芒果视频下载

簡介

巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)西(xi)漢(han)初(chu)年從西(xi)南地(di)區(qu)賨(cong)(cong)人(ren)(ren)（板盾蠻）那里傳來的(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈。漢(han)高祖劉邦(bang)在(zai)平定三秦時(shi)，招募了一批(pi)賨(cong)(cong)人(ren)(ren)作前鋒，賨(cong)(cong)人(ren)(ren)勇猛善戰(zhan)(zhan)，其(qi)風俗又善舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，劉邦(bang)便命樂工學(xue)習和改編(bian)了他們的(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈，因為(wei)賨(cong)(cong)人(ren)(ren)生活于(yu)(yu)巴(ba)(ba)郡渝(yu)(yu)(yu)水一帶，所以(yi)就稱此種舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈為(wei)巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu).巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)傳入宮(gong)(gong)廷(ting)(ting)后(hou)，成為(wei)宮(gong)(gong)廷(ting)(ting)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈，用來在(zai)宮(gong)(gong)廷(ting)(ting)宴(yan)會上表演軍旅戰(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)的(de)場面，歌(ge)頌帝王功德，是(shi)漢(han)代(dai)著名雜舞(wu)(wu)(wu)。表演時(shi)，舞(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)自披盔(kui)甲，手(shou)持矛、弩箭，口唱賨(cong)(cong)人(ren)(ren)古老戰(zhan)(zhan)歌(ge)，樂舞(wu)(wu)(wu)交作，邊歌(ge)邊舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，舞(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)有(you)36人(ren)(ren)，是(shi)群舞(wu)(wu)(wu)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)這種舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈是(shi)武(wu)樂舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈，漢(han)哀帝罷樂府(fu)后(hou)，對巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)鼓(gu)員36人(ren)(ren)仍(reng)認為(wei)不可罷，交由(you)大樂領屬，將它列入雅(ya)樂舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈的(de)系(xi)統。其(qi)伴奏樂器以(yi)銅(tong)鼓(gu)為(wei)主，配合(he)擊(ji)磬、搖鼗、撫琴，舞(wu)(wu)(wu)曲有(you)《矛渝(yu)(yu)(yu)本(ben)歌(ge)曲》、《安(an)弩渝(yu)(yu)(yu)本(ben)歌(ge)曲》、《安(an)臺本(ben)歌(ge)曲》、《行(xing)辭本(ben)歌(ge)曲》等4篇。巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)發展到魏(wei)晉，已完全變成廟堂(tang)祭祀性質的(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈。巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)在(zai)我國古代(dai)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈藝術(shu)中占有(you)較重要的(de)地(di)位(wei)。

基本信息

巴渝(yu)舞(wu)：是中國古代最(zui)有(you)影(ying)響的戰前舞(wu)，即武舞(wu)。今和重慶北(bei)(bei)部(bu)四川東北(bei)(bei)部(bu)嘉陵江(jiang)支流(liu)渝(yu)水(shui)（今重慶嘉陵江(jiang)）一帶居住過一種少數民(min)族人(ren)（巴人(ren)的一支），或稱(cheng)板(ban)木盾蠻，又(you)稱(cheng)獠人(ren)，創造了一種具有(you)民(min)族特色的舞(wu)蹈，它(ta)發源于巴郡渝(yu)水(shui)流(liu)域，故名為巴渝(yu)舞(wu)。”

歷史淵源

巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國古(gu)代最有影(ying)響的(de)戰前(qian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，即武舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。《左傳》載3000年前(qian)“周武王伐(fa)(fa)紂，巴(ba)師勇(yong)銳，歌舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以凌殷(yin)人(ren)(ren)。故曰：武王伐(fa)(fa)紂前(qian)戈(ge)后(hou)(hou)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。”這里對“巴(ba)師歌舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”并未命名，直(zhi)到(dao)秦(qin)漢(han)相(xiang)爭時漢(han)王朝再次將此(ci)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)用于(yu)戰斗(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，在沖(chong)鋒陷陣時“銳氣(qi)喜(xi)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，武帝善之(zhi)(zhi)曰‘此(ci)武王伐(fa)(fa)紂之(zhi)(zhi)歌舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也，乃(nai)令樂(le)人(ren)(ren)習學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)，今所謂巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也。’”這是(shi)“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)(zhi)名在史書上正式提出。漢(han)高(gao)(gao)祖為(wei)什么把(ba)這種戰前(qian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)命名為(wei)“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”？有關巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)眾說紛紜(yun)。董其(qi)祥(xiang)教授在《巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)源(yuan)流(liu)考》中(zhong)(zhong)，把(ba)“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)結論為(wei)：“重(zhong)慶北(bei)部四川東(dong)北(bei)部嘉陵江支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)渝(yu)(yu)水（今名流(liu)江）一帶居住過一種少數民族人(ren)(ren)（巴(ba)人(ren)(ren)的(de)一支(zhi)(zhi)），或稱(cheng)板木盾蠻，又稱(cheng)獠(liao)人(ren)(ren)，創造了一種具有民族特色的(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)，它發源(yuan)于(yu)巴(ba)郡渝(yu)(yu)水流(liu)域(yu)，故名為(wei)巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。”另有胡宏基先生(sheng)《解讀巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)》認定“閬中(zhong)(zhong)市保寧鎮為(wei)巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉。”晉人(ren)(ren)郭(guo)注釋“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)”一辭說：“巴(ba)西閬中(zhong)(zhong)有渝(yu)(yu)水，獠(liao)人(ren)(ren)居其(qi)上，皆剛勇(yong)好舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，漢(han)高(gao)(gao)祖之(zhi)(zhi)以平(ping)三秦(qin)，后(hou)(hou)使樂(le)府習之(zhi)(zhi)因名巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也。”

命名

“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞”之(zhi)命(ming)名(ming)(ming)，既不(bu)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)郡(jun)(jun)、巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)郡(jun)(jun)之(zhi)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)”和渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”為其命(ming)名(ming)(ming)，也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)名(ming)(ming)為其命(ming)名(ming)(ming)。若以(yi)(yi)(yi)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)左右聚(ju)居人為其命(ming)名(ming)(ming)，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞應(ying)命(ming)名(ming)(ming)為“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞”也(ye)。《中(zhong)(zhong)國文化百科》在《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞》辭條中(zhong)(zhong)認定“由于(yu)人居住在巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)叫(jiao)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞”。那(nei)么(me)秦(qin)漢(han)(han)(han)時(shi)的(de)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)”又(you)在何處？據考：古(gu)(gu)(gu)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)應(ying)是(shi)東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)時(shi)漢(han)(han)(han)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)轄(xia)地(di)(di)(di)，前屬(shu)梁州(zhou)（治今陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)鄭(zheng)回軍壩(ba)天(tian)池梁），后屬(shu)益州(zhou)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)郡(jun)(jun)（治今閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)）直至民(min)(min)(min)(min)國時(shi)期，即今四川巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)轄(xia)的(de)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)、南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)、通(tong)江(jiang)(jiang)、平(ping)昌(chang)(chang)的(de)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流域。“在四川東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部有(you)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩源，出自陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)鄭(zheng)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)境內(nei)米倉山，南(nan)流至通(tong)江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)南(nan)會合，西(xi)(xi)南(nan)流至平(ping)昌(chang)(chang)注入(ru)渠江(jiang)(jiang)”（《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經(jing)注》）。《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)·巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系源流圖》考：“州(zhou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)三(san)派，其自蟒潭河(he)入(ru)者北(bei)(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即古(gu)(gu)(gu)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也(ye)（今巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)河(he)，發源陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)鄭(zheng)，經(jing)米倉山、南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)入(ru)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)）；……自通(tong)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)河(he)入(ru)者，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也(ye)（今通(tong)江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)，發源于(yu)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)鄭(zheng)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)）。三(san)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)會于(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)口鎮(zhen)(zhen)（今平(ping)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)城）合而(er)為巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)，眾流皆附之(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)達于(yu)渠河(he)（古(gu)(gu)(gu)潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)）”《漢(han)(han)(han)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》云“……而(er)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)二水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)自古(gu)(gu)(gu)并稱(cheng)，地(di)(di)(di)必相(xiang)近（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)二水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)實(shi)為一(yi)(yi)山之(zhi)隔）……”《三(san)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)記(ji)》云：“閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)在漢(han)(han)(han)時(shi)屬(shu)閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)境內(nei)，此水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為民(min)(min)(min)(min)所(suo)(suo)居，故稱(cheng)‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)’、‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)’也(ye)”，這(zhe)是(shi)史書上(shang)首次提(ti)及(ji)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)。化成縣(xian)（治今巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)）北(bei)(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)嶺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，一(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)川水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，一(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)宕(dang)渠水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。自集(ji)州(zhou)（今南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)）難江(jiang)(jiang)（今南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)）界流入(ru)北(bei)(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即今巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)外(wai)之(zhi)正(zheng)流。從(cong)前未有(you)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)稱(cheng)，自《九域志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》始言化成縣(xian)有(you)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)后，遂(sui)與南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)派出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)嶺者當之(zhi)，其實(shi)則(ze)古(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也(ye)（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）。“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，古(gu)(gu)(gu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)名(ming)(ming)，一(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)宕(dang)渠水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即今四川南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)及(ji)其下游(you)渠江(jiang)(jiang)，古(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)族(zu)聚(ju)居水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)濱善(shan)歌舞，漢(han)(han)(han)‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞’即出于(yu)此……”（《辭海》地(di)(di)(di)理分冊）。從(cong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)分析所(suo)(suo)知(zhi)，“閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，人多居水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)左右……”是(shi)指在秦(qin)漢(han)(han)(han)時(shi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)郡(jun)(jun)所(suo)(suo)轄(xia)漢(han)(han)(han)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)的(de)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)國志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》。明楊(yang)瞻《四忠祠記(ji)》“正(zheng)德(de)辛未（正(zheng)德(de)六年(nian)，1512年(nian)）以(yi)(yi)(yi)來，鄢(yan)藍（鄢(yan)本恕(shu)、藍延瑞）倡亂、旗幟(zhi)千里(li)，三(san)省煸(bian)動(dong)，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)死亡(wang)過半矣。”這(zhe)里(li)所(suo)(suo)指“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)”，即今巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)、南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)、通(tong)江(jiang)(jiang)、平(ping)昌(chang)(chang)）、達州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)及(ji)南(nan)充市(shi)(shi)轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)和劍閣、梓潼等川東(dong)北(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)。這(zhe)里(li)再次提(ti)到巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)域之(zhi)名(ming)(ming)為巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞命(ming)名(ming)(ming)，那(nei)是(shi)順其自然，俗(su)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為常。

4篇舞曲

一曰(yue)(yue)矛渝(yu)，二曰(yue)(yue)安(an)弩，三曰(yue)(yue)安(an)臺，四曰(yue)(yue)行辭。巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞的基本形式是(shi)“執(zhi)(zhi)仗而舞”。“仗”，兵器，“執(zhi)(zhi)仗”即執(zhi)(zhi)干戈(ge)；伴(ban)(ban)奏則是(shi)擊鼓(gu)。班(ban)固《漢書》載：“巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)鼓(gu)員(yuan)，三十六人”。他講的是(shi)宮廷(ting)(ting)燕樂的巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞，征伐(fa)戰(zhan)場上的巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞，有(you)多少人戰(zhan)斗,就有(you)多少人歌舞：在陣前拼殺者(zhe)，執(zhi)(zhi)看挺(ting)戈(ge)，大聲呼(hu)呵，后面(mian)伴(ban)(ban)奏者(zhe)，則擊鼓(gu)頓足，以增威勢，這就是(shi)史書所為的“前歌后舞”。司馬相(xiang)如在《子虛(xu)賦(fu)》中這樣(yang)描繪巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞的壯(zhuang)觀場面(mian)：“千人唱，萬人和，山陵(ling)為之(zhi)震動，山谷為之(zhi)蕩波(bo)。”為了“耀武觀兵”，朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)接待“四夷使者(zhe)”，便常(chang)常(chang)表演巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞。

巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)是閬中渝(yu)水土著巴(ba)(ba)(ba)族賨人(ren)所創造(zao)的(de)(de)民(min)間(jian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)。賨人(ren)天性(xing)勁勇(yong)，俗喜歌舞(wu)(wu)(wu)。漢高祖(zu)劉邦伐三秦建大(da)漢時，被(bei)募為漢軍(jun)前鋒。他們那種“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)師勇(yong)銳，歌舞(wu)(wu)(wu)以凌”的(de)(de)氣(qi)勢和戰斗力，贏得(de)了(le)漢高祖(zu)的(de)(de)喜愛，并將宗人(ren)的(de)(de)戰爭武舞(wu)(wu)(wu)取名(ming)為“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”，引進宮廷(ting)，歷(li)經魏、晉(jin)、南北朝，至唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)，雖(sui)曾(ceng)數易其名(ming)，仍盛演(yan)不衰(shuai)。唐(tang)以后(hou)，“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”在(zai)宮庭(ting)中銷聲匿跡，名(ming)不見經傳(chuan)了(le)。但在(zai)民(min)間(jian)仍在(zai)世代(dai)(dai)承傳(chuan)，歷(li)經演(yan)變，原始的(de)(de)武舞(wu)(wu)(wu)演(yan)變成祭(ji)祀(si)性(xing)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)和慶典(dian)性(xing)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)。留傳(chuan)至今的(de)(de)“八仙鼓(gu)”（又(you)名(ming)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)象鼓(gu)”）即(ji)是歷(li)經演(yan)變的(de)(de)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”的(de)(de)一(yi)種表現(xian)形式。“八仙鼓(gu)”為長柄雙(shuang)面(mian)獸皮(pi)鼓(gu)，鼓(gu)面(mian)繪有八仙或圖(tu)騰圖(tu)案，直徑約30--40厘米，鼓(gu)柄約120厘米。八仙鼓(gu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)多為10人(ren)以上的(de)(de)群舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，適宜廣(guang)場表演(yan)。表演(yan)時，沙鑼(luo)一(yi)道，鼓(gu)手隨后(hou)，一(yi)面(mian)擊(ji)鼓(gu)，一(yi)面(mian)吶喊(han)，不斷變換(huan)隊形，浩浩蕩蕩，威武雄壯。

1955年(nian)，閬中(zhong)組隊參加四川省第二屆民間音樂(le)舞(wu)蹈(dao)會演(yan)獲(huo)(huo)獎(jiang)。1991年(nian)，閬中(zhong)市組織(zhi)300人的(de)“八仙鼓(gu)”表(biao)演(yan)隊伍，參加南充(chong)第二屆絲綢(chou)節開幕式表(biao)演(yan)，引(yin)起轟動，獲(huo)(huo)得獎(jiang)勵。2001年(nian)市群(qun)眾藝術館蒲(pu)公英少兒藝術團演(yan)出(chu)的(de)以八仙鼓(gu)舞(wu)為素(su)材的(de)創作舞(wu)蹈(dao)《巴(ba)(ba)鼓(gu)新韻(yun)》，參加四川省舞(wu)蹈(dao)大賽，獲(huo)(huo)得編(bian)導和(he)表(biao)演(yan)兩個一等獎(jiang)。為了(le)研究“巴(ba)(ba)渝舞(wu)”，1997年(nian)青(qing)海人民出(chu)版社出(chu)版發行了(le)由肖善(shan)生撰寫的(de)《巴(ba)(ba)渝舞(wu)初探(tan)》。

演義片段-巴渝舞

在三國(guo)演(yan)義32集--周瑜空設計中(zhong)，有(you)一(yi)段周瑜宴請劉備的戲(xi)，宴席(xi)中(zhong)有(you)一(yi)段舞(wu)蹈，就是(shi)《巴渝舞(wu)》。

周瑜(yu)瞞著諸(zhu)葛亮打算在(zai)宴席(xi)中(zhong)摔杯(bei)為號(hao)殺死(si)劉備。此(ci)時(shi)諸(zhu)葛亮在(zai)江邊聽到樂舞聲中(zhong)透出一股殺氣(qi)，說：“這(zhe)是巴渝舞。”問(wen)魯肅“帳(zhang)中(zhong)宴請何人(ren)？”，聽到宴請的是劉備后不(bu)禁大驚失色驚呼：“我主危(wei)矣(yi)！”急忙跑去，當看到劉備身(shen)旁站立的關羽時(shi)，松(song)了口氣(qi)擦了擦汗說道(dao)：“我主無險(xian)矣(yi)。”周瑜(yu)因忌憚關羽，計劃最(zui)終沒(mei)有得逞(cheng)。

民間流傳

“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”民間(jian)稱之為(wei)“渝(yu)(yu)兒(er)(er)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”。此名(ming)在(zai)唐太宗大(da)歷年間(jian)仍在(zai)漢昌(chang)境(jing)地廣為(wei)流傳。梁州(zhou)刺史李勉(mian)募中(zhong)任職(zhi)的唐代詩人(ren)(ren)韓弘（河南沁陽(yang)縣人(ren)(ren)）在(zai)千山口(kou)所(suo)寫(xie)《送巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)楊使君(jun)》詩中(zhong)留下“萬里(li)歌(ge)鐘相慶(qing)(qing)時，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)童(tong)聲節渝(yu)(yu)兒(er)(er)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”之詩句（《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)志(zhi)·藝文上》）。詩中(zhong)“萬里(li)歌(ge)鐘”指(zhi)遼闊(kuo)的巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)（古稱野巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)）人(ren)(ren)民唱歌(ge)擊鑼鼓(gu)。“渝(yu)(yu)兒(er)(er)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”即(ji)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”。詩意為(wei)楊使君(jun)到(dao)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)整飭防務取得成績后，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)人(ren)(ren)民定會載歌(ge)載舞(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)其(qi)慶(qing)(qing)賀(he)。說(shuo)明(ming)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”在(zai)唐代時仍在(zai)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)廣為(wei)流傳。

《薅(hao)草(cao)鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)》是流傳于(yu)大巴(ba)山(shan)南麓(lu)巴(ba)中(zhong)市米倉(cang)山(shan)區的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)在薅(hao)包谷(gu)草(cao)時(shi)演唱(chang)的(de)(de)大型連套體(ti)山(shan)歌(ge)，所(suo)用鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)伴奏源于(yu)“巴(ba)渝舞(wu)(wu)”的(de)(de)伴奏樂(le)器鑼(luo)(luo)和鼓(gu)，即古代的(de)(de)鼓(gu)和鉦(zheng)（一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)長柄鐘(zhong)的(de)(de)軍樂(le)）。此種(zhong)(zhong)民(min)間文藝至今仍在“巴(ba)渝地區”流傳。《巴(ba)州志·風(feng)俗(su)篇》有“春田插秧，選歌(ge)郎(lang)二人擊鼓(gu)鳴鉦(zheng)于(yu)隴上，曼聲而歌(ge)，更唱(chang)迭合，麗麗可聽，使(shi)耕(geng)者忘其疲，以齊功力”之記載，實為(wei)古代集體(ti)勞作時(shi)的(de)(de)“戰地歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)”。其目的(de)(de)與古戰舞(wu)(wu)“巴(ba)渝舞(wu)(wu)”實為(wei)一(yi)致。

巴渝舞是(shi)流傳在重慶北部(bu)和四川東(dong)北部(bu)土著人中之原始歌舞，按其命(ming)名來講，它的具體流傳出處(chu)應是(shi)東(dong)漢(han)時(shi)漢(han)昌縣巴渝地區，即今巴中市兩千年(nian)前的地方(fang)歌舞。