祺(qi)祥(xiang)重寶是一(yi)枚古代錢幣(bi)，鑄于清穆(mu)宗(zong)初登基(ji)時(1861年)。時值載垣、肅順八大臣奉詔輔政，即改元祺(qi)祥(xiang)，并鑄祺(qi)祥(xiang)通寶與祺(qi)祥(xiang)重寶當(dang)十錢。
祺(qi)(qi)祥重(zhong)寶(bao)錢(qian)(qian)徑約3．5厘米，重(zhong)12．5克左右。錢(qian)(qian)面文(wen)字(zi)“祺(qi)(qi)祥重(zhong)寶(bao)”以楷書(shu)(shu)書(shu)(shu)寫(xie)，其文(wen)字(zi)從上而下而右而左直讀。錢(qian)(qian)背穿孔左右為滿文(wen)的(de)“寶(bao)泉”或“寶(bao)源”二局名稱。穿孔上下是(shi)漢文(wen)的(de)記值(zhi)"當十"二字(zi)。出于"祺(qi)(qi)祥重(zhong)寶(bao)"鑄(zhu)后不(bu)久，慈禧太后攝(she)政便(bian)改元“同(tong)治”，祺(qi)(qi)祥通寶(bao)也(ye)便(bian)不(bu)準通行(xing)，因而傳于今世(shi)甚少。祺(qi)(qi)祥通寶(bao)還鑄(zhu)有合(he)(he)背，以及"祺(qi)(qi)祥"、"同(tong)治"異號合(he)(he)背錢(qian)(qian)。
祺祥(xiang)是(shi)同治(zhi)皇帝第一個年號，當時提出時即(ji)有大臣因(yin)“祺”“祥(xiang)”兩(liang)字意思相近而持反對意見，后(hou)因(yin)慈(ci)禧太后(hou)發動辛酉(you)政變(bian)而廢(fei)止(zhi)，僅存(cun)60天。所鑄多為樣幣，流通幣幾乎全部收回損毀殆盡(jin)。
清(qing)咸豐十一年(nian)七月二十六日鼓(gu)鑄，還未發行，十月五日即被勒(le)令廢除，鑄幣(bi)(bi)回(hui)爐鑄為"同(tong)治"錢(qian)（1861年(nian)).與祺祥通(tong)寶一起并稱為中國(guo)壽命(ming)最短的錢(qian)幣(bi)(bi)。
“祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)”年(nian)號(hao)定于咸豐十(shi)一年(nian)七月二(er)十(shi)六(liu)日，廢于同年(nian)十(shi)月五日，短短六(liu)十(shi)九天(tian)，是(shi)我(wo)國歷史上少有的短命年(nian)號(hao)。而(er)祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)錢(qian)也因此(ci)而(er)鑄行時間短促，尚未(wei)流通，就被廢行了，因而(er)傳世甚少，極難見到(dao)。祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)錢(qian)分(fen)“祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)通寶(bao)(bao)”和“祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)重寶(bao)(bao)”，僅有寶(bao)(bao)泉(quan)局(ju)、寶(bao)(bao)源(yuan)局(ju)、寶(bao)(bao)云局(ju)、寶(bao)(bao)蘇局(ju)有鑄。“祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)通寶(bao)(bao)”徑約(yue)2.7厘(li)米，重一錢(qian)二(er)分(fen)，面文楷書(shu)，順(shun)讀。“祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)”重寶(bao)(bao)“徑約(yue)3.5厘(li)米，重七錢(qian)四(si)分(fen)，為(wei)當十(shi)錢(qian)，此(ci)錢(qian)做工(gong)較(jiao)精整美觀，因存世較(jiao)少為(wei)收藏者重視。
同(tong)治錢(qian)因(yin)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)虧損等原因(yin)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)行很不正常，時鑄(zhu)(zhu)時停，現常見約有(you)(you)(you)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)泉、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)源(yuan)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)蘇、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)浙、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)昌(chang)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)川、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)桂、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)直、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)云、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)東等局(ju)錢(qian)，其(qi)余皆少見或僅見樣(yang)錢(qian)。同(tong)治年間僅鑄(zhu)(zhu)行了當十以下(xia)大(da)錢(qian)，開(kai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)的錢(qian)局(ju)有(you)(you)(you)：寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)源(yuan)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)泉、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)云、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏和(he)新疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)阿(a)克蘇等局(ju)，大(da)小輕重也不一，新疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)局(ju)及寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏局(ju)曾鑄(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)當五錢(qian)，新疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)伊(yi)局(ju)有(you)(you)(you)當四(si)錢(qian)。同(tong)治時期(qi)本就鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)不多，民(min)間又普遍使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)白銀(yin)，而且外國機制銀(yin)元的輸入(ru)頗多，且成色制度均有(you)(you)(you)保證(zheng)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)頗方便，故而銅錢(qian)的使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)也就日見減少了。
寶(bao)(bao)源局(ju)祺祥重寶(bao)(bao)當十銅錢。直(zhi)徑3.48厘米(mi)，重18.9克。面文(wen)“祺祥重寶(bao)(bao)”；背面穿(chuan)上(shang)下(xia)為漢文(wen)紀值“當十”二(er)字，左右為滿文(wen)錢局(ju)“寶(bao)(bao)源”二(er)字。
祺祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶與(yu)同(tong)治(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)寶的(de)合背錢。直徑3.5厘米，重(zhong)(zhong)16.6克。面文同(tong)樣為“祺祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶”；背文為“同(tong)治(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)寶”。“祺祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶”中的(de)“寶”字為“寶”；“同(tong)治(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)寶”中的(de)“寶”字為“寶”。
兩(liang)枚錢幣均闊緣(yuan)無銹，內郭(guo)穿口具有清(qing)(qing)代(dai)錢幣特征(zheng)，面(mian)文(wen)和背文(wen)文(wen)字端莊嚴整(zheng)，銅(tong)質細膩，色澤(ze)金黃，鑄造精良，保存良好(hao)，令人百看不(bu)厭。根據《清(qing)(qing)史》記載(zai)，當為用上等的云(yun)南黃銅(tong)鑄造。
清(qing)(qing)代自順(shun)治登基（1644）始(shi)到宣統(tong)退(tui)位（1911）止，一(yi)共經歷(li)順(shun)治、康熙、雍正、乾隆(long)、嘉慶、道光(guang)、咸豐、同(tong)治、光(guang)緒、宣統(tong)10代，也就(jiu)是說出了(le)10位皇帝。按清(qing)(qing)制每(mei)朝只鑄一(yi)個年(nian)(nian)號錢幣，本應10個，然而歷(li)史上(shang)卻發(fa)行了(le)11個年(nian)(nian)號的方孔制錢，這(zhe)(zhe)多出的一(yi)個便(bian)是“祺(qi)祥”年(nian)(nian)號錢。這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)涉(she)及“祺(qi)祥”年(nian)(nian)號錢誕生(sheng)和消亡的歷(li)史背景——“祺(qi)祥政(zheng)變”（因為發(fa)生(sheng)在辛(xin)(xin)酉年(nian)(nian)，又稱“辛(xin)(xin)酉政(zheng)變”）。
咸豐十(shi)一年(nian)（1861）七月(yue)(yue)，咸豐帝在熱河避(bi)暑山莊病逝，以(yi)(yi)肅順為(wei)(wei)首(shou)的(de)八位(wei)大臣按遺詔(zhao)，以(yi)(yi)顧命大臣身份主宰朝(chao)政(zheng)(zheng)，擁輔(fu)年(nian)僅6歲的(de)載(zai)淳太子繼位(wei)，商定次年(nian)改(gai)用寓意(yi)吉祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)“祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”新年(nian)號(hao)，并下令鑄造(zao)了(le)“祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)通寶”、“祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)重寶”制錢。然(ran)而他們的(de)所作所為(wei)(wei)，使(shi)權欲熏心的(de)西宮(gong)(gong)太后(hou)慈(ci)禧極(ji)度恐(kong)慌，她(ta)聯手東(dong)宮(gong)(gong)太后(hou)慈(ci)安，暗中勾(gou)結恭親王奕?，回(hui)京(jing)后(hou)于(yu)9月(yue)(yue)30日突然(ran)發(fa)動(dong)宮(gong)(gong)廷(ting)政(zheng)(zheng)變，迅速(su)捕殺了(le)肅順、載(zai)垣(yuan)、端華(hua)等人。慈(ci)禧太后(hou)以(yi)(yi)輔(fu)助年(nian)幼皇(huang)帝、一同(tong)(tong)治政(zheng)(zheng)為(wei)(wei)名，宣布垂簾(lian)聽(ting)政(zheng)(zheng)，廢(fei)除“祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”年(nian)號(hao)，改(gai)為(wei)(wei)“同(tong)(tong)治”年(nian)號(hao)。新鑄的(de)“祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”錢幣(bi)被迅速(su)回(hui)爐(lu)改(gai)鑄“同(tong)(tong)治”錢幣(bi)。“祺(qi)(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”年(nian)號(hao)錢由誕生到消亡，前(qian)后(hou)僅有短短的(de)幾(ji)十(shi)天時(shi)間。
正因(yin)為(wei)“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)”年號錢(qian)發行時(shi)間(jian)(jian)短暫，因(yin)此存世量極少。孫仲匯著《錢(qian)幣辭(ci)典》載：“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)通寶(bao)(bao)(bao)、祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重寶(bao)(bao)(bao)：咸豐十一(yi)年（1861）鑄，通寶(bao)(bao)(bao)小平有寶(bao)(bao)(bao)泉(quan)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)源、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)云、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)蘇、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏五局(ju)，后三(san)種(zhong)極罕。重寶(bao)(bao)(bao)當十有寶(bao)(bao)(bao)泉(quan)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)源、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏三(san)局(ju)。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)泉(quan)局(ju)極少。”因(yin)此，盡(jin)管“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)”年號錢(qian)距今時(shi)間(jian)(jian)不長，物(wu)以稀為(wei)貴，像許(xu)多(duo)年代(dai)久遠的古錢(qian)幣一(yi)樣(yang)，被錢(qian)幣收藏家視(shi)為(wei)珍品(pin)。
如果說(shuo)寶(bao)(bao)源局祺祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)當十銅錢(qian)(qian)(qian)比(bi)較珍(zhen)貴，那么祺祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)與(yu)同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)背(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)則更(geng)加(jia)珍(zhen)貴。所謂合(he)背(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)誤(wu)用二件面范(fan)（鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)模具中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)面模）鑄(zhu)成的(de)(de)(de)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，雙面均有錢(qian)(qian)(qian)文；大多出(chu)自(zi)各(ge)個朝代的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)晚期，是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)國古錢(qian)(qian)(qian)幣中(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)特殊現(xian)象，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)較稀少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)版(ban)別(bie)，受到錢(qian)(qian)(qian)幣收藏家的(de)(de)(de)普遍重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視。祺祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)與(yu)同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)合(he)背(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)同(tong)(tong)樣(yang)受到華光(guang)普等錢(qian)(qian)(qian)幣收藏家的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視。一般認為，其正(zheng)(zheng)、背(bei)面的(de)(de)(de)年號(hao)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)由于“祺祥(xiang)”錢(qian)(qian)(qian)改鑄(zhu)“同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)”錢(qian)(qian)(qian)時，因時間倉促，鑄(zhu)量劇(ju)增，鑄(zhu)工在操作忙(mang)亂中(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)誤(wu)用錢(qian)(qian)(qian)范(fan)，或有意(yi)用錯錢(qian)(qian)(qian)范(fan)。加(jia)上檢(jian)查不(bu)嚴，錯范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)祺祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)與(yu)同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)合(he)背(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)便流入了(le)市(shi)場。這(zhe)正(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)清朝晚期政治(zhi)沒落(luo)，吏治(zhi)腐敗，綱紀松弛(chi)，錢(qian)(qian)(qian)法混(hun)亂的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)現(xian)。祺祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)與(yu)同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)合(he)背(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)和寶(bao)(bao)源局祺祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)當十銅錢(qian)(qian)(qian)一道，共(gong)同(tong)(tong)見(jian)證了(le)刀光(guang)劍影(ying)、陰險黑暗的(de)(de)(de)清末宮廷政變，“以錢(qian)(qian)(qian)證史”的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)意(yi)義得(de)到彰顯。
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