在0公里時，客觀(guan)接(jie)收參考當(dang)量(liang)≥－5；在3公里時，客觀(guan)接(jie)收參考當(dang)量(liang)≤+2；在5公里時，客觀(guan)接(jie)收摻(chan)考當(dang)量(liang)≤+2。

③在(zai)0公里(li)時(shi)，客觀(guan)(guan)側音參(can)考當量≥+3；在(zai)3公里(li)時(shi)，客觀(guan)(guan)側音參(can)考當量≥+10；在(zai)5公里(li)時(shi)，客觀(guan)(guan)側音參(can)考當量≥+10。

未來發展

高科(ke)技電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)都是(shi)隨著無(wu)線通(tong)(tong)信的(de)發(fa)(fa)達而形成的(de)。電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨勢(shi)經(jing)過Digital電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)和PCS后發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)衛星(xing)通(tong)(tong)信的(de)IMT-200服(fu)務。IMT-200支(zhi)持信息的(de)高速傳送，Packet，畫像等多媒體的(de)服(fu)務，將來世界各(ge)個地方都可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使用(yong)所有聲音(yin)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)，電(dian)(dian)報用(yong)戶直通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)路，傳呼和電(dian)(dian)子郵件；隨著電(dian)(dian)子郵件的(de)普(pu)及(ji)，網絡也日益化，網絡電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)已是(shi)不可(ke)(ke)阻擋(dang)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨勢(shi)。現有的(de)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)，已經(jing)不能(neng)提(ti)供人們(men)的(de)需要了(le)。未(wei)來的(de)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)講裝備攝像頭，帶有色彩的(de)液晶顯示器，我們(men)在接固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)時候，都能(neng)夠看到雙方。