慶父(?—公(gong)元前660年),姬(ji)(ji)姓(xing),名慶父,字(zi)仲孫(sun),春秋時期魯(lu)國(guo)上卿,魯(lu)桓(huan)公(gong)姬(ji)(ji)允之子,魯(lu)莊公(gong)異母弟。
作(zuo)為魯(lu)(lu)國(guo)三桓之(zhi)(zhi)一的孟孫(sun)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)祖,魯(lu)(lu)莊公(gong)去世后(hou),慶(qing)父先(xian)后(hou)派人(ren)殺害國(guo)君公(gong)子般和魯(lu)(lu)閔(min)公(gong),制造政治內亂。后(hou)來,逃亡莒(ju)國(guo)。莒(ju)國(guo)國(guo)君接受賄賂,遣送(song)慶(qing)父回國(guo),途中(zhong)自縊而死(si),謚(shi)號“共(gong)仲(zhong)”。后(hou)人(ren)常把制造內亂的人(ren)比作(zuo)為“慶(qing)父”,成語“慶(qing)父不死(si),魯(lu)(lu)難未已(yi)”即源于此。
魯(lu)莊公(gong)(gong)姬(ji)同有(you)三(san)(san)個兄弟:慶父、叔(shu)牙(ya)、季(ji)友。慶父最為專(zhuan)橫(heng),并(bing)拉攏叔(shu)牙(ya)為黨,一(yi)直蓄謀爭奪君位(wei)(wei),并(bing)與(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)嫂(sao)——魯(lu)莊公(gong)(gong)姬(ji)同的(de)(de)夫(fu)人哀(ai)姜私(si)通(tong)。魯(lu)莊公(gong)(gong)于其(qi)(qi)在位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)第三(san)(san)十二年,生(sheng)(sheng)了病,因為夫(fu)人哀(ai)姜沒(mei)有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)子,既無“嫡嗣”,便從“庶子”中議立(li)。莊公(gong)(gong)與(yu)(yu)三(san)(san)弟叔(shu)牙(ya)商(shang)量,叔(shu)牙(ya)因受了其(qi)(qi)二哥的(de)(de)收買,主張(zhang)立(li)慶父;與(yu)(yu)四弟季(ji)友商(shang)量,季(ji)友力主立(li)魯(lu)莊公(gong)(gong)與(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)寵姬(ji)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)子公(gong)(gong)子般(ban),并(bing)逼叔(shu)牙(ya)
慶父典故慶父典故
以死(si)表明擁立般。
當年(nian)八月,魯莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)病死,姬(ji)般(ban)繼位。慶(qing)(qing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)甚不甘心,便與哀(ai)(ai)姜(jiang)(jiang)密謀,欲(yu)暗殺姬(ji)般(ban)。恰(qia)好有(you)個(ge)叫犖(luo)的(de)養馬人(ren),很有(you)力氣,也很魯莽,因受(shou)過魯莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)責(ze)罰懷恨(hen)在心,慶(qing)(qing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)就唆使(shi)犖(luo)乘喪期打死了姬(ji)般(ban),另由慶(qing)(qing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)立了哀(ai)(ai)姜(jiang)(jiang)妹妹叔姜(jiang)(jiang)的(de)生子姬(ji)啟,為魯閔公(gong)(gong)(gong)。慶(qing)(qing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)更加肆無(wu)忌憚(dan),與哀(ai)(ai)姜(jiang)(jiang)打得更是火熱,并(bing)且野心越(yue)來越(yue)大。魯閔公(gong)(gong)(gong)二年(nian), 指使(shi)一個(ge)叫齮的(de)人(ren)殺了閔公(gong)(gong)(gong),欲(yu)立慶(qing)(qing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)。季友趁亂,領(ling)著(zhu)魯莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)子姬(ji)申逃到邾國,發(fa)出文告聲討慶(qing)(qing)父(fu)(fu)(fu),要求國人(ren)殺死慶(qing)(qing)父(fu)(fu)(fu),擁立姬(ji)申。國人(ren)響(xiang)應,慶(qing)(qing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)畏懼,逃亡莒國,哀(ai)(ai)姜(jiang)(jiang)逃往邾國。
姬申得立(li),季友買通(tong)莒國,押回慶父,將(jiang)其殺死(si)(si);哀姜是(shi)齊襄公之(zhi)女,為齊桓公宗族之(zhi)女。齊桓公素來以恪守禮儀自(zi)居(ju),哀姜此舉(ju)令其大(da)失(shi)臉面,盛(sheng)怒之(zhi)下,將(jiang)哀姜召回,殺死(si)(si)了。
魯莊公(gong)死(si)后的(de)幾年里,由于慶(qing)父串(chuan)通哀姜連(lian)殺了(le)兩個國(guo)君,公(gong)子般和閔公(gong),作(zuo)威(wei)作(zuo)福(fu),橫(heng)行(xing)無忌,不(bu)但(dan)造成了(le)極大的(de)混(hun)亂,也(ye)給國(guo)人帶來了(le)極大的(de)災難。故(gu)齊國(guo)大臣仲(zhong)孫(sun)湫到魯國(guo)吊唁回去后,嘆息地(di)說:“不(bu)去慶(qing)父,魯難未已(yi)。”
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)662年,魯(lu)(lu)(lu)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死去。魯(lu)(lu)(lu)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同母弟公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)友(you)的(de)(de)支持下(xia),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)般(ban)當了(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)。魯(lu)(lu)(lu)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)異母弟弟慶(qing)(qing)(qing)父(fu),是個(ge)貪(tan)婪殘暴、權欲熏(xun)心的(de)(de)人(ren),企圖自(zi)己成為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)般(ban)即位(wei)(wei)不(bu)到(dao)(dao)兩(liang)個(ge)月,便(bian)被他(ta)派人(ren)殺(sha)(sha)死。支持公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)般(ban)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)友(you)逃往陳國(guo)(guo)(guo)。”慶(qing)(qing)(qing)父(fu)派人(ren)殺(sha)(sha)死公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)般(ban)后,另立閔(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)當國(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)。由于他(ta)制(zhi)造內亂(luan),激起了(le)(le)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)百姓極(ji)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)憤慨(kai)。但慶(qing)(qing)(qing)父(fu)我(wo)行(xing)我(wo)素,繼續制(zhi)造內亂(luan),企圖混(hun)水摸魚,以致把魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)鬧(nao)得不(bu)太平。齊桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)便(bian)派大(da)(da)夫仲(zhong)孫湫(qiu)到(dao)(dao)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)去了(le)(le)解情況(kuang)。不(bu)久,仲(zhong)孫湫(qiu)把了(le)(le)解到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)情況(kuang)向齊桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作了(le)(le)報告(gao),并下(xia)結論說:“如果不(bu)除去慶(qing)(qing)(qing)父(fu),魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)災難是不(bu)會終止的(de)(de)!” 事實果然如此。過(guo)了(le)(le)一(yi)年,慶(qing)(qing)(qing)父(fu)又殺(sha)(sha)死了(le)(le)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)閔(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。兩(liang)年之(zhi)(zhi)內,魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)兩(liang)個(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)被殺(sha)(sha),使魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)局勢陷人(ren)了(le)(le)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)混(hun)亂(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),百姓們對慶(qing)(qing)(qing)父(fu)恨之(zhi)(zhi)入骨(gu)。慶(qing)(qing)(qing)父(fu)見在魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)實在無法(fa)再呆(dai)下(xia)去了(le)(le),便(bian)逃往莒(ju)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。魯(lu)(lu)(lu)僖公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)繼位(wei)(wei)后,知道(dao)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)父(fu)這個(ge)人(ren)繼續存在,對魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)是個(ge)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)威脅,便(bian)請求莒(ju)國(guo)(guo)(guo)把慶(qing)(qing)(qing)父(fu)送回魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。慶(qing)(qing)(qing)父(fu)想要讓(rang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)魚帶他(ta)求情,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)魚哭(ku)著回來了(le)(le),慶(qing)(qing)(qing)父(fu)聽(ting)到(dao)(dao)哭(ku)聲(sheng)后說:“這是奚斯(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)魚)的(de)(de)哭(ku)聲(sheng)啊!”慶(qing)(qing)(qing)父(fu)自(zi)知罪孽(nie)深(shen)重(zhong),回到(dao)(dao)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)沒有好(hao)下(xia)場(chang),便(bian)在途中(zhong)自(zi)殺(sha)(sha)了(le)(le)。
魯(lu)(lu)惠公(gong)生魯(lu)(lu)桓(huan)公(gong);
魯桓公生慶父(字仲孫);
慶父生孟穆伯;
孟(meng)(meng)穆伯生孟(meng)(meng)文伯;
孟文伯生孟獻子
孟獻子生孟莊子
孟莊子生孟孝伯
孟孝伯生孟僖子
孟僖子生孟懿子
孟懿子生孟武伯
孟武伯生孟敬子
孟敬子生孟廬墓
孟廬墓生孟敏
孟敏生孟孫激(字公宜)
孟孫激生(sheng)孟軻(ke)(即“亞圣”孟子,字子輿) [ 參見:通天(tian)家(jia)譜]
慶父不死,魯難(nan)未已(yi)
【拼音】qìng fù bù sǐ , lǔ nàn wèi yǐ
慶(qing)父不死,魯難(nan)未(wei)已
【出處(chu)】《左傳·閔公(gong)元年》
【釋義】不殺(sha)掉(diao)慶父(fu),魯國的災難不會停止。比喻不清除制造內亂(luan)的罪魁(kui)禍首(shou),就(jiu)得(de)不到安寧。
【用法】作賓語、分句;用于壞(huai)人
【結構】復句式
【同韻(yun)詞】安分(fen)守理(li)(li)、一日(ri)萬(wan)幾(ji)、碧空萬(wan)里(li)、萬(wan)無此理(li)(li)、通(tong)文(wen)知理(li)(li)、知文(wen)達(da)理(li)(li)、季常之癖(pi)、孤儔寡匹、恃(shi)才(cai)揚己、知根(gen)知底
【成語故事】
周朝的諸侯魯國(guo)(guo)第17代(dai)國(guo)(guo)王(wang)魯莊公姬(ji)同的三個(ge)兄弟(di)中慶父十分專橫(heng),先(xian)后(hou)(hou)害死后(hou)(hou)國(guo)(guo)王(wang)姬(ji)斑及哀姜妹(mei)妹(mei)的兒子魯閔公姬(ji)開(kai),野心越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)大,打算自己做國(guo)(guo)王(wang),最(zui)后(hou)(hou)被他的弟(di)弟(di)季友處死,擁立姬(ji)申為(wei)王(wang),從此魯國(guo)(guo)才(cai)平靜。
【成語出處】
冬季,齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)仲孫湫(qiu)前來對禍(huo)難(nan)表示慰問,《春秋》稱之為“仲孫”,也(ye)是贊美他(ta)。仲孫回(hui)國(guo)(guo)說(shuo)(shuo):“不(bu)(bu)除掉慶父,魯國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)禍(huo)難(nan)沒(mei)完沒(mei)了(le)。”齊(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)說(shuo)(shuo):“怎么樣才能除掉他(ta)?”仲孫回(hui)答說(shuo)(shuo):“禍(huo)難(nan)不(bu)(bu)止,將(jiang)會自(zi)取(qu)滅亡(wang)(wang),您就等著(zhu)吧!”齊(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)說(shuo)(shuo):“魯國(guo)(guo)可以(yi)取(qu)得嗎?”仲孫說(shuo)(shuo):“不(bu)(bu)行。他(ta)們(men)還遵行周禮(li)。周禮(li),是立國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)根本。下臣聽說(shuo)(shuo):‘國(guo)(guo)家將(jiang)要滅亡(wang)(wang),如同大樹,軀干必然先行仆倒(dao),然后枝葉隨著(zhu)落下。’魯國(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)拋棄周禮(li),是不(bu)(bu)能動它的(de)(de)(de)。您應當(dang)從事于安定魯國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)禍(huo)難(nan)并且(qie)親近(jin)它。親近(jin)有禮(li)儀的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家,依(yi)靠穩定堅(jian)固的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家,離間內部渙散(san)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家,滅亡(wang)(wang)昏暗(an)動亂的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家,這是稱霸稱王的(de)(de)(de)方法。”
原文:
冬,齊仲(zhong)(zhong)孫湫來省(sheng)難(nan)。書(shu)曰(yue)(yue)“仲(zhong)(zhong)孫”,亦嘉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。仲(zhong)(zhong)孫歸曰(yue)(yue):“不(bu)去(qu)慶父,魯難(nan)未(wei)(wei)已(yi)。”公曰(yue)(yue):“若之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何而(er)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”對(dui)曰(yue)(yue):“難(nan)不(bu)已(yi),將自斃,君(jun)(jun)其(qi)待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”公曰(yue)(yue):“魯可取乎?”對(dui)曰(yue)(yue):“不(bu)可,猶秉周禮(li)。周禮(li),所(suo)以(yi)本也(ye)。臣聞(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),國將亡,本必先顛,而(er)后枝葉従之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。魯不(bu)棄(qi)周禮(li),未(wei)(wei)可動也(ye)。君(jun)(jun)其(qi)務寧魯難(nan)而(er)親(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。親(qin)有(you)禮(li),因重固,間攜貳,覆昬亂(luan),霸(ba)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器也(ye)。”《左傳》