望虞河(he)是太湖主要泄(xie)河(he)道(dao)之一,全長(chang)60.8km,沿(yan)線(xian)地(di)(di)形平坦。其(qi)西部(bu)(bu)為澄(cheng)錫虞高(gao)地(di)(di),地(di)(di)面高(gao)程多數在4.5~5.5米之間,局部(bu)(bu)沿(yan)河(he)的(de)湖蕩地(di)(di)區地(di)(di)面高(gao)程為3.5~4.5米,為圩區;東(dong)部(bu)(bu)為陽澄(cheng)區,地(di)(di)面高(gao)程在3.5米左右,大部(bu)(bu)分為圩區。
望虞河(he)開鑿于(yu)公元(yuan)前(qian)475年,由越(yue)大夫(fu)范蠡所(suo)建,南起太湖沙墩口,北至長(chang)江(jiang)邊的耿徑口。千年時間(jian)流轉,望虞河(he)漸被堵塞(sai),直至中華人民共(gong)和國(guo)建國(guo)后才(cai)獲重新(xin)疏浚。
望虞河(he)沿(yan)途穿越漕湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、鵝(e)(e)真蕩、嘉(jia)陵蕩三(san)個(ge)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蕩),均為環(huan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)筑堤、穿湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)過水(湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蕩抽槽段底寬(kuan)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、底高程-0.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))。漕湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)位于(yu)蘇州相(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)漕湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)街道與(yu)北(bei)(bei)橋街道,西(xi)(xi)岸(an)(an)為無(wu)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)新吳區(qu)鴻山(shan)街道,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊近似橢圓(yuan)形(xing),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)5.9千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)均寬(kuan)1.5千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)寬(kuan)處2.1千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)約(yue)(yue)9.07平(ping)(ping)方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),均屬相(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu);湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)盆(pen)較(jiao)平(ping)(ping)坦,西(xi)(xi)部(bu)稍(shao)深(shen)(shen),東(dong)部(bu)較(jiao)淺,水深(shen)(shen)一般2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右,最(zui)深(shen)(shen)3.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),容(rong)積(ji)0.2億立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),全湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)進出水道計22條。鵝(e)(e)真蕩東(dong)岸(an)(an)位于(yu)相(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)北(bei)(bei)橋街道,西(xi)(xi)岸(an)(an)位于(yu)無(wu)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)區(qu)鵝(e)(e)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、甘露兩鎮,南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)4.1千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)平(ping)(ping)均寬(kuan)1.3千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)寬(kuan)處2.9千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)約(yue)(yue)5.19平(ping)(ping)方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)中(zhong)相(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)2.24平(ping)(ping)方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);蕩岸(an)(an)曲(qu)折多(duo)彎,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)床不甚平(ping)(ping)坦,深(shen)(shen)淺懸殊較(jiao)大,一般水深(shen)(shen)2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),沿(yan)岸(an)(an)水深(shen)(shen)不足2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),容(rong)積(ji)約(yue)(yue)0.15億立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);沿(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水道共計14條。嘉(jia)菱蕩位于(yu)常熟(shu)市(shi)辛(xin)莊鎮張橋集鎮南(nan),與(yu)無(wu)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)區(qu)交界處,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊呈(cheng)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)1.3千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)平(ping)(ping)均寬(kuan)0.85千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)約(yue)(yue)1.16平(ping)(ping)方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)岸(an)(an)線長(chang)約(yue)(yue)4.7千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)中(zhong)常熟(shu)境內分別約(yue)(yue)0.68平(ping)(ping)方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)和2.5千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底大部(bu)高程約(yue)(yue)0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),正(zheng)常水位(3.60米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))時(shi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蕩容(rong)積(ji)約(yue)(yue)420萬立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);沿(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)河(he)口(kou)除(chu)望虞河(he)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)穿湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)外,尚有其(qi)他通湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)河(he)口(kou)7個(ge)。
望(wang)(wang)(wang)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)兩(liang)岸(an)(an)地(di)(di)(di)形平坦(tan),其西(xi)部為(wei)(wei)澄(cheng)錫虞(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)地(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)高(gao)程多在4.5~5.5米之間,局部沿河(he)(he)(he)(he)沿湖(hu)蕩低洼地(di)(di)(di)區為(wei)(wei)3.5~4.5米,為(wei)(wei)圩區;東(dong)(dong)(dong)部為(wei)(wei)陽(yang)澄(cheng)區,地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)高(gao)程在3.5米左右,大部分為(wei)(wei)圩區。望(wang)(wang)(wang)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)沿線(xian)(xian)河(he)(he)(he)(he)網水系(xi)發(fa)(fa)育,多數走向為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)走向,兩(liang)岸(an)(an)支(zhi)(zhi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)口(kou)門(men)眾(zhong)多,共(gong)有(you)(you)(you)115處(chu),其中已(yi)建(jian)(jian)配套建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物92座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),包括蘇州(zhou)市境內(nei)60座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),無錫市境內(nei)30座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),兩(liang)市交界處(chu)2座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(蠡河(he)(he)(he)(he)、月(yue)城河(he)(he)(he)(he)控(kong)制)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)岸(an)(an)地(di)(di)(di)區主要支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)道(dao)有(you)(you)(you)鹽鐵(tie)塘、福山塘、張(zhang)家港(gang)等,現有(you)(you)(you)口(kou)門(men)37個(ge),為(wei)(wei)防止(zhi)望(wang)(wang)(wang)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)洪水入侵(qin)陽(yang)澄(cheng)區,支(zhi)(zhi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)口(kou)均(jun)建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)控(kong)制建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物,口(kou)門(men)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物共(gong)計(ji)50座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。西(xi)岸(an)(an)地(di)(di)(di)區較大的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)道(dao)主要有(you)(you)(you)伯瀆港(gang)、九(jiu)里河(he)(he)(he)(he)、錫北運河(he)(he)(he)(he)和張(zhang)家港(gang)等,共(gong)有(you)(you)(you)支(zhi)(zhi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)口(kou)門(men)78個(ge),其中41個(ge)口(kou)門(men)已(yi)建(jian)(jian)閘控(kong)制,口(kou)門(men)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物共(gong)計(ji)42座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),其余37個(ge)口(kou)門(men)仍敞(chang)開。2016年5月(yue),《望(wang)(wang)(wang)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)除險加(jia)固工(gong)程初步設(she)(she)計(ji)》經(jing)省(sheng)發(fa)(fa)改委批復(fu),擬對沿線(xian)(xian)56座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)口(kou)門(men)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物進行除險加(jia)固;《望(wang)(wang)(wang)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)西(xi)岸(an)(an)控(kong)制工(gong)程初步設(she)(she)計(ji)》于2016年11月(yue)經(jing)省(sheng)發(fa)(fa)改委批復(fu),主要建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)內(nei)容包括新建(jian)(jian)4座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)樞紐(niu)、3座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)泵閘、3座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)套閘、20座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)節制閘(其中拆(chai)除重建(jian)(jian)2座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo))、5座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)涵閘等共(gong)計(ji)35座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)支(zhi)(zhi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)口(kou)門(men)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物及水系(xi)調整等。