芒果视频下载

簡介

巴渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)西漢(han)初(chu)年從西南(nan)地(di)區賨人(ren)(ren)(ren)（板(ban)盾(dun)蠻）那里傳(chuan)(chuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈。漢(han)高祖劉邦在平定三秦(qin)時，招(zhao)募了一(yi)(yi)批賨人(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)前鋒(feng)，賨人(ren)(ren)(ren)勇猛善戰(zhan)，其風俗又善舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，劉邦便命樂(le)工學習和改編(bian)了他(ta)們的(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈，因為(wei)(wei)賨人(ren)(ren)(ren)生活于巴郡渝(yu)水一(yi)(yi)帶，所以(yi)就稱此種舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈為(wei)(wei)巴渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu).巴渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)傳(chuan)(chuan)入宮廷(ting)后(hou)，成為(wei)(wei)宮廷(ting)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈，用來(lai)在宮廷(ting)宴會上表演軍旅戰(zhan)斗的(de)(de)場面，歌(ge)(ge)頌帝(di)王功德，是(shi)(shi)(shi)漢(han)代(dai)著名雜舞(wu)(wu)(wu)。表演時，舞(wu)(wu)(wu)者自披盔甲(jia)，手持(chi)矛(mao)、弩箭(jian)，口唱賨人(ren)(ren)(ren)古(gu)老(lao)戰(zhan)歌(ge)(ge)，樂(le)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)交(jiao)作(zuo)，邊(bian)(bian)歌(ge)(ge)邊(bian)(bian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，舞(wu)(wu)(wu)者有36人(ren)(ren)(ren)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)群舞(wu)(wu)(wu)。由于這種舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈是(shi)(shi)(shi)武樂(le)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈，漢(han)哀帝(di)罷(ba)樂(le)府后(hou)，對巴渝(yu)鼓員36人(ren)(ren)(ren)仍認為(wei)(wei)不可罷(ba)，交(jiao)由大樂(le)領屬，將它列入雅樂(le)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈的(de)(de)系統。其伴(ban)奏樂(le)器以(yi)銅(tong)鼓為(wei)(wei)主，配(pei)合擊磬、搖鼗、撫琴，舞(wu)(wu)(wu)曲有《矛(mao)渝(yu)本歌(ge)(ge)曲》、《安弩渝(yu)本歌(ge)(ge)曲》、《安臺本歌(ge)(ge)曲》、《行辭本歌(ge)(ge)曲》等4篇。巴渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)展(zhan)到魏晉，已完全變成廟堂祭祀性質的(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈。巴渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)在我國古(gu)代(dai)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈藝(yi)術中占(zhan)有較重要(yao)的(de)(de)地(di)位。

基本信息

巴(ba)(ba)渝舞(wu)：是中國古(gu)代最有影響的戰前舞(wu)，即武(wu)舞(wu)。今和重(zhong)慶(qing)北部四川東北部嘉陵江(jiang)支流(liu)渝水（今重(zhong)慶(qing)嘉陵江(jiang)）一帶居(ju)住過一種(zhong)少數民族人(ren)(ren)（巴(ba)(ba)人(ren)(ren)的一支），或稱(cheng)板木盾蠻，又稱(cheng)獠(liao)人(ren)(ren)，創造了一種(zhong)具有民族特色(se)的舞(wu)蹈，它發源于巴(ba)(ba)郡渝水流(liu)域(yu)，故名為巴(ba)(ba)渝舞(wu)。”

歷史淵源

巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)中(zhong)國古代(dai)最有(you)影(ying)響(xiang)的戰前(qian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，即武舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。《左傳》載(zai)3000年前(qian)“周武王伐紂，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)師勇(yong)銳，歌(ge)(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)凌(ling)殷人(ren)。故(gu)曰：武王伐紂前(qian)戈后舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。”這里對“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)師歌(ge)(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”并(bing)未命(ming)名(ming)，直到秦漢(han)相爭時漢(han)王朝再次將此舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)用于戰斗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，在(zai)沖(chong)鋒陷陣(zhen)時“銳氣喜舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，武帝善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰‘此武王伐紂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)，乃(nai)令(ling)樂(le)(le)人(ren)習學之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，今所(suo)謂(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。’”這是(shi)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)在(zai)史(shi)書(shu)上正式提(ti)出。漢(han)高(gao)祖(zu)為(wei)什么把(ba)這種(zhong)戰前(qian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)命(ming)名(ming)為(wei)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”？有(you)關(guan)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)眾說紛(fen)紜(yun)。董其祥教(jiao)授在(zai)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)源(yuan)流(liu)考》中(zhong)，把(ba)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)結論(lun)為(wei)：“重慶北(bei)部(bu)四川東北(bei)部(bu)嘉陵江支(zhi)流(liu)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)（今名(ming)流(liu)江）一帶居住過(guo)一種(zhong)少數民族人(ren)（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)人(ren)的一支(zhi)），或稱板(ban)木盾蠻，又(you)稱獠人(ren)，創(chuang)造了(le)一種(zhong)具有(you)民族特色的舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈，它發(fa)源(yuan)于巴(ba)(ba)(ba)郡渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)域，故(gu)名(ming)為(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。”另有(you)胡宏基先(xian)生《解讀巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)》認定“閬中(zhong)市保(bao)寧鎮為(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉。”晉人(ren)郭注釋“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”一辭說：“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)西閬中(zhong)有(you)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)，獠人(ren)居其上，皆(jie)剛勇(yong)好舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，漢(han)高(gao)祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)平(ping)三秦，后使樂(le)(le)府(fu)習之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)因名(ming)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。”

命名

“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)，既不(bu)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)郡(jun)、巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)”和渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”為(wei)(wei)其(qi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)，也(ye)(ye)不(bu)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)族名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)其(qi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)。若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)左(zuo)右聚居人為(wei)(wei)其(qi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)應命(ming)(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)”也(ye)(ye)。《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)文化(hua)百科》在(zai)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)》辭條中(zhong)(zhong)認定“由于(yu)(yu)人居住(zhu)在(zai)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)叫巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)”。那么秦漢(han)(han)(han)時(shi)的“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)”又在(zai)何處？據考(kao)：古(gu)(gu)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)應是(shi)東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)時(shi)漢(han)(han)(han)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)轄(xia)地(di)，前屬(shu)梁(liang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)（治今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)鄭回軍(jun)壩天池梁(liang)），后屬(shu)益州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun)（治今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)閬中(zhong)(zhong)）直至民(min)(min)國(guo)時(shi)期，即(ji)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)四(si)(si)川(chuan)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)所(suo)轄(xia)的巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、平(ping)昌(chang)(chang)的巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)域(yu)。“在(zai)四(si)(si)川(chuan)東(dong)北部有東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩源，出(chu)自(zi)(zi)陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)鄭、鎮(zhen)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)境內米倉山(shan)(shan)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)流(liu)至通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)會(hui)合，西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)流(liu)至平(ping)昌(chang)(chang)注(zhu)入(ru)渠江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”（《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經注(zhu)》）。《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)·巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)源流(liu)圖》考(kao)：“州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有三派，其(qi)自(zi)(zi)蟒潭河(he)入(ru)者(zhe)北水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即(ji)古(gu)(gu)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也(ye)(ye)（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)河(he)，發源陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)鄭，經米倉山(shan)(shan)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)入(ru)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)）；……自(zi)(zi)通巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)河(he)入(ru)者(zhe)，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也(ye)(ye)（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)，發源于(yu)(yu)陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)鄭、鎮(zhen)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)）。三水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)會(hui)于(yu)(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口鎮(zhen)（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)平(ping)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)城(cheng)）合而為(wei)(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，眾流(liu)皆附之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)達于(yu)(yu)渠河(he)（古(gu)(gu)潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)）”《漢(han)(han)(han)志(zhi)》云“……而巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)二(er)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)自(zi)(zi)古(gu)(gu)并稱，地(di)必(bi)相(xiang)近（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)二(er)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)實為(wei)(wei)一山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隔）……”《三巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)記》云：“閬中(zhong)(zhong)有渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)時(shi)屬(shu)閬中(zhong)(zhong)境內，此(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)所(suo)居，故稱‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)’、‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)’也(ye)(ye)”，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)史(shi)書上首次提及“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)。化(hua)成縣(xian)（治今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)）北水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一名(ming)(ming)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)嶺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，一名(ming)(ming)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)川(chuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，一名(ming)(ming)宕渠水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。自(zi)(zi)集(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)）難(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)）界流(liu)入(ru)北水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即(ji)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正流(liu)。從前未有巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱，自(zi)(zi)《九域(yu)志(zhi)》始言化(hua)成縣(xian)有巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)后，遂(sui)與(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)派出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)嶺者(zhe)當之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)實則(ze)古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也(ye)(ye)（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)）。“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，古(gu)(gu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)名(ming)(ming)，一名(ming)(ming)宕渠水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即(ji)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)四(si)(si)川(chuan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)及其(qi)下(xia)游(you)渠江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，古(gu)(gu)有族聚居水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)濱(bin)善歌舞(wu)，漢(han)(han)(han)‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)’即(ji)出(chu)于(yu)(yu)此(ci)……”（《辭海》地(di)理(li)分(fen)冊）。從以(yi)(yi)(yi)上分(fen)析所(suo)知，“閬中(zhong)(zhong)有渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，人多居水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)左(zuo)右……”是(shi)指在(zai)秦漢(han)(han)(han)時(shi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun)所(suo)轄(xia)漢(han)(han)(han)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)的渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)民(min)(min)國(guo)志(zhi)》。明楊瞻(zhan)《四(si)(si)忠祠記》“正德辛(xin)未（正德六年(nian)，1512年(nian)）以(yi)(yi)(yi)來，鄢(yan)藍（鄢(yan)本恕(shu)、藍延瑞）倡亂、旗幟千(qian)里，三省煸動(dong)，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)死亡過半矣。”這(zhe)(zhe)里所(suo)指“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)”，即(ji)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、平(ping)昌(chang)(chang)）、達州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北及南(nan)(nan)(nan)充市(shi)轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)和劍閣、梓潼等川(chuan)東(dong)北地(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)。這(zhe)(zhe)里再次提到巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)域(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)，那是(shi)順其(qi)自(zi)(zi)然，俗以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)常。

4篇舞曲

一曰(yue)矛渝，二(er)曰(yue)安弩，三曰(yue)安臺，四曰(yue)行辭。巴(ba)渝舞(wu)(wu)的(de)基本(ben)形式(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“執(zhi)仗(zhang)而舞(wu)(wu)”。“仗(zhang)”，兵器(qi)，“執(zhi)仗(zhang)”即執(zhi)干戈(ge)；伴奏則(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)擊鼓。班固(gu)《漢(han)書》載：“巴(ba)渝鼓員，三十六人(ren)”。他(ta)講的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)宮廷(ting)燕樂的(de)巴(ba)渝舞(wu)(wu)，征伐(fa)戰(zhan)場上(shang)的(de)巴(ba)渝舞(wu)(wu)，有多(duo)少(shao)人(ren)戰(zhan)斗,就有多(duo)少(shao)人(ren)歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)：在陣前拼殺(sha)者(zhe)(zhe)，執(zhi)看挺戈(ge)，大聲呼呵(he)，后(hou)面伴奏者(zhe)(zhe)，則(ze)擊鼓頓足(zu)，以增威勢，這就是(shi)(shi)(shi)史(shi)書所為的(de)“前歌(ge)后(hou)舞(wu)(wu)”。司馬相如在《子虛(xu)賦(fu)》中這樣描繪巴(ba)渝舞(wu)(wu)的(de)壯觀(guan)場面：“千人(ren)唱(chang)，萬人(ren)和，山(shan)陵為之震(zhen)動，山(shan)谷為之蕩波。”為了(le)“耀武(wu)觀(guan)兵”，朝廷(ting)接待“四夷(yi)使者(zhe)(zhe)”，便常(chang)常(chang)表演巴(ba)渝舞(wu)(wu)。

巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)是閬中(zhong)渝(yu)(yu)水土著巴(ba)族賨人所創(chuang)造(zao)的(de)民間舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈。賨人天性(xing)(xing)勁(jing)勇(yong)，俗喜歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)。漢(han)高(gao)祖(zu)劉邦(bang)伐三秦建大漢(han)時，被募(mu)為(wei)(wei)漢(han)軍前鋒。他們那種(zhong)“巴(ba)師(shi)勇(yong)銳(rui)，歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)以凌”的(de)氣勢和戰斗力，贏(ying)得了(le)漢(han)高(gao)祖(zu)的(de)喜愛，并將宗人的(de)戰爭武(wu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)取(qu)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”，引(yin)進(jin)宮廷，歷經魏(wei)、晉、南北朝，至唐代(dai)，雖曾(ceng)數易其(qi)名(ming)(ming)，仍(reng)盛演(yan)不衰。唐以后(hou)，“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”在(zai)宮庭中(zhong)銷聲匿跡(ji)，名(ming)(ming)不見經傳了(le)。但在(zai)民間仍(reng)在(zai)世代(dai)承傳，歷經演(yan)變(bian)，原始(shi)的(de)武(wu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)演(yan)變(bian)成祭祀性(xing)(xing)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈和慶(qing)典性(xing)(xing)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈。留傳至今(jin)的(de)“八(ba)仙(xian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)”（又名(ming)(ming)“巴(ba)象鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)”）即(ji)是歷經演(yan)變(bian)的(de)“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”的(de)一種(zhong)表(biao)現形(xing)式。“八(ba)仙(xian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)”為(wei)(wei)長柄雙(shuang)面(mian)獸皮(pi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)，鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)面(mian)繪有八(ba)仙(xian)或圖騰圖案，直徑(jing)約30--40厘(li)米(mi)，鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)柄約120厘(li)米(mi)。八(ba)仙(xian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)多為(wei)(wei)10人以上的(de)群舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，適宜廣場表(biao)演(yan)。表(biao)演(yan)時，沙(sha)鑼一道，鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)手隨(sui)后(hou)，一面(mian)擊鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)，一面(mian)吶喊(han)，不斷變(bian)換(huan)隊形(xing)，浩浩蕩蕩，威(wei)武(wu)雄(xiong)壯。

1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)，閬(lang)中組隊(dui)參(can)加四(si)川省(sheng)第(di)二屆(jie)民(min)間音樂舞(wu)(wu)蹈會演獲(huo)獎(jiang)。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)，閬(lang)中市(shi)組織(zhi)300人(ren)的(de)“八(ba)仙鼓”表演隊(dui)伍，參(can)加南充第(di)二屆(jie)絲綢節開幕式(shi)表演，引起轟動，獲(huo)得獎(jiang)勵。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)市(shi)群(qun)眾藝術館蒲公(gong)英(ying)少(shao)兒(er)藝術團演出的(de)以八(ba)仙鼓舞(wu)(wu)為素材的(de)創作舞(wu)(wu)蹈《巴(ba)鼓新韻》，參(can)加四(si)川省(sheng)舞(wu)(wu)蹈大賽，獲(huo)得編導和表演兩個一等(deng)獎(jiang)。為了研究(jiu)“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)”，1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)青海人(ren)民(min)出版(ban)社出版(ban)發行了由肖善生撰寫(xie)的(de)《巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)初探》。

演義片段-巴渝舞

在三國(guo)演義32集--周瑜空設計中，有一段(duan)周瑜宴(yan)請劉備的戲，宴(yan)席中有一段(duan)舞(wu)蹈(dao)，就是《巴渝舞(wu)》。

周(zhou)瑜瞞著諸葛亮打算(suan)在宴席中摔杯為號殺死(si)劉(liu)備(bei)。此時諸葛亮在江邊聽到樂舞聲(sheng)中透出一股殺氣(qi)(qi)，說：“這是(shi)巴渝舞。”問魯肅“帳中宴請(qing)何人？”，聽到宴請(qing)的是(shi)劉(liu)備(bei)后不禁大驚失色驚呼：“我主(zhu)危矣(yi)！”急忙跑去，當看到劉(liu)備(bei)身旁站立的關(guan)羽(yu)時，松了口氣(qi)(qi)擦(ca)(ca)了擦(ca)(ca)汗說道(dao)：“我主(zhu)無險矣(yi)。”周(zhou)瑜因忌(ji)憚關(guan)羽(yu)，計劃(hua)最終沒有得逞(cheng)。

民間流傳

“巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)”民(min)間稱之為(wei)“渝(yu)兒(er)舞(wu)”。此名在唐太(tai)宗大歷年間仍在漢昌境地廣為(wei)流(liu)傳(chuan)。梁州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)李(li)勉募中(zhong)(zhong)任職的唐代詩人(ren)韓(han)弘（河南沁陽縣人(ren)）在千(qian)山口(kou)所寫《送巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)楊(yang)使君》詩中(zhong)(zhong)留(liu)下“萬里歌(ge)(ge)(ge)鐘相慶(qing)(qing)時，巴(ba)(ba)童聲節渝(yu)兒(er)舞(wu)”之詩句（《巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)·藝文上》）。詩中(zhong)(zhong)“萬里歌(ge)(ge)(ge)鐘”指(zhi)遼闊的巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)（古稱野巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)）人(ren)民(min)唱歌(ge)(ge)(ge)擊鑼(luo)鼓(gu)。“渝(yu)兒(er)舞(wu)”即(ji)“巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)”。詩意(yi)為(wei)楊(yang)使君到(dao)巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)整飭防(fang)務取得成績(ji)后，巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)民(min)定(ding)會載歌(ge)(ge)(ge)載舞(wu)為(wei)其慶(qing)(qing)賀。說明“巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)”在唐代時仍在巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)廣為(wei)流(liu)傳(chuan)。

《薅草鑼(luo)鼓(gu)》是流(liu)傳(chuan)于(yu)大巴(ba)山南麓巴(ba)中市米倉山區的一種在薅包谷草時演唱(chang)(chang)的大型連套(tao)體山歌(ge)(ge)(ge)，所用鑼(luo)鼓(gu)伴奏(zou)源于(yu)“巴(ba)渝舞”的伴奏(zou)樂器鑼(luo)和(he)鼓(gu)，即古(gu)代的鼓(gu)和(he)鉦（一種長柄(bing)鐘的軍樂）。此種民間文藝(yi)至今仍在“巴(ba)渝地區”流(liu)傳(chuan)。《巴(ba)州志(zhi)·風俗篇》有“春田(tian)插(cha)秧，選歌(ge)(ge)(ge)郎二人(ren)擊鼓(gu)鳴鉦于(yu)隴上，曼聲而歌(ge)(ge)(ge)，更唱(chang)(chang)迭合(he)，麗麗可(ke)聽，使耕者忘其疲，以齊功力”之記載，實為古(gu)代集(ji)體勞作時的“戰(zhan)地歌(ge)(ge)(ge)舞”。其目的與古(gu)戰(zhan)舞“巴(ba)渝舞”實為一致。

巴(ba)(ba)渝舞是流傳在重慶北部和四川東(dong)北部土著人(ren)中之(zhi)原始歌舞，按其(qi)命名來講(jiang)，它(ta)的具體流傳出(chu)處應是東(dong)漢(han)時漢(han)昌縣巴(ba)(ba)渝地區，即今巴(ba)(ba)中市兩千年(nian)前的地方歌舞。