望虞河(he)是太湖主要泄河(he)道之一,全長60.8km,沿線(xian)地(di)(di)形平坦(tan)。其西部(bu)為澄(cheng)錫(xi)虞高地(di)(di),地(di)(di)面(mian)高程多數在(zai)(zai)4.5~5.5米(mi)之間,局(ju)部(bu)沿河(he)的(de)湖蕩地(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)面(mian)高程為3.5~4.5米(mi),為圩(wei)區(qu);東部(bu)為陽(yang)澄(cheng)區(qu),地(di)(di)面(mian)高程在(zai)(zai)3.5米(mi)左右,大部(bu)分為圩(wei)區(qu)。
望虞河(he)開(kai)鑿(zao)于公元(yuan)前475年,由越(yue)大夫(fu)范蠡所建,南起太(tai)湖沙墩口,北至(zhi)長江邊的耿徑口。千年時間流(liu)轉,望虞河(he)漸被堵塞(sai),直(zhi)至(zhi)中(zhong)華(hua)人民共和(he)國建國后(hou)才獲重(zhong)新疏浚。
望(wang)虞河沿(yan)途穿越(yue)漕(cao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、鵝真蕩、嘉陵蕩三(san)個(ge)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蕩),均(jun)(jun)為環湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)筑(zhu)堤(di)、穿湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)過水(shui)(湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蕩抽(chou)槽段底(di)寬30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、底(di)高(gao)程(cheng)-0.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))。漕(cao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)位于(yu)(yu)蘇州(zhou)相(xiang)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)漕(cao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)街道(dao)與北橋(qiao)(qiao)街道(dao),西(xi)岸(an)(an)為無錫(xi)(xi)新(xin)吳(wu)區(qu)(qu)鴻山(shan)街道(dao),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)近似橢圓形,東(dong)西(xi)長5.9千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南北平(ping)均(jun)(jun)寬1.5千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)(zui)寬處(chu)2.1千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面積(ji)(ji)約(yue)(yue)9.07平(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),均(jun)(jun)屬(shu)相(xiang)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu);湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)盆較平(ping)坦,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)稍深(shen),東(dong)部(bu)(bu)較淺,水(shui)深(shen)一般2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右,最(zui)(zui)深(shen)3.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),容(rong)積(ji)(ji)0.2億立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),全湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)進出(chu)水(shui)道(dao)計(ji)22條(tiao)。鵝真蕩東(dong)岸(an)(an)位于(yu)(yu)相(xiang)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)北橋(qiao)(qiao)街道(dao),西(xi)岸(an)(an)位于(yu)(yu)無錫(xi)(xi)錫(xi)(xi)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)鵝湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、甘(gan)露兩鎮,南北長4.1千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)寬1.3千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)(zui)寬處(chu)2.9千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面積(ji)(ji)約(yue)(yue)5.19平(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其中相(xiang)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)2.24平(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);蕩岸(an)(an)曲折多彎(wan),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)床不甚平(ping)坦,深(shen)淺懸殊較大,一般水(shui)深(shen)2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),沿(yan)岸(an)(an)水(shui)深(shen)不足2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),容(rong)積(ji)(ji)約(yue)(yue)0.15億立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);沿(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)道(dao)共計(ji)14條(tiao)。嘉菱蕩位于(yu)(yu)常熟市辛莊鎮張橋(qiao)(qiao)集鎮南,與無錫(xi)(xi)錫(xi)(xi)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)交界(jie)處(chu),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)呈長方(fang)(fang)形,南北長1.3千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)寬0.85千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面積(ji)(ji)約(yue)(yue)1.16平(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)岸(an)(an)線長約(yue)(yue)4.7千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其中常熟境內分別(bie)約(yue)(yue)0.68平(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)和2.5千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底(di)大部(bu)(bu)高(gao)程(cheng)約(yue)(yue)0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),正常水(shui)位(3.60米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))時湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蕩容(rong)積(ji)(ji)約(yue)(yue)420萬立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);沿(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)河口除望(wang)虞河南北向(xiang)穿湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)外,尚有(you)其他(ta)通湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)河口7個(ge)。
望(wang)(wang)虞(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)兩岸(an)(an)地形平坦,其(qi)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)澄錫(xi)虞(yu)(yu)高(gao)地,地面(mian)高(gao)程(cheng)多(duo)在4.5~5.5米之間(jian),局部(bu)(bu)沿(yan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)沿(yan)湖蕩低洼地區(qu)(qu)為(wei)3.5~4.5米,為(wei)圩區(qu)(qu);東部(bu)(bu)為(wei)陽(yang)澄區(qu)(qu),地面(mian)高(gao)程(cheng)在3.5米左右,大部(bu)(bu)分為(wei)圩區(qu)(qu)。望(wang)(wang)虞(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)沿(yan)線河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)網水系發育,多(duo)數走向(xiang)為(wei)東西(xi)(xi)走向(xiang),兩岸(an)(an)支河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)門(men)(men)眾多(duo),共(gong)有(you)115處,其(qi)中(zhong)已建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)配套建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)92座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),包括蘇州市境內60座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),無錫(xi)市境內30座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),兩市交界(jie)處2座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(蠡河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、月城河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi))。東岸(an)(an)地區(qu)(qu)主要支流河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)道有(you)鹽鐵(tie)塘(tang)、福(fu)山塘(tang)、張家港(gang)等(deng),現有(you)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)門(men)(men)37個,為(wei)防止望(wang)(wang)虞(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)洪(hong)水入侵陽(yang)澄區(qu)(qu),支河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)均建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物(wu),口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)門(men)(men)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)共(gong)計50座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。西(xi)(xi)岸(an)(an)地區(qu)(qu)較大的(de)支流河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)道主要有(you)伯瀆港(gang)、九里河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、錫(xi)北(bei)運河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)和張家港(gang)等(deng),共(gong)有(you)支河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)門(men)(men)78個,其(qi)中(zhong)41個口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)門(men)(men)已建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)閘控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)門(men)(men)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)共(gong)計42座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),其(qi)余(yu)37個口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)門(men)(men)仍敞(chang)開。2016年(nian)5月,《望(wang)(wang)虞(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)除(chu)險(xian)加固工(gong)程(cheng)初步設計》經(jing)省發改(gai)委批復(fu),擬對沿(yan)線56座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)門(men)(men)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)進行除(chu)險(xian)加固;《望(wang)(wang)虞(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)岸(an)(an)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)程(cheng)初步設計》于2016年(nian)11月經(jing)省發改(gai)委批復(fu),主要建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設內容包括新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)4座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)樞紐(niu)、3座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)泵閘、3座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)套閘、20座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)節制(zhi)閘(其(qi)中(zhong)拆除(chu)重建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)2座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo))、5座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)涵閘等(deng)共(gong)計35座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)支河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)門(men)(men)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)及水系調(diao)整等(deng)。