祺祥重寶(bao)(bao)是一枚古代(dai)錢幣，鑄(zhu)于清穆宗初登基(ji)時(1861年)。時值載垣、肅順(shun)八大(da)臣(chen)奉詔(zhao)輔(fu)政，即改元祺祥，并鑄(zhu)祺祥通寶(bao)(bao)與祺祥重寶(bao)(bao)當十錢。
祺(qi)祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶錢徑約(yue)3．5厘米(mi)，重(zhong)(zhong)12．5克左右。錢面文(wen)(wen)(wen)字“祺(qi)祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶”以(yi)(yi)楷書(shu)書(shu)寫，其文(wen)(wen)(wen)字從上而下(xia)而右而左直(zhi)讀。錢背(bei)(bei)穿孔(kong)(kong)左右為滿文(wen)(wen)(wen)的“寶泉”或“寶源(yuan)”二(er)局名稱。穿孔(kong)(kong)上下(xia)是漢文(wen)(wen)(wen)的記值(zhi)"當十"二(er)字。出于"祺(qi)祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶"鑄后不(bu)久，慈禧太后攝政便改元“同治”，祺(qi)祥(xiang)通(tong)(tong)寶也便不(bu)準通(tong)(tong)行，因而傳于今世甚少。祺(qi)祥(xiang)通(tong)(tong)寶還鑄有合背(bei)(bei)，以(yi)(yi)及"祺(qi)祥(xiang)"、"同治"異號合背(bei)(bei)錢。
祺祥(xiang)(xiang)是同(tong)治(zhi)皇(huang)帝第一個年(nian)號，當時(shi)提出時(shi)即有大臣因(yin)(yin)“祺”“祥(xiang)(xiang)”兩字意思相近(jin)而(er)(er)持(chi)反對(dui)意見，后(hou)(hou)因(yin)(yin)慈禧太(tai)后(hou)(hou)發動辛(xin)酉政變而(er)(er)廢(fei)止(zhi)，僅存60天。所鑄多為樣幣，流通幣幾乎全(quan)部收回損毀(hui)殆(dai)盡。
清咸豐十一年(nian)七(qi)月二十六日鼓鑄(zhu)(zhu)，還未發(fa)行，十月五日即被勒令廢(fei)除，鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣(bi)回(hui)爐(lu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)為"同治"錢(qian)（1861年(nian)).與(yu)祺(qi)祥通寶一起(qi)并稱為中(zhong)國壽命最(zui)短的(de)錢(qian)幣(bi)。
“祺(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)”年(nian)號(hao)定于(yu)咸豐十(shi)一年(nian)七月二十(shi)六日(ri)，廢于(yu)同年(nian)十(shi)月五日(ri)，短短六十(shi)九天，是我(wo)國歷史上少(shao)有(you)的短命(ming)年(nian)號(hao)。而(er)祺(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)錢(qian)也因此而(er)鑄行(xing)時間短促，尚(shang)未流通(tong)，就被(bei)廢行(xing)了，因而(er)傳世甚少(shao)，極難見(jian)到。祺(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)錢(qian)分“祺(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)通(tong)寶(bao)”和“祺(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)寶(bao)”，僅(jin)有(you)寶(bao)泉局、寶(bao)源局、寶(bao)云局、寶(bao)蘇(su)局有(you)鑄。“祺(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)通(tong)寶(bao)”徑(jing)約2.7厘米，重(zhong)一錢(qian)二分，面文楷書，順(shun)讀。“祺(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)”重(zhong)寶(bao)“徑(jing)約3.5厘米，重(zhong)七錢(qian)四分，為當(dang)十(shi)錢(qian)，此錢(qian)做工較(jiao)(jiao)精整美觀，因存世較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)為收(shou)藏者(zhe)重(zhong)視。
同治(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)因鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)虧損等(deng)原因，鑄(zhu)行很不正常，時(shi)(shi)鑄(zhu)時(shi)(shi)停，現常見(jian)約有(you)(you)(you)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)泉(quan)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)源、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)蘇、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)浙、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)昌、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)川、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)桂、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)直、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)云、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)東等(deng)局錢(qian)(qian)，其(qi)余皆少(shao)(shao)見(jian)或僅(jin)見(jian)樣錢(qian)(qian)。同治(zhi)年間僅(jin)鑄(zhu)行了當十以(yi)下大錢(qian)(qian)，開鑄(zhu)的(de)(de)錢(qian)(qian)局有(you)(you)(you)：寶(bao)(bao)(bao)源、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)泉(quan)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)云、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏和(he)新疆(jiang)阿克(ke)蘇等(deng)局，大小輕重也(ye)不一，新疆(jiang)局及(ji)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏局曾(ceng)鑄(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)當五錢(qian)(qian)，新疆(jiang)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)伊局有(you)(you)(you)當四錢(qian)(qian)。同治(zhi)時(shi)(shi)期本就(jiu)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)不多(duo)，民間又普遍使用白銀，而且(qie)外國機(ji)制銀元的(de)(de)輸入頗多(duo)，且(qie)成色制度(du)均有(you)(you)(you)保證，使用頗方便，故而銅錢(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)使用也(ye)就(jiu)日見(jian)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)了。
寶源局(ju)祺祥(xiang)重寶當十(shi)銅(tong)錢。直徑3.48厘米，重18.9克(ke)。面文(wen)“祺祥(xiang)重寶”；背(bei)面穿上下為漢文(wen)紀(ji)值“當十(shi)”二字，左(zuo)右為滿文(wen)錢局(ju)“寶源”二字。
祺祥重寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)與同(tong)(tong)治重寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的合(he)背(bei)錢。直(zhi)徑3.5厘米，重16.6克。面文(wen)同(tong)(tong)樣為(wei)“祺祥重寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”；背(bei)文(wen)為(wei)“同(tong)(tong)治重寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”。“祺祥重寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”中的“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”字為(wei)“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”；“同(tong)(tong)治重寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”中的“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”字為(wei)“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”。
兩枚錢幣(bi)(bi)均闊緣(yuan)無銹，內(nei)郭(guo)穿口(kou)具有清代錢幣(bi)(bi)特征，面文(wen)(wen)和背文(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)端(duan)莊嚴整，銅(tong)質細膩，色澤(ze)金黃(huang)，鑄(zhu)造(zao)精良(liang)，保存良(liang)好，令人百看不厭。根據《清史》記載，當(dang)為(wei)用(yong)上(shang)等的云南(nan)黃(huang)銅(tong)鑄(zhu)造(zao)。
清代自(zi)順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)登基(ji)（1644）始到宣(xuan)統退位（1911）止，一(yi)共(gong)經歷順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)、康熙、雍(yong)正(zheng)、乾隆、嘉慶(qing)、道光、咸豐、同治(zhi)、光緒、宣(xuan)統10代，也就是(shi)說出了(le)10位皇帝。按清制每(mei)朝只鑄一(yi)個(ge)年(nian)號錢幣，本應(ying)10個(ge)，然而歷史上卻發行了(le)11個(ge)年(nian)號的方孔制錢，這多出的一(yi)個(ge)便是(shi)“祺祥”年(nian)號錢。這就涉及“祺祥”年(nian)號錢誕生(sheng)(sheng)和消(xiao)亡的歷史背景——“祺祥政變”（因為發生(sheng)(sheng)在辛(xin)酉(you)年(nian)，又稱“辛(xin)酉(you)政變”）。
咸豐十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1861）七月(yue)，咸豐帝(di)在熱河(he)避(bi)暑(shu)山莊病逝，以肅(su)順為首的(de)(de)(de)八位大(da)臣按遺詔，以顧(gu)命大(da)臣身(shen)份主(zhu)宰朝政(zheng)，擁(yong)輔年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)僅(jin)6歲(sui)的(de)(de)(de)載(zai)淳太子繼位，商定次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)改(gai)用(yong)寓意吉祥(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)”新年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)號，并下(xia)令鑄(zhu)造了“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)通寶”、“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重寶”制(zhi)錢。然而他們的(de)(de)(de)所作(zuo)所為，使權(quan)欲熏心的(de)(de)(de)西宮(gong)太后(hou)慈(ci)禧極度恐慌，她聯手東宮(gong)太后(hou)慈(ci)安(an)，暗中(zhong)勾結(jie)恭親王奕?，回京(jing)后(hou)于9月(yue)30日突然發動(dong)宮(gong)廷政(zheng)變，迅速捕殺了肅(su)順、載(zai)垣(yuan)、端華等人(ren)。慈(ci)禧太后(hou)以輔助(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)幼皇帝(di)、一(yi)同(tong)治(zhi)政(zheng)為名，宣布垂簾聽政(zheng)，廢除“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)”年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)號，改(gai)為“同(tong)治(zhi)”年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)號。新鑄(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)”錢幣被迅速回爐改(gai)鑄(zhu)“同(tong)治(zhi)”錢幣。“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)”年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)號錢由誕生到消亡，前后(hou)僅(jin)有短短的(de)(de)(de)幾十天時間。
正(zheng)因為(wei)“祺祥”年(nian)號錢(qian)(qian)發(fa)行時(shi)間短暫，因此存(cun)世量極少。孫仲匯著《錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)辭典》載：“祺祥通寶(bao)、祺祥重(zhong)寶(bao)：咸(xian)豐十一年(nian)（1861）鑄，通寶(bao)小平有(you)寶(bao)泉、寶(bao)源、寶(bao)云、寶(bao)蘇、寶(bao)鞏(gong)五局，后(hou)三種極罕。重(zhong)寶(bao)當(dang)十有(you)寶(bao)泉、寶(bao)源、寶(bao)鞏(gong)三局。寶(bao)泉局極少。”因此，盡管“祺祥”年(nian)號錢(qian)(qian)距今(jin)時(shi)間不長，物以稀(xi)為(wei)貴，像許(xu)多年(nian)代久(jiu)遠(yuan)的古錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)一樣，被錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)收藏(zang)家視(shi)為(wei)珍(zhen)品。
如果說寶(bao)(bao)源局(ju)祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)當十銅錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)比(bi)較(jiao)珍貴，那么祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)與(yu)同(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)背(bei)(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)則更加珍貴。所(suo)謂合(he)(he)(he)背(bei)(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，是(shi)指誤用(yong)二件面(mian)范（鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)模具中的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)模）鑄(zhu)成的(de)(de)(de)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，雙(shuang)面(mian)均有錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)文；大(da)多出自各(ge)個朝代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)中晚期，是(shi)我國古錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)幣中出現的(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊現象，也是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)稀少的(de)(de)(de)版別，受到(dao)(dao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)幣收藏家的(de)(de)(de)普遍重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)。祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)與(yu)同(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)合(he)(he)(he)背(bei)(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)同(tong)樣受到(dao)(dao)華(hua)光(guang)(guang)普等錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)幣收藏家的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)。一般(ban)認為，其正(zheng)、背(bei)(bei)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)年號不同(tong)，是(shi)由于“祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)”錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)改(gai)鑄(zhu)“同(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)時(shi)，因時(shi)間倉促，鑄(zhu)量劇(ju)增，鑄(zhu)工在(zai)操作忙亂中出現誤用(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)范，或有意用(yong)錯錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)范。加上檢查不嚴，錯范的(de)(de)(de)祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)與(yu)同(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)合(he)(he)(he)背(bei)(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)便流入了(le)市場。這正(zheng)是(shi)清朝晚期政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沒落，吏治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腐敗，綱(gang)紀松弛，錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)法混亂的(de)(de)(de)體現。祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)與(yu)同(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)合(he)(he)(he)背(bei)(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)和寶(bao)(bao)源局(ju)祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)當十銅錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一道，共同(tong)見證了(le)刀光(guang)(guang)劍(jian)影、陰(yin)險黑暗(an)的(de)(de)(de)清末宮廷政(zheng)變(bian)，“以(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)證史(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要意義(yi)得到(dao)(dao)彰顯。
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