中國古代錢幣之一(yi)。據資料(liao)記載:清(qing)咸豐(feng)年(nian)間(1851-1861年(nian)),太平天國農(nong)民(min)起義(yi)發(fa)展迅(xun)猛,并在江蘇(su)南京(jing)(jing)建都,此時(shi)清(qing)政(zheng)府賴以鑄(zhu)錢之用(yong)的滇銅(云南省出產的銅料(liao)),因(yin)道路阻斷而無法運進北(bei)京(jing)(jing)。一(yi)方面是鎮壓(ya)起義(yi)急需大(da)量的軍餉開(kai)銷,一(yi)方面是鑄(zhu)錢的原材料(liao)告缺,給清(qing)政(zheng)府造成了嚴重的財政(zheng)困難,最終迫使清(qing)政(zheng)府自咸豐(feng)三年(nian)開(kai)始發(fa)行(xing)紙幣和改鑄(zhu)大(da)錢來彌補財政(zheng)虧空。
咸豐朝寶泉局所鑄(zhu)錢咸豐元寶有“當(dang)百”、“當(dang)二百”、“當(dang)三(san)百”、“當(dang)五(wu)百”、“當(dang)千”等五(wu)種面值。當(dang)時(shi)采用了(le)銅鐵(tie)并鑄(zhu)的形式。
咸豐元(yuan)寶(bao)(bao)種(zhong)類較(jiao)多(duo),這里僅舉部(bu)分稀見(jian)品和名譽品,寶(bao)(bao)泉克勤郡王捐銅所鑄當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)二百(bai)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)三百(bai),均(jun)為試樣,罕(han)(han)見(jian),寶(bao)(bao)鞏當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五百(bai)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)較(jiao)罕(han)(han)見(jian),市(shi)場價(jia)格在(zai)10~20萬(wan)元(yuan),寶(bao)(bao)河當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五百(bai)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)亦較(jiao)罕(han)(han)見(jian),價(jia)格在(zai)15~20萬(wan)元(yuan),寶(bao)(bao)薊當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)百(bai)為當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)百(bai)中(zhong)最(zui)稀見(jian)者,市(shi)場價(jia)格在(zai)8萬(wan)元(yuan)左(zuo)右(you),寶(bao)(bao)蘇當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五百(bai)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)均(jun)屬僅見(jian),其中(zhong)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五百(bai)目(mu)前下落不明,寶(bao)(bao)伊當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五百(bai)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)均(jun)罕(han)(han)見(jian),寶(bao)(bao)迪當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)八十(shi)亦稀見(jian),市(shi)場價(jia)格在(zai)6萬(wan)元(yuan)左(zuo)右(you)。
咸豐(feng)初(chu)期,清朝政府的稅入大約為白銀4000萬(wan)兩(liang)(liang),支(zhi)出約需(xu)白銀3600余(yu)萬(wan)兩(liang)(liang),收(shou)入與支(zhi)出相互抵(di)銷尚有盈余(yu)。自太平天國革(ge)命爆(bao)發以(yi)(yi)后,清政府的財政危(wei)機急驟惡化。咸豐(feng)二年(1852年)戶部(bu)奏(zou)(zou)稱:“兩(liang)(liang)載以(yi)(yi)來,軍需(xu)河餉(xiang)糜帑已二千(qian)(qian)數百(bai)萬(wan)兩(liang)(liang),以(yi)(yi)致度支(zhi)告匱,籌(chou)劃維(wei)艱。”同年六(liu)月十六(liu)日(ri)戶部(bu)密摺(zhe)言:“自廣西用(yong)兵以(yi)(yi)來,迄(qi)今(jin)三(san)載,經(jing)臣部(bu)奏(zou)(zou)撥(bo)軍餉(xiang)及各省截(jie)留籌(chou)解,已至二千(qian)(qian)九百(bai)六(liu)十三(san)萬(wan)余(yu)兩(liang)(liang),……戶部(bu)銀庫,截(jie)止本月十二日(ri)止,正項待支(zhi)銀僅(jin)存二十二萬(wan)七千(qian)(qian)余(yu)兩(liang)(liang)。”在這種支(zhi)出日(ri)多、財政窘迫(po)、軍餉(xiang)困難、國庫空虛(xu)的情況之下,清政府企圖借(jie)實(shi)行通(tong)貨膨脹的政策(ce),進(jin)一步(bu)對百(bai)姓進(jin)行搜(sou)刮(gua)與掠奪。
咸豐二年(1852年)十(shi)月(yue)十(shi)九(jiu)日,四(si)川學政何紹基向(xiang)清(qing)廷上摺(zhe)(zhe),要求政府鑄造大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian),以應付日益困難的財政需要。他(ta)在奏摺(zhe)(zhe)中說(shuo):“……歷(li)代大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)之制不一(yi),大(da)約由(you)當(dang)(dang)五、當(dang)(dang)十(shi)至當(dang)(dang)千而止。擬請(qing)于常行通寶錢(qian)(qian)(qian)外(wai),鑄為大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)品:曰當(dang)(dang)一(yi)百(bai),曰當(dang)(dang)五百(bai),曰當(dang)(dang)一(yi)千;當(dang)(dang)千者重不過二兩,俾與(yu)制錢(qian)(qian)(qian)相劑而行。由(you)部臣議(yi)定成(cheng)式,務期精好,頒發中外(wai),一(yi)體鼓鑄。凡支給俸、薪(xin)、養(yang)廉,及河工(gong)、兵餉,皆銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)與(yu)大(da)小(xiao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)兼放;賦(fu)稅(shui)所(suo)入當(dang)(dang)收(shou)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)者,皆準以銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)與(yu)大(da)小(xiao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)搭配交納。應歸藩庫部庫者,酌為減節,以免先解后撥之煩(fan)。惟關(guan)稅(shui)仍照舊(jiu)盡數收(shou)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而特恩錫(xi)賚則(ze)給銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)以示優異。俟大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)暢行之后,民(min)輸官賦(fu)乃漸不必用銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。然非置銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)于無(wu)(wu)用也,民(min)間(jian)以銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)易(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)及用銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)交易(yi),聽其自如,無(wu)(wu)庸(yong)過問。……”
咸豐(feng)皇帝于(yu)十一月二(er)(er)十八日(ri)在奏(zou)摺上親自朱(zhu)筆批(pi)示(shi):“所奏(zou)不(bu)為無見,然小錢(qian)(qian)大錢(qian)(qian),制(zhi)雖異,用實同,現鑄小錢(qian)(qian),銅(tong)尚(shang)不(bu)足(zu),何(he)況(kuang)大錢(qian)(qian)乎!汝(ru)知(zhi)一未知(zhi)二(er)(er)也。至器用多銅(tong),原干例禁,本(ben)年曾(ceng)經降旨。況(kuang)古制(zhi)亦非盡善,舉一事必欲復古,試問井(jing)田,封建尚(shang)可復乎?此(ci)摺著戶部(bu)存(cun)記,若有可行時,不(bu)妨采擇(ze)入奏(zou)。欽此(ci)。”
雖然,何紹基鑄造大(da)錢(qian)的(de)(de)建(jian)議未(wei)能獲得朝(chao)廷(ting)的(de)(de)批準,但是,出(chu)于當時“軍餉增多,帑金不足(zu),”的(de)(de)現(xian)實情況,在清朝(chao)政府的(de)(de)最高(gao)統治階層,已經(jing)拉開了(le)鑄造大(da)錢(qian)的(de)(de)論戰。
此后,清朝政府(fu)中的(de)有關部門主管(guan),如御史蔡(cai)紹洛、刑(xing)部尚書(shu)周(zhou)祖(zu)培(pei)、大(da)理(li)寺卿恒春、戶(hu)部尚書(shu)孫瑞珍、巡(xun)防大(da)臣(chen)綿愉、管(guan)理(li)戶(hu)部事務祁(qi)雋藻等(deng)(deng),均先(xian)后向朝廷力陳鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)大(da)錢的(de)利(li)處。然而(er),以戶(hu)部左侍郎王茂蔭為(wei)首的(de)反對派,包括左庶(shu)子(zi)龐鐘璐(lu)、御史蔡(cai)征(zheng)藩等(deng)(deng)一批官吏,竭力反對鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)大(da)錢。咸豐(feng)三年(nian)(1853年(nian))二月,太平天(tian)國(guo)起義軍占領江(jiang)寧(ning)(今南(nan)京(jing)),并(bing)將南(nan)京(jing)改為(wei)天(tian)京(jing),革命勢力遍及(ji)長江(jiang)流域各省,戰(zhan)局的(de)急劇發(fa)展,使得(de)當時市場銀貴錢賤,貨(huo)幣信用發(fa)生嚴重危機,國(guo)家(jia)財政已經到了山窮水(shui)盡的(de)地步。據《光緒順天(tian)府(fu)志》記(ji)載:“咸豐(feng)三年(nian),軍旅(lv)數起,餉需支絀,東南(nan)道路梗(geng)阻,滇銅不至,刑(xing)部尚書(shu)周(zhou)祖(zu)培(pei)、大(da)理(li)寺卿恒春、御史蔡(cai)紹洛等(deng)(deng)先(xian)后條陳錢法,請改鑄(zhu)(zhu)大(da)錢,以充度支。”在這種情況之下咸豐(feng)大(da)錢終于(yu)應運而(er)生。
咸豐三(san)年(nian)(1853年(nian))三(san)月五(wu)(wu)(wu)月,戶部首先開鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)十(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian),文曰(yue)咸豐元寶,重(zhong)(zhong)六(liu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian),與制錢(qian)(qian)(qian)相(xiang)輔(fu)而行。七月乃(nai)增鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)一種,重(zhong)(zhong)一兩八(ba)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。同年(nian)十(shi)(shi)一月諭令各(ge)省推行鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian),并添鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)百(bai)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)千錢(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)種;當(dang)(dang)(dang)千者(zhe)(zhe)重(zhong)(zhong)二(er)(er)兩,當(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)者(zhe)(zhe)重(zhong)(zhong)一兩六(liu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian),銅色(se)紫,當(dang)(dang)(dang)百(bai)者(zhe)(zhe)重(zhong)(zhong)一兩四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)錢(qian)(qian)(qian),銅色(se)黃,皆磨濾(lv)精工,光澤如(ru)鏡,文曰(yue)咸豐元寶;而減當(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)一兩二(er)(er)錢(qian)(qian)(qian),當(dang)(dang)(dang)十(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)分(fen)(fen),又(you)減為(wei)三(san)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen),再改為(wei)二(er)(er)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)六(liu)分(fen)(fen)。四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)年(nian)正月,寶源局又(you)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)一種,重(zhong)(zhong)二(er)(er)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)分(fen)(fen)。接著又(you)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)二(er)(er)百(bai)、三(san)百(bai)、四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。在大(da)(da)約一年(nian)左右的時間里,清朝政府開鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)有當(dang)(dang)(dang)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)、八(ba)、十(shi)(shi)、二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)、三(san)十(shi)(shi)、四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)、一百(bai)、二(er)(er)百(bai)、三(san)百(bai)、四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)以及當(dang)(dang)(dang)千等(deng)計(ji)約十(shi)(shi)六(liu)個(ge)等(deng)級的咸豐各(ge)類大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。
咸(xian)豐四年(nian)(nian)(1854年(nian)(nian))三月,戶(hu)部又先后鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)一、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)十等三種(zhong)鐵(tie)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)與鉛錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)時(shi)戶(hu)部除了(le)下設(she)寶(bao)泉、寶(bao)源(yuan)兩個(ge)(ge)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)局(ju)外(wai),清(qing)廷又特別準許克(ke)(ke)勤(qin)(qin)郡王(wang)(wang)慶惠、文端設(she)立一個(ge)(ge)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)局(ju),專(zhuan)(zhuan)門鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)咸(xian)豐當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)百以上(shang)的(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。馬定祥先生主編《咸(xian)豐泉匯》一書(shu),收(shou)錄(lu)有克(ke)(ke)勤(qin)(qin)郡王(wang)(wang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)的(de)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五十至當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)千型咸(xian)豐大(da)(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)56種(zhong)。鮑康《大(da)(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)圖錄(lu)》刊載(zai)有咸(xian)豐當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)十以上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)54枚(mei),其中克(ke)(ke)勤(qin)(qin)郡王(wang)(wang)所(suo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)4種(zhong)。克(ke)(ke)勤(qin)(qin)郡王(wang)(wang)所(suo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)的(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)都帶有星月紋標記(ji)(ji),張炯伯《咸(xian)豐大(da)(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)考》載(zai):“勤(qin)(qin)郡王(wang)(wang)意欲另設(she)專(zhuan)(zhuan)局(ju)鼓鑄(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)未(wei)準,故沿(yan)用(yong)寶(bao)泉字樣,特加星月標記(ji)(ji),以示區別耳。”
先是(shi)道光中葉,銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)外(wai)(wai)泄(xie)而(er)貴,朝野(ye)皆欲行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)以(yi)(yi)救(jiu)之(zhi)。廣西巡(xun)撫(fu)梁章鉅疏言其利。文(wen)(wen)宗(zong)即(ji)位,四(si)川學政何紹基力請(qing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)以(yi)(yi)復古救(jiu)時(shi)。上(shang)意初不(bu)(bu)謂然,卒(zu)與官(guan)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)、寶(bao)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)焉。鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)嘗行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)于(yu)順(shun)(shun)治八年(nian)(nian),歲造(zao)(zao)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)萬八千(qian)有奇(qi)。十(shi)年(nian)(nian)而(er)罷。嘉慶間,侍(shi)講學士蔡之(zhi)定(ding)請(qing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。咸豐二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian),福建巡(xun)撫(fu)王懿(yi)德亦(yi)以(yi)(yi)為請(qing)。廷議以(yi)(yi)窒礙難行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),卻(que)之(zhi)。是(shi)時(shi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)虧(kui)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)匱重,而(er)軍需河餉(xiang)糜帑二(er)(er)(er)千(qian)數百(bai)(bai)萬,籌國(guo)計(ji)者,率以(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)官(guan)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)請(qing)。次年(nian)(nian),命戶部(bu)(bu)集議。惠親等(deng)請(qing)飭部(bu)(bu)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)與銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)相輔并行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)制(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)皮(pi)紙,額題(ti)“戶部(bu)(bu)官(guan)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)”,左滿(man)、右漢,皆雙行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),中標二(er)(er)(er)兩(liang)平(ping)足色銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)若干兩(liang),下(xia)(xia)(xia)曰(yue)“戶部(bu)(bu)奏行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)官(guan)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)”。凡原將官(guan)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)兌換銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)者,與銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)一(yi)(yi)律,并準(zhun)按(an)部(bu)(bu)定(ding)章程,搭交官(guan)項。偽造(zao)(zao)者依律治罪(zui)(zui)。邊(bian)文(wen)(wen)龍。鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)額題(ti)“大(da)清寶(bao)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”,漢字平(ping)列,中標準(zhun)足制(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)若干文(wen)(wen),旁八字為“天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)通寶(bao),平(ping)準(zhun)出(chu)入”,下(xia)(xia)(xia)曰(yue)“此鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)即(ji)代制(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)用,并準(zhun)按(an)成交納地丁錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)糧一(yi)(yi)切稅課捐項,京、外(wai)(wai)各庫(ku)(ku)一(yi)(yi)概(gai)收解”。邊(bian)文(wen)(wen)如(ru)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)。大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)千(qian)至(zhi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)十(shi),凡五(wu)(wu)等(deng),重自二(er)(er)(er)兩(liang)遞(di)減(jian)至(zhi)四(si)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)分。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)千(qian)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai),凈銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao),色紫;當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)百(bai)(bai)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)十(shi),銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鉛配(pei)鑄(zhu)(zhu),色黃。百(bai)(bai)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“咸豐元寶(bao)”,以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)曰(yue)“重寶(bao)”,幕滿(man)文(wen)(wen)局(ju)(ju)名。四(si)年(nian)(nian),以(yi)(yi)乏銅(tong)(tong)(tong),兼鑄(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)(wu)鐵(tie)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)及(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。已而(er)更(geng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鉛制(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。乾隆間,京局(ju)(ju)用銅(tong)(tong)(tong),滇、洋兼資,后專行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)滇運。時(shi)以(yi)(yi)道梗銅(tong)(tong)(tong)滯(zhi),故權(quan)宜出(chu)此。定(ding)議票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)一(yi)(yi)兩(liang)抵制(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)千(qian),鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)二(er)(er)(er)千(qian)抵銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)一(yi)(yi)兩(liang),票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)亦(yi)準(zhun)是(shi)互相抵,民(min)間完納丁糧稅課及(ji)一(yi)(yi)切官(guan)款,亦(yi)準(zhun)五(wu)(wu)成,京、外(wai)(wai)應(ying)放庫(ku)(ku)款如(ru)之(zhi)。大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)通行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)如(ru)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),抵銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)如(ru)制(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)數,輸(shu)官(guan)以(yi)(yi)三(san)成,鐵(tie)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)通用如(ru)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。阻撓罪(zui)(zui)以(yi)(yi)違制(zhi)(zhi),偽造(zao)(zao)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)斬監(jian)候,私鑄(zhu)(zhu)加嚴(yan)。通飭京、外(wai)(wai)設置(zhi)官(guan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)局(ju)(ju)。尋以(yi)(yi)直(zhi)省(sheng)延不(bu)(bu)奉行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),嗣后議于(yu)各府置(zhi)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)局(ju)(ju),發大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)于(yu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)店,俾錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)通融互易(yi)以(yi)(yi)便民(min),丁糧搭收票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),零(ling)星小戶銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)尾(wei)零(ling),搭交銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鐵(tie)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),皆先從直(zhi)隸、山東實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。官(guan)吏(li)折勒骫法,商民(min)交易(yi)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)價,從嚴(yan)處治。七年(nian)(nian),令順(shun)(shun)天(tian)直(zhi)隸各屬錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)糧,自本年(nian)(nian)上(shang)忙(mang)始,以(yi)(yi)實銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)四(si)成、寶(bao)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)三(san)成、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)十(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鐵(tie)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)成搭交,一(yi)(yi)切用項,亦(yi)按(an)成搭放。尋從戶部(bu)(bu)議,自本年(nian)(nian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)忙(mang)始,直(zhi)隸照銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)七票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)三(san)征收,大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)成即(ji)納在(zai)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)三(san)成內(nei),交票(piao)(piao)(piao)(piao)交錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)聽(ting)便。
“尋(xun)以直(zhi)省(sheng)延不奉行,嗣后議于各府置鈔(chao)局,發大錢于行店,俾錢鈔(chao)通融互(hu)易以便民,丁糧搭(da)收(shou)票鈔(chao),零(ling)星(xing)小戶(hu)銀(yin)鈔(chao)尾零(ling),搭(da)交銅(tong)鐵大錢,皆先從直(zhi)隸(li)、山東實(shi)行”可能就是直(zhi)隸(li)、山東一帶。
鹿角料咸豐元寶當百
宮中賞(shang)玩錢,孤品,現為中國書(shu)協會(hui)員、著名書(shu)法家(jia)、錢幣收藏(zang)大家(jia)李桂(gui)強所收藏(zang)。