慕容皝(huang)(297年~348年),字(zi)元(yuan)真(zhen),小字(zi)萬年,昌黎棘(ji)城(今遼(liao)寧(ning)省義縣)人,鮮卑族。十六(liu)國時期前(qian)燕開國君主,西晉遼(liao)東公(gong)慕容廆(hui)第三子(zi)。
慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝勇武(wu)(wu)(wu)剛(gang)毅(yi),頗有謀(mou)略(lve),崇尚經(jing)學,熟悉(xi)天(tian)文,被立為(wei)遼東(dong)公(gong)(gong)世子。建武(wu)(wu)(wu)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),拜冠(guan)軍將軍、左(zuo)賢王(wang)(wang)(wang)、望平侯。太(tai)(tai)寧末年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),拜平北將軍、朝鮮(xian)公(gong)(gong)。咸(xian)和(he)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(333年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),襲封(feng)(feng)遼東(dong)郡公(gong)(gong),授平北將軍、平州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),統治(zhi)遼東(dong)地(di)區。咸(xian)和(he)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(334年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),派兵(bing)攻(gong)殺鮮(xian)卑木堤和(he)烏丸悉(xi)羅侯。咸(xian)康(kang)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(336年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),從(cong)海路踏(ta)冰(bing)攻(gong)殺慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)仁。咸(xian)康(kang)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(337年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))十月,聽從(cong)謀(mou)臣(chen)封(feng)(feng)弈的勸進,自稱燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang),建立前燕(yan)(yan)政權(quan),追封(feng)(feng)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)廆為(wei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)宣王(wang)(wang)(wang),夫(fu)人(ren)段(duan)氏為(wei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)宣后,冊(ce)立世子慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)儁(jun)為(wei)燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)太(tai)(tai)子。咸(xian)康(kang)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(341年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),被東(dong)晉冊(ce)封(feng)(feng)為(wei)燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang),授使持(chi)節、大將軍、都(dou)督河北諸(zhu)軍事、幽州(zhou)牧、大單于。咸(xian)康(kang)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(342年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),遷(qian)都(dou)于龍城(cheng)。永和(he)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(348年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝去(qu)世,享(xiang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)十二(er)歲(sui)。慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)儁(jun)稱帝(di)(di)后,追封(feng)(feng)皇(huang)帝(di)(di),謚號文明,廟(miao)號太(tai)(tai)祖。
慕容皝雄毅多(duo)權略(lve),崇尚漢文化。在位期間,平(ping)定內(nei)部叛亂,擊敗宇文部和段部鮮卑,擊退后(hou)趙進(jin)攻,攻破高(gao)句麗(li),威震北方地區,為日后(hou)前(qian)燕入主中原打下了堅(jian)實的(de)基(ji)礎。
西晉元康七年(297年),慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝出生,是鮮卑慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)部首領(ling)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)廆第三子,母為段夫人(ren)。
眉(mei)骨隆起(qi)有帝王之相,門牙寬闊整(zheng)齊,身高七尺八(ba)寸。雄俊(jun)剛毅,富(fu)有權謀策略,崇尚經學,擅長天文。慕(mu)容廆任遼(liao)東公時(shi),立慕(mu)容皝為世子。
建(jian)武初年(317年),授冠(guan)軍(jun)將軍(jun)、左(zuo)賢王,封為望平侯,帶(dai)領軍(jun)隊征(zheng)討(tao),屢(lv)建(jian)戰功。晉明帝太寧末年,授平北將軍(jun),進(jin)封朝鮮公。
東晉咸和八年(333年),慕容廆去世,慕容皝繼位,以平北將軍(jun)的身份(fen)兼任(ren)平州(zhou)刺史,總(zong)管部(bu)(bu)內(nei)。不(bu)久,宇文(wen)乞得龜遭到別(bie)部(bu)(bu)宇文(wen)逸豆歸驅逐,在(zai)外(wai)地奔(ben)走(zou)喪命,慕容皝帶領騎兵討伐宇文(wen)逸豆歸,宇文(wen)逸豆歸畏懼而請求講(jiang)和,于是筑(zhu)起榆(yu)陰(yin)、安晉二(er)城(cheng)而返回。
當初,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)的庶兄建(jian)威將(jiang)軍慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)翰為人驍勇,有雄武之才,一(yi)直受(shou)到(dao)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)的嫉(ji)恨。他(ta)(ta)的同母(mu)弟征虜將(jiang)軍慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)(ren)、廣武將(jiang)軍慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)昭(zhao)(zhao)都(dou)(dou)受(shou)到(dao)其父慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)廆的寵愛,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)心中也憤(fen)憤(fen)不平。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)廆死后(hou),他(ta)(ta)們都(dou)(dou)怕(pa)自(zi)己將(jiang)不能(neng)被慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)納。此時,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)翰出奔段遼,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)(ren)勸(quan)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)昭(zhao)(zhao)起兵廢(fei)黜慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)。于是慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)殺慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)昭(zhao)(zhao),并且派(pai)(pai)使者探(tan)查慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)(ren)的虛實,在險瀆(du)與(yu)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)(ren)遭遇。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)(ren)知(zhi)道事已敗露,殺了慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)的使者,向東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)回到(dao)平郭(guo)(今遼寧省熊岳(yue)市)。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)派(pai)(pai)遣其弟建(jian)武將(jiang)軍慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)幼、司馬(ma)佟壽(shou)等人討伐他(ta)(ta)。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)(ren)帶領全(quan)部人馬(ma)抵抗(kang),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)幼等大敗,都(dou)(dou)淪入敵手。襄平令王冰(bing)、將(jiang)軍孫機攜遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)反叛慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)夷校(xiao)尉封抽、護軍乙逸、遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)相韓矯(jiao)、玄菟太(tai)守高詡等棄城逃回。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)(ren)于是占有遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的全(quan)部土地,自(zi)稱車(che)騎將(jiang)軍、平州刺史(shi)、遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)公。宇文逸豆歸、段遼及鮮卑諸部都(dou)(dou)作為他(ta)(ta)的后(hou)援。
東晉咸和(he)九年(nian)(334年(nian)),慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)派遣司馬封弈到白狼(lang)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)打鮮卑(bei)酋(qiu)長木堤,揚威(wei)將軍淑虞在平(ping)岡攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)打烏丸悉羅侯(hou),把他(ta)(ta)們都斬(zhan)了。材官劉佩攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)打乙(yi)連,未能獲(huo)勝。段(duan)遼不久便劫掠徒河(今錦州市),慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)部將張萌(meng)迎(ying)戰,打敗了他(ta)(ta)們。段(duan)遼弟段(duan)蘭與慕(mu)容(rong)翰劫掠柳(liu)(liu)城(今朝陽市),被(bei)都尉石琮(cong)擊(ji)敗。十余天后,段(duan)蘭、慕(mu)容(rong)翰再次包圍柳(liu)(liu)城,慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)派寧遠將軍慕(mu)容(rong)汗和(he)封弈等(deng)人前(qian)往(wang)解救。慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)告誡慕(mu)容(rong)汗說:“賊兵(bing)人多氣盛(sheng),我們很難與他(ta)(ta)們一(yi)爭勝負,應該全面考慮,千(qian)(qian)萬不要輕易行動(dong),必須(xu)集中(zhong)兵(bing)力、整理陣容(rong),然(ran)后再進擊(ji)。”慕(mu)容(rong)汗性(xing)格勇(yong)猛敏銳,派千(qian)(qian)余騎兵(bing)作為(wei)前(qian)鋒而展開(kai)進攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),封弈制止(zhi)他(ta)(ta),慕(mu)容(rong)汗不聽從,被(bei)段(duan)蘭打敗,士兵(bing)死亡大(da)半(ban)。段(duan)蘭又進攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)柳(liu)(liu)城,造飛梯、挖地道,圍困二(er)十日,石琮(cong)親自率領將士出擊(ji),打敗了他(ta)(ta)們,斬(zhan)首一(yi)千(qian)(qian)五(wu)百級(ji),段(duan)蘭才(cai)逃回。
同年,晉成(cheng)帝派(pai)遣(qian)謁者徐孟、閭丘幸等(deng)持節授任(ren)(ren)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝為鎮軍(jun)大將軍(jun)、平州(zhou)刺史、大單(dan)于、遼東(dong)(dong)公,持節、都督、承制(zhi)封(feng)拜等(deng)事(shi)宜,都與先前(qian)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)廆時相同。慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝親自征討遼東(dong)(dong),攻克襄平,慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)仁(ren)所任(ren)(ren)命的居(ju)就(jiu)令劉程攜(xie)城歸降(jiang)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝,新(xin)昌人張衡也拘捕了縣(xian)(xian)宰投降(jiang)他。慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝斬殺了慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)仁(ren)所設(she)置(zhi)的地方(fang)官吏,把(ba)遼東(dong)(dong)大姓分遷到棘城,設(she)置(zhi)和陽、武次、西樂三縣(xian)(xian)而返回(hui)。
東晉(jin)咸康二年(336年),派(pai)封(feng)弈襲擊(ji)宇文別部(bu)涉奕于,大勝(sheng)而還。涉奕于率騎兵追擊(ji),在渾水(shui)交戰,又一次(ci)打敗了他們。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝將要(yao)從(cong)海(hai)道討伐(fa)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)仁,部(bu)將都(dou)勸諫他,說海(hai)道危(wei)險艱難,還是(shi)走陸路為宜。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝說:“以(yi)往海(hai)水(shui)不見冰凌,自慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)仁謀反以(yi)來(lai)(lai),已(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)次(ci)封(feng)凍。從(cong)前(qian)(qian)漢光(guang)武帝(di)憑借著(zhu)滹沱之冰成就了大業,上天或許想讓我(wo)乘此良機而擊(ji)敗他吧!我(wo)的(de)(de)主意(yi)已(yi)(yi)定,若有(you)(you)誰阻(zu)撓我(wo)的(de)(de)計謀就斬首!”便率領三(san)(san)軍從(cong)昌黎踏著(zhu)冰凌前(qian)(qian)進(jin)。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)仁沒有(you)(you)料到慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝的(de)(de)到來(lai)(lai),直(zhi)至三(san)(san)軍距離平郭七(qi)里時,了望偵察的(de)(de)騎兵才來(lai)(lai)報告(gao),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)仁狼(lang)狽出擊(ji),被慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝擒獲,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝殺了他而返回(hui)。在朝陽門東規劃(hua)好親自耕作(zuo)、勉勵農事的(de)(de)耕田(tian),設官司來(lai)(lai)主管此事。
東晉(jin)(jin)咸康二年(336年),段遼(liao)派(pai)部將李(li)詠(yong)夜襲武興(今(jin)河(he)北省遷(qian)安市(shi)),遇(yu)到(dao)(dao)雨天,撤回(hui),都尉(wei)張萌冒雨追擊,擒獲(huo)李(li)詠(yong)。段蘭(lan)擁有數(shu)萬士(shi)兵屯于曲水亭,打算攻打柳城(cheng),宇文逸(yi)豆歸(gui)入侵(qin)安晉(jin)(jin)(今(jin)遼(liao)陽市(shi)),作為(wei)段蘭(lan)的(de)(de)聲援。慕容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)率領(ling)五萬步騎迎(ying)擊,隊(dui)伍在柳城(cheng)宿(su)營,段蘭(lan)、宇文逸(yi)豆歸(gui)聞風(feng)而(er)逃。慕容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)派(pai)封弈帶輕騎追擊,打敗了他(ta)們,繳獲(huo)了他(ta)們軍中的(de)(de)資糧,在軍中居住就食,二十余天后(hou)返(fan)回(hui)。慕容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)對各位將領(ling)說(shuo):“二敵(di)為(wei)無功而(er)歸(gui)感到(dao)(dao)恥(chi)辱,一定會(hui)再次前來,我們應(ying)在柳城(cheng)左右(you)設下(xia)伏(fu)(fu)兵來等候他(ta)們。”派(pai)封弈帶領(ling)騎兵潛伏(fu)(fu)在馬兒山的(de)(de)各條道路上。不久,段遼(liao)的(de)(de)騎兵果然來到(dao)(dao),封弈兩路夾擊,大(da)獲(huo)全勝,殺了對方的(de)(de)將領(ling)榮保。派(pai)兼長史劉斌、郎中令陽景(jing)送徐孟(meng)等回(hui)京師。慕容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)派(pai)世子慕容(rong)儁討伐段遼(liao)的(de)(de)諸(zhu)處城(cheng)堡,派(pai)封弈攻打宇文別(bie)部,都大(da)勝而(er)返(fan)。
慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)又樹立(li)求諫言的(de)(de)(de)木柱,以廣開直言之路。東晉咸康三年(nian)(337年(nian)),遷徙到昌黎郡。三月,在乙(yi)連(lian)(lian)城(cheng)以東修(xiu)筑好城(cheng),派折(zhe)沖(chong)將軍(jun)(jun)蘭(lan)勃(bo)防守,以對乙(yi)連(lian)(lian)造成威(wei)脅。又在曲(qu)水筑城(cheng),作為蘭(lan)勃(bo)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)援(yuan)。乙(yi)連(lian)(lian)城(cheng)遭逢(feng)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)饑(ji)荒,四月,段(duan)遼(liao)使用數千輛車向乙(yi)連(lian)(lian)城(cheng)運糧,蘭(lan)勃(bo)伏擊攔劫得到了糧食(shi)。六月,段(duan)遼(liao)派堂弟揚(yang)威(wei)將軍(jun)(jun)屈云率領(ling)精銳(rui)騎兵乘夜間偷襲在興國城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)之子慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)遵(zun),與慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)遵(zun)在五官水上激(ji)戰,屈云戰敗,慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)遵(zun)斬了他(ta),把他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)士眾全部俘虜。
東(dong)晉咸(xian)康三年(nian)(337年(nian))九月(yue),鎮軍左(zuo)長史封弈等人認為(wei)(wei)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝責任重(zhong)而權(quan)位輕,應稱燕王,慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝采納(na)(na)。于(yu)是(shi)設置(zhi)各個官署(shu),任封弈為(wei)(wei)國相(xiang),韓壽(shou)為(wei)(wei)司(si)馬,裴(pei)開(kai)為(wei)(wei)奉(feng)常(chang)、陽(yang)騖(wu)為(wei)(wei)司(si)隸、王寓為(wei)(wei)太仆、李(li)洪(hong)為(wei)(wei)大理、杜群(qun)為(wei)(wei)納(na)(na)言令、宋(song)該、劉瞻、石琮為(wei)(wei)常(chang)伯(bo)、皇甫真(zhen)、陽(yang)協為(wei)(wei)冗騎常(chang)侍、宋(song)晃、平熙(xi)、張(zhang)泓(hong)為(wei)(wei)將(jiang)軍,封裕(yu)為(wei)(wei)記室監。
同(tong)年十(shi)月,慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)即燕王位,史(shi)稱前(qian)燕,并實行大赦。修建文昌殿,乘坐以黃金為飾(shi)的根車,用六匹馬駕車,出入要清道(dao)警戒(jie)。十(shi)一月,追尊(zun)父親武(wu)宣公慕(mu)容(rong)廆為武(wu)宣王,母親段(duan)氏(shi)稱為武(wu)宣后(hou)。又(you)立(li)自己的夫人段(duan)氏(shi)為王后(hou),冊(ce)立(li)世子(zi)慕(mu)容(rong)儁為王太子(zi),一切如(ru)同(tong)魏武(wu)帝曹操、晉文帝司馬昭輔(fu)政時(shi)一樣。
東晉咸康三年(nian)(337年(nian)),慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)因(yin)段遼(liao)常成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)邊境的禍患(huan),派揚烈將(jiang)軍宋(song)回向(xiang)后(hou)趙石虎稱臣,請求出兵(bing)討伐(fa)段遼(liao)。自言將(jiang)率領國(guo)內所有士眾會(hui)(hui)同討伐(fa),并讓自己的兄弟寧遠將(jiang)軍慕(mu)容(rong)汗到后(hou)趙當人質。后(hou)趙王石虎大為(wei)(wei)(wei)喜(xi)悅(yue),盛情撫尉、酬答,謝絕慕(mu)容(rong)汗為(wei)(wei)(wei)人質,遣(qian)送(song)他返回,與慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)秘密約定第二(er)年(nian)會(hui)(hui)合。
東晉(jin)咸康四(si)(si)年(338年),石虎率士卒而(er)至。慕(mu)容皝(huang)率諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軍攻(gong)打段(duan)(duan)遼的令(ling)支(zhi)以北(bei)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)城,段(duan)(duan)遼派(pai)部(bu)將(jiang)(jiang)段(duan)(duan)蘭抵抗,雙方(fang)大戰(zhan),段(duan)(duan)蘭戰(zhan)敗,慕(mu)容皝(huang)軍隊斬殺敵人首級數(shu)千,擄(lu)掠五千余戶而(er)回。石虎到了徐無(wu),段(duan)(duan)遼逃往密云(yun)山。石虎進入(ru)令(ling)支(zhi),因慕(mu)容皝(huang)不來會師而(er)發怒,進軍攻(gong)打,直至棘城,數(shu)十萬軍士四(si)(si)面進攻(gong),慕(mu)容皝(huang)所轄(xia)郡縣各部(bu)有三(san)十六城反叛(pan)慕(mu)容皝(huang)而(er)歸順(shun)石虎。雙方(fang)相持十多天(tian),諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)勸(quan)慕(mu)容皝(huang)投(tou)(tou)降。慕(mu)容皝(huang)說:“我(wo)剛取得天(tian)下,怎(zen)能投(tou)(tou)降呢(ni)!”派(pai)其(qi)子慕(mu)容恪(ke)等帶(dai)領二千騎(qi)兵,清晨(chen)出城攻(gong)擊圍城部(bu)隊。石虎諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軍驚(jing)恐混亂(luan),丟鑒(jian)棄甲(jia)而(er)逃。慕(mu)容恪(ke)乘勝追擊,斬殺俘(fu)獲(huo)三(san)萬余人,筑凡城(今遼寧(ning)省喀左縣)設下防守(shou)而(er)還。段(duan)(duan)遼派(pai)使者向石虎詐稱(cheng)投(tou)(tou)降,請求出兵接(jie)應。石虎派(pai)將(jiang)(jiang)領麻秋(qiu)率眾(zhong)迎(ying)接(jie)段(duan)(duan)遼,慕(mu)容恪(ke)在密云(yun)山埋伏了七(qi)千精銳(rui)的騎(qi)兵,大敗敵軍,擒獲(huo)司(si)馬陽(yang)裕(yu)、將(jiang)(jiang)軍鮮(xian)于亮,裹挾段(duan)(duan)遼及(ji)其(qi)部(bu)眾(zhong)返(fan)回。
晉成帝(di)又派(pai)使者來進(jin)封(feng)慕(mu)容皝為征北大將(jiang)(jiang)軍、幽州牧,兼(jian)平州刺(ci)史(shi),加(jia)散騎常侍,增(zeng)加(jia)一萬戶(hu)食邑,持節(jie)、都督(du)、單(dan)于、公爵(jue)位依舊。慕(mu)容皝前軍帥慕(mu)容評(ping)在(zai)遼西打敗了石(shi)虎(hu)將(jiang)(jiang)石(shi)成等,斬殺將(jiang)(jiang)領呼延晃、張支(zhi),劫(jie)掠一千余戶(hu)而歸。段遼陰謀反叛,慕(mu)容皝將(jiang)(jiang)其誅殺。咸康五年(339年),石(shi)虎(hu)又派(pai)石(shi)成入(ru)侵(qin)攻(gong)(gong)打凡(fan)城(cheng)(cheng),未能攻(gong)(gong)克,進(jin)兵攻(gong)(gong)陷廣(guang)城(cheng)(cheng)。
東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)咸康(kang)六年(nian)(340年(nian)),慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)因自稱燕王未受東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)朝命,派(pai)長史劉翔向建康(kang)獻(xian)捷,兼求假燕王璽綬,又請(qing)大(da)舉出兵平定中原(yuan)。不(bu)(bu)過當時朝廷議論(lun)未肯容讓慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)稱王。此時慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)得(de)知庾亮去世(shi),其弟庾冰及庾翼分掌朝廷中樞及荊州要地(di),于(yu)是上書要晉(jin)(jin)成(cheng)帝以史為鑒(jian),親近賢(xian)達,不(bu)(bu)要親信外戚。又寫信給庾冰,指責他掌握朝權(quan),卻未能(neng)為國雪恥,只“安枕逍(xiao)遙,雅(ya)談(tan)卒(zu)歲”。庾冰知道(dao)慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)的(de)上表(biao)和書信后十分恐(kong)懼,自以道(dao)遠而不(bu)(bu)能(neng)控制他,于(yu)是奏請(qing)順應慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)的(de)請(qing)求。慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)被(bei)東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)封為使持節(jie)、大(da)將軍(jun)(jun)、都督河北(bei)諸軍(jun)(jun)事、幽州牧(mu)、大(da)單于(yu),燕王。
同年(nian)(nian)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)伐高(gao)句(ju)麗,高(gao)句(ju)麗王(wang)高(gao)釗(zhao)請求結盟而還。第二年(nian)(nian),高(gao)釗(zhao)派(pai)遣其世子(zi)(zi)朝拜慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)。當初(chu),段遼失敗時,建威將軍慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)投奔了宇文逸豆歸,自認為一貫以(yi)威武(wu)名(ming)揚四(si)方,卻終未保全,便佯裝瘋癲,放(fang)縱飲酒,披(pi)頭散發長(chang)歌短呼。宇文逸豆歸因(yin)信任他(ta)而不(bu)加(jia)禁(jin)止,所(suo)以(yi)他(ta)得以(yi)自由周游,以(yi)至于山(shan)川(chuan)地形,攻戰要(yao)路(lu),無不(bu)熟(shu)悉于心。慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)派(pai)商人王(wang)車(che)(che)暗(an)中觀察(cha)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han),慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)見到王(wang)車(che)(che)后默(mo)默(mo)無言(yan),只是撫拍胸脯(fu)。王(wang)車(che)(che)回(hui)來把這些情況報(bao)告給(gei)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang),慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)說:“慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)想到我們(men)這里來啊(a)。”就派(pai)王(wang)車(che)(che)給(gei)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)送去弓矢,慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)盜得宇文逸豆歸的駿馬(ma),帶著他(ta)的兩個兒子(zi)(zi)逃(tao)了回(hui)來。
慕容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)將(jiang)攻(gong)取后趙,冷(leng)靜地對各位將(jiang)領(ling)說:“石虎自(zi)認(ren)為樂安(an)諸城防守(shou)嚴密,城之南(nan)北(bei)必不(bu)設防,如(ru)果出其不(bu)意從(cong)小路出擊,冀州北(bei)部土地可以全(quan)部攻(gong)占。”于是率領(ling)二萬騎兵出蠮螉鐘,長驅到達薊城,進(jin)(jin)兵渡過武遂津(jin),進(jin)(jin)入高陽,所過之處焚燒財物,劫掠遷徙幽(you)、冀三萬余戶。慕容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)又派(pai)陽裕、唐(tang)柱等人修筑龍(long)城,建造宮廟(miao),改柳城為龍(long)城縣(xian)。此時晉成(cheng)帝(di)司馬(ma)衍派(pai)兼(jian)大鴻臚(lu)郭(guo)希(xi)持節授(shou)慕容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)為侍中(zhong)、大都督河北(bei)諸軍事、大將(jiang)軍、燕王,其余官職如(ru)故。分封功臣百余人。
東晉咸(xian)康七年(341年),慕容皝遷(qian)都龍城(今(jin)遼寧省(sheng)朝陽市)。率領(ling)四萬(wan)精兵強將,自南陜而入討伐(fa)宇文部、高句麗,又派慕容翰(han)及其子(zi)慕容垂擔(dan)任前鋒,派長史王寓等統領(ling)一萬(wan)五千士眾,從(cong)北置而進。
高(gao)(gao)句麗王高(gao)(gao)釗(zhao)以(yi)為慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)軍(jun)從北路進犯,便派(pai)其弟高(gao)(gao)武統(tong)率五萬(wan)精兵(bing)在北置抵抗(kang),自己帶著弱(ruo)卒防守南陜。慕(mu)容(rong)翰與高(gao)(gao)釗(zhao)在木底交戰(zhan),大敗高(gao)(gao)釗(zhao)軍(jun),乘勝攻入高(gao)(gao)句麗都城丸都,高(gao)(gao)釗(zhao)單槍匹馬而逃。慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)掘開高(gao)(gao)釗(zhao)父親高(gao)(gao)乙弗利的(de)墓穴(xue),用車載著尸體(ti)及其母妻和(he)珍寶,劫掠了(le)五萬(wan)余男女百姓,焚燒掉高(gao)(gao)釗(zhao)的(de)宮室,毀(hui)滅了(le)丸都而歸。
第二年(342年),高釗派遣使者向慕(mu)容(rong)皝稱臣(chen),貢(gong)獻(xian)地(di)方(fang)特產等各類財物,慕(mu)容(rong)皝才(cai)把他父(fu)親的尸體(ti)歸(gui)還給他。
宇(yu)文逸豆歸(gui)派遣國相(xiang)莫(mo)淺渾(hun)討伐(fa)慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang),諸(zhu)將請求應戰,慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)不答應。莫(mo)淺渾(hun)以為(wei)慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)害怕自己,便(bian)沉(chen)溺在(zai)縱(zong)酒田獵之中,不再(zai)設防。慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)說:“莫(mo)淺渾(hun)奢侈怠惰已到了極點,現在(zai)我們可(ke)以一戰了。”派慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)翰(han)帶(dai)領(ling)騎兵進擊,莫(mo)淺渾(hun)大敗,僥(jiao)幸只(zhi)身脫逃,慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)翰(han)全部俘(fu)虜了他的士卒(zu)。慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)巡視郡縣,勸勉考核(he)農事,建(jian)起龍(long)城宮(gong)闕(que)。
建(jian)元二年(344年),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝又率領(ling)二萬騎兵討伐宇文(wen)逸(yi)(yi)豆歸(gui)(gui),以(yi)(yi)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)翰(han)及慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)垂作(zuo)(zuo)為前(qian)鋒。宇文(wen)逸(yi)(yi)豆歸(gui)(gui)指使他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)騎兵將領(ling)涉(she)奕(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帶領(ling)全部(bu)(bu)人(ren)馬抵擋慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)翰(han),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝速(su)派(pai)人(ren)對(dui)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)翰(han)說:“涉(she)奕(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)勇武(wu)強悍,應(ying)該稍(shao)稍(shao)回避,等(deng)到(dao)他(ta)(ta)們滋(zi)長(chang)了(le)驕(jiao)氣(qi),然后攻(gong)克他(ta)(ta)們。”慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)翰(han)說:“宇文(wen)逸(yi)(yi)豆歸(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)精銳(rui)(rui)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui),全部(bu)(bu)在(zai)此(ci),現在(zai)如果戰勝(sheng)他(ta)(ta)們,我們可以(yi)(yi)不費(fei)兵力(li)就滅掉宇文(wen)部(bu)(bu)。涉(she)奕(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)徒(tu)有(you)虛(xu)名,其(qi)(qi)實容(rong)易攻(gong)取(qu),不應(ying)放縱(zong)敵(di)人(ren)而挫(cuo)傷我們士(shi)兵的(de)(de)銳(rui)(rui)氣(qi)。”于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是前(qian)行交戰,斬了(le)涉(she)奕(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),全部(bu)(bu)俘虜他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)士(shi)兵,宇文(wen)逸(yi)(yi)豆歸(gui)(gui)遠逃大漠以(yi)(yi)北(bei)。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝得到(dao)千余里土地,把他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)人(ren)五萬余戶遷徙到(dao)昌黎,改涉(she)奕(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)為威德(de)城(cheng)。舉行祭(ji)告(gao)宗廟(miao)并飲酒慶功(gong)的(de)(de)典禮(li),論功(gong)行賞(shang)各有(you)等(deng)級(ji)。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝把牧牛分(fen)給貧苦人(ren)家(jia)(jia)(jia),在(zai)皇(huang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)園林中耕作(zuo)(zuo),公(gong)(gong)家(jia)(jia)(jia)收(shou)取(qu)其(qi)(qi)八分(fen),其(qi)(qi)余的(de)(de)二分(fen)收(shou)成(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)私家(jia)(jia)(jia)所有(you)。有(you)牛而無地的(de)(de)人(ren)家(jia)(jia)(jia),也在(zai)苑中耕作(zuo)(zuo),公(gong)(gong)家(jia)(jia)(jia)收(shou)取(qu)七成(cheng),三成(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)私家(jia)(jia)(jia)。
東(dong)晉(jin)永和元年(nian)(nian)(345年(nian)(nian)),慕容皝令(ling)其(qi)子(zi)慕容恪攻(gong)高句麗的南蘇,攻(gong)克(ke)南蘇,設守所(suo)而返回。同(tong)年(nian)(nian),慕容皝以“古者諸(zhu)侯即位,各(ge)稱元年(nian)(nian)”為由,停用東(dong)晉(jin)年(nian)(nian)號(hao),自稱“十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)”。永和三年(nian)(nian)(347年(nian)(nian)),慕容皝派其(qi)世子(zi)慕容儁(jun)與慕容恪帶(dai)領(ling)一萬七(qi)千名騎兵東(dong)襲夫(fu)余(yu),將其(qi)攻(gong)克(ke),俘虜了夫(fu)余(yu)王及其(qi)部眾五(wu)萬余(yu)口而返回。
慕容皝親(qin)臨東(dong)庠考核學生,精通(tong)經籍成績優(you)異的(de)人,提拔他們補充近侍。因長期干(gan)旱,免除百姓田租。取消成周、冀(ji)陽、營丘等郡(jun)。以勃海人設(she)興(xing)集縣(xian),河間人設(she)寧(ning)集縣(xian),廣平、魏郡(jun)人設(she)興(xing)平縣(xian),東(dong)萊(lai)、北海人設(she)育(yu)黎縣(xian),吳(wu)人設(she)吳(wu)縣(xian),都隸屬(shu)燕(yan)國(guo)。
東晉(jin)永和四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(348年(nian)(nian)(nian))九月,慕容皝(huang)在西部邊(bian)境狩獵,看見一(yi)只白兔,馳馬射箭(jian),馬倒人傷。慕容皝(huang)乘輦車回宮,召見慕容儁(jun)等托付后事(shi),不久慕容皝(huang)去世,共在位十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian),時(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)五十(shi)(shi)二歲,謚號文(wen)明(ming)王。其(qi)子慕容儁(jun)稱帝(di)后,追謚慕容皝(huang)為文(wen)明(ming)皇帝(di),廟(miao)號太祖,葬于龍(long)平陵(ling)。
慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)可以稱得上是位(wei)有雄才大(da)略的政治家和能(neng)攻善戰的軍事(shi)家。他不斷的攻城掠地,統一北方,并不是為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)偏安一隅,而是為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)入主中原,圖謀霸(ba)權。東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)咸康三(san)年(nian)(337年(nian)),慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)派(pai)劉(liu)翔(xiang)(xiang)到建康,請東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)朝(chao)廷加封(feng)他為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)燕王,并邀晉(jin)(jin)兵(bing)北上夾攻后趙石虎。不久,東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)朝(chao)廷封(feng)慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)燕王、大(da)單(dan)于(yu)。雄心(xin)勃(bo)勃(bo)、手握重(zhong)兵(bing)的慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)暫時接(jie)受了(le)東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)王朝(chao)的封(feng)號(hao),并以燕為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國號(hao),拜封(feng)奕為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)相國,韓壽為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司馬,劉(liu)翔(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長史。
咸康七(qi)年(nian)(341年(nian)),因“柳城(cheng)之北(bei),龍山(shan)之西(xi),福地(di)也,乃建龍城(cheng)”,并于翌年(nian)從(cong)大(da)棘城(cheng)遷都(dou)于龍城(cheng)。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)聯合后趙(zhao)石虎討伐另一支(zhi)鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)部(bu)族(zu)段遼(liao)氏。段遼(liao)氏覆滅(mie)后,后趙(zhao)石虎前來攻打慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)氏,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)奮力反擊,率大(da)將(jiang)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)恪、慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)根大(da)破后趙(zhao)石虎軍,斬首(shou)(shou)三萬余(yu),從(cong)而(er)(er)為他統(tong)一鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)各(ge)部(bu)奠定了基(ji)礎。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)又任(ren)命慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)翰為先(xian)鋒(feng),他自統(tong)三軍,首(shou)(shou)先(xian)出(chu)兵高(gao)句麗(li),避實就虛(xu),從(cong)高(gao)句麗(li)防守薄弱(ruo)的南道出(chu)擊,直搗高(gao)句麗(li)國府丸都(dou)城(cheng)(今吉林集(ji)安),打得高(gao)句麗(li)王(wang)措手(shou)(shou)不及。燕(yan)軍搶掠民眾五萬余(yu)人(ren),焚毀丸都(dou),得勝而(er)(er)回(hui)。高(gao)句麗(li)始臣(chen)服于燕(yan)。接著(zhu)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)仍以慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)翰為先(xian)鋒(feng)揮師北(bei)上,直搗鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)宇文(wen)氏都(dou)城(cheng),把那(nei)里的畜產資貨(huo)劫掠一空(kong),并遷宇文(wen)部(bu)民眾五萬余(yu)人(ren)到(dao)昌黎定居。從(cong)此(ci)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)把鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)各(ge)部(bu)牢(lao)牢(lao)掌握在手(shou)(shou)中,鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)各(ge)部(bu)首(shou)(shou)領(ling)都(dou)聽命于慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)氏,成為慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)氏的部(bu)屬。
慕容(rong)皝注重農(nong)(nong)桑,發展經濟,下令所有移民(min)和流民(min)都實行屯田(tian),由國家發給(gei)耕牛(niu),鼓(gu)勵農(nong)(nong)民(min)耕田(tian),并輕(qing)徭(yao)薄賦,使農(nong)(nong)民(min)得以休養生息。短短十幾年(nian)時間,前(qian)燕的經濟得到了長足的發展。
慕容皝賜大臣子弟中為官(guan)學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)稱高門生(sheng),在舊(jiu)宮建立東庠,用(yong)以舉行射箭(jian)飲酒的(de)禮儀。每月親臨視察(cha),考察(cha)優劣(lie)。慕容皝非常喜(xi)愛文籍,勤于(yu)講授,學(xue)徒甚眾,達一千余人。親自撰《太上(shang)章(zhang)》以取代《急(ji)就》,又著《典誡》十(shi)五(wu)篇,教(jiao)授貴(gui)族子弟。
陽裕:“皝(huang)令德之主(zhu)。”
房玄(xuan)齡(ling)《晉書》:①“元真體(ti)貌不恒,暗(an)符天表(biao),沈毅(yi)自處,頗(po)懷奇略(lve)。于(yu)(yu)時群雄角立,爭(zheng)奪在辰,顯宗主祭(ji)于(yu)(yu)沖(chong)年,庾亮竊政于(yu)(yu)元舅,朝(chao)綱不振,天步(bu)孔艱,遂得據已成之資,乘土崩之會。揚兵南(nan)矛騖(wu),則烏丸卷甲(jia);建旆東征,則宇(yu)文摧陣。乃負(fu)險(xian)自固,恃(shi)勝而驕,端拱稱王,不待朝(chao)命,昔鄭武職居三事,爵不改伯;齊桓績宣九合,位止為侯。瞻曩烈(lie)而功微,征前經(jing)(jing)而禮縟,溪(xi)壑難(nan)滿,此(ci)之謂乎?”;②“龍顏版齒(chi),身(shen)長七尺八(ba)寸。雄毅(yi)多權略(lve),尚經(jing)(jing)學(xue),善(shan)天文。”
龍(long)山出現白龍(long)、黑龍(long)各一(yi)條,慕(mu)容皝(huang)親(qin)自(zi)率(lv)領群僚去觀(guan)賞,在(zai)距離龍(long)二百余步的地(di)方,用太牢祭祀。二龍(long)龍(long)首相(xiang)交(jiao),嬉(xi)戲(xi)飛翔,脫角(jiao)而去。慕(mu)容皝(huang)十(shi)分高(gao)興,返(fan)回宮內(nei),赦(she)免境內(nei)囚犯,把新宮命名為(wei)和龍(long)宮,在(zai)山上建起龍(long)翔佛寺。
永和四年(348年),慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)在(zai)西(xi)部邊境狩(shou)獵,將要渡河(he)時(shi),見到一(yi)位老(lao)(lao)者,身(shen)著紅(hong)衣,騎著白馬(ma)(ma),舉手(shou)向慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)揮動說:“這(zhe)里不(bu)是(shi)打獵的場所,王還是(shi)回去吧。”慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)對這(zhe)件事密(mi)而(er)不(bu)宣,于是(shi)渡河(he),連日獵獲極多。后來見到一(yi)只白兔,馳馬(ma)(ma)射箭,馬(ma)(ma)倒(dao)人傷,慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)才說出見到老(lao)(lao)者一(yi)事。于是(shi)乘(cheng)輦車回宮,不(bu)久(jiu)慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)便去世了。
父母
父(fu)親:前(qian)燕武(wu)宣帝慕容廆。
母親:段夫人。
同輩
哥哥
慕(mu)容翰(han),慕(mu)容皝(huang)異母(mu)兄(xiong)。
弟弟
慕容(rong)仁,慕容(rong)皝同母弟。
慕(mu)容昭,慕(mu)容皝(huang)同母(mu)弟(di)。
慕容(rong)幼,慕容(rong)皝異母弟。
慕容稚,慕容皝異母弟。
慕容軍,慕容皝異母(mu)弟(di)。
慕容汗,慕容皝異母弟。
慕容評。
慕容彪。
妹妹
慕容氏,北魏(wei)昭成帝拓跋(ba)什翼犍妃子。
后妃
段皇后。
高氏。
蘭淑儀。
公孫夫人。
子女
兒子
慕容交。
慕容(rong)儁,慕容(rong)皝次子,前(qian)燕景明帝。
慕容遵(慕容逮),封臨賀王。
慕容恪,慕容皝四子,封太(tai)原王。
慕容垂(慕容霸),慕容皝五子,后燕武成帝(di)。
慕(mu)容友(you),封范陽王。
慕容厲(li),封下(xia)邳王。
慕容度,封(feng)樂浪王。
慕容宜,封廬江王。
慕容桓(huan),封宜都王。
慕容(rong)徽,封河間王。
慕容龍,封歷陽王(wang)。
慕容納,封北海王。
慕容秀,封蘭陵王。
慕容岳,封安豐王。
慕容(rong)德,南燕獻武帝。
慕容默,封始安公。
慕容僂(lou),封南康公。
慕容宇。
慕容(rong)宙(zhou),封章武王。
女兒
昭成皇后慕容(rong)氏,北魏昭成帝拓跋(ba)什翼犍的(de)皇后,生北魏獻(xian)明帝拓跋(ba)寔(shi)、秦明王拓跋(ba)翰。
《十(shi)六國春(chun)秋·卷三·前燕錄》
《晉書·卷一百九(jiu)·載記(ji)第九(jiu)》